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Begin Note.pdf
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22. CHEMICAL COORDINATION AND INTEGRATION.pdf
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21. NEURAL CONTROL AND COORDINATION.pdf
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20. LOCOMOTION AND MOVEMENT.pdf
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19. EXCRETORY PRODUCTS AND THEIR ELIMINATION.pdf
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18. BODY FLUIDS AND CIRCULATION.pdf
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17. BREATHING AND EXCHANGE OF GASES.pdf
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16. ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES.pdf
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16. DIGESTION AND ABSORPTION.pdf
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15. PLANT GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT(1).pdf
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15. PLANT GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT.pdf
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15. BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION.pdf
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14. RESPIRATION IN PLANTS.pdf
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14. ECOSYSTEM.pdf
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13. PHOTOSYNTHESIS IN HIGHER PLANTS.pdf
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13. ORGANISMS AND POPULATION.pdf
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12. MINERAL NUTRITION(1).pdf
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12. MINERAL NUTRITION.pdf
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12. BIOTECHNOLOGY APPLICATIONS.pdf
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11. TRANSPORTATION IN PLANTS.pdf
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11. TRANSPORT IN PLANTS.pdf
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11. BIOTECHNOLOGY PRINCIPLES AND PROCESS.pdf
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10. MICROBES IN HUMAN WELFARE.pdf
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10. CELL CYCLE AND CELL DIVISION(1).pdf
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10. CELL CYCLE and CELL DIVISION.pdf
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09. STRATEGIES FOR ENHANCEMENT IN FOOD PRODUCTION.pdf
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09. BIOMOLECULES.pdf
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08. HUMAN HEALTH and DISEASE.pdf
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08. CELL THE UNIT OF LIFE.pdf
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08. CELL - THE UNIT OF LIFE.pdf
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07. STRUCTURAL ORGANIZATION IN ANIMALS.pdf
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07. EVOLUTION.pdf
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07. CELL CYCLE AND CELL DIVISION.pdf
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06. ANATOMY OF FLOWERING PLANTS(1).pdf
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06. ANATOMY OF FLOWERING PLANTS.pdf
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05. PRINCIPLES OF INHERITANCE AND VARIATION.pdf
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05. MORPHOLOGY OF FLOWERING PLANTS(1).pdf
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05. MORPHOLOGY OF FLOWERING PLANTS.pdf
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04. REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH.pdf
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04. ANIMAL KIGDOM.pdf
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03. PLANT KINGDOM(1).pdf
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03. PLANT KINGDOM.pdf
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03. HUMAN REPRODUCTION.pdf
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02. SEXUAL REPRODUCTION IN FLOWERING.pdf
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02. BIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION(1).pdf
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02. BIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION.pdf
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01. THE LIVING WORLD.pdf
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01. REPRODUCTION IN ORGANISMS.pdf
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HUMAN HEALTH and DISEASE #QID# 26126 (1.) Cannabis sativa is the source
of (a.) Opium (b.) LSD (c.) Marijuana (d.) cocaine ANSWER: c
EXPLANATION: (c) The flower tops leaves and the resin of the plant
Cannabis sativa are used in various combinations to produce marijuana,
hashish, charas and ganja. Generally taken by inhalation and oral
ingestion, these are known for their effect on cardiovascular system of
the body. A group of chemicals cannabinoids interact with cannabinoids
receptors present principally in the brain. Natural cannabinoids are
obtained from the inflorescence of the plant Cannabis sativa. #QID#
26127 (2.) Which of the following is a pair of bacterial diseases? (a.)
Typhoid and Pneumonia (b.) Malaria and AIDS (c.) Ringworm and AIDS (d.)
Cold and Malaria ANSWER: a BUY COURSE FROM STORE TO GET INSTANT ANSWER
AND EXPLANATION OF EACH QUESTION SPARK PCMB | DOWNLOAD APP NOW|
+91-920-630-6398 EXPLANATION: (a) Typhoid is caused by pathogenic
bacterium Salmonella typhi. It is spread by contaminated food and water.
Pneumonia is caused by bacteria Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus
influenza. It is spread by inhaling droplets/aerosol from infected
persons and sharing glasses and utensils with an infented person #QID#
26128 (3.) Which of the following is a protozoan disease? (a.) Malaria
(b.) Amoebiasis (c.) Sleeping sickness (d.) All of these ANSWER: d
EXPLANATION: (d) Malaria, amoebiasis and sleeping sickness all are
protozoan diseases caused by the protozoans Plasmodium, Amoeba and
Trypanosoma respectively. #QID# 26129 (4.) Antibody is connected with
(a.) Skeletal system (b.) Circulatory system (c.) Immune system (d.)
Respiratory system ANSWER: c BUY COURSE FROM STORE TO GET INSTANT ANSWER
+91-920-630-6398 EXPLANATION: (c) Antibody is connected with immune
system. B-lymphocytes or B-cells produce an army of proteins called
antibodies in blood, in response to pathogens #QID# 26130 (5.) Which of
the following vaccines are injected to babies at age of 1 1 1 1 , 2 and
3 2 2 2 months? (a.) DPT-Hib and polio (b.) Polio and BCG (c.) BCG and
DPT-Hib (d.) BCG and hepatitis-B ANSWER: a EXPLANATION: (a) Vaccination
schedule for babies(for first six months) comprises- Age Vaccination
Three Dose Birth- 12 month s DTP- Hib(diphtheria, whooping
cough/pertussis and tetanus)and Haemophilus influenzae type-
BPolioHepatiti 121 1 , 2 ,3 1 2 2 months 1 1 1 1 ,2 ,3 2 2 2 monthsB
irth, 1 month, 6 monthsO ne dose BUY COURSE FROM STORE TO GET INSTANT
ANSWER AND EXPLANATION OF EACH QUESTION SPARK PCMB | DOWNLOAD APP NOW|
+91-920-630-6398 s-B and ABCG against TB(Bacillus Calmette Guerin) #QID#
26131 (6.) Interferons protect healthy cells in human from (a.) Viral
infection (b.) Bacterial infection (c.) Fungal infection (d.) Protozoan
infection ANSWER: a EXPLANATION: (a) Interferons block viral
reproduction in healthy cells #QID# 26132 (7.) During an allergic
reaction, the binding of antigens to IgE antibodies initiates a
response, in which chemicals cause the dilation of blood vessels and a
host of other physiological changes. Such chemicals are (a.) Interferons
(b.) Hormones (c.) Histamines (d.) acetylamine ANSWER: c BUY COURSE FROM
STORE TO GET INSTANT ANSWER AND EXPLANATION OF EACH QUESTION SPARK PCMB
| DOWNLOAD APP NOW| +91-920-630-6398 EXPLANATION: (c) Histamine is
released from mast cells during allergic reactions. Histamine can occur
in various tissues but is concentrated in connective tissue. It is
formed from the amino acids histidine . It causes dilation and increases
permeability of small blood vessels, which results in such symptoms as
localised swelling, itching, sneezing and runny eyes and nose. #QID#
26133 (8.) Colostrum provides the infant with (a.) Autoimmunity (b.)
Passive immunity (c.) Active immunity (d.) Innate immunity ANSWER: b
EXPLANATION: (b) The acquisition of the antibodies in colostrum by an
infant is an example of (naturally acquired) passive immunity. The
yellowish fluid colostrum secreted by mother during the initial days of
lactation has abundant antibodies (IgA) to protect the infant #QID#
26134 (9.) Which class of antibodies is abundant in body secretion (a.)
IgM (b.) IgA (c.) IgG (d.) IgE BUY COURSE FROM STORE TO GET INSTANT
+91-920-630-6398 ANSWER: b EXPLANATION: (b) IgA. IgA antibody is
secretory antibody and is present abundantly in mucous linings of
gastrointestinal, respiratory and genitourinary tracts, tears, colostrum
and saliva. Thus, secretory IgA contributes to the humoral defense
mechanism against the pathogens on mucosal surfaces #QID# 26135 (10.)
Which of the following cells are related with inflammatory reactions and
immediate hypersensitivity? (a.) Mast cells (b.) Plasma cells (c.) Both
(a) and (b.) (d.) All of these ANSWER: a EXPLANATION: (a) Mast cells are
involved in inflammatory reactions and immediate sensitivity allergic
reactions because immunoglobulins IgE is found to the surface of mast
cells and release histamine. #QID# 26136 (11.) ELISA is used to detect
viruses, where the key reagent is (a.) DNA probe BUY COURSE FROM STORE
TO GET INSTANT ANSWER AND EXPLANATION OF EACH QUESTION SPARK PCMB |
DOWNLOAD APP NOW| +91-920-630-6398 (b.) RNA Aase (c.) Alkaline
phosphatase (d.) Catalase ANSWER: c EXPLANATION: (c) The enzymes used
for labelling in ELISA include horse radish peroxidase, alkaline
phosphataes,  -galactosidase, lactoperoxidase, etc. #QID# 26137 (12.)
Which of the following health disorder includes symptoms of fever,
chills, cough, headache, gray or bluish lips and finger’s nails? (a.)
Filariasis (b.) Typhoid (c.) Pneumonia (d.) Malaria ANSWER: c
EXPLANATION: (c) The symptoms of pneumonia includes fever, chills, cough
and headache. In severe cases, the lips and finger nails may turn gray
to bluish in colour #QID# 26138 (13.) What is the main lymphoid organ
where all blood cells including lymphocytes are produced? (a.) Bone
marrow BUY COURSE FROM STORE TO GET INSTANT ANSWER AND EXPLANATION OF
EACH QUESTION SPARK PCMB | DOWNLOAD APP NOW| +91-920-630-6398 (b.)
Tonsils (c.) Liver (d.) Spleen ANSWER: a EXPLANATION: (a) Blood cells
are made in the bone marrow. Erythrocytes or red blood cells, are
constantly being produced and released from marrow tissue. Leukocytes or
white blood cells are also produced in the bone marrow. B-cells are
leukocytes that are made and mature in the bone marrow while T-cells
mature in thymus #QID# 26139 (14.) The tendency of the body to manifest
a characteristic and unpleasant withdrawal syndrome on abrupt
discontinuation of regular dose of drugs/alcohol is called (a.)
Depression (b.) Dependence (c.) Abnormalty (d.) All of these ANSWER: b
EXPLANATION: (b) The tendency of the body to manifest a characteristic
and unpleasant withdrawal syndrome on abrupt discontinuation of regular
dose of drugs/alcohol is called dependence #QID# 26140 BUY COURSE FROM
| DOWNLOAD APP NOW| +91-920-630-6398 (15.) Regarding common cold
consider the following statements I. Rhinovirus is responsible for
common cold which infects the nasal epithelium and respiratory passage
but not the lungs II. The symptoms of common cold included nasal
congestion and discharge, sore throat, gruffiness, cough, headache and
tiredness Which of the statement given above is/are correct? (a.) Only I
(b.) Only II (c.) I and II (d.) None of these ANSWER: c EXPLANATION: (c)
Rhinovirus represents one such group of viruses, which causes one of the
most infectious human ailments- the common cold. They infect the nose
and respiratory passage. Symptoms of common cold are nasal congestion
and discharge, sore throat, hoarseness, cough, headache, tiredness, etc.
#QID# 26141 (16.) Mast cells have important role in the development of
(a.) Allergens (b.) Allergy (c.) Inflammation (d.) Both (b) and (c)
ANSWER: d EXPLANATION: (d) BUY COURSE FROM STORE TO GET INSTANT ANSWER
+91-920-630-6398 Mast cells play a critical role in allergy and
inflammation. Allergy is due to the release of chemicals like histamine
and serotonin from the mast cells #QID# 26142 (17.) Which of the
following is related to humoral immunity? (a.) T-lymphocyte (b.) B-
lymphocyte (c.) I- lymphocyte (d.) P- lymphocyte ANSWER: b EXPLANATION:
(b) The term humor refers to plasma and lymph. B-lymphocytes mature
within the bone marrow. The progeny of B-cells differentiate into memory
B-cells and effector B-cells called plasma cells. A single plasma cell
can secrete more than 2000 molecule of antibody per second. Secreted
antibodies are major effector molecules of humoral immunity. #QID# 26143
(18.) Note the following words. I. Skin II. Phagocytes III.B-cells IV.
Inflammation V. Antibodies VI. T-cells VII. Fever VIII. Antimicrobial
proteins IX. NK-cells X. Secretions Identify the factors involved in
second line of defence. (a.) II, IV, VII and IX (b.) II, III, V and IX
(c.) IV, VI, VIII and X BUY COURSE FROM STORE TO GET INSTANT ANSWER AND
EXPLANATION OF EACH QUESTION SPARK PCMB | DOWNLOAD APP NOW|
+91-920-630-6398 (d.) III, V, VII and VIII ANSWER: a EXPLANATION: (a)
The second line of non-specific defence is primarily dependent upon
neutrophils and macrophages, phagocytic white cells (phagocytes) in
blood and lymph. Natural killer cells (NK-cells) also participate in it.
The temperature response results in a fever that stimulates
phagocytosis, inhibits microbial growth and reduces blood iron levels.
#QID# 26144 (19.) BCG vaccine is used against (a.) TB (b.) Leprosy (c.)
Food poisoning (d.) None of these ANSWER: a EXPLANATION: (a) BCG vaccine
is used against TB (tuberculosis), which is a bacterial disease caused
by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. BCG vaccine was developed by Calmette and
Guerin. #QID# 26145 (20.) Allergens are (a.) Infectious and increased
secretion of IgE BUY COURSE FROM STORE TO GET INSTANT ANSWER AND
+91-920-630-6398 (b.) Non-infectious and increased secretion of IgE (c.)
Infectious and increased secretion of IgG (d.) Non-infectious and
increased secretion of IgM ANSWER: b EXPLANATION: (b) Allergens are
non-infections foreign substances that cause allergic reaction. The
common allergens are dust, pollen, mould spores, fabrics, lipsticks,
nailpaints, fur, heat, bacteria, etc. Allergy involves mainly the
secretion of IgE antibodies and histamine. The allergy causes marked
dilation of all the peripheral blood vessels. #QID# 26146 (21.) Smoking
results in ...A... build up in the blood and reduce ...B... delivery to
the tissue. Here A and B refers to (a.) A-carbon dioxide; B-carbon
monoxide (b.) A-carbon dioxide; B-oxygen (c.) A-carbon monoxide;
B-oxygen (d.) A-oxygen; B-carbon monoxide ANSWER: c EXPLANATION: (c)
A-Carbon monoxide; B-Oxygen. Smoking increases carbon monoxide (CO)
content in the blood and reduces the concentration of haembound oxygen.
This causes oxygen deficiency in the body BUY COURSE FROM STORE TO GET
INSTANT ANSWER AND EXPLANATION OF EACH QUESTION SPARK PCMB | DOWNLOAD
APP NOW| +91-920-630-6398 #QID# 26147 (22.) What is true about
T-lymphocytes is mammals? (a.) They scavenge damaged cells and cellular
debris (b.) These are produced in thyroid (c.) There are three main
types-cyctotoxic T-cells, helper T-cells and suppressor T-cells (d.)
These originate in lymphoid tissues ANSWER: c EXPLANATION: (c) The
function of T-cells is to provide immunity (cellular type) and not to
scavenge damaged cells and cells and cell debris. These are produced in
bone marrow and mature in thymus. Hence, the only true statement is that
there are three types of T-cells, i.e., cytotoxic, helper and
suppressor. #QID# 26148 (23.) The thymus is a lobed organ located near
the ...A... and beneath the ...B... . The most appropriate combination
for A and B is (a.) A-heart; B-breast bone (b.) A-liver; B-ribs (c.)
A-heart; B-ribs (d.) A-intestine; B-ribs ANSWER: a EXPLANATION: (a) BUY
COURSE FROM STORE TO GET INSTANT ANSWER AND EXPLANATION OF EACH QUESTION
SPARK PCMB | DOWNLOAD APP NOW| +91-920-630-6398 The thymus is a lobed
organ located near the heart and beneath the breast bone, consisting
mainly of lymphatic tissue and serving as the site of T-cell
differentiation #QID# 26149 (24.) Exotoxins are related with (a.)
Tetanus (b.) Diphtheria (c.) Cancer (d.) Both (a) and (b) ANSWER: c
EXPLANATION: (c) Pathogenic bacteria cause illness by producing toxins.
These toxins (poisons) are of two types extoxins and endotoxins .
Exotoxins are proteins secreted by the bacterial cells, they are
sensitive to chemical, light and heat, e.g., Tetanus and Diphtheria
causing bacteria #QID# 26150 (25.) Bacterium, which is concerned with
pertussis is (a.) Bordetella pertussis (b.) Bacillus (c.) Diplococcus
(d.) Mycobacterium tuberculum ANSWER: a EXPLANATION: (a) BUY COURSE FROM
| DOWNLOAD APP NOW| +91-920-630-6398 Pertussis (whooping coug) is caused
by bacterium Brodetalla Pertussis, (whooping cough) is caused by
bacterium Bordetella pertussis, a rod shaped Gram(-)ve bacterium. It is
the most dangerous disease of childhood, and affects respiratory passage
resulting in there inflammation in association with cold cough, etc.
#QID# 26151 (26.) Entamoebahistolytica is causes (a.) Malaria (b.)
Amoebiasis (c.) Typhoid (d.) Filariasis ANSWER: b EXPLANATION: (b)
Amoebiasis is an infection of intestine caused by the parasite Entamoeba
histolytica #QID# 26152 (27.) Consider the following statements I.
Neural system and endocrine system influences our immune system II.
Immune system maintains our health Which of the statement (s) given
above is/are correct? (a.) Only I (b.) Only II (c.) I and II (d.) None
of these BUY COURSE FROM STORE TO GET INSTANT ANSWER AND EXPLANATION OF
EACH QUESTION SPARK PCMB | DOWNLOAD APP NOW| +91-920-630-6398 ANSWER: c
EXPLANATION: (c) Nervous system and endocrine system directly influence
our immune system. Our immune system have three line of defence when it
comes to fighting illnesses and infectious diseases #QID# 26153 (28.)
Electrocardiograph was developed by (a.) Hans Berger (b.) Willem Kolff
(c.) Willen Einthoven (d.) Wilhelm Roentgen ANSWER: c EXPLANATION: (c)
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) technique was developed by Felix Block
and Edward M Purcell. This technique relies on the Nuclear Magnetic
Resonance (NMR). MRI detects water because it focuses on the behaviour
of hydrogen atoms in water molecule. It is especially useful in studying
brain and spinal cord. Scapula and canine are osteocytic structures with
negligible water content so, they do not appear in MRI #QID# 26154 (29.)
Which of the given sets include lymphatic organs? (a.) Thymus, lymph
nodes and spleen (b.) Liver, spleen and thymus BUY COURSE FROM STORE TO
GET INSTANT ANSWER AND EXPLANATION OF EACH QUESTION SPARK PCMB |
DOWNLOAD APP NOW| +91-920-630-6398 (c.) Tonsils, Peyer’s patches and
liver (d.) Thymus, liver and tonsils ANSWER: a EXPLANATION: (a) The
primary lymphoid organs are bone marrow and thymus. The secondary
lymphoid organs are spleen, lymph nodes, tonsils, Peyer’s patches of
small intestine and appendix #QID# 26155 (30.) Secondary metabolite is
(a.) Sugar (b.) Glucose (c.) Antibiotics (d.) All of these ANSWER: c
EXPLANATION: (c) The chemical compounds which are produced as by
–products of cellular metabolism and are not essential for the survival
and growth of organisms, which produce them are called secondary
metabolite, e.g., alkaloids, steroids, tannins, resins, antibiotics,
etc. #QID# 26156 (31.) Identify the molecules A and B given below and
select the right option giving their use and source BUY COURSE FROM
| DOWNLOAD APP NOW| +91-920-630-6398 Molecule Use Source (a.) A Morphine
Sedative and pain killer Latex − of poppy plant Molecule Use Source (b.)
B Cannabinoid Product marijuana Atropa b − elladona Molecule Use Source
(c.) C Heroin Produces hallucinations Cannabi − s sativa Molecule Use
Source (d.) D Cocaine Accelerates the Erythroxylum coca transport of
dopamine − Molecule Use Source ANSWER: a EXPLANATION: (a) Morphine is a
potent opiate analgesic drug that is used to relieve severe pain.
Morphine is the most abundant opiate found in opium, the dried latex
extracted by shallowly slicing the unripe seed pods of the Papaver
somniferum poppy #QID# 26157 (32.) By recombinant DNA technology,
vaccines have been produced on large scale, eg. ., hepatitis-B vaccine
is produced from yeast The above paragraph is (a.) True (b.) False BUY
SPARK PCMB | DOWNLOAD APP NOW| +91-920-630-6398 (c.) Sometimes (a) and
sometimes (b.) (d.) Neither (a) nor (b) ANSWER: b EXPLANATION: (b)
Recombinant DNA technology has allowed the production of antigenic
polypeptides of pathogen in bacteria or yeast. Vaccines produced using
this approach in bacteria or yeast, allow large scale production and
hence greater availability for immunization, eg. ., hepatitis-B vaccine
produced from yeast #QID# 26158 (33.) What is injected into the
patient’s body the determining the cause of allergy? (a.) Pure allergen
to which the patient is allergic (b.) IgG (c.) IgE (d.) Steroids ANSWER:
a EXPLANATION: (a) For determining the cause of allergy, the patient is
exposed to or injected with very small doses of possible allergens, and
the reactions studied #QID# 26159 (34.) ‘Tunnel vision’ is associated
with. (a.) Alcoholism BUY COURSE FROM STORE TO GET INSTANT ANSWER AND
+91-920-630-6398 (b.) Smoking (c.) Drug addiction (d.) epilepsy ANSWER:
a EXPLANATION: (a) Tunnel vision is associated with alcoholism. Tunnel
vision is the loss of peripheral vision with retention of central vision
resulting in a constructed circular tunnel like field of vision. #QID#
26160 (35.) Which of the following is not a part of secondary lymphatic
system? (a.) Spleen (b.) Lymph nodes (c.) Tonsils (d.) Thymus ANSWER: d
EXPLANATION: (d) Liver is not a part of the secondary lymphatic system.
The secondary lymphoid organs are spleen, lymph nodes, tonsils, Peyer’s
patches of small intestine and appendix #QID# 26161 (36.) Which of the
following toxic substances is responsible for the high malarial fever?
BUY COURSE FROM STORE TO GET INSTANT ANSWER AND EXPLANATION OF EACH
QUESTION SPARK PCMB | DOWNLOAD APP NOW| +91-920-630-6398 (a.)
Haemoglobin (b.) Haemocyanin (c.) Haemozoin (d.) Haemoriden ANSWER: c
EXPLANATION: (c) Release of a toxic substance, haemozoin is responsible
for chill and high malarial fever #QID# 26162 (37.) Bambykol or gyplure
is a (a.) Drug (b.) Harmone (c.) Antibiotic (d.) pheromone ANSWER: d
EXPLANATION: (d) Bombykol or gyplure is a insect pheromone. #QID# 26163
(38.) A chemical substance produce produced by a microorganism for
inhibiting the growth of another is (a.) Antibody (b.) Antibiotic BUY
SPARK PCMB | DOWNLOAD APP NOW| +91-920-630-6398 (c.) Aflatoxin (d.)
Antiallergic ANSWER: b EXPLANATION: (b) Antibiotic is a substance
produced by microorganism that even in low concentration can inhibit or
kill other microorganism, e.g., penicillin produced by the fungus
Penicillium chrysogenum prevents the reproduction of many bacteria by
preventing cell wall synthesis. #QID# 26164 (39.) Carcinoma refers to
(a.) Malignant tumour of the colon (b.) Benign tumour of the connective
tissue (c.) Malignant tumour of the connective tissue (d.) Malignant
tumour of the skin or mucous membrane ANSWER: d EXPLANATION: (d)
Carcinoma is a malignant or metastatic tumour. It can extend to the
neighbouring cells, this process is called as metastasis. These tumours
are generally lacated in epithelial tissue and glands, e.g., breast
cancer, skin cancer, stomach cancer, lung cancer, pancreas cancer, etc.
#QID# 26165 (40.) Who among the following is recognized as the father of
immunology? BUY COURSE FROM STORE TO GET INSTANT ANSWER AND EXPLANATION
OF EACH QUESTION SPARK PCMB | DOWNLOAD APP NOW| +91-920-630-6398 (a.)
Robert Koch (b.) Ferdinand Kohn (c.) Edward Jenner (d.) Louis Pasteur
ANSWER: c EXPLANATION: (c) Edward Jenner is recognized as father of
Immunology. Louis Pasteur is recognized as father of Microbiology.
Robert Koch is considered as father of Bacteriology. #QID# 26166 (41.)
Heroin is a (a.) Diacetyl morphine (b.) Morphine (c.) Hemp (d.)
Stimulant ANSWER: a EXPLANATION: (a) Heroin or smack is obtained by
acetylation of morphine as a white, odourless, bitter, crystalline
compound #QID# 26167 (42.) Monoclonal antibodies are used for (a.)
Immune suppression for kidney transplantation BUY COURSE FROM STORE TO
DOWNLOAD APP NOW| +91-920-630-6398 (b.) Growth induction (c.)
Suppression of symptoms of rabies (d.) Treatment of breast cancer
ANSWER: a EXPLANATION: (a) During organ transplantation, to prevent
rejection of donor organ, the recipient is given immunosuppressant drugs
having challenging β − cells (plasma cells.). These antibodies are
called monoclonal antibodies. #QID# 26168 (43.) Non-specific host
defence that exists prior to the exposure to an antigen is called (a.)
Acquired immunity (b.) Passive immunity (c.) Innate immunity (d.) Active
immunity ANSWER: c EXPLANATION: (c) Innate immunity is present from the
birth and it is inherited from parents. It is non-specific #QID# 26169
(44.) Cancer of the internal organs is detected by (a.) Radiography BUY
SPARK PCMB | DOWNLOAD APP NOW| +91-920-630-6398 (b.) Computed tomography
(c.) Magnetic resonance imaging (d.) All of the above ANSWER: d
EXPLANATION: (d) Techniques like radiography (use of X-rays). CT
(Computed Tomography) and MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) are very
useful to detect cancers of the internal organs. Computed tomography
uses X-rays to generate a three- dimensional image of the internals of
an object MRI uses strong magnetic fields and non-ionising radiations to
accurately detect pathological and physiological changes in the living
tissues #QID# 26170 (45.) Full form PMNL is (a.) Poly Morpho-nuclear
Leukocytes (b.) Para Morpho-nuclear Lymphocytes (c.) Penta
Morpho-nuclear Leukocytes (d.) Poly Morpho-nuclear Lymphocytes ANSWER: a
EXPLANATION: (a) Polymorpho-nuclear leukocytes #QID# 26171 BUY COURSE
FROM STORE TO GET INSTANT ANSWER AND EXPLANATION OF EACH QUESTION SPARK
PCMB | DOWNLOAD APP NOW| +91-920-630-6398 (46.) A doctor advises a
patient to include yellow fruits, carrots and butter in his diet. What
deficiency disease do you think the patient is suffering from? (a.)
Night blindness (b.) Colour blindness (c.) Kwashiorkor diseases (d.)
Marasmus disease ANSWER: a EXPLANATION: (a) Night blindness (nyctalopia)
is caused due o deficiency of vitamin-A. The parent substance of
vitamin-A is  -carotene, which is called a provitamin. It is obtained
from fish, liver, oils, milk, carrot, spinach, tomatoes, etc. #QID#
26172 (47.) Which one of the following is correctly matched? (a.) Body
louse - Typhoid (b.) House fly - Yellow fever (c.) Anopheles - Malaria
(d.) Aedes - Plague ANSWER: c EXPLANATION: (c) Malaria is widely known
human disease caused by infection with pathogenic protozoan, the
Plasmodium. Female Anopheles mosquitoes transmit Plasmodium from person
to person. BUY COURSE FROM STORE TO GET INSTANT ANSWER AND EXPLANATION
OF EACH QUESTION SPARK PCMB | DOWNLOAD APP NOW| +91-920-630-6398 #QID#
26173 (48.) To which type of barriers under innate immunity? Saliva in
