TTL Mod.1 Readiing Material

MODULE 1: Introduction to Technology for Teaching and Learning
Basic concepts
Technology-refers to the advancements in the methods and tools people use to solve the
problems and achieve a goal.
-application of scientific knowledge to the practical aims of human life or as it is

sometimes phrased, to change and manipulation of human environment.
Wainwright (2016) posits 10 reasons why technology should be implemented in the classroom.
1. Technology will help students in the future career especially those who need wireless
technology.
2. Technology addresses diversity in learning styles.
3.Technology gives students the chance to interact.
4.Technology helps teachers prepare students for the real world environment.
5. Technology keeps students engaged.
6.Technology makes the classroom a happier place.
7. Technology allows students to access updated information faster than before.
8. Technology makes students more responsible.
9. Technology breaks the tradition of passive learning.
10.Technology allows students to access digital materials and databases.
Information Communication Technology- much sought breakthrough that changed many

aspects of human’s life most essentially the educational realm.
The use of ICT in education evolved in four phases:
 Emerging- schools were described as teacher-centered

 Applying-The use of ICT has begun with the adoption of some ICT products
 Infusing –involved the integration of ICT across the curriculum , an increased use of
computer-based technologies.
 Transforming-ICT has been taught as a separate subject and the curriculum is now
student-centered.
Instructional materials-design for use in the teaching and learning process that will help
learners acquire facts, skills, or opinions or develop cognitive processes.
They also refer to resources that organize and support instructions , such as textbooks , tasks,
and supplementary resources (adapted from Remillard & Heck , 2014)
Digital-involving or relating to the use of computer technology(Oxford Dictionary ,

2017);electronic technology that generates , stores, and processes data terms of the two
states : positive, expressed in 1 string non-positive, expressed in 0 string (Whatls,2017)
Evolution of Technology for Instruction
1600--Quill Pens and Slates- Early one – room schoolhouse in the 1700s and 1800s used
materials to teach students how to write and cipher.
1700--Primers- The New England Primer remained the basic school text for 100 years after its
publication.
1826--Wall Charts – to save the cost of individual books, passages were sometimes printed in
large letters and hung for all to see in Lancastrian schools.
1855--Models- with the introduction of kindergarten in Wisconsin, models and materials were
given to students to manipulate to learn from.
1901--Manipulative- Maria Montessori’s kinesthetic approach offered a variety of manipulative

from which students could learn.
1904--Educational Museums-the visual- education movement resulted in educational museums

with abundant visuals displays.
1910--Films-Edison declared after inventing motion pictures that books would soon be
obsolete. Public schools in New York City implemented films for instruction for the first time.
Edward Thorndike-helped established education in science.
1914—Behaviorism Theory-John Watson helped establish behaviorism, which become one of

the theoretical foundations of learning.
1929-Radio-- The Ohio “School of the Air” broadcast instruct ions to homes.
1933--Objectives in Education – Ralph Tyler at Ohio State University developed and refined
procedures for writing objectives.
1940-1945—Instructional Technologies – with the role of technology in learning in increasing,
the need for expertise in both education and technology grew and professional instructional
technologies emerged.
1945--Multiple Media used by Military Arm Forces-training used films , sounds ,

graphics ,models, and print to help prepare recruits for war.
1953—ITV- The University of Houston launches KUHT , the first non-commercial education
station.
1956—Blooms Taxonomy- a team led by Benjamin Bloom identified and articulated levels of
cognition.
1957—Programmed Instruction – instruction materials based of Skinner’s behaviorism were

used at the Mystic School in Winchester, Massachusetts.
1965—Instructional Design System- Robert Gagne introduced a model for a systems approach
to designing instruction.
1967—PBS and NER- The Public Broadcasting Act established the Public Broadcasting Service
and National Educational Radio.
1970—Cognitive Approach –cognitivists including Ausubel, Bruner, Gagne, and others

