Lecture 3 Nanotechnology Applications

Nanotechnology
Applications
Dr. Mangala Joshi
Course Coordinator
TTL 740
Science and Applications of Nanotechnology in
Textiles
Nanotechnology Applications
Energy
• More efficient and cost
effective technologies for
Information Technology energy production
− Solar cells
• Smaller, faster, more − Fuel cells
energy efficient and − Batteries
powerful computing − Bio fuels
and other IT-based
systems
Medicine
• Cancer treatment
• Bone treatment
• Drug delivery
• Appetite control
• Drug development
• Medical tools
• Diagnostic tests
• Imaging
SPACE DEVELOPMENTS AND
SYSTEMS
• Functionality by means of chemistry

(Nanochem)
• Functional ultra-thin films (Nanolayers)
• Applications of nanostructures in
optoelectronics (NanOp)
• Production and use of lateral
nanostructures
• Ultra-precise surface treatment
(Ultraprecise Surfaces)
• Nanoanalytics
CONSTRUCTION
• structural composites
• low maintenance coating
• pipe joining materials and techniques.
• cementitious materials
• sound absorption of acoustic absorber
Consumer Goods
•Foods and beverages
−Advanced packaging
materials, sensors, and
lab-on-chips for food
quality testing
•Appliances and textiles

−Stain proof, water proof
and wrinkle free textiles
•Household and cosmetics

− Self-cleaning and
scratch free products,
paints, and better
cosmetics
Nanoscale Devices and Integrated
Nanosystems
Nanochip
− Currently available microprocessors use
resolutions as small as 32 nm
− Houses up to a billion transistors in a single chip
− MEMS based nanochips have future capability of 2
nm cell leading to 1TB memory per chip A MEMS based nanochip
– Nanochip Inc., 2006
Nanoelectromechanical System
(NEMS) Sensors
− NEMS technology enables creation of ultra small
and highly sensitive sensors for various
applications
− The NEMS force sensor shown in the figure is
applicable in pathogenic bacteria detection A NEMS bacteria sensor
– Nano Lett., 2006, DOI:
10.1021/nl060275y
Nanosystems
Lab on Chip
− A lab on chip integrates one or more laboratory
operation on a single chip
− Provides fast result and easy operation
− Applications: Biochemical analysis (DNA/protein/cell
analysis) and bio-defense Lab on chip gene analysis
device – IBN Singapore, 2008
Drug Delivery Systems
Impact of nanotechnology on drug delivery systems:
− Targeted drug delivery
− Improved delivery of poorly water soluble drugs
− Co-delivery of two or more drugs
− Imaging of drug delivery sites using imaging
modalities Targeted drug delivery
– ACS Nano 2009, DOI:
10.1021/nn900002m
Nanosystems
Nanophotonic Systems
− Nanophotonic systems work with light signals
vs. electrical signals in electronic systems
− Enable parallel processing that means higher
A silicon processor featuring on-chip
computing capability in a smaller chip nanophotonic network – IBM Corp., 2008
− Enable realization of optical systems on
semiconductor chip
Fuel Cells
− Fuel cells use hydrogen and air as fuels
and produce water as by product
− The technology uses a nanomaterial 500 W fuel cell
Schematic of a fuel cell
membrane to produce electricity – Energy solution center Inc. – H2economy.com
Medical Nanotechnology or
Nanomedicine
Nanomedicine is the application of
nanotechnology in medicine, including to cure
diseases and repair damaged tissues such as
bone, muscle, and nerve
Key Goals for Nanomedicine

−To develop cure for traditionally incurable diseases (e.g. cancer)
through the utilization of nanotechnology
−To provide more effective cure with fewer side effects by means
of targeted drug delivery systems
Nanotechnology in Health Care
• Thermal ablation of cancer
cells
− Nanoshells have metallic
outer layer and silica core
− Selectively attracted to
cancer shells either through
a phenomena called
enhanced permeation
retention or due to some
molecules coated on the
shells
− The nanoshells are heated Thermal ablation of cancer cells assisted
by nanoshells coated with metallic layer
with an external energy and an external energy source – National Cancer
source killing the cancer Institute
cells
Treatment
• Targeted drug delivery
− Nanoparticles containing
drugs are coated with
targeting agents (e.g.
conjugated antibodies)
− The nanoparticles
circulate through the
blood vessels and reach
the target cells Targeted drug delivery –
Targeted drug delivery using a
− Drugs are released multicomponent nanoparticle
directly into the targeted containing therapeutic as well
as biological surface modifying
cells agents – Mauro Ferrari, Univ. of Cal. Berkley
Nanotechnology offers tools
and techniques for more
effective detection, diagnosis
and treatment of diseases The microfluidic channel with nanowire
sensor can detect the presence of altered
Detection and Diagnosis genes associated with cancer – J. Heath, Cali. Insti. of
Technology
• Lab on chips help detection and

diagnosis of diseases more
efficiently
• Nanowire and cantilever lab on
chips help in early detection of The nanoscale cantilever detects the
cancer biomarkers presence and concentration of various
molecular expressions of a cancer cell
– A. Majumdar, Univ. of Cal. at Berkeley
Nanotechnology & Textiles
Driving Opportunities
New tool for improving the
in
performanceTextiles
of materials including
polymers and textiles
3,84,000
Generated worldwide interest in
hits in creating smart & intelligent
Google -- textiles , textiles with new
functionalities, improved
-- performance and durability
New Frontier in Science

Driving force for change and innovations in the
industry
Some representative applications of
Nanotechnology in Technical textiles
Nanotechnology and Textiles:
Market and Applications
y US $480 million in 2007
y US $4.9 billion by 2015
24.6 per cent of all textiles products
available in 2015 will incorporate some form
of nanotechnology
household care to leisure and consumer

goods to healthcare
significant revenue growth in nanotechnology
products from 2011 onwards----
WWW.nano.org.UK/TTC/State of Art/Textiles Market.htm

Textile industry is one of the premier
beneficiaries of advances in
Nanotechnology
y Largest consumer supported industry
y Significant impact on Nation’s economy
Estimated
Production of
Nanotechnolo
gy based
Textile
Products in
2010
(www.unitex.
be)

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Nanotechnology

• Functionality by means of chemistry

•Appliances and textiles

•Household and cosmetics

Key Goals for Nanomedicine

• Lab on chips help detection and

New Frontier in Science

household care to leisure and consumer

WWW.nano.org.UK/TTC/State of Art/Textiles Market.htm

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