the mouth and the tears from the eyes belongs? (a.) Cytokine barriers
(b.) Cellular barriers (c.) Physiological barriers (d.) physical
barriers ANSWER: c EXPLANATION: (c) Physicological barriers like body
temperature, pH of the body fluid and various body secretion (saliva,
tears) prevent the growth of many disease causing microorganisms. #QID#
26174 (49.) After drinking alcohol, a person walks clumsily because, the
alcohol affects his (a.) Cerebellum (b.) Cerebrum (c.) Medulla oblongata
(d.) Spinal cord ANSWER: a EXPLANATION: (a) Alcoholism is dependency of
a person on regular consumption of alcohol. In this cerebellum becomes
affected which results the loss of muscle coordination so, affected
person shows staggering gait and incoherent speech. BUY COURSE FROM
| DOWNLOAD APP NOW| +91-920-630-6398 #QID# 26175 (50.) An uncontrolled
division or proliferation of cells without any differentiation is called
(a.) Cancer (b.) AIDS (c.) Filariasis (d.) None of these ANSWER: a
EXPLANATION: (a) Cancer is defined as an uncontrolled division or
proliferation of cells without any differentiation #QID# 26176 (51.)
AIDS virus is also known as (a.) HIV (b.) HTL V-III (c.) LAV (d.) All of
these ANSWER: d EXPLANATION: (d) HIV is Human Immunodeficiency virus,
HTLV-III is human T-Lymphotrophic Virus type-III, LAV is Lymphadenopthy
Associated virus. All are the name of AIDS virus. BUY COURSE FROM STORE
DOWNLOAD APP NOW| +91-920-630-6398 #QID# 26177 (52.) Opioids are the
drugs, which bind to specific opioid receptors present in our (a.)
Central nervous system (b.) Gastrointestinal tract (c.) Both (a) and
(b.) (d.) Urinogenital system ANSWER: c EXPLANATION: (c) Opioids are the
drugs, which binds to specific opioid receptors present in our central
nervous system and gastro intestinal tract #QID# 26178 (53.) Which one
of the followin pairs is not correctly matched? (a.) Streptomyces -
Antibiotic (b.) Serratia - Drug Addiction (c.) Spirulina - Single cell
protein (d.) Rhizobium - Biofertilizer ANSWER: d EXPLANATION: (d)
Serratia is a harmful human pathogen, which has been known to cause
urinary tract infections, wound infections, pneumonia. BUY COURSE FROM
| DOWNLOAD APP NOW| +91-920-630-6398 #QID# 26179 (54.) Cocaine is
obtained from (a.) Erythroxylum coca (b.) Cannabis sativa (c.) Datura
(d.) Opium plant ANSWER: a EXPLANATION: (a) Cocaine is a crystalline
alkaloid that is obtained from the leaves of the coca plant
(Erythroxylum coca) #QID# 26180 (55.) How many variable segments are
present in the basic structure of antibody molecules? (a.) One (b.) Two
(c.) Three (d.) Four ANSWER: d EXPLANATION: (d) An antibody molecule has
four peptide chains, two small called light chains and two longer,
called heavy chains. Hence, an antibody is represented as 2 2 H C . BUY
SPARK PCMB | DOWNLOAD APP NOW| +91-920-630-6398 #QID# 26181 (56.) The
incubation period for hepatitis-B virus is (a.) 15-20 days (b.) 30-180
days (c.) 42-56 days (d.) One weak ANSWER: b EXPLANATION: (b) Incubation
period of hepatitis-B virus is form 30 to 180 days. #QID# 26182 (57.)
Main barrier which prevents the entry of disease’s causing organism in
our body is (a.) Skin (b.) Saliva (c.) Lymphocytes (d.) Interferons
ANSWER: a EXPLANATION: (a) Skin on our body is the main barrier, which
prevents entry of the microorganisms. Mucous coating of the epithelium
lining the respiratory, gastrointestinal and urogenital tracts also help
in trapping microbes entering our body #QID# 26183 BUY COURSE FROM STORE
DOWNLOAD APP NOW| +91-920-630-6398 (58.) The primary host of Plasmodium
is (a.) Man (b.) Male Culex (c.) sheep (d.) Female Anopheles ANSWER: d
EXPLANATION: (d) Plasmodium is protozoan parasite, which causes malaria
in human beings. The primary host of it is female Anopheles mosquito.
#QID# 26184 (59.) An example of gene therapy is (a.) Production of
injectable hepatitis-B vaccine (b.) Production of vaccines in food crops
like potatoes which can be eaten (c.) Introduction of gene for adenosine
deaminase in persons suffering from Severe Combined Immuno
Deficiency(SCID) (d.) Production of test tube babies by artificial
insemination and implantation of fertilized eggs ANSWER: c EXPLANATION:
(c) The treatment of inherited diseases by introducing wild type copies
of the defective gene is called gene therapy, for example, introduction
of gene for adenosine deaminase in person suffering from Severe Combined
Immuno- deficiency (SCID). BUY COURSE FROM STORE TO GET INSTANT ANSWER
+91-920-630-6398 #QID# 26185 (60.) Two of the body parts, which do not
appear in MRI may be (a.) Molar teeth and eye lens (b.) Scapula and
canines (c.) Ligaments and ribs (d.) Tendons and premolars ANSWER: b
EXPLANATION: (b) ECG (Electro Cardiograph) is a record of difference in
electric potential during the working of heart. Human ECG is recorded as
PQRST. #QID# 26186 (61.) Regarding pathogens consider the following
statements I. A pathogen or an infectious agent is a microorganism, such
as a virus, bacterium, fungus that causes disease in its host II. These
pathogens multiply in our body and interfere with the normal vital
activities, resulting in morphological and functional damage Which of
the following statement (s) is/are correct? (a.) Only I (b.) Only II
(c.) I and II (d.) None of these ANSWER: c EXPLANATION: (c) BUY COURSE
PCMB | DOWNLOAD APP NOW| +91-920-630-6398 A pathogen is a
microorganisms, such as a virus, bacteria, fungus that causes disease in
its host. These pathogens multiply in our body and interfere with the
normal vital activities, resulting in morphological and functional
damage #QID# 26187 (62.) Which one the following statements is false?
(a.) Psychoactive drugs have the ability to alter the activity of the
nervous system (b.) Adolescence is marked by accelerated physical
growth, development of reproductive organs and changes in functioning of
the neuroendocrine system (c.) Hallucinogen can alter a person’s
thoughts, feeling and perceptions (d.) Mescaline is a stimulant ANSWER:
d EXPLANATION: (d) Mescaline is a water soluble, alkaloid, obtained from
the crowns of cactus Lophophora (Echinococus) williamsii. These dried
crown or mescal buttons cause hallucinations, when chewed. #QID# 26188
(63.) Active immunity development is related to (a.) Natural killer
cells (b.) Memory cells (c.) Helper T-cells (d.) Suppressor T-cells
ANSWER: b BUY COURSE FROM STORE TO GET INSTANT ANSWER AND EXPLANATION OF
EACH QUESTION SPARK PCMB | DOWNLOAD APP NOW| +91-920-630-6398
EXPLANATION: (b) Active immunity development is related to memory cells,
when B-cells and T- cells are activated by a pathogen, memory B-cells
and T-cells develop #QID# 26189 (64.) Housefly is a vector of (a.)
Amoebiasis (b.) Swine flu (c.) Filariasis (d.) Dengue ANSWER: a
EXPLANATION: (a) House files act as mechanical carriers and serve to
transmit the parasite of amoebiasis from faeces of infected person to
food and food products #QID# 26190 (65.) Which of the following are
considered as cellular barrier of the body? (a.) Lymphocytes (b.)
Neutrophils (c.) Macrophages (d.) All of these ANSWER: d EXPLANATION:
(d) BUY COURSE FROM STORE TO GET INSTANT ANSWER AND EXPLANATION OF EACH
QUESTION SPARK PCMB | DOWNLOAD APP NOW| +91-920-630-6398 All of these.
Certain types of leukocytes (WBC) of our body like Polymorpho-Nuclear
Leukocytes (PMNL-neutrophils), monocytes and natural killer (type of
lymphocytes) in the blood as well as macrophages in tissues can
phagocytose and destroy microbes. These all are cellular barriers #QID#
26191 (66.) Nobel Prize for medicine was given for confirming the role
of Helicobacter pylori in causing (a.) Nephritis (b.) Rhinitis (c.)
Bronchitis (d.) Peptic ulcer ANSWER: d EXPLANATION: (d) Barry J Marshall
and Robin warren got Noble Prize in 2005 for discovery of the bacterium
Helicobacter pylori and its role in gastritis and peptic ulcers. #QID#
26192 (67.) Inflammatory response in allergy is due to the release of
...... from the mast cells (a.) Antigen (b.) Antibody (c.) Histamine
(d.) None of these ANSWER: c BUY COURSE FROM STORE TO GET INSTANT ANSWER
+91-920-630-6398 EXPLANATION: (c) The granules of mast cells are loaded
with histamine. Histamine increases the blood flow to the area and the
leakage of fluid and proteins from the blood into the tissue space.
Thus, the quick release of histamine produces the redness and swelling
associated with inflammation #QID# 26193 (68.) Consider the following
statements. Health is a combination of I. complete physical health II.
mental health III. social health Which of the statements given above are
correct? (a.) I and II (b.) I and III (c.) II and III (d.) I, II and III
ANSWER: d EXPLANATION: (d) Health is a state of complete physical,
mental and social well being. Health increases the longevity of people
and reduces infant and maternal mortality rate #QID# 26194 (69.)
Yersinia pestis is responsible for (a.) Syphilis (b.) Whooping cough BUY
SPARK PCMB | DOWNLOAD APP NOW| +91-920-630-6398 (c.) Plague (d.) Leprosy
ANSWER: c EXPLANATION: (c) Bubonic plague (black death) is caused by
Yersinia pestis (formerly Pasteurella pastis) bacteria. #QID# 26195
(70.) Modern lifestyle is responsible for (a.) Lowering of immunity (b.)
More sensitivity of allergens (c.) Both (a) and (b.) (d.) None of the
above ANSWER: c EXPLANATION: (c) Modern-day lifestyle has resulted in
lowering of immunity and more sensitivity to allergens. More and more
children in metro cities of India suffer from allergies and asthma due
to sensitivity to the environment #QID# 26196 (71.) Products from plants
like Datura sp. are (a.) Hallucinogen (b.) Stimulants (c.) Sedatives BUY
SPARK PCMB | DOWNLOAD APP NOW| +91-920-630-6398 (d.) Pain killers
ANSWER: a EXPLANATION: (a) Products from plants like Datura sp. are
hallucinogens, Hallucinogens are a diverse group of drugs that cause an
alteration in perception, thought or mood #QID# 26197 (72.) The
‘Christmas disease’ patient lacks antihaemophilic (a.) Homogentisic acid
oxidase (b.) Factor-VIII (c.) Factor-XI (d.) Factor-IX ANSWER: d
EXPLANATION: (d) The christmas disease patient lacks anti-haemophilic
factor-IX. #QID# 26198 (73.) Acquired immunity is due to (a.)
Physiological and inflammatory barriers (b.) Lymphocytes (c.)
Erythrocytes (d.) NK-cells ANSWER: c BUY COURSE FROM STORE TO GET
APP NOW| +91-920-630-6398 EXPLANATION: (c) The resistance that an
individual acquires during life is called acquried immunity. Two major
group of cells, i.e., lymphocytes (B and T-lymphocytes) and antigen
presenting cells are involved in acquried immunity. #QID# 26199 (74.)
The human immune system consists of (a.) Lymphoid organs (b.) Immune
cells (c.) Antibodies (d.) All of these ANSWER: d EXPLANATION: (d) The
human immune system consists of lymphoid organs, lymphoid tissues,
immune cells and soluble molecules like antibodies #QID# 26200 (75.)
AIDS day is (a.) 1 May (b.) 1 December (c.) 1 June (d.) 1 January
EXPLANATION: (b) AIDS day is 1st December #QID# 26201 (76.) IgA, IgM,
IgE and IgG are the example of (a.) Antigen (b.) Antibody (c.)
Haemoglobin (d.) Lymphocytes ANSWER: b EXPLANATION: (b) Antibodies are
protein molecules called immunoglobulins and are of five types. i.e.,
IgA, IgM, IgE, IgG and IgD #QID# 26202 (77.) A new born baby who
receives IgA form its mother’s milk develops (a.) Naturally acquired
active immunity (b.) Artificially acquired active immunity (c.)
Naturally acquired passive immunity (d.) Artificially acquired passive
immunity ANSWER: c EXPLANATION: (c) BUY COURSE FROM STORE TO GET INSTANT
+91-920-630-6398 The type of antibody present in colostrum secreted by
mammary gland during the initial days of lactation is IgA. The
acquisition of the antibodies in colostrum by an infant is an example of
(naturally acquired) passive immunity #QID# 26203 (78.) The virus that
cases Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) parasitizes in (a.)
B-cells (b.) Cytotoxic cells (c.) Helper T-cells (d.) Lymph nodes
ANSWER: c EXPLANATION: (c) The virus that causes acquired immune
deficiency syndrome parasitizes in helper T-cells. These virus reduces
the number of helper T-cells #QID# 26204 (79.) Antigen binding site in
an antibody is found between (a.) Two light chains (b.) Two heavy chains
(c.) One heavy and one light chain (d.) Either between two light chains
or between one heavy and one light chain depending upon the nature of
antigen ANSWER: c EXPLANATION: (c) BUY COURSE FROM STORE TO GET INSTANT
+91-920-630-6398 A typical antibody monomer has four protien chains,
i.e., two identical light (L) chains and two identical heavy (H) chains.
The chains are joined by disulphide links and other bonds to from a
Y-shaped structure. Both the heavy (H) and light (L) chains have
variable regions at the ends of Y arms. The variable region from one
light chain (L) and one heavy chain (H)from one antigen binding site.
Hence, each antibody has two antigen binding sites. #QID# 26205 (80.)
The flower tops, leaves and the resin of Cannabis sativa are used to
produce (a.) Marijuana (b.) Hashish (c.) Charas (d.) All of these
ANSWER: d EXPLANATION: (d) The flower tops, leaves and the resin of
Cannabis sativa are used to produce marijuana, hashish, charas and ganja
#QID# 26206 (81.) Chagas disease is caused by (a.) Trypanosoma gambiense
(b.) Plasmodium sp. (c.) Trypanosome cruzi (d.) Treponema pallidum
EXPLANATION: (b) Chagas disease (American Trypanosomiasis) is caused by
Trypanosoma cruzi and spreads by assain or kissing bug (Panstrongilus
sp, Triatoma sp.) #QID# 26207 (82.) Dipsomania is (a.) A type of
depression (b.) Insanity due to psychosis (c.) Severe addiction to
alcohol (d.) Tendency to take much water ANSWER: c EXPLANATION: (c)
Dipsomania is a historicaly term describing a medical condition
involving severe abdiction to alcohol. The term was coined by the German
physician CW Hufeland 1819. #QID# 26208 (83.) Cells obtained from
cancerous tumours are known as (a.) Hybridomas (b.) Myelomas (c.)
Lymphocytes (d.) Monoclonal cells ANSWER: d BUY COURSE FROM STORE TO GET
APP NOW| +91-920-630-6398 EXPLANATION: (d) Myeloma is a type of cancer
that develops from plasma cells occurring in the bone marrow. It may
develop wherever the plasma cells occur. #QID# 26209 (84.) Consider the
following statements I. Opioids are the drugs, which bind to opioid
receptors in the central nervous system and gastrointestinal tract II.
Heroin is a white, odourless, bitter, crystalline compound III. Heroin
is commonly called smack Which of the statements given above are
correct? (a.) I and II (b.) I and III (c.) II and III (d.) I, II and III
ANSWER: d EXPLANATION: (d) Opioids are the drugs, which bind to opioid
receptors in the central nervous system and gastrointestinal tract.
Drugs derived from the extract of Opium poppy, eg. ., morphine, heroin,
brown sugar, etc. Heroin, commonly called smack is chemically
diacetylmorphine, which is a white, odourless, bitter, crystalline
compound. This is obtained by acetylation of morphine, which is
extracted from the latex of poppy plant Papaver somniferum #QID# 26210
(85.) Which of the following elements is important to maintain structure
of immunoglobulin? BUY COURSE FROM STORE TO GET INSTANT ANSWER AND
+91-920-630-6398 (a.) P (b.) Fe (c.) S (d.) Ca ANSWER: c EXPLANATION:
(c) Basically, each antibody molecule is Y-shaped protein molecule which
has identical halves. Each half contains a heavy and a light chain,
which are connected to each other by disulphide bonds, ie, S is
important element to maintain structure of immunoglobulin. #QID# 26211
(86.) In the cell mediated immuno response, T-lymphocytes divide and
secrete (a.) antigens (b.) Plasmogens (c.) Collagens (d.) cytokines
ANSWER: a EXPLANATION: (a) Neoplasm Malignant tumour Benign tumour
Initiation of new tumour Carcinoma Cancer of epithelial tissues Sarcoma
Bone, cartilage tissue, cancer Lymphoma Haematopoietic cell tumour BUY
smallest known agents of infectious diseases are (a.) Viruses (b.)
Mycoplasma (c.) Viroids (d.) Actinomycetes ANSWER: c EXPLANATION: (c)
Viroids are the smallest known disease causing agents. They are small,
low moleculer weight RNA particles. They lack proteinaceous capsid.
These are single stranded circle which due to internal base pairing
assume a nearly double helical structure. #QID# 26213 (88.) The group of
disease carried by insects is (a.) Typhoid, jaundice, dysentery (b.)
Mumps, measles, smallpox (c.) Scrabies, ringworm, scarlet fever (d.)
Malaria, filaria, yellow fever ANSWER: d EXPLANATION: (d) Mosquitoes are
carriers of malaria, filaria and yellow fever. Malaria ________
Anopheles mosquito(female) Fialariasis _______ Culex (female) Yellow
fever _________ Aedes(female) BUY COURSE FROM STORE TO GET INSTANT
+91-920-630-6398 #QID# 26214 (89.) The study of body’s defence mechanism
against pathogens and toxic molecules is known as (a.) Immunity (b.)
Immunology (c.) Defence (d.) Prevention ANSWER: b EXPLANATION: (b) The
study of body’s natural defence mechanism against, pathogens and toxic
molecules is known as immunology #QID# 26215 (90.) Which one of the
following is useful in identifying the different strains of a causal
microbe of an infectious disease? (a.) Colchicines (b.) Agrobacterium
(c.) Complementary DNA (d.) Crystal violet ANSWER: c EXPLANATION: (c)
Temin and Baltimore (1970) independently discovered enzyme reverse
transcriptase in retroviruses (RNA containing viruses). This enzyme can
be used BUY COURSE FROM STORE TO GET INSTANT ANSWER AND EXPLANATION OF
EACH QUESTION SPARK PCMB | DOWNLOAD APP NOW| +91-920-630-6398 to
construct a DNA copy, called complementary DNA (cDNA), of any RNA. Thus,
this technique can be used in identification of disease causing
infectious microbe. #QID# 26216 (91.) Which one of the following
correctly matches a Sexually Transmitted Disease (STD) with its
pathogen? (a.) AIDS ________ Bacillus anthracis (b.) Syphilis ________
Treponema pallidum (c.) Urethritis ________ Entamoeba gingivalis (d.)
Gonorrhoea ______ Leishmania donovani ANSWER: b EXPLANATION: (b)
Syphilis Treponema pallidum AIDS HIV Gonorrhoea Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Pyrrhoea Entamoeba gingivalis Anthrax Bacillus anthracis Uretheritis
Inflammation of the urethra by bacteria Disease Causative Organism #QID#
26217 (92.) When a person dies after stung by bee followed by the
administration of penicillin, death may be due to (a.) Prophylactic
shock (b.) Anaphylactic shock (c.) Autoimmunity BUY COURSE FROM STORE TO
DOWNLOAD APP NOW| +91-920-630-6398 (d.) Sedation ANSWER: b EXPLANATION:
(b) When a specific allergen (penicillin) is injected directly into the
circulation, the allergen can react with basophils of the blood and mast
cells in the tissues located immediately outside the small blood
vessels, if the basophils and mast cells have been sensitized by
attachment of IgE region. This is called anaphylactic shock. An
occasional person who experiences this reaction dies of circulatory
shock within a few minutes unless treated with epinephrine to oppose the
effects of histamine. #QID# 26218 (93.) Passive immunity can be obtained
through (a.) Antigen (b.) Vaccines (c.) Antibiotics (d.) Antibodies
ANSWER: d EXPLANATION: (d) Passive immunity results when antibodies are
produced by one individual and then acquired by another #QID# 26219
(94.) Which one of the following statements is correct? BUY COURSE FROM
| DOWNLOAD APP NOW| +91-920-630-6398 (a.) Patients, who had undergone
surgery are given cannabinoids to relieve pain (b.) Benign tumours show
the property of metastasis (c.) Heroin accelerates body functions (d.)
Malignant tumours may exhibit metastasis ANSWER: d EXPLANATION: (d)
Malignant tumour first grows slowly. No symptoms are noticed. This stage
is called the latent stage. The tumour later grows quickly.The cancer
cells go beyond adjacent tissue and enter the blood and lymph. Once this
happens, they migrate to many other sites in the body, where the cancer
cells continue to divide. It is metastasis. Only malignant tumours are
properly designated as cancer. #QID# 26220 (95.) Which of the following
statements best describes the role of reverse transcriptase? (a.)
Synthesis of RNA from genomic RNA (b.) Synthesis of DNA from genomic RNA
(c.) Synthesis of DNA from genomic RNA (d.) Synthesis of mRNA from
genomic DNA ANSWER: c EXPLANATION: (c) Reverse transcriptase is
basically a DNA polymerase enzyme, which transcribes single stranded RNA
into double stranded DNA BUY COURSE FROM STORE TO GET INSTANT ANSWER AND
+91-920-630-6398 #QID# 26221 (96.) Eradication of smallpox has been
possible due to the following facts except (a.) Use of highly effective
vaccine (b.) Immunization programs (c.) Elimination of animal reservoir
(d.) International cooperation ANSWER: c EXPLANATION: (c) Animal
reservoir of the small pox does not exist #QID# 26222 (97.) The AIDS
test is known as (a.) ELISA (b.) Australian antigen (c.) HIV test (d.)
None of these ANSWER: a EXPLANATION: (a) ELISA stands for Enzyne Linked
Immuno Sorbent Assay. The presence of HIV or AIDS virus is confirmed by
ELISA test. It is used to isolate viral RNA. #QID# 26223 (98.) Just as
Xenopsylla is to Yersinia pesist, so is BUY COURSE FROM STORE TO GET
APP NOW| +91-920-630-6398 (a.) Glossina palpalis to Wuchereria bancrofti
(b.) Culex to Plasmodium falciparum (c.) Homo sapiens to Taenia solium
(d.) Phlebotomus to Leishmania donovani ANSWER: d EXPLANATION: (d)
Yersinia pestis (Pasturella pestis) is the causative agent of plauge. It
is transmitted by rats and other rodents and its vector is a flea
(Xenopsylla cheopis) which feeds on infected rodents and may bite man.
Simalarly, Leishmania donovani (a protozoan) causes Kala-azar or
visceral leishmaniasis and trasmitted by bite of sand fly-Phlebotomus.
#QID# 26224 (99.) AIDS was first reported in (a.) 1981 (b.) 1980 (c.)
1982 (d.) 1983 ANSWER: a EXPLANATION: (a) AIDS is a viral infection. HIV
(Human Immunodeficiency Virus) was first discovered in 1981 in a remote
areas of central Africa #QID# 26225 BUY COURSE FROM STORE TO GET INSTANT
+91-920-630-6398 (100.) Humoral immune system defends against viruses
and bacteria is present in (a.) Blood (b.) Lymph (c.) Both (a) and (b.)
(d.) None of these ANSWER: c EXPLANATION: (c) The humoral immune system
protects against bacteria and virus are present in the fluids (blood and
lymph) of the body #QID# 26226 (101.) Black-foot disease is caused due
to groundwater contaminated with excess of (a.) Nitrate (b.) Fluoride
(c.) Arsenic (d.) Sulphur ANSWER: c EXPLANATION: (c) Ground water
contaminated with arsenic cause black-foot disease. Black foot disease
is a severe form of peripheral vascular diseases in which the blood
vessels in the lower limbs are severely damaged, resulting eventually in
progressive gangrene BUY COURSE FROM STORE TO GET INSTANT ANSWER AND
+91-920-630-6398 #QID# 26227 (102.) Select the correct statement from
the set given below I. Growing number of people are taking LSD and other
drugs like barbiturates and amphetamines II. Several plants, fruits and
seed having hallucinogenic properties have been used in folk-medicine
Which of the statements given above is/are correct? (a.) Only I (b.)
Only II (c.) I and II (d.) None of these ANSWER: c EXPLANATION: (c)
Drugs like barbiturates, amphetamines, benzodiazepines, Lysergic Acid
Diethylamides (LSD), and other similar drugs, that are normally used as
medicines to help patient cope with mental illnesses like depression and
insomnia, are often abused. Several plants, fruits and seeds having
hallucinogenic properties have been used for hundreds of years in folk-
medicine, religious ceremonies and rituals all over the globe #QID#
26228 (103.) Tobacco consumption is known to stimulate the secretion of
adrenaline and nor-adrenaline. The component causing this could be (a.)
Nicotine (b.) Tannic acid (c.) Curaimin (d.) Heamozoin ANSWER: a BUY
SPARK PCMB | DOWNLOAD APP NOW| +91-920-630-6398 EXPLANATION: (a)
Nicotine. Tobacco contains large number of chemical substances including
nicotine, an alkaloid. Nicotine stimulates adrenal gland to release
adrenaline and noradrenaline into blood circulation, both of which
raise blood pressure and increases the heart rate #QID# 26229 (104.)
Alcoholism may leads to (a.) Skin cancer (b.) Liver cirrhosis (c.) Viral
disease (d.) Eye infections ANSWER: b EXPLANATION: (b) Alcoholism is a
chronic often progressive disease in which a person craves alcohol and
drinks despite repeated alcohol related problems. It involved a physical
dependence on alcohol. It may lead to liver cirrhosis. Cirrhosis is
build up of scar tissue that changes the structure of the liver and
blocks blood flow. Cirrhosis can varicose veins, which can repture and
potentially triggering internal bleeding. #QID# 26230 (105.) Triple
antigen vaccine is not used for (a.) Typhoid BUY COURSE FROM STORE TO
DOWNLOAD APP NOW| +91-920-630-6398 (b.) Tetanus (c.) Diphtheria (d.)
pertussis ANSWER: a EXPLANATION: (a) Disease like whooping cough
(pertussis), diphtheria and tetanus (lock jaw) can be prevented by
immunizing all infants with triple vaccine-DTP (i.e., diphtheria,
pertussis, tetanus vaccine). Typhoid, caused by bacterium Salmonella
typhi, cannot be cure with triple vaccine but typhoid did vaccine is
available. #QID# 26231 (106.) SCID is caused by defective gene coding
for the enzyme called (a.) Adenosine transaminase (b.) Guanosine
transaminase (c.) Adenosine deaminase (d.) Guanosine deaminase ANSWER: c
EXPLANATION: (c) SCID (Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Disease) is a
congenital disease in which bone marrow stem cells are absent.
Immunodeficiency affects both B and T-lymphocytes. It is caused by
defective gene coding for the enzyme adenosine deaminase. #QID# 26232
QUESTION SPARK PCMB | DOWNLOAD APP NOW| +91-920-630-6398 (107.) Charas
and ganja generally taken by (a.) Inhalation (b.) Oral ingestion (c.)
Both (a) and (b.) (d.) Injection ANSWER: c EXPLANATION: (c) The flower
tops, leaves and the resin of cannabis plant are used in various
combination to produce marijuana, hashish, charas and ganja. Generally
taken by inhalation and oral ingestion these are known for their effects
on cardiovascular system of the body #QID# 26233 (108.) Rat, carries rat
fleas, which are the causal organism of (a.) Typhus fever (b.) Tick
fever (c.) Bubonic plague (d.) Yellow fever ANSWER: c EXPLANATION: (c)
Rat carries rat fleas, which causes bubonic plague and bite of rat
causes rat fever. #QID# 26234 (109.) Amoebiasis is prevented by BUY
SPARK PCMB | DOWNLOAD APP NOW| +91-920-630-6398 (a.) Eating balanced
food (b.) Eating washed fruits (c.) Using mosquito coil (d.) Drinking
boiled water ANSWER: d EXPLANATION: (d) This parasite can infect food
and water so safety is of paramount importance. There are a few measures
you can put in place to reduce the risk of amoebiasis, which includes
(i) Boiling untreated water especially when travelling or comping (ii)
Washing fruit and vegetables before eating them (iii) Washing your
hands, utensils and kitchen worktops before and after food preparation
(iv) Ensuring that all food is cooked at the correct temperature (v)
Washing your hands everytime you visit the toilet or after you have been
in contact with an infected animal (vi) Ensuring that any cooked food is
covered when left out to cool down #QID# 26235 (110.) Morphine is (a.) A
very effective sedative and pain-killer (b.) Very useful in patients who
have undergone surgery (c.) both (a) and (b) (d.) Stimulant ANSWER: c
EXPLANATION: (c) BUY COURSE FROM STORE TO GET INSTANT ANSWER AND