dominated thinking about learning.
1977---Personal Computers – the first microcomputer, the Apple , was created by Steve
Wozniak & Steve Jobs.
1980—CAI- computer – assisted instruction on personal computers reached its peak of

popularity.
1990—Constructivist Approach –the Influence of Dewey Piaget, Vygotsky, and others led to the
emergence of the constructivist view of learning. Computer – based technologies-video discs,
CD-ROMs, multimedia digital presentations , interactive video, teleconferencing , compressed
video , and the Internet combined to greatly increase the technologies available to enhance
teaching and learning. Virtual Reality- digital representations of a given reality let teacher and
students ”experience” it.
1990-Digital Assistants – intelligent agents help people interact with equipment and cyberspace
1991—World Wide Web- the Internet became accessible to all with the creation of the Web by
Tim Bernes-Lee.
2003—Mobile Devices- smart phones netbooks, and handheld PCs joined the wireless
networking to make mobile computing commonplace everywhere , including in the classroom.
2008 and beyond—Online Life- the Internet expands to include the Web 2.0 featuring social
networking, audio and video streaming and options , for interaction leading to instruction
anytime, anywhere. The Grid- using distributed computing technology , the Grid will make it
possible to dynamically pool and share computer resources, making unprecedented computing
power available to everyone to the Grid.
Watch the video clip about: The History of Technology Education:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UFwWWsz_X9s
Roles of Technology for Teaching and Learning

o Gain Attention- technology’s visual and interactive qualities can easily motivate and
direct student’s attention toward learning tasks.
o Support manual operations during high – level learning-students are more motivated to
learn complex skills when technology tools to help them do the low – level skills
involved
o Illustrate real world relevance through highly visual presentations – students are more
likely to learn skills that have clear real- life applications to their future work.
o Engage through production work- students who learn by creating their own products
with technologies such as word processing , multimedia , hypermedia and other
technology products report higher engagement in learning and a greater sense of pride
in their achievements.
o Collaborate students with audience for their communication- students get to be more
motivated to write and do their best production work when they publish it in the Web,
since other outside the classroom will see their work.
o Supply self- paced learning for capable students- students who can learn on their own
with software tutorials and / or distance educational materials can be directed to take
topics ahead of others.
o Allow access to learning opportunities – students with disabilities depend on technology
to compensate for vision , hearing, or manual dexterity they need to read . interact in
class, and do products to show what they have learned.
o Provide faster access to information-integrated learning systems can help teachers
quickly assess and track students’ progress, also , collection of submitted data online can
be gathered easily.

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MODULE 1: Introduction to Technology for Teaching and Learning

-application of scientific knowledge to the practical aims of human life or as it is

2. Technology addresses diversity in learning styles.

3.Technology gives students the chance to interact.

5. Technology keeps students engaged.

6.Technology makes the classroom a happier place.

7. Technology allows students to access updated information faster than before.

8. Technology makes students more responsible.

9. Technology breaks the tradition of passive learning.

10.Technology allows students to access digital materials and databases.

Information Communication Technology- much sought breakthrough that changed many

The use of ICT in education evolved in four phases:

 Emerging- schools were described as teacher-centered

Digital-involving or relating to the use of computer technology(Oxford Dictionary ,

Evolution of Technology for Instruction

1901--Manipulative- Maria Montessori’s kinesthetic approach offered a variety of manipulative

1904--Educational Museums-the visual- education movement resulted in educational museums

Edward Thorndike-helped established education in science.

1914—Behaviorism Theory-John Watson helped establish behaviorism, which become one of

1945--Multiple Media used by Military Arm Forces-training used films , sounds ,

1957—Programmed Instruction – instruction materials based of Skinner’s behaviorism were

1970—Cognitive Approach –cognitivists including Ausubel, Bruner, Gagne, and others

1980—CAI- computer – assisted instruction on personal computers reached its peak of

Watch the video clip about: The History of Technology Education:

Roles of Technology for Teaching and Learning

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