+91-920-630-6398 Morphine is a very effective sedative and painkiller
and is very useful in patients who have undergone surgery #QID# 26236
(111.) The effect of hydrogen sulphide on man leads to which of the
following diseases? (a.) Paralysis (b.) Blindness (c.) Sterility (d.)
None of these ANSWER: a EXPLANATION: (a) Hydrogen sulpide is released
into the atmosphere from industries and causes irritation of respiratory
passage, paralysis and asphyxia in man. #QID# 26237 (112.) Vaccination
protects a person from disease because it (a.) Helps in RBC production
(b.) Produces antibodies (c.) Helps in digestion (d.) Correct body
function ANSWER: b EXPLANATION: (b) BUY COURSE FROM STORE TO GET INSTANT
+91-920-630-6398 Vaccines are made from microbes that are dead or
inactive so that they are unable to cause the disease. The antigen in
the vaccine is the same as the antigen on the surface of the
disease-causing microbe. The vaccine stimulates the body to produce
antibodies against the vaccine #QID# 26238 (113.) Addiction to alcohol
causes (a.) Cirrhosis (b.) Epilepsy (c.) Neurosis (d.) psychosis ANSWER:
a EXPLANATION: (a) In alcoholic person, some part of alcohol is changed
into acetaldehyde, which stimulates the formation of fat. This fat is
deposited over the wall of arteries and also accumulates in liver cells.
Due to which liver gets failed and there is very little regulation of
carbohydrate, protein and fat metabolism. This disorder is known as
fatty liver syndrome. Latter on, the liver gets turned into solid, hard,
fibrous organ causing liver cirrhosis. #QID# 26239 (114.) HIV/AIDS is a
contagious disease which is caused by (a.) Virus (b.) Bacteria (c.)
Fungal (d.) Protozoa ANSWER: a BUY COURSE FROM STORE TO GET INSTANT
+91-920-630-6398 EXPLANATION: (a) AIDS is a viral infection. HIV (Human
Immunodeficiency Virus), the virus that causes AIDS, was first
discovered in 1981 in a remote area of central Africa #QID# 26240 (115.)
Antibody molecule has (a.) Four polypeptide chains (b.) Five polypeptide
chains (c.) Six polypeptide chains (d.) Seven polypeptide chains ANSWER:
a EXPLANATION: (a) Each antibody molecule has four peptide chains, two
small called light chains and two long called heavy chains. Hence, an
antibody is represented as H L2 2 #QID# 26241 (116.) Identify the
pictures AB, and C (a.) A-Opium poppy, B-Cannabis sativa, C-Datura (b.)
A-Cannabis sativa, B-Opium poppy, C-Datura BUY COURSE FROM STORE TO GET
APP NOW| +91-920-630-6398 (c.) A-Datura, B-Opium poppy, C-Cannabis
sativa (d.) A-Opium poppy, B-Datura, C-Cannabis sativa ANSWER: a
EXPLANATION: (a) A-Opium poppy, B-Cannabis sativa, C-Datura #QID# 26242
(117.) Morphine, obtained from opium, is (a.) Latex (b.) Pome (c.)
Alkaloid (d.) tannin ANSWER: c EXPLANATION: (c) Opium is the dried latex
obtained from unripe capsules of Papaver somniferum (poppy). Morphine
and codeine are the alkaloids formed from this dried latex and have the
pain relieving property. #QID# 26243 (118.) The chemical used in
‘National Malaria Eradication Programme ’ is (a.) 2, 4-D (b.) BHC (c.)
DDT (d.) Pyrethroid BUY COURSE FROM STORE TO GET INSTANT ANSWER AND
+91-920-630-6398 ANSWER: c EXPLANATION: (c) DDT (Dichloro Diphenyl
Trichloroethane) is an organochlorine compound. These compounds are
lipophilic and show much affinity for the fatty tissue of animals. #QID#
26244 (119.) Benign tumours I. remain confined to their original
location and do not spread to other parts II. cause little damage Which
of the statements given above is/are correct? (a.) Only I (b.) Only II
(c.) I and II (d.) None of the above ANSWER: c EXPLANATION: (c) Benign
tumour is a non-cancerous Tumour. It does not show metastasis and is
non-invasive. It is less fatal to the body #QID# 26245 (120.)
Entamoebahistolytica is a parasite of (a.) Large intestine (b.) Liver
QUESTION SPARK PCMB | DOWNLOAD APP NOW| +91-920-630-6398 (c.) Lungs (d.)
Kidney ANSWER: a EXPLANATION: (a) Entamoeba Histolytica is a parasite of
the human large intestine, commonly contracted by ingesting contaminated
water or food #QID# 26246 (121.) Common examples of allergens are (a.)
Dust (b.) Pollen grains (c.) Animal dander (d.) All of these ANSWER: d
EXPLANATION: (d) The substance, which produces immune response in an
individual are called allergens, eg. ., pollen grains, animal dander,
dust, feathers, drugs like penicillin, etc. #QID# 26247 (122.) Smack is
chemically a ...A... which is white and odourless and crystalline in
nature. This is obtained by ...B... . Here A and B refers to (a.)
A-diacetyl morphine; B-acetylation of morphine (b.) A-morphine;
B-acetylation of hashish BUY COURSE FROM STORE TO GET INSTANT ANSWER AND
+91-920-630-6398 (c.) A-stimulant; B-acetylation of morphine (d.)
A-hallucinogen; B-acetylation of hashish ANSWER: a EXPLANATION: (a)
A-Diacetyl morphine; B-Acetylation of morphine #QID# 26248 (123.) The
pathogen Mircosporum responsible for ringworm disease in humans belongs
to (a.) Virus (b.) Bacteria (c.) Fungi (d.) Protozoa ANSWER: c
EXPLANATION: (c) Microsporum is a genus of fungi that causes tinea
capitis, tinea corpus, ringworm, and other dermatophytoses (fungal
infections of the skin) #QID# 26249 (124.) The genes concerned with the
production of cancer are called (a.) Cancer genes (b.) Carcinogenes (c.)
Carcinomas (d.) Oncogenes BUY COURSE FROM STORE TO GET INSTANT ANSWER
+91-920-630-6398 ANSWER: d EXPLANATION: (d) Genes that induce cellular
proliferation are called proto-oncogenes. The proto- oncogenes encode
for growth factors, growth factor receptors, transcription factors, etc.
They change into oncogene or cancer genes. #QID# 26250 (125.) The given
below figures show (a.) A-Cannabinoid; B-Morphine (b.) A-Morphine;
B-Cannabinoid (c.) A-Morphine; B-Quinine (d.) A-Quinine; B-Cannabinoid
ANSWER: b #QID# 26251 (126.) Who stated that human population grows
gemoretrically? (a.) Malthus (b.) Darwin (c.) Cannon (d.) Lamarck BUY
SPARK PCMB | DOWNLOAD APP NOW| +91-920-630-6398 ANSWER: a EXPLANATION:
(a) Malthus calculate that though the number of organisms can increase
geometrically (1, 2, 4, 8, 16,......), their food supply increases
artithmetically (1, 2, 3, 4,....). #QID# 26252 (127.) Cyclosporin and
endosporins are the drugs that are used as (a.) Anti retroviral drugs
(b.) Immuno-suppressants (c.) Immuno-modulators (d.) Immuno-vaccines
ANSWER: b EXPLANATION: (b) Immunosuppressants are the drugs capable of
inhibiting the body’s immune system, e, g., cyclosporine and
endosporins, which cause suppression of body’s T-lymphocytes. #QID#
26253 (128.) Emphysema is a (a.) Cardio vascular disease (b.) Pulmonary
disease (c.) Neural disease (d.) renal disease BUY COURSE FROM STORE TO
DOWNLOAD APP NOW| +91-920-630-6398 ANSWER: b EXPLANATION: (b) Emphysema
is a chronic disease in which alveolar walls are damaged due to which
respiratory surface is decreased. One of the major causes of this is
cigarette smoking. Emphysema is included in a group of diseases called
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) pulmonary to lungs. #QID#
26254 (129.) Alpha-interferons (a.) Activate the immune system (b.) Help
in destroying the tumour (c.) Both (a) and (b) (d.) None of the above
ANSWER: c EXPLANATION: (c) Tumour cells have been shown to avoid
detection and destruction by immune system. Therefore the patients are
given substances called biological response modifiers such as α
-interferon, which activates their immune system and helps in destroying
the tumours #QID# 26255 (130.) Which technique uses the body’s water
molecules as the bases for its images? (a.) Sonography (b.) MRI BUY
SPARK PCMB | DOWNLOAD APP NOW| +91-920-630-6398 (c.) Radioactive traces
(d.) Thermography ANSWER: b EXPLANATION: (b) In MRI, the body’s water
molecules are used for the base of images. #QID# 26256 (131.) Antigen
binding site of immunoglobulin is (a.) Variable region of heavy chain
(b.) Variable region of light chain (c.) Constant region of light chain
(d.) Variable region of both heavy and light chain ANSWER: d
EXPLANATION: (d) At the tip of each arm of the Y-shaped molecule is an
area called the antigen binding site, which is formed by a portion of
the heavy and light chains. Every immunoglobulin molecule has at least
two of these sites, which are identical to one another #QID# 26257
(132.) Amoebiasis infection occurs by ingesting cysts with food and
drinks (a.) True (b.) False (c.) Sometimes (a) and sometimes (b.) BUY
SPARK PCMB | DOWNLOAD APP NOW| +91-920-630-6398 (d.) Neither (a) nor (b)
ANSWER: a EXPLANATION: (a) True. Amoebiasis infection is typically
caused by the organism Entamoeba hitolytica, by ingesting food or water
contaminated by infected faeces #QID# 26258 (133.) The synthetic drugs
structually similar to adrenaline are (a.) Amphetamines (b.)
Barbituratess (c.) Halluncinogens (d.) Nicotinic derivatives ANSWER: a
EXPLANATION: (a) The synthetics drugs structurally similar to adrenaline
are amphetamines. These are synthetic drugs and act as strong
stimulants. These are generally taken by truck drivers and night
workers. #QID# 26259 (134.) Antibody production is controlled by (a.)
B-lymphocytes (b.) T-lymphocytes (c.) Both (a) and (b.) (d.) Interferon
QUESTION SPARK PCMB | DOWNLOAD APP NOW| +91-920-630-6398 ANSWER: c
EXPLANATION: (c) The B-lymphocytes produce an army of proteins in
response to pathogens into our blood to fight them. These proteins are
called antibodies. The T-cells themselves do not secrete antibodies but
help B-cells to produce them #QID# 26260 (135.) Cannabinoids is obtained
from (a.) Inflorescence of the plant Cannabis sativa (b.) Fruits of the
plant Papaver somniferum (c.) Latex of the plant Cannabis sativa (d.)
Plant Papaver somniferum inflorescence ANSWER: a EXPLANATION: (a)
Cannabinoids can be extracted from the dried, seedless inflorescence of
female Cannabis plants #QID# 26261 (136.) A substance that cause an
allergic reaction is called (a.) Allergen (b.) Pollen (c.) Foreign
substance (d.) Dander BUY COURSE FROM STORE TO GET INSTANT ANSWER AND
+91-920-630-6398 ANSWER: a EXPLANATION: (a) An allergen is any substance
(antigen), most often eaten or inhaled, that is recognized by the immune
system and causes an allergic reaction #QID# 26262 (137.) The
polypeptide chains present in gamma immunoglobulin are (a.) 2 (b.) 4
(c.) 6 (d.) 8 ANSWER: a EXPLANATION: (a) Immunoglobulin G (IgG) is the
most abundant class of antibodies found in blood serum and lymph and
active against bacteria, fungi, viruses and foreign particles. The basic
structure of all Ig is same, i, e., made up of light and heavy
polypeptide chains , still they behave differently in similar
physiological system. IgG possesses four polypeptide chains linked by
disulphide bonds. #QID# 26263 (138.) Kala-azar is caused by (a.)
Trypanosoma cruzi (b.) Leishmania donovani (c.) Trypanosoma brucei (d.)
Trypanosoma gambiense BUY COURSE FROM STORE TO GET INSTANT ANSWER AND
+91-920-630-6398 ANSWER: b EXPLANATION: (b) Leishmania donovani is an
intracellular parasite in leucocytes or cells of liver, spleen, bone
marrow, lymphatic glands, etc. It causes a serious oriental disease
known as ‘Kala-azar’ accompanied by –swellings, fever, enlargement of
liver and spleen, the skin colour turning black. #QID# 26264 (139.)
Graft transplantation to save certain patients fails due to the
rejection of such organs by the patient. Which type of immune response
is responsible for such type of rejection? (a.) Cell-mediated immune
response (b.) Humoral immune response (c.) Both (a) and (b.) (d.) Innate
immune response ANSWER: a EXPLANATION: (a) Cell-mediated immune response
is mediated by T-lymphocytes. It is responsible for graft rejection in
organs transplant because of its ability to differentiate between ‘self’
and ‘non-self’ #QID# 26265 (140.) Which of the following is used in
diagnosis of epilepsy? (a.) X-ray radiography BUY COURSE FROM STORE TO
DOWNLOAD APP NOW| +91-920-630-6398 (b.) Digital Subtraction
Angiography(DSA) (c.) Sonography (d.) Positron Emission Tomography(PET)
ANSWER: d EXPLANATION: (d) Epilepsy is second common neurological
disorder. A number of tests to confirm the diagnosis of epilepsy are
electroencephalography, brain imaging like CT- scan, MRI, PET and blood
tests. #QID# 26266 (141.) The disease ‘Oriental sore’ is caused by (a.)
Bacteria (b.) Virus (c.) Protozoa (d.) Fungus ANSWER: b EXPLANATION: (b)
Oriental sores or skin boils or Delhi boils is a skin disease caused by
a protozan Leishmania orientalis ( or L. tropica). It is spread by sand
fly. #QID# 26267 (142.) ELISA test is used for detection of (a.)
Antibodies (b.) Viral disease BUY COURSE FROM STORE TO GET INSTANT
+91-920-630-6398 (c.) AIDS (d.) All of these ANSWER: d EXPLANATION: (d)
A graphic record of spread of the cardiac impulse through the heart is
called electrocardiogram. The machine by which the electrocardiogram is
recorded is known as cardiograph Willen Einthoven (1903) is considered
‘Father of Electrocardiography’. #QID# 26268 (143.) Except skin, other
physical barriers which also helps to prevent the entry of the
microorganisms are I. mucus coating of the epithelium lining the
respiratory II. gastrointestinal tracts III. urogenital tracts Choose
the correct option (a.) I and II (b.) I and III (c.) II and III (d.) I,
II and III ANSWER: d EXPLANATION: (d) Physical barriers: skin on our
body is the main barrier, which prevents entry of the microorganisms.
Mucous coating of the epithelium lining in the respiratory,
gastrointestinal and urogenital tracts also helps in trapping the
microbes entering our body BUY COURSE FROM STORE TO GET INSTANT ANSWER
+91-920-630-6398 #QID# 26269 (144.) Cocaine is commonly called as (a.)
Coke (b.) Crack (c.) Both (a) and (b.) (d.) Smack ANSWER: c EXPLANATION:
(c) Powder cocaine (also called coke) and crack are all powerful
stimulants, with short-lived effects. They temporarily speed up the way
your mind and body work, but the effects are short-lived #QID# 26270
(145.) Ability of the body to fight against the disease causing
organisms is called (a.) Vulnerability (b.) Susceptibility (c.)
Irritability (d.) Immunity ANSWER: d EXPLANATION: (d) Immunity is the
state of living beings having sufficient biological defences to avoid
infections, diseases or other unwanted biological invasion BUY COURSE
PCMB | DOWNLOAD APP NOW| +91-920-630-6398 #QID# 26271 (146.) In a
standard ECG, which one of the following alphabets is the correct
representation of the respective activity of human heart? (a.)
R-repolarization of ventricles (b.) S-start of systole (c.) T-end of
diastole (d.) P-depolarization of the artia ANSWER: d EXPLANATION: (d)
In ECG, P-wave indicates impulse of contraction generated by SA-node and
it spreads in atria causing atrial depolarisation. T-wave is the most
constant and conspicuous wave having the tallest amplitude. It is the
first positive deflection during ventricular depolarization. S-wave is
the next downward deflection constant but often inconspicuous. T-wave is
repolarization wave of ventricular relaxtion. #QID# 26272 (147.) Damage
to thymus in a child may lead to (a.) Loss of cell-mediated immunity
(b.) A reduction in the haemoglobin content in blood (c.) A reduction in
the amount of plasma proteins (d.) Loss of antibody-mediated immunity
ANSWER: a EXPLANATION: (a) BUY COURSE FROM STORE TO GET INSTANT ANSWER
+91-920-630-6398 Thymus is the “seedbed” of thymic lymphocytes
(T-lymphocytes). Some stem cells in the bone marrow give rise to
immature lymphocytes. These lymphocytes migrate via the blood to the
thymus, where they mature as T-lymphocytes, and produce cell-mediated
immunity. Thus, damage to thymus in a child may lead to loss of
cell-mediated immunity. #QID# 26273 (148.) Purpose of tubectomy is to
prevent (a.) Fertilization (b.) Coitus (c.) Egg formation (d.) Embryonic
development ANSWER: a EXPLANATION: (a) Tubectomy is the method of female
sterilization, which involves cutting and tying (tubal ligation) of
fallopian tubes. It prevents fertilization. #QID# 26274 (149.)
Antibodies in our body are complex (a.) Lipoproteins (b.) Steroids (c.)
Prostaglandins (d.) Glycoproteins ANSWER: d EXPLANATION: (d) BUY COURSE
PCMB | DOWNLOAD APP NOW| +91-920-630-6398 Antibodies are the proteins
(glycoprotiens) called immunoglobulins. These are produced by the
lymphocytes in response to entry of a foreign substance or antigen into
the body. #QID# 26275 (150.) What is the name of complex formed at the
time of action of T-cells? (a.) HLA (b.) STD antigen complex (c.) HLA
antigen complex (d.) MHC antigen complex ANSWER: d EXPLANATION: (d)
T-lymphocytes are involved in cell mediated immunity. T-cells largely
recognize proteins that have been processed within antigen presenting
cells and presented on the cell surface in a form that is bound to a
molecule known as Major HistocompatiblityComplex(MHC). #QID# 26276
(151.) Proliferation of cancer cells is not limited because of (a.)
Differing surface proteins (b.) Differing cholesterol level (c.)
Deficiency of steroids (d.) Aberrant chromosomal complement ANSWER: a
QUESTION SPARK PCMB | DOWNLOAD APP NOW| +91-920-630-6398 EXPLANATION:
(a) Cancer cells do not respond to control mechanisms and do not show
contact inhibition (differing surface proteins.).These cells proliferate
in an unregulated manner and from clones of cells which can expand
irregularly. #QID# 26277 (152.) Smack is generally taken by (a.)
Snorting (b.) Injection (c.) Both (a) and (b.) (d.) None of these
ANSWER: c EXPLANATION: (c) Heroin is a white or brown powder, odourless,
bitter, crystalline compound. It can be mixed with water and injected
with a needle. Heroin can also be smoked or snorted up the nose #QID#
26278 (153.) Which of the following is a matching pair of a drug and its
category? (a.) Amphetamines - Stimulant (b.) Lysergic acid diethly amide
- Narcotic (c.) Heroin - Psychotropice (d.) Benzodiazepine - Pain Killer
ANSWER: a BUY COURSE FROM STORE TO GET INSTANT ANSWER AND EXPLANATION OF
EXPLANATION: (a) Stimulants are also known as mood elevators. They
increase nerve activity in the brain by initiating the release of
noradrenaline, e.g., amphitamines, caffeine, cocaine, etc. #QID# 26279
(154.) The drugs, which are commonly abused are (a.) Opioids (b.)
Cannabinoids (c.) Coca alkaloids (d.) All of these ANSWER: d
EXPLANATION: (d) The drugs, which are commonly abused are opioids,
cannabinoids and coca alkaloids LSD. Majority of these are obtained from
flowering plants. Some are obtained from fungi #QID# 26280 (155.)
Consider the following statements I. Secondary lymphoid organs includes
lymph nodes, spleen and small masses of lymph tissue such as Peyer’s
patches, appendix and tonsils II. The secondary lymphoid organs all the
site of lymphocyte maturation and they efficiently trap antigens for
exposure to T and B-cells Which of the statements given above is/are
correct? (a.) Only I (b.) Only II (c.) I and II BUY COURSE FROM STORE TO
DOWNLOAD APP NOW| +91-920-630-6398 (d.) None of these ANSWER: c
EXPLANATION: (c) The primary lymphoid organs are bone marrow and thymus
where immature lymphocytes differentiate into antigen-sensitive
lymphocytes. After maturation the lymphocytes migrate to secondary
lymphoid organs like spleen, lymph nodes, tonsils, Peyer’s patches of
small intestine and appendix. The secondary lymphoid organs provide the
sites for interaction of lymphocytes with the antigen, which then
proliferate to become effector cells #QID# 26281 (156.) Who among the
following is recognized as the Father of Medicine? (a.) Robert Koch (b.)
Hippocrates (c.) Louis Pasteur (d.) Edward Jenner ANSWER: b EXPLANATION:
(b) Hippocrates is known as the father of medicine because many of the
things he discovered are still practiced today #QID# 26282 (157.) Which
of the following organs is not involved in the elicitation of immune
response? BUY COURSE FROM STORE TO GET INSTANT ANSWER AND EXPLANATION OF
EACH QUESTION SPARK PCMB | DOWNLOAD APP NOW| +91-920-630-6398 (a.) Brain
(b.) Lymph nodes (c.) Spleen (d.) Thymus ANSWER: a EXPLANATION: (a)
Brain is not involved in the elicitation of immune response, it is a
part of central nervous system. #QID# 26283 (158.) The term ‘Vaccine’
was introduced by (a.) Jenner (b.) Koch (c.) Pasteur (d.) Jointly by
Koch and Pasteur ANSWER: a EXPLANATION: (a) Vaccine is a preparation
containing dead or inactivated viruses or other microorganisms that on
introduction in human body stimulate the formation of antibodies to
fight against disease. First vaccine was prepared by Edward Jenner
against cowpox. #QID# 26284 (159.) Tuberculosis is caused by BUY COURSE
PCMB | DOWNLOAD APP NOW| +91-920-630-6398 (a.) Mycobacterium sp.) (b.)
Aspergillus sp.) (c.) Clostridium sp.) (d.) Vibrio sp. ANSWER: a
EXPLANATION: (a) Tuberculosis, commonly called TB is caused by a
rod-shaped bacterium named Mycobacterium tuberculosis. #QID# 26285
(160.) Main source of amoebic dysentery is (a.) Contaminated food and
water (b.) Water and food contaminated by the faecal matter (c.) Water
and food contaminated by urine (d.) Water and food contaminated by
polluted air ANSWER: b EXPLANATION: (b) Amoebic dysentery is caused by
an intestinal endoparasite, Entamoeba histolytica, found in large
intestine of humans. Infection takes place through contaminated food and
water #QID# 26286 (161.) Mycobacterium leprae causes (a.) Tuberculosis
QUESTION SPARK PCMB | DOWNLOAD APP NOW| +91-920-630-6398 (b.) Leprosy
(c.) AIDS (d.) Tetanus ANSWER: b EXPLANATION: (b) Leprosy is a bacterial
disease, which is caused by Mycobacterium leprae. #QID# 26287 (162.)
Excessive doses of drugs may lead to coma and death due to (a.)
Respiratory failure (b.) Heart failure (c.) Cerebral hemorrhage (d.) All
of these ANSWER: d EXPLANATION: (d) Excessive doses of drugs may lead to
coma and death due to respiratory failure, heat failure, cerebral
hemorrhage, etc. #QID# 26288 (163.) All stages of the Plasmodium get
digested in stomach of female Anopheles except (a.) Sporozoite (b.)
Gametocyte (c.) Erythrocyte BUY COURSE FROM STORE TO GET INSTANT ANSWER
+91-920-630-6398 (d.) None of these ANSWER: b #QID# 26289 (164.)
Hodgkins disease is (a.) Cancer of the lymphoid tissue (b.) Cancer of
the mammary gland (c.) cancer of the WBC (d.) Cancer of the liver
ANSWER: a EXPLANATION: (a) Hodgekins disease is a cancer of lymphoid
tissue. #QID# 26290 (165.) The interferons are (a.) Antibacterial drug
(b.) Antiviral drugs (c.) Antibiotic drugs (d.) Immunosuppressive drugs
ANSWER: b EXPLANATION: (b) BUY COURSE FROM STORE TO GET INSTANT ANSWER
+91-920-630-6398 Interferons are the glycoproteins with low moleculer
weight that are effective against most of the viruses. These are
naturally produced by virus infected cells. These proteins interact with
adjacent cells and make them resistant to virus attack. Now-a-days,
interferons are also being manufactured through genetic engineering and
are usedin many antiviral drugs. #QID# 26291 (166.) Food poisoning is
caused by (a.) Nitrosomonas (b.) Lactobacillus (c.) Escherichia coil
(d.) None of these ANSWER: b EXPLANATION: (b) Species of Lactobacillus
streptococcus, Micrococcus and Proteus are responsible for spoilage of
milk products. The exotoxins produced by these bacteria causes food
poisoning. #QID# 26292 (167.) Choose the true statements I. Innate
immunity is accomplished by providing different types of barriers II.
Acquired immunity is present from the birth and is inherited from
parents III. Sweat, tears, acid in the stomach and saliva prevent
microbial growth Codes (a.) True False True I II III BUY COURSE FROM
| DOWNLOAD APP NOW| +91-920-630-6398 (b.) True True False I II III (c.)
False False True I II III (d.) False True False I II III ANSWER: a
EXPLANATION: (a) Acquired immunity is not present from the birth and
develops during the individual’s lifetime. It is pathogen specific #QID#
26293 (168.) Immunoglobulins are made up of (a.) Two polypeptide chains
(b.) Four polypeptide chains (c.) Three amino acids only (d.) Five
nucleotides ANSWER: b EXPLANATION: (b) Immunoglobulins are present in
serum and provide immunity to body against diseases. Each immunoglobulin
is made up of four polypeptide chains-two heavy weight chains and two
light weight chains. These chains are joined to each other by disulphide
bonds. BUY COURSE FROM STORE TO GET INSTANT ANSWER AND EXPLANATION OF
EACH QUESTION SPARK PCMB | DOWNLOAD APP NOW| +91-920-630-6398 #QID#
26294 (169.) AIDS is not diagnosed by (a.) Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbant
Assay test (b.) WIDAL test (c.) RIA (d.) Both (b) and (c) ANSWER: d
EXPLANATION: (d) AIDS is diagnosed by ELISA test – Enzyme – Linked
Immuno Sorbant Assay test #QID# 26295 (170.) The protein  −1
antitrypsin is used to treat which of the following disease? (a.) Cancer
(b.) Rheumatoid arthritis (c.) Alzheimer’s disease (d.) Emphysema
ANSWER: d EXPLANATION: (d) Transgenic animals that produce useful
biological products can be created by the introduction of the portion of
DNA (or genes) which codes for a particular product such as human
protein,  − −1 antitrypsin. The protein is used to treat emphysema. BUY
immune system is made of (a.) Humoral system (b.) Humoral and cell
mediated system (c.) Humoral and fibrous system (d.) Antigen induced
antibodies ANSWER: b EXPLANATION: (b) Acquired immunity is specialized
immunity that forms antibodies and activated lymphocytes that attacks
and destroys the specific organism. These are of two type, i.e., humoral
immunity and cell mediated immunity. Humoral system involves antibodies
and cell mediated system involves T-cells. #QID# 26297 (172.) An
autoimmune disease is (a.) AIDS (b.) Haemophilia (c.) Allergy (d.)
Myasthenia gravis ANSWER: d EXPLANATION: (d) Myasthenia gravis is an
autoimmune disease characterized by the chronic fatigability and
weakness of muscles, espeically in the face and throat, as result of
defect in the conduction of nerve impulses at the myoneural junction.
QUESTION SPARK PCMB | DOWNLOAD APP NOW| +91-920-630-6398 #QID# 26298
(173.) AIDS is the condition where (a.) The patients immune system is
completely destroyed (b.) The patient succumbs to various infect, has
wasting and develops symptoms such as fever, diarrhoea and weight loss
(c.) Both (a) and (b) (d.) Virus multiply in T-cytotoxic cells ANSWER: c
EXPLANATION: (c) In AIDS, HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) attacks the
cells of the immune system. The immune system weakens no that the body
cannot defined against various bacteria, viruses and other germs #QID#
26299 (174.) Which of the following is correct for immuno-modulators?
(a.) They always suppress immune system (b.) They never suppress immune
system (c.) They always stimulate immune system (d.) Specific
immuno-modulators stimulate the immuno-response of immune system,
whereas some other immuno-modulators inhibit it ANSWER: d EXPLANATION:
(d) Immuno-modulators are natural or synthetic substances that help to
regulate or normalize the immune system. There are two types of
immuno-modulators viz, BUY COURSE FROM STORE TO GET INSTANT ANSWER AND
+91-920-630-6398 immuno-suppressants, which cause immuno-suppression of
the immune system and immuno-stimulants (immuno-stimulators) which
stimulate immune system by including or increasing activity of any of
its components. #QID# 26300 (175.) The disease filarial is transmitted
by (a.) Tse-tse fly (b.) Sand fly (c.) Culex (d.) Anopheles ANSWER: c
EXPLANATION: (c) The disease filaria (elephantiasis) is transmitted by
Culex mosquito (female). Wuchereria bancrofit causes filariasis. #QID#
26301 (176.) The immune system plays a major role in (a.) Allergic
reactions (b.) Auto-immune diseases (c.) Organ transplantation (d.) All
of these ANSWER: d EXPLANATION: (d) BUY COURSE FROM STORE TO GET INSTANT
+91-920-630-6398 Immune system is unique in the sense that it recognizes
foreign antigens, responds to these and remembers them. The immune
system also plays an important role in allergic reactions, auto-immune
diseases and organ transplantation #QID# 26302 (177.) What is HLA? (a.)
Group of proteins (b.) Group of chromosomes (c.) Group of genes (d.)
Group of polypeptides ANSWER: a EXPLANATION: (a) The most important
antigens for causing graft rejection are a complex called HLA Humman
Leucocyte Antigen(protein). The HLI occur on the white blood cells as
well as on the tissue cells. #QID# 26303 (178.) Aloe vera cures cough
and cold by (a.) Leaf juice with opium (b.) Leaf juice mixed with oil
(c.) Juice of roasted leaves taken with honey (d.) Salad of leaves
ANSWER: c EXPLANATION: (c) BUY COURSE FROM STORE TO GET INSTANT ANSWER
+91-920-630-6398 The juice of roasted leaves of Aloe vera taken with
honey is good to cure cough and cold. #QID# 26304 (179.) Active immunity
may be produced by (a.) Contacting a disease (b.) Readymade antibodies
(c.) Both (a) and (b.) (d.) Receiving gamma glubulin infection ANSWER: a
EXPLANATION: (a) When a host is exposed to antigens which may be in form
of living or proteins, antibodies are produced in the host body. This
type of immunity is called active immunity #QID# 26305 (180.) If the
person shows the production of interferons in his body, chances are that
he is suffering from (a.) Anthrax (b.) Malaria (c.) Measles (d.) Tetanus
ANSWER: c EXPLANATION: (c) BUY COURSE FROM STORE TO GET INSTANT ANSWER
+91-920-630-6398 Measles is a viral disease caused by rubeola virus.
Intereferons are proteins that increase the resistance of a cell to
attack by viruses by unmasking genes that synthesize antiviral proteins.
Thus, person suffering from measles shows the production of interferons
in his body. #QID# 26306 (181.) Which of these is based on magnetic
resonance? (a.) EEG (b.) CT scanning (c.) NMR scanning (d.) PET scanning
ANSWER: c EXPLANATION: (c) NMR scanning is based on magnetic resonance.
#QID# 26307 (182.) With regard to the transmission of the Human
Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Which one of the following statements is
not correct? (a.) The chances of transmission from female to male are
twice as likely as from male to female (b.) The chances of transmission
are more if a person suffers from other sexually transmitted infections
(c.) An infected mother can transmit the infection to her baby during
pregnancy at child birth and by breast feeding (d.) The risk of
contracting infection from transfusion of infected blood is much higher
than an exposure to contaminate needle BUY COURSE FROM STORE TO GET
APP NOW| +91-920-630-6398 ANSWER: a EXPLANATION: (a) Human
Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) has three transmission. (i)Through sexual
intercourse (65%). (ii)Transmission through blood transfusion, blood
products and contaminated equipments (10%). (iii) Transmission from
mother to baby (25%). #QID# 26308 (183.) Amniocentesis is used for
determining (a.) Heart disease (b.) brain disease (c.) Hereditary
disease of the embryo (d.) All of the above ANSWER: c EXPLANATION: (c)
Amniocentesis is one way to obtain foetal cells for testing of
chromosomal abnormalities and genetic disorders. It is the process to
determine any hereditary diseases in he embryo. #QID# 26309 (184.) In
the given flow chart, the replication of retrovirus in a host cell is
shown. Observe it carefully and fill up the blank AB, and C BUY COURSE
PCMB | DOWNLOAD APP NOW| +91-920-630-6398 (a.) A-Retrovirus, B-Viral DNA
is produced, C-New viral RNA is produced (b.) A-Transcriptase,
B-Bacterial RNA is produced, C-New viral DNA is produced by the infected
cell (c.) A-Reverse transcriptase, B-Viral DNA is produced, C-New viral
RNA is produced by the infected cell (d.) A-Reverse transcriptase,
B-Viral DNA is produced, C-New viral DNA is produced by the infected
cell ANSWER: c EXPLANATION: (c) A-Reverse transcriptase, B-Viral DNA is
produced, C-New viral RNA is produced by the infected cell BUY COURSE
PCMB | DOWNLOAD APP NOW| +91-920-630-6398 #QID# 26310 (185.) Most
important component of oral contraceptive is (a.) LH (b.) GH (c.)
Thyroxine (d.) progesterone ANSWER: d EXPLANATION: (d) Oral
contraceptives or contraceptive pills are taken to control fertility.
Each pill contains a mixture of oestrogen and progesterone or only the
pure synthetic progesterone which prevent ovulation. #QID# 26311 (186.)
Which of the following normally confined to their original location and
do not spread to other parts of the body? (a.) Malignant tumour (b.)
Metastasis (c.) Benign tumour (d.) cancer ANSWER: c EXPLANATION: (c) BUY
SPARK PCMB | DOWNLOAD APP NOW| +91-920-630-6398 Benign tumour is a
tumour that lacks all three of three of the malignant properties of
cancer. A benign tumour does not grow in an unlimited, aggressive
manner, does not invade surrounding tissues and does not metastasize.
#QID# 26312 (187.) Protein deficiency leads to (a.) Kwashiorkor (b.)
Marasmus (c.) Cretinism (d.) Both (a) and (b) ANSWER: d EXPLANATION: (d)
Protein deficiency causes both Kwashiorkor and marasmus. Kwashiorkor is
characterized by wasted muscles, thin limbs, retarded growth of body and
brain, oedema, pot belly and diarrhea. Marasmus is characterized by
impaired growth and replacement of tissue proteins, thin limbs and
prominent ribs, dry, wrinkled and thin skin and diarrhea. #QID# 26313
(188.) In AIDS, the system which show failure is (a.) Digestive system
(b.) Respiratory system (c.) Defence system (d.) Sensory system ANSWER:
c BUY COURSE FROM STORE TO GET INSTANT ANSWER AND EXPLANATION OF EACH
QUESTION SPARK PCMB | DOWNLOAD APP NOW| +91-920-630-6398 EXPLANATION:
(c) An HIV infection damages the immune system, i.e., your body’s
defense system that light against diseases and infections #QID# 26314
(189.) Cannabinoid are the group of chemicals, which interact with
cannabinoid receptors present principally in (a.) Brain (b.) Neuron (c.)
Nephron (d.) Dendron ANSWER: a EXPLANATION: (a) Cannabinoid are a group
of chemicals, which interact with cannabinoid receptors present
principally in the brain #QID# 26315 (190.) Histamines or other,
inflammation producing substances are formed by (a.) Macrophages (b.)
Interferons (c.) Mast cells (d.) Collagen tissue ANSWER: c EXPLANATION:
(c) BUY COURSE FROM STORE TO GET INSTANT ANSWER AND EXPLANATION OF EACH
QUESTION SPARK PCMB | DOWNLOAD APP NOW| +91-920-630-6398 Mast cells play
a critical role in allergy and inflammation. Allergy is due to the
release of chemicals like histamine and serotonin from the mast cells
#QID# 26316 (191.) Which group of three of the following five statements
(I-V) contains is correct regarding beri beri? I. A crippling disease
prevalent among the native population of sub-Sahara Africa. II. A
deficiency disease caused by lack of thiamine (vitamin-B1 ). III. A
nutritional disorder in infants and young children when the diet is
persistantly deficient in essential protein. IV. Occurs in those
countries where the staple diet is polished rice. V. The symptoms are
pain from neuritis, paralysis, muscle wasting, progressive oedema,
mental deterioration and finally heart failure. (a.) I, II and IV (b.)
II, III and V (c.) I,III and V (d.) II, IV and V ANSWER: d EXPLANATION:
(d) Statements II, IV and V are correct regarding beri-beri disease.
#QID# 26317 (192.) Which of the following diseases is caused due to
allergic reaction? (a.) Leprosy (b.) Typhoid (c.) Asthma BUY COURSE FROM
| DOWNLOAD APP NOW| +91-920-630-6398 (d.) Tetanus ANSWER: c EXPLANATION:
(c) Most common allergen for asthma is house dust, pollen grains, smoke,
etc. Asthma is characterized by narrowing and inflammation of bronchi,
bronchiospasm and difficulty in breathing. #QID# 26318 (193.) Which of
the following is a pair of viral diseases? (a.) Ringworm, AIDS (b.)
Common cold, AIDS (c.) Dysentery, common cold (d.) Typhoid, tuberculosis
ANSWER: b EXPLANATION: (b) Common cold and AIDS are viral diseases,
occur due to Myxo virus and Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
respectively. The causative agents of ringworm disease are fungi
Trichophyton and Microsporum. Typhoid and tuberculosis are bacterial
diseases caused by Salmonella typhi and Mycobacterium tuberculosis
respectively. #QID# 26319 (194.) ‘Lock jaw’ is another name of BUY
SPARK PCMB | DOWNLOAD APP NOW| +91-920-630-6398 (a.) Malaria (b.)
Kala-azar (c.) Tetanus (d.) Diphtheria ANSWER: c EXPLANATION: (c)
Tetanus is also known as ‘lock jaw’ disease. It is caused by the
bacteria Clostridium tetani. #QID# 26320 (195.) Choose the wrong
statement regarding AIDS. (a.) AIDS is an immunodeficiency disease (b.)
It is caused by the retrovirus HIV (c.) HIV selectively infects and
kills B-lymphocytes (d.) Retroviruses have RNA genomes that replicate
via DNA intermediate ANSWER: c EXPLANATION: (c) AIDS (Aquired Immuno
Deficiency Syndrome) is caused by HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus).
This virus selectively infects and kills the helper T- lymphocytes.
Hence, the disease is characterized by reduction in the number of helper
T-lymphocytes and breakdown of the immune system of the body. #QID#
26321 (196.) Osteomalacia is a deficiency disease of BUY COURSE FROM
| DOWNLOAD APP NOW| +91-920-630-6398 (a.) Infants due to protein energy
malnutrition (b.) adults due to protein energy malnutrition (c.) Adults
due to vitamin-D deficiency (d.) Infants due to vitamin-K deficiency
ANSWER: c EXPLANATION: (c) Deficiency of vitamin-D causes weak bones,
bone deformities, rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults.
Marasmus is caused due to protein energy malnutrition. #QID# 26322
(197.) Study the following sentences. I. The cells of malignant tumours
divide erratically. II. They are malignant tumours of epithelial cells.
III. They are malignant tumours of organs that originate from mesoderm.
IV. These tumours are found in organs such as spleen and lymph nodes.
Which of the above are true for angiosarcoma? (a.) I and II (b.) II and
IV (c.) I and III (d.) II and III ANSWER: c EXPLANATION: (c) Tumour that
spreads and eventually caused ill health and death are described as
malignant results from a breakdown of the regulatory mechanisms that
govern BUY COURSE FROM STORE TO GET INSTANT ANSWER AND EXPLANATION OF
EACH QUESTION SPARK PCMB | DOWNLOAD APP NOW| +91-920-630-6398 normal
cell behaviour. Sarcoma is a cancer of primitive mesoderma tissue and
involves malignant tumours the cells of which divide erratically. #QID#
26323 (198.) Spleen is a storage site for (a.) Erythrocytes (b.)
Basophils (c.) Platelets (d.) Neutrophils ANSWER: a EXPLANATION: (a)
Spleen is a large reservoir of erythrocytes. The spleen is a large
bean-shaped organ. It mainly contains lymphocytes and phagocytes #QID#
26324 (199.) Tobacco contains (a.) Nicotine (b.) Amphitamins (c.) Carbon
monoxide (d.) Both (a) and (c) ANSWER: a EXPLANATION: (a) Tobacco
contains a large number of chemical substances including nicotine, an
alkaloid BUY COURSE FROM STORE TO GET INSTANT ANSWER AND EXPLANATION OF
EACH QUESTION SPARK PCMB | DOWNLOAD APP NOW| +91-920-630-6398 Tobacco
contains large number of chemical substances including nicotine, an
alkaloid. Nicotine stimulates adrenal gland to release adrenaline and
noradrenaline into blood circulation, both of which raise blood
pressure and increases the heart rate #QID# 26325 (200.) The best
HLA(Human Leucocyte Antigen) match for transplants in order of
preference is (a.) Parent>sibling>twin>unrelated donor (b.) Sibling>
twin> Parent> unrelated donor (c.) twin> unrelated donor> parent>
sibling (d.) Twin> sibling> Parent> unrelated donor ANSWER: d
EXPLANATION: (d) The best HLA match for transplants in order of
preference is as follows: Identical twins>sibling(brother and
sister)>parent>unrelated donor #QID# 26326 (201.) Quinine is obtained
from (a.) Bark of Cinchona (b.) Root if Cinchona (c.) Wood of Cinchona
(d.) Leaves of Cinchona ANSWER: a EXPLANATION: (a) BUY COURSE FROM STORE
DOWNLOAD APP NOW| +91-920-630-6398 The drug quinine is obtained from the
bark of Cinchona. #QID# 26327 (202.) Antigen binds to antibody. The
binding is result of (a.) Electrostatic interactions (b.) Covalent bonds
(c.) Disulphide bridges (d.) Amide formation ANSWER: a EXPLANATION: (a)
Antigen-antibody binding is electrostatic, i.e., non-covalent
hydrophobic, van dar waal’s ionic, etc. #QID# 26328 (203.) The process
of introduction of weakened inactivated pathogen into human body is
called (a.) Immunization (b.) Vaccination (c.) Attenuation (d.) None of
these ANSWER: b EXPLANATION: (b) BUY COURSE FROM STORE TO GET INSTANT
+91-920-630-6398 In vaccination pathogens are introduced into the body
in a weakened form. The process causes the body to produce enough
antibodies to protect against the pathogens, while not getting diseased
#QID# 26329 (204.) Female infanticide is commonly reported from (a.)
Usalampatti (b.) Madurai (c.) Kanyakumari (d.) Rajasthan ANSWER: a
EXPLANATION: (a) Female infanticide means murder of female infant. It is
commonly reported from Usalampatti. #QID# 26330 (205.) Which of the
following disease is caused by the member of retrovirus group? (a.)
Cancer (b.) AIDS (c.) Dengue (d.) Common cold ANSWER: b EXPLANATION: (b)
QUESTION SPARK PCMB | DOWNLOAD APP NOW| +91-920-630-6398 AIDS disease is
caused by the member of retrovirus group. Human immunodeficiency Virus
(HIV) is a lentivirus (slowly replicating retrovirus) that causes
Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) #QID# 26331 (206.) The term
‘antibiotic’ was coined by (a.) Selman Waksman (b.) Alexander Fleming
(c.) Edward Jenner (d.) Louis Pasteur ANSWER: a EXPLANATION: (a) The
terum ‘antibiotics’ was first time used by S A Waksman in 1945.
Antibiotics are the substances which are produced by microorganisms such
as fungi or bacteria. These substances are harmful to the growth of the
microorganisms, e.g., penicillin, streptomycin, chloramphenicol, etc.
#QID# 26332 (207.) All of the following are examples of mucosa
associated lymphoid tissue except (a.) Appendix (b.) Peyer’s patches
(c.) Tonsils (d.) Liver ANSWER: d BUY COURSE FROM STORE TO GET INSTANT
+91-920-630-6398 EXPLANATION: (d) Liver is not a lymphoid tissue. The
liver is a vital organ present in vertebrates and some other animals. It
has a wide range of functions, including detoxification, protein
synthesis, and production of biochemical necessary for digestion #QID#
26333 (208.) Give the name of two helminthes, which causes ascariasis
and filariasis respectively (a.) Ascaris and Wuchereria (b.) Wuchereria
and Ascaris (c.) Roundworm and Flatworm (d.) Plasmodium and Wuchereria
ANSWER: a EXPLANATION: (a) Ascariasis is caused by an intestinal
endoparasite or human. ‘Ascaris lumbricoides’, commonly called
roundworm. Filariasis is caused by filarial worms, Wuchereria bancrofti
and Wuchereria malayi #QID# 26334 (209.) Sir Godfery Hounsfield
developed the diagnostic technique of (a.) CT scanning (b.) MRI (c.)
Endoscopy (d.) Bronchoscopy ANSWER: a BUY COURSE FROM STORE TO GET
APP NOW| +91-920-630-6398 EXPLANATION: (a) Sir Godfery Newbold
Hounsfield, an English electrical engineer who shared the 1979 Noble
Prize for Physiology or Medicine with Allan MacLeod Cormak for his part
in developing diagnostic technique of X-ray computed tomography (CT
scanning). He died in August 2004. #QID# 26335 (210.) Hypersensitivity
to an allergen is due to (a.) Aberrant function of immune system (b.)
Food habits (c.) Increase in humidity (d.) Increase in temperature
ANSWER: a EXPLANATION: (a) The exaggerated response of the immune system
to certain antigens present in the environment is called allergy #QID#
26336 (211.) The following table shows certain diseases, their causative
organisms and symptoms I. Filariasis A Inflammation II. Typhoid B High
fever stomach pain III. C Rhinoviruses Nasal congestion and discharge
IV. Ascariasis Ascaris D Diseases Causative Organisms Symptoms BUY
SPARK PCMB | DOWNLOAD APP NOW| +91-920-630-6398 The correct option
regarding A B C , , and D is (a.) A-Wuchereria, B-Salmonella typhi,
C-Common cold, D-Internal bleeding, fever, anaemia (b.) A-Salmonella
typhi, B-Ascaris, C-Typhoid, D-Stomach pain headache (c.) A-Ascaris,
B-Entamoeba histolytica, C-Pneumonia, D-Constipation, fever (d.)
A-Entamoeba histolytica, B- Salmonella typhi, C- Common cold, D- Nasal
discharge, high fever ANSWER: a EXPLANATION: (a) A-Wuchereria,
B-Salmonella typhi, C-Common cold, D-Internal bleeding, fever and
anaemia #QID# 26337 (212.) Which part of the brain is affected first in
a drunk person? (a.) Cerbrum (b.) Olfactory lobe (c.) Cerebellum (d.)
Medulla oblongata ANSWER: c EXPLANATION: (c) Cerebellum is concerned
with balance of body. It receives information from the organ of balance
in the ears and controls all the movements involving voluntary muscles.
It is the part of brain affected first in a drunk person. BUY COURSE
PCMB | DOWNLOAD APP NOW| +91-920-630-6398 #QID# 26338 (213.) African
sleeping sickness is caused by (a.) Trypanosoma (b.) Leishmania (c.)
Latimeria (d.) Plasmodium ANSWER: a EXPLANATION: (a) African sleeping
sickness or African trypanomiasis is a disease of tropical Africa. It is
caused by the blood parasitic Protozoa, Trypansoma gambiense. #QID#
26339 (214.) Cocaine, an alkaloid is obtained from the leaves of (a.)
Erythroxylon coca (b.) Ephedra sp. (c.) Digitalis purpurea (d.) Papaver
somniferum ANSWER: a EXPLANATION: (a) Cocaine is an alkaloid obtained
from the leaves of Erythroxylon coca of family- Erthroxylaceae. It is
used as local anaesthetic as well as stimulant for the digestive and
nervous system. #QID# 26340 BUY COURSE FROM STORE TO GET INSTANT ANSWER
+91-920-630-6398 (215.) Fungi belonging to genera Mircoporum
Trichophyton Epidermophyton , and are responsible for (a.) Ringworm (b.)
Skin allergy (c.) Amoebiasis (d.) Measles ANSWER: a EXPLANATION: (a) A
fungus parasitic upon the skin, usually a species of Microsporum,
Epidermophyton or Trichophyton is responsible for ringworm. They are
also called cutaneous fungus #QID# 26341 (216.) A localized inflammatory
response appears at the site of infection causes redness, swelling, pain
and heat due to certain chemicals, they are (a.) Histamine and
prostaglandins (b.) Cerumen and mucus (c.) Histamine and cerumen (d.)
Prostaglandins and cerumen ANSWER: a #QID# 26342 (217.) A drug called
morphine is obtained from (a.) Rauwolffia serpentina (b.) Cannabis
sativa BUY COURSE FROM STORE TO GET INSTANT ANSWER AND EXPLANATION OF
EACH QUESTION SPARK PCMB | DOWNLOAD APP NOW| +91-920-630-6398 (c.)
Cajanus cajan (d.) Papaver somniferum ANSWER: d EXPLANATION: (d) The
drug morphine is obtained from P. somniferum. #QID# 26343 (218.)
Scientists were able to pinpoint the location of colour processing
centers in the visual cortex of the brain by means of (a.) PET (b.) NMR
(c.) CT-scan (d.) X-ray ANSWER: a EXPLANATION: (a) ELISA (Enzyme Linked
Immune Sorbent Assay) is used for detection of AIDS, virus and
antibodies. It is a standard test for detecting the presence of antibody
directed against HIV. ELISA is well used for detection of viruses,
fungi, bacteria, etc. #QID# 26344 (219.) Interferon –β is also termed as
(a.) Immune interferon (b.) Fibroblast interferon BUY COURSE FROM STORE
DOWNLOAD APP NOW| +91-920-630-6398 (c.) Leucocyte interferon (d.)
Anti-immune interferon ANSWER: a EXPLANATION: (a) Interferon-β is also
termed as immune interferon. #QID# 26345 (220.) The disease caused by
virus, which is 42 nm in size and contains double stranded DNA is (a.)
Hepatitis-A (b.) AIDS (c.) Hepatitis-B (d.) Leprosy ANSWER: c
EXPLANATION: (c) Hepatitis-B virus contains double stranded DNA, while
Hepatitis-C, Hepatitis-E, Hepatitis-A and HIV contain single stranded
RNA #QID# 26346 (221.) Smoking causes (a.) Heart disease (b.) Gastric
ulcer (c.) Bronchitis (d.) All of these BUY COURSE FROM STORE TO GET
APP NOW| +91-920-630-6398 ANSWER: d EXPLANATION: (d) Smoking increases
the chances of lung cancer, bronchitis, emphysema, coronary heart
diseases, cancer of throat, gastric ulcer, cancer of urinary bladder,
etc. #QID# 26347 (222.) A person is suffering from frequent episodes of
nasal discharge, nasal congestion, reddening of eyes and watery eyes.
These are the symptoms of (a.) Cyanosis (b.) Bronchitis (c.) Rhinitis
(d.) Bronchial carcinoma ANSWER: c EXPLANATION: (c) Rhinitis, commonly
known as runny nose, is the medical term describing irration and
inflammation of some internal areas of the nose. The primary symptom of
rhinitis is nasal dripping. It is caused by chronic or acute
inflammation of the mucous membrane of the nose due to viruses, bacteria
or irritants. Rhinitis affects an individual’s nose, throat or eyes and
cause an increase in fluid production within these areas. #QID# 26348
(223.) Which of the following is a viral disease? (a.) Typhoid BUY
SPARK PCMB | DOWNLOAD APP NOW| +91-920-630-6398 (b.) Polio (c.) TB (d.)
Leprosy ANSWER: b EXPLANATION: (b) Polio or polio myelitis is an
infective viral disease infants and childrens. It is caused by small RNA
virus (polio virus or enterovirus). #QID# 26349 (224.) Immunodeficiency
makes a person highly susceptible to infection. It is caused by (a.)
Lack of B-cells (b.) Lack of T-cells (c.) Both (a) and (b.) (d.) None of
the above ANSWER: c EXPLANATION: (c) The B-cells and T-cells are
produced in bone marrow. The T-cells (T-helper cells) stimulate B-cells
to produce antibodies. Antibodies are the main component of immune
system. Immunodeficiency is characterized by a very low number of
circulating lymphocytes (B and T-cells) and the affected persons usually
die at an early stage. #QID# 26350 BUY COURSE FROM STORE TO GET INSTANT
+91-920-630-6398 (225.) The causative agent of filaria is (a.)
Wuchereria bancrofti (b.) Leishmania donovani (c.) Plasmodium vivax (d.)
Trypanosoma gambiens ANSWER: a EXPLANATION: (a) Filariasis is also known
as elephantiasis as the legs become very heavy, stouts and
elephant-like. This disease is caused by Wuchereria bancrofti or
filarial worm, which invades in lymphatic or connective tissues. It
spreads by the bite of culex mosquitoes. #QID# 26351 (226.) Chemical
carcinogens present in smoke have been identified as a major cause of
(a.) Lung cancer (b.) Liver cancer (c.) Oral cancer (d.) None of these
ANSWER: a EXPLANATION: (a) Chemical carcinogens present in smoke have
been identified as a major cause of lung cancer BUY COURSE FROM STORE TO
DOWNLOAD APP NOW| +91-920-630-6398 #QID# 26352 (227.) The cancer of the
epithelial cells is called (a.) Leukaemia (b.) Lipoma (c.) Sarcoma (d.)
Carcinoma ANSWER: d EXPLANATION: (d) The cancer of epithelial cells is
called carcinoma. It is a tumour that arises in the tissue that line the
body’s organ like the nose, the colon, the penis, breast, etc. About 80%
of all cancers are carcinomas. Leukaemia are cancers of blood or blood
terming organ. Sarcoma originates in mesodermal tissue like bone,
connective tissue muscle, cartilage, fibrous tissue or fat. #QID# 26353
(228.) Cell-mediated immunity is responsible for (a.) Graft rejection
(b.) Passive immunity (c.) Organ surgery (d.) Innate immunity ANSWER: a
EXPLANATION: (a) Transplant rejection is caused by the body’s immune
response to foreign material. Cell-mediated immunity is responsible for
graft rejection BUY COURSE FROM STORE TO GET INSTANT ANSWER AND
+91-920-630-6398 #QID# 26354 (229.) Physiological barrier which prevents
entry of microorganism in our body is/are (a.) Acid in the stomach (b.)
Saliva in the mouth (c.) Tears from eyes (d.) All of these ANSWER: d
EXPLANATION: (d) Physiological barriers Acid in the stomach, saliva in
the mouth, tears from eyes all prevent microbial growth #QID# 26355
(230.) Antiviral substances, produced by many vertebrates in response to
viral infections for resisting the multiplication of viruses as known as
(a.) Viroid (b.) Interferon (c.) Antivirin (d.) Antigen ANSWER: b
EXPLANATION: (b) Interferons. Virus infected cells secrete proteins
called interferons, which protect non-infected cells from further viral
infection BUY COURSE FROM STORE TO GET INSTANT ANSWER AND EXPLANATION OF
EACH QUESTION SPARK PCMB | DOWNLOAD APP NOW| +91-920-630-6398 #QID#
26356 (231.) Study the given diagram and name the labelled AB, and C
(a.) A-Gametocytes, B-Salivary glands, C-Sporozoites (b.) A-Sporozoites,
B-Salivary glands, C-Gametocytes (c.) A-Salivary glands, B-Sporozoites,
C-Gametocytes (d.) A-Salivary glands, B-Gametocytes, C-Sporozoites
ANSWER: a EXPLANATION: (a) A-Gametocytes, B-Salivary glands,
C-Sporozoites #QID# 26357 (232.) Who developed vaccine against smallpox?
(a.) Lousi Pasteur (b.) Selman Waksman (c.) Edward jenner (d.) Alexander
Flemming BUY COURSE FROM STORE TO GET INSTANT ANSWER AND EXPLANATION OF
EACH QUESTION SPARK PCMB | DOWNLOAD APP NOW| +91-920-630-6398 ANSWER: d
EXPLANATION: (d) Smallpox is an acute, highly communicable disease
caused by variola virus. It has now been largely controlled through
vaccination. Smallpox vaccine was first prepared by Edward Jenner in
1798. #QID# 26358 (233.) The main reason, why antibiotics could not
solve all the problems of bacterial disease, is (a.) Inactivation of
antibiotics by bacterial enzyme (b.) Decreased efficiency of the immune
system (c.) The development of mutant strains resistant to antibiotics
(d.) Insensitivity of the individual following long exposure to
antibisotics ANSWER: c EXPLANATION: (c) Antibodies could not solve all
the problems of bacterial disease due to development of mutant strains
resistant to antibodies. #QID# 26359 (234.) ELISA assay (a.) Use
complement mediated cells lysis (b.) User a radiobelled second antibody
(c.) Involves addition of substrate which is converted into coloured end
product (d.) Requires red blood cells BUY COURSE FROM STORE TO GET
APP NOW| +91-920-630-6398 ANSWER: c EXPLANATION: (c) In ELISA (Enzyme
Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay), the antibody is bound to an inert polymer
support than exposed to the sample. The second antibody used is one that
has an enzyme attached to it that converts a colourless or
nonfluorescent substrate into a coloured or fluorescent produet. #QID#
26360 (235.) Cross sectional image of internal body structure can be
obtained by using which medical technique? (a.) ECG - Electro Cardio
Graph (b.) EEG - Electro Encephalo Graph (c.) CAT - Computerized Axial
Tomography (d.) PET - Positron Emission Tomography ANSWER: c
EXPLANATION: (c) Computerized axial tomography (CAT) is specialized
technique for study of various parts inside the skull and location of
any pathological condition. #QID# 26361 (236.) Communicable disease
means (a.) The disease transmitted from man to man (b.) The disease
caused by biological agents (c.) Both (a) and (b.) BUY COURSE FROM STORE
DOWNLOAD APP NOW| +91-920-630-6398 (d.) Present from birth or inherited
ANSWER: c #QID# 26362
Page 1 of 324
QUESTION
SPARK PCMB | DOWNLOAD APP NOW| +91-920-630-6398
08. HUMAN HEALTH and DISEASE
#QID# 26126
(1.) Cannabis sativa is the source of
(a.) Opium
(b.) LSD
(c.) Marijuana
(d.) cocaine
ANSWER: c
EXPLANATION: (c)
The flower tops leaves and the resin of the plant Cannabis sativa are
used in
various combinations to produce marijuana, hashish, charas and ganja.

Generally
taken by inhalation and oral ingestion, these are known for their effect on
cardiovascular system of the body. A group of chemicals cannabinoids

interact
with cannabinoids receptors present principally in the brain. Natural

cannabinoids
are obtained from the inflorescence of the plant Cannabis sativa.
#QID# 26127
(2.) Which of the following is a pair of bacterial diseases?
(a.) Typhoid and Pneumonia
(b.) Malaria and AIDS
(c.) Ringworm and AIDS
(d.) Cold and Malaria
ANSWER: a
Page 1 of 324
Page 2 of 324
QUESTION
EXPLANATION: (a)
Typhoid is caused by pathogenic bacterium Salmonella typhi. It is spread by
contaminated food and water.
Pneumonia is caused by bacteria Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus
influenza. It is spread by inhaling droplets/aerosol from infected

persons and
sharing glasses and utensils with an infented person
#QID# 26128
(3.) Which of the following is a protozoan disease?
(a.) Malaria
(b.) Amoebiasis
(c.) Sleeping sickness
(d.) All of these
ANSWER: d
EXPLANATION: (d)
Malaria, amoebiasis and sleeping sickness all are protozoan diseases

caused by
the protozoans Plasmodium, Amoeba and Trypanosoma respectively.
#QID# 26129
(4.) Antibody is connected with
(a.) Skeletal system
(b.) Circulatory system
(c.) Immune system
(d.) Respiratory system
ANSWER: c
Page 2 of 324
Page 3 of 324
QUESTION
EXPLANATION: (c)
Antibody is connected with immune system. B-lymphocytes or B-cells produce
an army of proteins called antibodies in blood, in response to pathogens
#QID# 26130
(5.) Which of the following vaccines are injected to babies at age of
1 1 1 1 , 2 and 3
2 2 2
months?
(a.) DPT-Hib and polio
(b.) Polio and BCG
(c.) BCG and DPT-Hib
(d.) BCG and hepatitis-B
ANSWER: a
EXPLANATION: (a)
Vaccination schedule for babies(for first six months) comprises- Age

Vaccination Three
Dose
Birth- 12
month
DTP- Hib(diphtheria,
whooping
cough/pertussis
and
tetanus)and
Haemophilus
influenzae
type- BPolioHepatiti
121 1 , 2 ,3
1 2 2
months
1 1 1 1 ,2 ,3
2 2 2
monthsB
irth, 1
month, 6
monthsO
ne dose
Page 3 of 324
Page 4 of 324
QUESTION
s-B and ABCG
against
TB(Bacillus
Calmette
Guerin)
#QID# 26131
(6.) Interferons protect healthy cells in human from
(a.) Viral infection
(b.) Bacterial infection
(c.) Fungal infection
(d.) Protozoan infection
ANSWER: a
EXPLANATION: (a)
Interferons block viral reproduction in healthy cells
#QID# 26132
(7.) During an allergic reaction, the binding of antigens to IgE antibodies
initiates a response, in which chemicals cause the dilation of blood

vessels
and a host of other physiological changes. Such chemicals are
(a.) Interferons
(b.) Hormones
(c.) Histamines
(d.) acetylamine
ANSWER: c
Page 4 of 324
Page 5 of 324
QUESTION
EXPLANATION: (c)
Histamine is released from mast cells during allergic reactions.

Histamine can
occur in various tissues but is concentrated in connective tissue. It is

formed from
the amino acids histidine . It causes dilation and increases

permeability of small
blood vessels, which results in such symptoms as localised swelling,

itching,
sneezing and runny eyes and nose.
#QID# 26133
(8.) Colostrum provides the infant with
(a.) Autoimmunity
(b.) Passive immunity
(c.) Active immunity
(d.) Innate immunity
ANSWER: b
EXPLANATION: (b)
The acquisition of the antibodies in colostrum by an infant is an

example of
(naturally acquired) passive immunity. The yellowish fluid colostrum

secreted by
mother during the initial days of lactation has abundant antibodies

(IgA) to
protect the infant
#QID# 26134
(9.) Which class of antibodies is abundant in body secretion

(a.) IgM
(b.) IgA
(c.) IgG
(d.) IgE
Page 5 of 324
Page 6 of 324
QUESTION
ANSWER: b
EXPLANATION: (b)
IgA.
IgA antibody is secretory antibody and is present abundantly in mucous

linings
of gastrointestinal, respiratory and genitourinary tracts, tears,

colostrum and
saliva. Thus, secretory IgA contributes to the humoral defense mechanism

against
the pathogens on mucosal surfaces
#QID# 26135
(10.) Which of the following cells are related with inflammatory

reactions and
immediate hypersensitivity?
(a.) Mast cells
(b.) Plasma cells
(c.) Both (a) and (b.)
(d.) All of these
ANSWER: a
EXPLANATION: (a)
Mast cells are involved in inflammatory reactions and immediate sensitivity
allergic reactions because immunoglobulins IgE is found to the surface

of mast
cells and release histamine.
#QID# 26136
(11.) ELISA is used to detect viruses, where the key reagent is
(a.) DNA probe
Page 6 of 324
Page 7 of 324
QUESTION
(b.) RNA Aase
(c.) Alkaline phosphatase
(d.) Catalase
ANSWER: c
EXPLANATION: (c)
The enzymes used for labelling in ELISA include horse radish peroxidase,
alkaline phosphataes,
 -galactosidase, lactoperoxidase, etc.
#QID# 26137
(12.) Which of the following health disorder includes symptoms of fever,

chills,
cough, headache, gray or bluish lips and finger’s nails?
(a.) Filariasis
(b.) Typhoid
(c.) Pneumonia
(d.) Malaria
ANSWER: c
EXPLANATION: (c)
The symptoms of pneumonia includes fever, chills, cough and headache. In
severe cases, the lips and finger nails may turn gray to bluish in colour
#QID# 26138
(13.) What is the main lymphoid organ where all blood cells including
lymphocytes are produced?
(a.) Bone marrow
Page 7 of 324
Page 8 of 324
QUESTION
(b.) Tonsils
(c.) Liver
(d.) Spleen
ANSWER: a
EXPLANATION: (a)
Blood cells are made in the bone marrow. Erythrocytes or red blood
cells, are
constantly being produced and released from marrow tissue. Leukocytes or

white
blood cells are also produced in the bone marrow. B-cells are leukocytes
that are
made and mature in the bone marrow while T-cells mature in thymus
#QID# 26139
(14.) The tendency of the body to manifest a characteristic and unpleasant
withdrawal syndrome on abrupt discontinuation of regular dose of
drugs/alcohol is called
(a.) Depression
(b.) Dependence
(c.) Abnormalty
(d.) All of these
ANSWER: b
EXPLANATION: (b)
The tendency of the body to manifest a characteristic and unpleasant

withdrawal
syndrome on abrupt discontinuation of regular dose of drugs/alcohol is
called
dependence
#QID# 26140
Page 8 of 324
Page 9 of 324
QUESTION
(15.) Regarding common cold consider the following statements
I. Rhinovirus is responsible for common cold which infects the nasal
epithelium and respiratory passage but not the lungs
II. The symptoms of common cold included nasal congestion and
discharge, sore throat, gruffiness, cough, headache and tiredness
Which of the statement given above is/are correct?
(a.) Only I
(b.) Only II
(c.) I and II
(d.) None of these
ANSWER: c
EXPLANATION: (c)
Rhinovirus represents one such group of viruses, which causes one of the
most
infectious human ailments- the common cold. They infect the nose and
respiratory passage. Symptoms of common cold are nasal congestion and
discharge, sore throat, hoarseness, cough, headache, tiredness, etc.
#QID# 26141
(16.) Mast cells have important role in the development of
(a.) Allergens
(b.) Allergy
(c.) Inflammation
(d.) Both (b) and (c)
ANSWER: d
EXPLANATION: (d)
Page 9 of 324
Page 10 of 324
QUESTION
Mast cells play a critical role in allergy and inflammation. Allergy is

due to the
#QID# 26142
(17.) Which of the following is related to humoral immunity?
(a.) T-lymphocyte
(b.) B- lymphocyte
(c.) I- lymphocyte
(d.) P- lymphocyte
ANSWER: b
EXPLANATION: (b)
The term humor refers to plasma and lymph. B-lymphocytes mature within the
bone marrow. The progeny of B-cells differentiate into memory B-cells and
effector B-cells called plasma cells. A single plasma cell can secrete
more than
2000 molecule of antibody per second. Secreted antibodies are major

effector
molecules of humoral immunity.
#QID# 26143
(18.) Note the following words.
I. Skin II. Phagocytes
III.B-cells IV. Inflammation

V. Antibodies VI. T-cells
VII. Fever VIII. Antimicrobial proteins
IX. NK-cells X. Secretions
Identify the factors involved in second line of defence.
(a.) II, IV, VII and IX
(b.) II, III, V and IX
(c.) IV, VI, VIII and X
Page 10 of 324
Page 11 of 324
QUESTION
(d.) III, V, VII and VIII
ANSWER: a
EXPLANATION: (a)
The second line of non-specific defence is primarily dependent upon

neutrophils
and macrophages, phagocytic white cells (phagocytes) in blood and lymph.
Natural killer cells (NK-cells) also participate in it. The temperature

response
results in a fever that stimulates phagocytosis, inhibits microbial

growth and
reduces blood iron levels.
#QID# 26144
(19.) BCG vaccine is used against
(a.) TB
(b.) Leprosy
(c.) Food poisoning
(d.) None of these
ANSWER: a
EXPLANATION: (a)
BCG vaccine is used against TB (tuberculosis), which is a bacterial disease
caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. BCG vaccine was developed by
Calmette and Guerin.
#QID# 26145
(20.) Allergens are
(a.) Infectious and increased secretion of IgE
Page 11 of 324
Page 12 of 324
QUESTION
(b.) Non-infectious and increased secretion of IgE
(c.) Infectious and increased secretion of IgG
(d.) Non-infectious and increased secretion of IgM
ANSWER: b
EXPLANATION: (b)
Allergens are non-infections foreign substances that cause allergic

reaction. The
common allergens are dust, pollen, mould spores, fabrics, lipsticks,

nailpaints,
fur, heat, bacteria, etc.
Allergy involves mainly the secretion of IgE antibodies and histamine. The
allergy causes marked dilation of all the peripheral blood vessels.
#QID# 26146
(21.) Smoking results in ...A... build up in the blood and reduce

...B... delivery
to the tissue.
Here A and B refers to
(a.) A-carbon dioxide; B-carbon monoxide
(b.) A-carbon dioxide; B-oxygen
(c.) A-carbon monoxide; B-oxygen

(d.) A-oxygen; B-carbon monoxide
ANSWER: c
EXPLANATION: (c)
A-Carbon monoxide; B-Oxygen.
Smoking increases carbon monoxide (CO) content in the blood and reduces the
concentration of haembound oxygen. This causes oxygen deficiency in the

body
Page 12 of 324
Page 13 of 324
QUESTION
#QID# 26147
(22.) What is true about T-lymphocytes is mammals?
(a.) They scavenge damaged cells and cellular debris
(b.) These are produced in thyroid
(c.) There are three main types-cyctotoxic T-cells, helper T-cells and
suppressor T-cells
(d.) These originate in lymphoid tissues
ANSWER: c
EXPLANATION: (c)
The function of T-cells is to provide immunity (cellular type) and not

to scavenge
damaged cells and cells and cell debris. These are produced in bone
marrow and
mature in thymus. Hence, the only true statement is that there are three
types of
T-cells, i.e., cytotoxic, helper and suppressor.
#QID# 26148
(23.) The thymus is a lobed organ located near the ...A... and beneath
the ...B...
. The most appropriate combination for A and B is

(a.) A-heart; B-breast bone
(b.) A-liver; B-ribs
(c.) A-heart; B-ribs
(d.) A-intestine; B-ribs
ANSWER: a
EXPLANATION: (a)
Page 13 of 324
Page 14 of 324
QUESTION
The thymus is a lobed organ located near the heart and beneath the
breast bone,
consisting mainly of lymphatic tissue and serving as the site of T-cell
differentiation
#QID# 26149
(24.) Exotoxins are related with
(a.) Tetanus
(b.) Diphtheria
(c.) Cancer
(d.) Both (a) and (b)
ANSWER: c
EXPLANATION: (c)
Pathogenic bacteria cause illness by producing toxins. These toxins

(poisons) are
of two types extoxins and endotoxins . Exotoxins are proteins secreted

by the
bacterial cells, they are sensitive to chemical, light and heat, e.g.,
Tetanus and
Diphtheria causing bacteria
#QID# 26150
(25.) Bacterium, which is concerned with pertussis is

(a.) Bordetella pertussis
(b.) Bacillus
(c.) Diplococcus
(d.) Mycobacterium tuberculum
ANSWER: a
EXPLANATION: (a)
Page 14 of 324
Page 15 of 324
QUESTION
Pertussis (whooping coug) is caused by bacterium Brodetalla Pertussis,
(whooping cough) is caused by bacterium Bordetella pertussis, a rod shaped
Gram(-)ve bacterium. It is the most dangerous disease of childhood, and

affects
respiratory passage resulting in there inflammation in association with

cold
cough, etc.
#QID# 26151
(26.)
Entamoebahistolytica
is causes
(a.) Malaria
(b.) Amoebiasis
(c.) Typhoid
(d.) Filariasis
ANSWER: b
EXPLANATION: (b)
Amoebiasis is an infection of intestine caused by the parasite Entamoeba
histolytica
#QID# 26152
(27.) Consider the following statements
I. Neural system and endocrine system influences our immune system
II. Immune system maintains our health
Which of the statement (s) given above is/are correct?
(a.) Only I
(b.) Only II
(c.) I and II
(d.) None of these
Page 15 of 324
Page 16 of 324
QUESTION
ANSWER: c
EXPLANATION: (c)
Nervous system and endocrine system directly influence our immune

system. Our
immune system have three line of defence when it comes to fighting

illnesses and
infectious diseases
#QID# 26153
(28.) Electrocardiograph was developed by
(a.) Hans Berger
(b.) Willem Kolff
(c.) Willen Einthoven
(d.) Wilhelm Roentgen
ANSWER: c
EXPLANATION: (c)
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) technique was developed by Felix Block
and Edward M Purcell. This technique relies on the Nuclear Magnetic

Resonance (NMR). MRI detects water because it focuses on the behaviour of
hydrogen atoms in water molecule. It is especially useful in studying

brain and
spinal cord. Scapula and canine are osteocytic structures with

negligible water
content so, they do not appear in MRI
#QID# 26154
(29.) Which of the given sets include lymphatic organs?
(a.) Thymus, lymph nodes and spleen
(b.) Liver, spleen and thymus
Page 16 of 324
Page 17 of 324
QUESTION
(c.) Tonsils, Peyer’s patches and liver
(d.) Thymus, liver and tonsils
ANSWER: a
EXPLANATION: (a)
The primary lymphoid organs are bone marrow and thymus. The secondary
lymphoid organs are spleen, lymph nodes, tonsils, Peyer’s patches of small
intestine and appendix
#QID# 26155
(30.) Secondary metabolite is
(a.) Sugar
(b.) Glucose
(c.) Antibiotics
(d.) All of these
ANSWER: c
EXPLANATION: (c)
The chemical compounds which are produced as by –products of cellular
metabolism and are not essential for the survival and growth of
organisms, which
produce them are called secondary metabolite, e.g., alkaloids, steroids,

tannins,
resins, antibiotics, etc.
#QID# 26156
(31.) Identify the molecules
and
given below and select the right option
giving their use and source
Page 17 of 324
Page 18 of 324
QUESTION
Molecule Use Source
(a.)
A Morphine Sedative and pain killer Latex − of poppy plant
Molecule Use Source
(b.)
B Cannabinoid Product marijuana Atropa b − elladona
Molecule Use Source
(c.)
C Heroin Produces hallucinations Cannabi − s sativa
Molecule Use Source
(d.)
D Cocaine Accelerates the Erythroxylum coca
transport of
dopamine
Molecule Use Source
ANSWER: a
EXPLANATION: (a)
Morphine is a potent opiate analgesic drug that is used to relieve

severe pain.
Morphine is the most abundant opiate found in opium, the dried latex
extracted
by shallowly slicing the unripe seed pods of the Papaver somniferum poppy
#QID# 26157
(32.) By recombinant DNA technology, vaccines have been produced on large
scale,
eg. .,
hepatitis-B vaccine is produced from yeast
The above paragraph is
(a.) True
(b.) False
Page 18 of 324
Page 19 of 324
QUESTION
(c.) Sometimes (a) and sometimes (b.)
(d.) Neither (a) nor (b)
ANSWER: b
EXPLANATION: (b)
Recombinant DNA technology has allowed the production of antigenic
polypeptides of pathogen in bacteria or yeast. Vaccines produced using this
approach in bacteria or yeast, allow large scale production and hence

greater
availability for immunization,
eg. .,
hepatitis-B vaccine produced from yeast
#QID# 26158
(33.) What is injected into the patient’s body the determining the cause of
allergy?
(a.) Pure allergen to which the patient is allergic
(b.) IgG
(c.) IgE
(d.) Steroids
ANSWER: a
EXPLANATION: (a)
For determining the cause of allergy, the patient is exposed to or

injected with
very small doses of possible allergens, and the reactions studied
#QID# 26159
(34.) ‘Tunnel vision’ is associated with.
(a.) Alcoholism
Page 19 of 324
Page 20 of 324
QUESTION
(b.) Smoking
(c.) Drug addiction
(d.) epilepsy
ANSWER: a
EXPLANATION: (a)
Tunnel vision is associated with alcoholism. Tunnel vision is the loss of
peripheral vision with retention of central vision resulting in a

constructed
circular tunnel like field of vision.
#QID# 26160
(35.) Which of the following is not a part of secondary lymphatic system?
(a.) Spleen
(b.) Lymph nodes
(c.) Tonsils
(d.) Thymus
ANSWER: d
EXPLANATION: (d)
Liver is not a part of the secondary lymphatic system. The secondary

lymphoid
organs are spleen, lymph nodes, tonsils, Peyer’s patches of small

intestine and
appendix
#QID# 26161
(36.) Which of the following toxic substances is responsible for the

high malarial
fever?
Page 20 of 324
Page 21 of 324
QUESTION
(a.) Haemoglobin
(b.) Haemocyanin
(c.) Haemozoin
(d.) Haemoriden
ANSWER: c
EXPLANATION: (c)
Release of a toxic substance, haemozoin is responsible for chill and

high malarial
fever
#QID# 26162
(37.) Bambykol or gyplure is a
(a.) Drug
(b.) Harmone
(c.) Antibiotic
(d.) pheromone
ANSWER: d
EXPLANATION: (d)
Bombykol or gyplure is a insect pheromone.
#QID# 26163
(38.) A chemical substance produce produced by a microorganism for

inhibiting
the growth of another is
(a.) Antibody
(b.) Antibiotic
Page 21 of 324
Page 22 of 324
QUESTION
(c.) Aflatoxin
(d.) Antiallergic
ANSWER: b
EXPLANATION: (b)
Antibiotic is a substance produced by microorganism that even in low
concentration can inhibit or kill other microorganism, e.g., penicillin

produced by
the fungus Penicillium chrysogenum prevents the reproduction of many

bacteria
by preventing cell wall synthesis.

#QID# 26164
(39.) Carcinoma refers to
(a.) Malignant tumour of the colon
(b.) Benign tumour of the connective tissue
(c.) Malignant tumour of the connective tissue
(d.) Malignant tumour of the skin or mucous membrane
ANSWER: d
EXPLANATION: (d)
Carcinoma is a malignant or metastatic tumour. It can extend to the

neighbouring
cells, this process is called as metastasis. These tumours are generally

lacated in
epithelial tissue and glands, e.g., breast cancer, skin cancer, stomach
cancer, lung
cancer, pancreas cancer, etc.
#QID# 26165
(40.) Who among the following is recognized as the father of immunology?
Page 22 of 324
Page 23 of 324
QUESTION
(a.) Robert Koch
(b.) Ferdinand Kohn
(c.) Edward Jenner
(d.) Louis Pasteur
ANSWER: c
EXPLANATION: (c)
Edward Jenner is recognized as father of Immunology.
Louis Pasteur is recognized as father of Microbiology.
Robert Koch is considered as father of Bacteriology.

#QID# 26166
(41.) Heroin is a
(a.) Diacetyl morphine
(b.) Morphine
(c.) Hemp
(d.) Stimulant
ANSWER: a
EXPLANATION: (a)
Heroin or smack is obtained by acetylation of morphine as a white,

odourless,
bitter, crystalline compound
#QID# 26167
(42.) Monoclonal antibodies are used for
(a.) Immune suppression for kidney transplantation
Page 23 of 324
Page 24 of 324
QUESTION
(b.) Growth induction
(c.) Suppression of symptoms of rabies
(d.) Treatment of breast cancer
ANSWER: a
EXPLANATION: (a)
During organ transplantation, to prevent rejection of donor organ, the

recipient is
given immunosuppressant drugs having challenging
β − cells (plasma cells.).
These antibodies are called monoclonal antibodies.
#QID# 26168
(43.) Non-specific host defence that exists prior to the exposure to an
antigen is
called
(a.) Acquired immunity
(c.) Innate immunity
(d.) Active immunity
ANSWER: c
EXPLANATION: (c)
Innate immunity is present from the birth and it is inherited from

parents. It is
non-specific
#QID# 26169
(44.) Cancer of the internal organs is detected by
(a.) Radiography
Page 24 of 324
Page 25 of 324
QUESTION
(b.) Computed tomography
(c.) Magnetic resonance imaging
(d.) All of the above
ANSWER: d
EXPLANATION: (d)
Techniques like radiography (use of X-rays). CT (Computed Tomography) and
MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) are very useful to detect cancers of the
internal organs. Computed tomography uses X-rays to generate a three-

dimensional image of the internals of an object MRI uses strong magnetic
fields
and non-ionising radiations to accurately detect pathological and

physiological
changes in the living tissues
#QID# 26170
(45.) Full form PMNL is
(a.) Poly Morpho-nuclear Leukocytes
(b.) Para Morpho-nuclear Lymphocytes
(c.) Penta Morpho-nuclear Leukocytes
(d.) Poly Morpho-nuclear Lymphocytes
ANSWER: a
EXPLANATION: (a)
Polymorpho-nuclear leukocytes
#QID# 26171
Page 25 of 324
Page 26 of 324
QUESTION
(46.) A doctor advises a patient to include yellow fruits, carrots and

butter in his
diet. What deficiency disease do you think the patient is suffering from?
(a.) Night blindness
(b.) Colour blindness
(c.) Kwashiorkor diseases
(d.) Marasmus disease
ANSWER: a
EXPLANATION: (a)
Night blindness (nyctalopia) is caused due o deficiency of vitamin-A.

The parent
substance of vitamin-A is
 -carotene, which is called a provitamin. It is obtained
from fish, liver, oils, milk, carrot, spinach, tomatoes, etc.
#QID# 26172
(47.) Which one of the following is correctly matched?
(a.) Body louse - Typhoid
(b.) House fly - Yellow fever
(c.) Anopheles - Malaria
(d.) Aedes - Plague
ANSWER: c
EXPLANATION: (c)
Malaria is widely known human disease caused by infection with pathogenic
protozoan, the Plasmodium. Female Anopheles mosquitoes transmit Plasmodium
from person to person.
Page 26 of 324
Page 27 of 324
QUESTION
#QID# 26173
(48.) To which type of barriers under innate immunity?
Saliva in the mouth and the tears from the eyes belongs?
(a.) Cytokine barriers
(b.) Cellular barriers
(c.) Physiological barriers
(d.) physical barriers
ANSWER: c
EXPLANATION: (c)
Physicological barriers like body temperature, pH of the body fluid and

various
body secretion (saliva, tears) prevent the growth of many disease causing
microorganisms.
#QID# 26174
(49.) After drinking alcohol, a person walks clumsily because, the alcohol
affects his
(a.) Cerebellum
(b.) Cerebrum
(c.) Medulla oblongata
(d.) Spinal cord
ANSWER: a
EXPLANATION: (a)
Alcoholism is dependency of a person on regular consumption of alcohol.

In this
cerebellum becomes affected which results the loss of muscle

coordination so,
affected person shows staggering gait and incoherent speech.
Page 27 of 324
Page 28 of 324
QUESTION
#QID# 26175
(50.) An uncontrolled division or proliferation of cells without any
differentiation is called
(a.) Cancer
(b.) AIDS
(c.) Filariasis
(d.) None of these
ANSWER: a
EXPLANATION: (a)
Cancer is defined as an uncontrolled division or proliferation of cells

without any
differentiation
#QID# 26176
(51.) AIDS virus is also known as

(a.) HIV
(b.) HTL V-III
(c.) LAV
(d.) All of these
ANSWER: d
EXPLANATION: (d)
HIV is Human Immunodeficiency virus, HTLV-III is human T-Lymphotrophic
Virus type-III, LAV is Lymphadenopthy Associated virus. All are the name of
AIDS virus.
Page 28 of 324
Page 29 of 324
QUESTION
#QID# 26177
(52.) Opioids are the drugs, which bind to specific opioid receptors
present in
our
(a.) Central nervous system
(b.) Gastrointestinal tract
(d.) Urinogenital system
ANSWER: c
EXPLANATION: (c)
Opioids are the drugs, which binds to specific opioid receptors present
in our
central nervous system and gastro intestinal tract
#QID# 26178
(53.) Which one of the followin pairs is not correctly matched?
(a.) Streptomyces - Antibiotic

(b.) Serratia - Drug Addiction
(c.) Spirulina - Single cell protein
(d.) Rhizobium - Biofertilizer
ANSWER: d
EXPLANATION: (d)
Serratia is a harmful human pathogen, which has been known to cause urinary
tract infections, wound infections, pneumonia.
Page 29 of 324
Page 30 of 324
QUESTION
#QID# 26179
(54.) Cocaine is obtained from
(a.) Erythroxylum coca
(b.) Cannabis sativa
(c.) Datura
(d.) Opium plant
ANSWER: a
EXPLANATION: (a)
Cocaine is a crystalline alkaloid that is obtained from the leaves of

the coca plant
(Erythroxylum coca)
#QID# 26180
(55.) How many variable segments are present in the basic structure of
antibody
molecules?
(a.) One
(b.) Two
(c.) Three
(d.) Four
ANSWER: d
EXPLANATION: (d)
An antibody molecule has four peptide chains, two small called light
chains and
two longer, called heavy chains. Hence, an antibody is represented as
2 2 H C .
Page 30 of 324
Page 31 of 324
QUESTION
#QID# 26181
(56.) The incubation period for hepatitis-B virus is
(a.) 15-20 days
(b.) 30-180 days
(c.) 42-56 days
(d.) One weak
ANSWER: b
EXPLANATION: (b)
Incubation period of hepatitis-B virus is form 30 to 180 days.
#QID# 26182
(57.) Main barrier which prevents the entry of disease’s causing

organism in our
body is
(a.) Skin
(b.) Saliva
(c.) Lymphocytes
(d.) Interferons
ANSWER: a
EXPLANATION: (a)
Skin on our body is the main barrier, which prevents entry of the
microorganisms.
Mucous coating of the epithelium lining the respiratory,

gastrointestinal and
urogenital tracts also help in trapping microbes entering our body
#QID# 26183
Page 31 of 324
Page 32 of 324
QUESTION
(58.) The primary host of Plasmodium is
(a.) Man
(b.) Male Culex
(c.) sheep
(d.) Female Anopheles
ANSWER: d
EXPLANATION: (d)
Plasmodium is protozoan parasite, which causes malaria in human beings. The
primary host of it is female Anopheles mosquito.
#QID# 26184
(59.) An example of gene therapy is
(a.) Production of injectable hepatitis-B vaccine
(b.) Production of vaccines in food crops like potatoes which can be eaten
(c.) Introduction of gene for adenosine deaminase in persons suffering from
Severe Combined Immuno Deficiency(SCID)
(d.) Production of test tube babies by artificial insemination and

implantation
of fertilized eggs
ANSWER: c
EXPLANATION: (c)
The treatment of inherited diseases by introducing wild type copies of the
defective gene is called gene therapy, for example, introduction of gene

for
adenosine deaminase in person suffering from Severe Combined Immuno-

deficiency (SCID).
Page 32 of 324
Page 33 of 324
QUESTION
#QID# 26185
(60.) Two of the body parts, which do not appear in MRI may be
(a.) Molar teeth and eye lens
(b.) Scapula and canines
(c.) Ligaments and ribs
(d.) Tendons and premolars
ANSWER: b
EXPLANATION: (b)
ECG (Electro Cardiograph) is a record of difference in electric

potential during
the working of heart. Human ECG is recorded as PQRST.
#QID# 26186
(61.) Regarding pathogens consider the following statements
I. A pathogen or an infectious agent is a microorganism, such as a virus,
bacterium, fungus that causes disease in its host
II. These pathogens multiply in our body and interfere with the normal
vital
activities, resulting in morphological and functional damage
Which of the following statement (s) is/are correct?
(a.) Only I
(b.) Only II
(c.) I and II
(d.) None of these
ANSWER: c
EXPLANATION: (c)
Page 33 of 324
Page 34 of 324
QUESTION
A pathogen is a microorganisms, such as a virus, bacteria, fungus that

causes
disease in its host. These pathogens multiply in our body and interfere
with the
normal vital activities, resulting in morphological and functional damage
#QID# 26187
(62.) Which one the following statements is false?
(a.) Psychoactive drugs have the ability to alter the activity of the
nervous
system
(b.) Adolescence is marked by accelerated physical growth, development of
reproductive organs and changes in functioning of the neuroendocrine
system
(c.) Hallucinogen can alter a person’s thoughts, feeling and perceptions
(d.) Mescaline is a stimulant
ANSWER: d
EXPLANATION: (d)
Mescaline is a water soluble, alkaloid, obtained from the crowns of cactus
Lophophora (Echinococus) williamsii. These dried crown or mescal buttons
cause hallucinations, when chewed.
#QID# 26188
(63.) Active immunity development is related to
(a.) Natural killer cells

(b.) Memory cells
(c.) Helper T-cells
(d.) Suppressor T-cells
ANSWER: b
Page 34 of 324
Page 35 of 324
QUESTION
EXPLANATION: (b)
Active immunity development is related to memory cells, when B-cells and

T- cells are activated by a pathogen, memory B-cells and T-cells develop
#QID# 26189
(64.) Housefly is a vector of
(a.) Amoebiasis
(b.) Swine flu
(c.) Filariasis
(d.) Dengue
ANSWER: a
EXPLANATION: (a)
House files act as mechanical carriers and serve to transmit the

parasite of
amoebiasis from faeces of infected person to food and food products
#QID# 26190
(65.) Which of the following are considered as cellular barrier of the

body?
(a.) Lymphocytes
(b.) Neutrophils
(c.) Macrophages
(d.) All of these
ANSWER: d
EXPLANATION: (d)
Page 35 of 324
Page 36 of 324
QUESTION
All of these.
Certain types of leukocytes (WBC) of our body like Polymorpho-Nuclear
Leukocytes (PMNL-neutrophils), monocytes and natural killer (type of
lymphocytes) in the blood as well as macrophages in tissues can

phagocytose and
destroy microbes. These all are cellular barriers
#QID# 26191
(66.) Nobel Prize for medicine was given for confirming the role of
Helicobacter
pylori in causing
(a.) Nephritis
(b.) Rhinitis
(c.) Bronchitis
(d.) Peptic ulcer
ANSWER: d
EXPLANATION: (d)
Barry J Marshall and Robin warren got Noble Prize in 2005 for discovery of
the bacterium Helicobacter pylori and its role in gastritis and peptic
ulcers.
#QID# 26192
(67.) Inflammatory response in allergy is due to the release of ......

from the
mast cells
(a.) Antigen
(b.) Antibody
(c.) Histamine
(d.) None of these
ANSWER: c
Page 36 of 324
Page 37 of 324
QUESTION
EXPLANATION: (c)
The granules of mast cells are loaded with histamine. Histamine

increases the
blood flow to the area and the leakage of fluid and proteins from the
blood into
the tissue space. Thus, the quick release of histamine produces the
redness and
swelling associated with inflammation
#QID# 26193
(68.) Consider the following statements. Health is a combination of
I. complete physical health
II. mental health
III. social health
Which of the statements given above are correct?
(a.) I and II
(b.) I and III
(c.) II and III
(d.) I, II and III
ANSWER: d
EXPLANATION: (d)
Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well being.

Health
increases the longevity of people and reduces infant and maternal

mortality rate
#QID# 26194
(69.) Yersinia pestis is responsible for
(a.) Syphilis
(b.) Whooping cough
Page 37 of 324
Page 38 of 324
QUESTION
(c.) Plague
(d.) Leprosy
ANSWER: c
EXPLANATION: (c)
Bubonic plague (black death) is caused by Yersinia pestis (formerly

Pasteurella
pastis) bacteria.
#QID# 26195
(70.) Modern lifestyle is responsible for
(a.) Lowering of immunity
(b.) More sensitivity of allergens
(d.) None of the above
ANSWER: c
EXPLANATION: (c)
Modern-day lifestyle has resulted in lowering of immunity and more

sensitivity
to allergens. More and more children in metro cities of India suffer

from allergies
and asthma due to sensitivity to the environment
#QID# 26196
(71.) Products from plants like

Datura
sp. are
(a.) Hallucinogen
(b.) Stimulants
(c.) Sedatives
Page 38 of 324
Page 39 of 324
QUESTION
(d.) Pain killers
ANSWER: a
EXPLANATION: (a)
Products from plants like Datura sp. are hallucinogens, Hallucinogens are a
diverse group of drugs that cause an alteration in perception, thought

or mood
#QID# 26197
(72.) The ‘Christmas disease’ patient lacks antihaemophilic
(a.) Homogentisic acid oxidase
(b.) Factor-VIII
(c.) Factor-XI
(d.) Factor-IX
ANSWER: d
EXPLANATION: (d)
The christmas disease patient lacks anti-haemophilic factor-IX.
#QID# 26198
(73.) Acquired immunity is due to
(a.) Physiological and inflammatory barriers
(b.) Lymphocytes
(c.) Erythrocytes
(d.) NK-cells
ANSWER: c
Page 39 of 324
Page 40 of 324
QUESTION
EXPLANATION: (c)
The resistance that an individual acquires during life is called acquried
immunity. Two major group of cells, i.e., lymphocytes (B and T-lymphocytes)
and antigen presenting cells are involved in acquried immunity.
#QID# 26199
(74.) The human immune system consists of
(a.) Lymphoid organs
(b.) Immune cells
(c.) Antibodies
(d.) All of these
ANSWER: d
EXPLANATION: (d)
The human immune system consists of lymphoid organs, lymphoid tissues,
immune cells and soluble molecules like antibodies
#QID# 26200
(75.) AIDS day is
(a.) 1 May
(b.) 1 December
(c.) 1 June
(d.) 1 January
ANSWER: b
Page 40 of 324
Page 41 of 324
QUESTION
EXPLANATION: (b)
AIDS day is 1st December
#QID# 26201
(76.) IgA, IgM, IgE and IgG are the example of
(a.) Antigen
(b.) Antibody
(c.) Haemoglobin
(d.) Lymphocytes
ANSWER: b
EXPLANATION: (b)
Antibodies are protein molecules called immunoglobulins and are of five

types.
i.e., IgA, IgM, IgE, IgG and IgD
#QID# 26202
(77.) A new born baby who receives IgA form its mother’s milk develops
(a.) Naturally acquired active immunity
(b.) Artificially acquired active immunity
(c.) Naturally acquired passive immunity
(d.) Artificially acquired passive immunity
ANSWER: c
EXPLANATION: (c)
Page 41 of 324
Page 42 of 324
QUESTION
The type of antibody present in colostrum secreted by mammary gland

during the
initial days of lactation is IgA. The acquisition of the antibodies in

colostrum by
an infant is an example of (naturally acquired) passive immunity
#QID# 26203
(78.) The virus that cases Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
parasitizes in
(a.) B-cells
(b.) Cytotoxic cells
(c.) Helper T-cells
(d.) Lymph nodes
ANSWER: c
EXPLANATION: (c)
The virus that causes acquired immune deficiency syndrome parasitizes in

helper
T-cells. These virus reduces the number of helper T-cells
#QID# 26204
(79.) Antigen binding site in an antibody is found between
(a.) Two light chains
(b.) Two heavy chains
(c.) One heavy and one light chain
(d.) Either between two light chains or between one heavy and one light
chain depending upon the nature of antigen
ANSWER: c
EXPLANATION: (c)
Page 42 of 324
Page 43 of 324
QUESTION
A typical antibody monomer has four protien chains, i.e., two identical
light (L)
chains and two identical heavy (H) chains. The chains are joined by
disulphide
links and other bonds to from a Y-shaped structure. Both the heavy (H)
and light
(L) chains have variable regions at the ends of Y arms. The variable
region from
one light chain (L) and one heavy chain (H)from one antigen binding
site. Hence,
each antibody has two antigen binding sites.
#QID# 26205
(80.) The flower tops, leaves and the resin of
Cannabis sativa
are used to produce
(a.) Marijuana
(b.) Hashish
(c.) Charas
(d.) All of these
ANSWER: d
EXPLANATION: (d)
The flower tops, leaves and the resin of Cannabis sativa are used to
produce
marijuana, hashish, charas and ganja
#QID# 26206
(81.) Chagas disease is caused by
(a.) Trypanosoma gambiense
(b.) Plasmodium sp.
(c.) Trypanosome cruzi
(d.) Treponema pallidum
ANSWER: b
Page 43 of 324
Page 44 of 324
QUESTION
EXPLANATION: (b)
Chagas disease (American Trypanosomiasis) is caused by Trypanosoma cruzi
and spreads by assain or kissing bug (Panstrongilus sp, Triatoma sp.)
#QID# 26207
(82.) Dipsomania is
(a.) A type of depression
(b.) Insanity due to psychosis
(c.) Severe addiction to alcohol
(d.) Tendency to take much water
ANSWER: c
EXPLANATION: (c)
Dipsomania is a historicaly term describing a medical condition

involving severe
abdiction to alcohol. The term was coined by the German physician CW
Hufeland 1819.
#QID# 26208
(83.) Cells obtained from cancerous tumours are known as
(a.) Hybridomas
(b.) Myelomas
(c.) Lymphocytes
(d.) Monoclonal cells
ANSWER: d
Page 44 of 324
Page 45 of 324
QUESTION

EXPLANATION: (d)
Myeloma is a type of cancer that develops from plasma cells occurring in

the
bone marrow. It may develop wherever the plasma cells occur.
#QID# 26209
I. Opioids are the drugs, which bind to opioid receptors in the central
nervous system and gastrointestinal tract
II. Heroin is a white, odourless, bitter, crystalline compound
III. Heroin is commonly called smack
(a.) I and II
(b.) I and III
(c.) II and III
(d.) I, II and III
ANSWER: d
EXPLANATION: (d)
Opioids are the drugs, which bind to opioid receptors in the central
nervous
system and gastrointestinal tract. Drugs derived from the extract of

Opium poppy,
eg. .,
morphine, heroin, brown sugar, etc. Heroin, commonly called smack is
chemically diacetylmorphine, which is a white, odourless, bitter,

crystalline
compound. This is obtained by acetylation of morphine, which is

extracted from
the latex of poppy plant Papaver somniferum
#QID# 26210
(85.) Which of the following elements is important to maintain structure of
immunoglobulin?
Page 45 of 324
Page 46 of 324
QUESTION
(a.) P
(b.) Fe
(c.) S
(d.) Ca
ANSWER: c
EXPLANATION: (c)
Basically, each antibody molecule is Y-shaped protein molecule which has
identical halves. Each half contains a heavy and a light chain, which are
connected to each other by disulphide bonds, ie, S is important element to
maintain structure of immunoglobulin.
#QID# 26211
(86.) In the cell mediated immuno response, T-lymphocytes divide and

secrete
(a.) antigens
(b.) Plasmogens
(c.) Collagens
(d.) cytokines
ANSWER: a
EXPLANATION: (a)
Neoplasm Malignant tumour
Benign tumour Initiation of new tumour
Carcinoma Cancer of epithelial tissues
Sarcoma Bone, cartilage tissue, cancer
Lymphoma Haematopoietic cell tumour
Page 46 of 324
Page 47 of 324
QUESTION
#QID# 26212
(87.) The smallest known agents of infectious diseases are
(a.) Viruses
(b.) Mycoplasma
(c.) Viroids
(d.) Actinomycetes
ANSWER: c
EXPLANATION: (c)
Viroids are the smallest known disease causing agents. They are small, low
moleculer weight RNA particles. They lack proteinaceous capsid. These are
single stranded circle which due to internal base pairing assume a

nearly double
helical structure.
#QID# 26213
(88.) The group of disease carried by insects is
(a.) Typhoid, jaundice, dysentery
(b.) Mumps, measles, smallpox
(c.) Scrabies, ringworm, scarlet fever
(d.) Malaria, filaria, yellow fever
ANSWER: d
EXPLANATION: (d)
Mosquitoes are carriers of malaria, filaria and yellow fever.
Malaria ________ Anopheles mosquito(female)
Fialariasis _______ Culex (female)
Yellow fever _________ Aedes(female)
Page 47 of 324
Page 48 of 324
QUESTION
#QID# 26214
(89.) The study of body’s defence mechanism against pathogens and toxic
molecules is known as
(a.) Immunity
(b.) Immunology
(c.) Defence
(d.) Prevention
ANSWER: b
EXPLANATION: (b)
The study of body’s natural defence mechanism against, pathogens and toxic
molecules is known as immunology
#QID# 26215
(90.) Which one of the following is useful in identifying the different

strains of
a causal microbe of an infectious disease?
(a.) Colchicines
(b.) Agrobacterium
(c.) Complementary DNA
(d.) Crystal violet
ANSWER: c
EXPLANATION: (c)
Temin and Baltimore (1970) independently discovered enzyme reverse
transcriptase in retroviruses (RNA containing viruses). This enzyme can

be used
Page 48 of 324
Page 49 of 324
QUESTION
to construct a DNA copy, called complementary DNA (cDNA), of any RNA.
Thus, this technique can be used in identification of disease causing

infectious
microbe.
#QID# 26216
(91.) Which one of the following correctly matches a Sexually Transmitted
Disease (STD) with its pathogen?
(a.) AIDS ________ Bacillus anthracis
(b.) Syphilis ________ Treponema pallidum
(c.) Urethritis ________ Entamoeba gingivalis
(d.) Gonorrhoea ______ Leishmania donovani
ANSWER: b
EXPLANATION: (b)
Syphilis Treponema pallidum
AIDS HIV
Gonorrhoea Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Pyrrhoea Entamoeba gingivalis
Anthrax Bacillus anthracis
Uretheritis Inflammation of the urethra by bacteria
Disease Causative Organism
#QID# 26217
(92.) When a person dies after stung by bee followed by the

administration of
penicillin, death may be due to
(a.) Prophylactic shock
(b.) Anaphylactic shock
(c.) Autoimmunity
Page 49 of 324
Page 50 of 324
QUESTION
(d.) Sedation
ANSWER: b
EXPLANATION: (b)
When a specific allergen (penicillin) is injected directly into the

circulation, the
allergen can react with basophils of the blood and mast cells in the
tissues located
immediately outside the small blood vessels, if the basophils and mast
cells have
been sensitized by attachment of IgE region. This is called anaphylactic

shock.
An occasional person who experiences this reaction dies of circulatory

shock
within a few minutes unless treated with epinephrine to oppose the

effects of
histamine.
#QID# 26218
(93.) Passive immunity can be obtained through
(a.) Antigen
(b.) Vaccines
(c.) Antibiotics
(d.) Antibodies
ANSWER: d
EXPLANATION: (d)
Passive immunity results when antibodies are produced by one individual and
then acquired by another
#QID# 26219
(94.) Which one of the following statements is correct?
Page 50 of 324
Page 51 of 324
QUESTION
(a.) Patients, who had undergone surgery are given cannabinoids to relieve
pain
(b.) Benign tumours show the property of metastasis
(c.) Heroin accelerates body functions
(d.) Malignant tumours may exhibit metastasis
ANSWER: d
EXPLANATION: (d)
Malignant tumour first grows slowly. No symptoms are noticed. This stage is
called the latent stage. The tumour later grows quickly.The cancer cells go
beyond adjacent tissue and enter the blood and lymph. Once this happens,
they
migrate to many other sites in the body, where the cancer cells continue
to divide.
It is metastasis. Only malignant tumours are properly designated as cancer.
#QID# 26220
(95.) Which of the following statements best describes the role of reverse
transcriptase?
(a.) Synthesis of RNA from genomic RNA
(b.) Synthesis of DNA from genomic RNA
(c.) Synthesis of DNA from genomic RNA
(d.) Synthesis of mRNA from genomic DNA
ANSWER: c
EXPLANATION: (c)
Reverse transcriptase is basically a DNA polymerase enzyme, which

transcribes
single stranded RNA into double stranded DNA
Page 51 of 324
Page 52 of 324
QUESTION
#QID# 26221
(96.) Eradication of smallpox has been possible due to the following

facts except
(a.) Use of highly effective vaccine
(b.) Immunization programs
(c.) Elimination of animal reservoir
(d.) International cooperation
ANSWER: c
EXPLANATION: (c)
Animal reservoir of the small pox does not exist
#QID# 26222
(97.) The AIDS test is known as
(a.) ELISA
(b.) Australian antigen
(c.) HIV test
(d.) None of these
ANSWER: a
EXPLANATION: (a)
ELISA stands for Enzyne Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay. The presence of HIV
or AIDS virus is confirmed by ELISA test. It is used to isolate viral RNA.
#QID# 26223
(98.) Just as Xenopsylla is to Yersinia pesist, so is
Page 52 of 324
Page 53 of 324
QUESTION

(a.) Glossina palpalis to Wuchereria bancrofti
(b.) Culex to Plasmodium falciparum
(c.) Homo sapiens to Taenia solium
(d.) Phlebotomus to Leishmania donovani
ANSWER: d
EXPLANATION: (d)
Yersinia pestis (Pasturella pestis) is the causative agent of plauge. It is
transmitted by rats and other rodents and its vector is a flea

(Xenopsylla cheopis)
which feeds on infected rodents and may bite man. Simalarly, Leishmania
donovani (a protozoan) causes Kala-azar or visceral leishmaniasis and

trasmitted
by bite of sand fly-Phlebotomus.
#QID# 26224
(99.) AIDS was first reported in
(a.) 1981
(b.) 1980
(c.) 1982
(d.) 1983
ANSWER: a
EXPLANATION: (a)
AIDS is a viral infection. HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) was first
discovered in 1981 in a remote areas of central Africa
#QID# 26225
Page 53 of 324
Page 54 of 324
QUESTION
(100.) Humoral immune system defends against viruses and bacteria is

present in
(a.) Blood
(b.) Lymph
(d.) None of these
ANSWER: c
EXPLANATION: (c)
The humoral immune system protects against bacteria and virus are
present in the
fluids (blood and lymph) of the body
#QID# 26226
(101.) Black-foot disease is caused due to groundwater contaminated with

excess
of
(a.) Nitrate
(b.) Fluoride
(c.) Arsenic
(d.) Sulphur
ANSWER: c
EXPLANATION: (c)
Ground water contaminated with arsenic cause black-foot disease. Black foot
disease is a severe form of peripheral vascular diseases in which the

blood vessels
in the lower limbs are severely damaged, resulting eventually in

progressive
gangrene
Page 54 of 324
Page 55 of 324
QUESTION
#QID# 26227
(102.) Select the correct statement from the set given below
I. Growing number of people are taking LSD and other drugs like
barbiturates and amphetamines
II. Several plants, fruits and seed having hallucinogenic properties have
been used in folk-medicine
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a.) Only I
(b.) Only II
(c.) I and II
(d.) None of these
ANSWER: c
EXPLANATION: (c)
Drugs like barbiturates, amphetamines, benzodiazepines, Lysergic Acid
Diethylamides (LSD), and other similar drugs, that are normally used as
medicines to help patient cope with mental illnesses like depression and
insomnia, are often abused. Several plants, fruits and seeds having
hallucinogenic
properties have been used for hundreds of years in folk- medicine,

religious
ceremonies and rituals all over the globe
#QID# 26228
(103.) Tobacco consumption is known to stimulate the secretion of

adrenaline and
nor-adrenaline. The component causing this could be
(a.) Nicotine
(b.) Tannic acid
(c.) Curaimin
(d.) Heamozoin
ANSWER: a
Page 55 of 324
Page 56 of 324
QUESTION
EXPLANATION: (a)
Nicotine.
Tobacco contains large number of chemical substances including nicotine, an

pressure and
increases the heart rate
#QID# 26229
(104.) Alcoholism may leads to
(a.) Skin cancer
(b.) Liver cirrhosis
(c.) Viral disease
(d.) Eye infections
ANSWER: b
EXPLANATION: (b)
Alcoholism is a chronic often progressive disease in which a person craves
alcohol and drinks despite repeated alcohol related problems. It involved a
physical dependence on alcohol. It may lead to liver cirrhosis.

Cirrhosis is build
up of scar tissue that changes the structure of the liver and blocks
blood flow.
Cirrhosis can varicose veins, which can repture and potentially

triggering internal
bleeding.
#QID# 26230
(105.) Triple antigen vaccine is not used for
(a.) Typhoid
Page 56 of 324
Page 57 of 324
QUESTION
(b.) Tetanus
(c.) Diphtheria
(d.) pertussis
ANSWER: a
EXPLANATION: (a)
Disease like whooping cough (pertussis), diphtheria and tetanus (lock

jaw) can
be prevented by immunizing all infants with triple vaccine-DTP (i.e.,

diphtheria,
pertussis, tetanus vaccine). Typhoid, caused by bacterium Salmonella typhi,
cannot be cure with triple vaccine but typhoid did vaccine is available.
#QID# 26231
(106.) SCID is caused by defective gene coding for the enzyme called
(a.) Adenosine transaminase
(b.) Guanosine transaminase
(c.) Adenosine deaminase
(d.) Guanosine deaminase
ANSWER: c
EXPLANATION: (c)
SCID (Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Disease) is a congenital disease in
which bone marrow stem cells are absent. Immunodeficiency affects both B
and
T-lymphocytes. It is caused by defective gene coding for the enzyme

adenosine
deaminase.
#QID# 26232
Page 57 of 324
Page 58 of 324
QUESTION
(107.) Charas and ganja generally taken by
(a.) Inhalation
(b.) Oral ingestion
(d.) Injection
ANSWER: c
EXPLANATION: (c)
The flower tops, leaves and the resin of cannabis plant are used in various
combination to produce marijuana, hashish, charas and ganja. Generally

taken by
inhalation and oral ingestion these are known for their effects on
cardiovascular
system of the body
#QID# 26233
(108.) Rat, carries rat fleas, which are the causal organism of
(a.) Typhus fever
(b.) Tick fever
(c.) Bubonic plague
(d.) Yellow fever
ANSWER: c
EXPLANATION: (c)
Rat carries rat fleas, which causes bubonic plague and bite of rat
causes rat fever.
#QID# 26234
(109.) Amoebiasis is prevented by
Page 58 of 324
Page 59 of 324
QUESTION
(a.) Eating balanced food
(b.) Eating washed fruits
(c.) Using mosquito coil
(d.) Drinking boiled water
ANSWER: d
EXPLANATION: (d)
This parasite can infect food and water so safety is of paramount

importance.
There are a few measures you can put in place to reduce the risk of
amoebiasis,
which includes
(i) Boiling untreated water especially when travelling or comping
(ii) Washing fruit and vegetables before eating them
(iii) Washing your hands, utensils and kitchen worktops before and after
food
preparation
(iv) Ensuring that all food is cooked at the correct temperature
(v) Washing your hands everytime you visit the toilet or after you have
been in
contact with an infected animal
(vi) Ensuring that any cooked food is covered when left out to cool down
#QID# 26235
(110.) Morphine is
(a.) A very effective sedative and pain-killer
(b.) Very useful in patients who have undergone surgery
(c.) both (a) and (b)
(d.) Stimulant
ANSWER: c
EXPLANATION: (c)
Page 59 of 324
Page 60 of 324
QUESTION
Morphine is a very effective sedative and painkiller and is very useful

in patients
who have undergone surgery
#QID# 26236
(111.) The effect of hydrogen sulphide on man leads to which of the

following
diseases?
(a.) Paralysis
(b.) Blindness
(c.) Sterility
(d.) None of these
ANSWER: a
EXPLANATION: (a)
Hydrogen sulpide is released into the atmosphere from industries and causes
irritation of respiratory passage, paralysis and asphyxia in man.
#QID# 26237
(112.) Vaccination protects a person from disease because it
(a.) Helps in RBC production
(b.) Produces antibodies
(c.) Helps in digestion
(d.) Correct body function
ANSWER: b
EXPLANATION: (b)
Page 60 of 324
Page 61 of 324
QUESTION
Vaccines are made from microbes that are dead or inactive so that they
are unable
to cause the disease. The antigen in the vaccine is the same as the
antigen on the
surface of the disease-causing microbe. The vaccine stimulates the body to
produce antibodies against the vaccine
#QID# 26238
(113.) Addiction to alcohol causes
(a.) Cirrhosis
(b.) Epilepsy
(c.) Neurosis
(d.) psychosis
ANSWER: a
EXPLANATION: (a)
In alcoholic person, some part of alcohol is changed into acetaldehyde,

which
stimulates the formation of fat. This fat is deposited over the wall of
arteries and
also accumulates in liver cells. Due to which liver gets failed and
there is very
little regulation of carbohydrate, protein and fat metabolism. This

disorder is
known as fatty liver syndrome. Latter on, the liver gets turned into
solid, hard,
fibrous organ causing liver cirrhosis.
#QID# 26239
(114.) HIV/AIDS is a contagious disease which is caused by
(a.) Virus
(b.) Bacteria
(c.) Fungal
(d.) Protozoa
ANSWER: a
Page 61 of 324
Page 62 of 324
QUESTION
EXPLANATION: (a)
AIDS is a viral infection. HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus), the virus

that
causes AIDS, was first discovered in 1981 in a remote area of central

Africa
#QID# 26240
(115.) Antibody molecule has
(a.) Four polypeptide chains
(b.) Five polypeptide chains
(c.) Six polypeptide chains
(d.) Seven polypeptide chains
ANSWER: a
EXPLANATION: (a)
Each antibody molecule has four peptide chains, two small called light
chains and
two long called heavy chains. Hence, an antibody is represented as
H L2 2
#QID# 26241
(116.) Identify the pictures
AB,
and
(a.) A-Opium poppy, B-Cannabis sativa, C-Datura
(b.) A-Cannabis sativa, B-Opium poppy, C-Datura
Page 62 of 324
Page 63 of 324
QUESTION
(c.) A-Datura, B-Opium poppy, C-Cannabis sativa
(d.) A-Opium poppy, B-Datura, C-Cannabis sativa
ANSWER: a
EXPLANATION: (a)
A-Opium poppy, B-Cannabis sativa, C-Datura
#QID# 26242
(117.) Morphine, obtained from opium, is
(a.) Latex
(b.) Pome
(c.) Alkaloid
(d.) tannin
ANSWER: c
EXPLANATION: (c)
Opium is the dried latex obtained from unripe capsules of Papaver

somniferum
(poppy). Morphine and codeine are the alkaloids formed from this dried
latex and
have the pain relieving property.
#QID# 26243
(118.) The chemical used in ‘National Malaria Eradication Programme ’ is
(a.) 2, 4-D
(b.) BHC
(c.) DDT
(d.) Pyrethroid
Page 63 of 324
Page 64 of 324
QUESTION
ANSWER: c
EXPLANATION: (c)
DDT (Dichloro Diphenyl Trichloroethane) is an organochlorine compound.
These compounds are lipophilic and show much affinity for the fatty
tissue of
animals.
#QID# 26244
(119.) Benign tumours
I. remain confined to their original location and do not spread to other

parts
II. cause little damage
(a.) Only I
(b.) Only II
(c.) I and II
ANSWER: c
EXPLANATION: (c)
Benign tumour is a non-cancerous Tumour. It does not show metastasis and is
non-invasive. It is less fatal to the body
#QID# 26245
(120.)
is a parasite of
(a.) Large intestine
(b.) Liver
Page 64 of 324
Page 65 of 324
QUESTION
(c.) Lungs
(d.) Kidney
ANSWER: a
EXPLANATION: (a)
Entamoeba Histolytica is a parasite of the human large intestine, commonly
contracted by ingesting contaminated water or food
#QID# 26246
(121.) Common examples of allergens are
(a.) Dust
(b.) Pollen grains
(c.) Animal dander
(d.) All of these
ANSWER: d
EXPLANATION: (d)
The substance, which produces immune response in an individual are called
allergens,
eg. .,
pollen grains, animal dander, dust, feathers, drugs like penicillin,
etc.
#QID# 26247
(122.) Smack is chemically a ...A... which is white and odourless and

crystalline
in nature. This is obtained by ...B... . Here A and B refers to
(a.) A-diacetyl morphine; B-acetylation of morphine
(b.) A-morphine; B-acetylation of hashish
Page 65 of 324
Page 66 of 324
QUESTION
(c.) A-stimulant; B-acetylation of morphine
(d.) A-hallucinogen; B-acetylation of hashish
ANSWER: a
EXPLANATION: (a)
A-Diacetyl morphine; B-Acetylation of morphine
#QID# 26248
(123.) The pathogen
Mircosporum
responsible for ringworm disease in humans
belongs to
(a.) Virus
(b.) Bacteria
(c.) Fungi
(d.) Protozoa
ANSWER: c
EXPLANATION: (c)
Microsporum is a genus of fungi that causes tinea capitis, tinea corpus,

ringworm,
and other dermatophytoses (fungal infections of the skin)
#QID# 26249
(124.) The genes concerned with the production of cancer are called
(a.) Cancer genes
(b.) Carcinogenes
(c.) Carcinomas
(d.) Oncogenes
Page 66 of 324
Page 67 of 324
QUESTION
ANSWER: d
EXPLANATION: (d)
Genes that induce cellular proliferation are called proto-oncogenes. The

proto- oncogenes encode for growth factors, growth factor receptors,
transcription
factors, etc. They change into oncogene or cancer genes.
#QID# 26250
(125.) The given below figures show
(a.) A-Cannabinoid; B-Morphine
(b.) A-Morphine; B-Cannabinoid
(c.) A-Morphine; B-Quinine
(d.) A-Quinine; B-Cannabinoid
ANSWER: b
#QID# 26251
(126.) Who stated that human population grows gemoretrically?
(a.) Malthus
(b.) Darwin
(c.) Cannon
(d.) Lamarck
Page 67 of 324
Page 68 of 324
QUESTION
ANSWER: a
EXPLANATION: (a)
Malthus calculate that though the number of organisms can increase
geometrically (1, 2, 4, 8, 16,......), their food supply increases

artithmetically (1,
2, 3, 4,....).
#QID# 26252
(127.) Cyclosporin and endosporins are the drugs that are used as
(a.) Anti retroviral drugs
(b.) Immuno-suppressants
(c.) Immuno-modulators
(d.) Immuno-vaccines
ANSWER: b
EXPLANATION: (b)
Immunosuppressants are the drugs capable of inhibiting the body’s immune
system, e, g., cyclosporine and endosporins, which cause suppression of

body’s
T-lymphocytes.
#QID# 26253
(128.) Emphysema is a
(a.) Cardio vascular disease
(b.) Pulmonary disease
(c.) Neural disease
(d.) renal disease
Page 68 of 324
Page 69 of 324
QUESTION
ANSWER: b
EXPLANATION: (b)
Emphysema is a chronic disease in which alveolar walls are damaged due to
which respiratory surface is decreased. One of the major causes of this

is cigarette
smoking. Emphysema is included in a group of diseases called chronic

obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) pulmonary to lungs.
#QID# 26254
(129.) Alpha-interferons
(a.) Activate the immune system
(b.) Help in destroying the tumour
(c.) Both (a) and (b)
ANSWER: c
EXPLANATION: (c)
Tumour cells have been shown to avoid detection and destruction by immune
system. Therefore the patients are given substances called biological

response
modifiers such as
α -interferon, which activates their immune system and helps
in destroying the tumours
#QID# 26255
(130.) Which technique uses the body’s water molecules as the bases for its
images?
(a.) Sonography
(b.) MRI
Page 69 of 324
Page 70 of 324
QUESTION
(c.) Radioactive traces
(d.) Thermography
ANSWER: b
EXPLANATION: (b)
In MRI, the body’s water molecules are used for the base of images.
#QID# 26256
(131.) Antigen binding site of immunoglobulin is
(a.) Variable region of heavy chain
(b.) Variable region of light chain
(c.) Constant region of light chain
(d.) Variable region of both heavy and light chain
ANSWER: d
EXPLANATION: (d)
At the tip of each arm of the Y-shaped molecule is an area called the
antigen
binding site, which is formed by a portion of the heavy and light

chains. Every
immunoglobulin molecule has at least two of these sites, which are

identical to
one another
#QID# 26257
(132.) Amoebiasis infection occurs by ingesting cysts with food and drinks
(a.) True
(b.) False
(c.) Sometimes (a) and sometimes (b.)
Page 70 of 324
Page 71 of 324
QUESTION
(d.) Neither (a) nor (b)
ANSWER: a
EXPLANATION: (a)
True. Amoebiasis infection is typically caused by the organism Entamoeba
hitolytica, by ingesting food or water contaminated by infected faeces
#QID# 26258
(133.) The synthetic drugs structually similar to adrenaline are
(a.) Amphetamines
(b.) Barbituratess
(c.) Halluncinogens
(d.) Nicotinic derivatives
ANSWER: a
EXPLANATION: (a)
The synthetics drugs structurally similar to adrenaline are

amphetamines. These
are synthetic drugs and act as strong stimulants. These are generally
taken by
truck drivers and night workers.
#QID# 26259
(134.) Antibody production is controlled by
(a.) B-lymphocytes
(b.) T-lymphocytes
(d.) Interferon
Page 71 of 324
Page 72 of 324
QUESTION
ANSWER: c
EXPLANATION: (c)
The B-lymphocytes produce an army of proteins in response to pathogens into
our blood to fight them. These proteins are called antibodies. The T-cells
themselves do not secrete antibodies but help B-cells to produce them
#QID# 26260
(135.) Cannabinoids is obtained from
(a.) Inflorescence of the plant Cannabis sativa

(b.) Fruits of the plant Papaver somniferum
(c.) Latex of the plant Cannabis sativa
(d.) Plant Papaver somniferum inflorescence
ANSWER: a
EXPLANATION: (a)
Cannabinoids can be extracted from the dried, seedless inflorescence of

female
Cannabis plants
#QID# 26261
(136.) A substance that cause an allergic reaction is called
(a.) Allergen
(b.) Pollen
(c.) Foreign substance
(d.) Dander
Page 72 of 324
Page 73 of 324
QUESTION
ANSWER: a
EXPLANATION: (a)
An allergen is any substance (antigen), most often eaten or inhaled,

that is
recognized by the immune system and causes an allergic reaction
#QID# 26262
(137.) The polypeptide chains present in gamma immunoglobulin are
(a.) 2
(b.) 4
(c.) 6
(d.) 8
ANSWER: a
EXPLANATION: (a)
Immunoglobulin G (IgG) is the most abundant class of antibodies found in

blood
serum and lymph and active against bacteria, fungi, viruses and foreign
particles.
The basic structure of all Ig is same, i, e., made up of light and heavy
polypeptide
chains , still they behave differently in similar physiological system. IgG
possesses four polypeptide chains linked by disulphide bonds.
#QID# 26263
(138.) Kala-azar is caused by
(a.) Trypanosoma cruzi
(b.) Leishmania donovani
(c.) Trypanosoma brucei
(d.) Trypanosoma gambiense
Page 73 of 324
Page 74 of 324
QUESTION
ANSWER: b
EXPLANATION: (b)
Leishmania donovani is an intracellular parasite in leucocytes or cells

of liver,
spleen, bone marrow, lymphatic glands, etc. It causes a serious oriental

disease
known as ‘Kala-azar’ accompanied by –swellings, fever, enlargement of

liver and
spleen, the skin colour turning black.
#QID# 26264
(139.) Graft transplantation to save certain patients fails due to the

rejection of
such organs by the patient. Which type of immune response is responsible
for such type of rejection?
(a.) Cell-mediated immune response
(b.) Humoral immune response
(d.) Innate immune response
ANSWER: a
EXPLANATION: (a)
Cell-mediated immune response is mediated by T-lymphocytes. It is

responsible
for graft rejection in organs transplant because of its ability to

differentiate
between ‘self’ and ‘non-self’
#QID# 26265
(140.) Which of the following is used in diagnosis of epilepsy?
(a.) X-ray radiography
Page 74 of 324
Page 75 of 324
QUESTION
(b.) Digital Subtraction Angiography(DSA)
(c.) Sonography
(d.) Positron Emission Tomography(PET)
ANSWER: d
EXPLANATION: (d)
Epilepsy is second common neurological disorder. A number of tests to

confirm
the diagnosis of epilepsy are electroencephalography, brain imaging like

CT- scan, MRI, PET and blood tests.
#QID# 26266
(141.) The disease ‘Oriental sore’ is caused by

(a.) Bacteria
(b.) Virus
(c.) Protozoa
(d.) Fungus
ANSWER: b
EXPLANATION: (b)
Oriental sores or skin boils or Delhi boils is a skin disease caused by

a protozan
Leishmania orientalis ( or L. tropica). It is spread by sand fly.
#QID# 26267
(142.) ELISA test is used for detection of
(a.) Antibodies
(b.) Viral disease
Page 75 of 324
Page 76 of 324
QUESTION
(c.) AIDS
(d.) All of these
ANSWER: d
EXPLANATION: (d)
A graphic record of spread of the cardiac impulse through the heart is

called
electrocardiogram. The machine by which the electrocardiogram is

recorded is
known as cardiograph Willen Einthoven (1903) is considered ‘Father of
Electrocardiography’.
#QID# 26268
(143.) Except skin, other physical barriers which also helps to prevent
the entry
of the microorganisms are
I. mucus coating of the epithelium lining the respiratory
II. gastrointestinal tracts
III. urogenital tracts
Choose the correct option
(a.) I and II
(b.) I and III
(c.) II and III
(d.) I, II and III
ANSWER: d
EXPLANATION: (d)
Physical barriers: skin on our body is the main barrier, which prevents
entry of
the microorganisms. Mucous coating of the epithelium lining in the

respiratory,
gastrointestinal and urogenital tracts also helps in trapping the

microbes entering
our body
Page 76 of 324
Page 77 of 324
QUESTION
#QID# 26269
(144.) Cocaine is commonly called as
(a.) Coke
(b.) Crack
(d.) Smack
ANSWER: c
EXPLANATION: (c)
Powder cocaine (also called coke) and crack are all powerful stimulants,
with
short-lived effects. They temporarily speed up the way your mind and
body work,
but the effects are short-lived
#QID# 26270
(145.) Ability of the body to fight against the disease causing

organisms is called
(a.) Vulnerability
(b.) Susceptibility
(c.) Irritability
(d.) Immunity
ANSWER: d
EXPLANATION: (d)
Immunity is the state of living beings having sufficient biological

defences to
avoid infections, diseases or other unwanted biological invasion
Page 77 of 324
Page 78 of 324
QUESTION
#QID# 26271
(146.) In a standard ECG, which one of the following alphabets is the

correct
representation of the respective activity of human heart?
(a.) R-repolarization of ventricles
(b.) S-start of systole
(c.) T-end of diastole
(d.) P-depolarization of the artia
ANSWER: d
EXPLANATION: (d)
In ECG, P-wave indicates impulse of contraction generated by SA-node and it
spreads in atria causing atrial depolarisation. T-wave is the most

constant and
conspicuous wave having the tallest amplitude. It is the first positive

deflection
during ventricular depolarization.
S-wave is the next downward deflection constant but often inconspicuous.
T-wave is repolarization wave of ventricular relaxtion.
#QID# 26272
(147.) Damage to thymus in a child may lead to
(a.) Loss of cell-mediated immunity
(b.) A reduction in the haemoglobin content in blood
(c.) A reduction in the amount of plasma proteins
(d.) Loss of antibody-mediated immunity
ANSWER: a
EXPLANATION: (a)
Page 78 of 324
Page 79 of 324
QUESTION
Thymus is the “seedbed” of thymic lymphocytes (T-lymphocytes). Some stem
cells in the bone marrow give rise to immature lymphocytes. These

lymphocytes
migrate via the blood to the thymus, where they mature as T-lymphocytes,
and
produce cell-mediated immunity. Thus, damage to thymus in a child may

lead to
loss of cell-mediated immunity.
#QID# 26273
(148.) Purpose of tubectomy is to prevent
(a.) Fertilization
(b.) Coitus
(c.) Egg formation
(d.) Embryonic development
ANSWER: a
EXPLANATION: (a)
Tubectomy is the method of female sterilization, which involves cutting and
tying (tubal ligation) of fallopian tubes. It prevents fertilization.
#QID# 26274
(149.) Antibodies in our body are complex
(a.) Lipoproteins
(b.) Steroids
(c.) Prostaglandins
(d.) Glycoproteins
ANSWER: d
EXPLANATION: (d)
Page 79 of 324
Page 80 of 324
QUESTION
Antibodies are the proteins (glycoprotiens) called immunoglobulins.

These are
produced by the lymphocytes in response to entry of a foreign substance or
antigen into the body.
#QID# 26275
(150.) What is the name of complex formed at the time of action of T-cells?
(a.) HLA
(b.) STD antigen complex
(c.) HLA antigen complex
(d.) MHC antigen complex

ANSWER: d
EXPLANATION: (d)
T-lymphocytes are involved in cell mediated immunity. T-cells largely

recognize
proteins that have been processed within antigen presenting cells and
presented
on the cell surface in a form that is bound to a molecule known as Major
HistocompatiblityComplex(MHC).
#QID# 26276
(151.) Proliferation of cancer cells is not limited because of
(a.) Differing surface proteins
(b.) Differing cholesterol level
(c.) Deficiency of steroids
(d.) Aberrant chromosomal complement
ANSWER: a
Page 80 of 324
Page 81 of 324
QUESTION
EXPLANATION: (a)
Cancer cells do not respond to control mechanisms and do not show contact
inhibition (differing surface proteins.).These cells proliferate in an

unregulated
manner and from clones of cells which can expand irregularly.
#QID# 26277
(152.) Smack is generally taken by
(a.) Snorting
(b.) Injection
(d.) None of these

ANSWER: c
EXPLANATION: (c)
Heroin is a white or brown powder, odourless, bitter, crystalline

compound. It
can be mixed with water and injected with a needle. Heroin can also be
smoked
or snorted up the nose
#QID# 26278
(153.) Which of the following is a matching pair of a drug and its

category?
(a.) Amphetamines - Stimulant
(b.) Lysergic acid diethly amide - Narcotic
(c.) Heroin - Psychotropice
(d.) Benzodiazepine - Pain Killer
ANSWER: a
Page 81 of 324
Page 82 of 324
QUESTION
EXPLANATION: (a)
Stimulants are also known as mood elevators. They increase nerve

activity in the
brain by initiating the release of noradrenaline, e.g., amphitamines,

caffeine,
cocaine, etc.
#QID# 26279
(154.) The drugs, which are commonly abused are
(a.) Opioids
(b.) Cannabinoids
(c.) Coca alkaloids
(d.) All of these

ANSWER: d
EXPLANATION: (d)
The drugs, which are commonly abused are opioids, cannabinoids and coca
alkaloids LSD. Majority of these are obtained from flowering plants.

Some are
obtained from fungi
#QID# 26280
I. Secondary lymphoid organs includes lymph nodes, spleen and small
masses of lymph tissue such as Peyer’s patches, appendix and tonsils
II. The secondary lymphoid organs all the site of lymphocyte maturation
and they efficiently trap antigens for exposure to T and B-cells
(a.) Only I
(b.) Only II
(c.) I and II
Page 82 of 324
Page 83 of 324
QUESTION
(d.) None of these
ANSWER: c
EXPLANATION: (c)
The primary lymphoid organs are bone marrow and thymus where immature
lymphocytes differentiate into antigen-sensitive lymphocytes. After

maturation
the lymphocytes migrate to secondary lymphoid organs like spleen, lymph

nodes,
tonsils, Peyer’s patches of small intestine and appendix. The secondary

lymphoid
organs provide the sites for interaction of lymphocytes with the

antigen, which
then proliferate to become effector cells
#QID# 26281
(156.) Who among the following is recognized as the Father of Medicine?
(a.) Robert Koch
(b.) Hippocrates
(c.) Louis Pasteur
(d.) Edward Jenner
ANSWER: b
EXPLANATION: (b)
Hippocrates is known as the father of medicine because many of the

things he
discovered are still practiced today
#QID# 26282
(157.) Which of the following organs is not involved in the elicitation

of immune
response?
Page 83 of 324
Page 84 of 324
QUESTION
(a.) Brain
(b.) Lymph nodes
(c.) Spleen
(d.) Thymus
ANSWER: a
EXPLANATION: (a)
Brain is not involved in the elicitation of immune response, it is a

part of central
nervous system.
#QID# 26283
(158.) The term ‘Vaccine’ was introduced by
(a.) Jenner
(b.) Koch
(c.) Pasteur
(d.) Jointly by Koch and Pasteur
ANSWER: a
EXPLANATION: (a)
Vaccine is a preparation containing dead or inactivated viruses or other
microorganisms that on introduction in human body stimulate the

formation of
antibodies to fight against disease. First vaccine was prepared by

Edward Jenner
against cowpox.
#QID# 26284
(159.) Tuberculosis is caused by
Page 84 of 324
Page 85 of 324
QUESTION
(a.) Mycobacterium sp.)
(b.) Aspergillus sp.)
(c.) Clostridium sp.)
(d.) Vibrio sp.
ANSWER: a
EXPLANATION: (a)
Tuberculosis, commonly called TB is caused by a rod-shaped bacterium named
Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
#QID# 26285
(160.) Main source of amoebic dysentery is

(a.) Contaminated food and water
(b.) Water and food contaminated by the faecal matter
(c.) Water and food contaminated by urine
(d.) Water and food contaminated by polluted air
ANSWER: b
EXPLANATION: (b)
Amoebic dysentery is caused by an intestinal endoparasite, Entamoeba
histolytica, found in large intestine of humans. Infection takes place

through
contaminated food and water
#QID# 26286
(161.) Mycobacterium leprae causes
(a.) Tuberculosis
Page 85 of 324
Page 86 of 324
QUESTION
(b.) Leprosy
(c.) AIDS
(d.) Tetanus
ANSWER: b
EXPLANATION: (b)
Leprosy is a bacterial disease, which is caused by Mycobacterium leprae.
#QID# 26287
(162.) Excessive doses of drugs may lead to coma and death due to
(a.) Respiratory failure
(b.) Heart failure
(c.) Cerebral hemorrhage
(d.) All of these

ANSWER: d
EXPLANATION: (d)
Excessive doses of drugs may lead to coma and death due to respiratory
failure,
heat failure, cerebral hemorrhage, etc.
#QID# 26288
(163.) All stages of the Plasmodium get digested in stomach of female

Anopheles
except
(a.) Sporozoite
(b.) Gametocyte
(c.) Erythrocyte
Page 86 of 324
Page 87 of 324
QUESTION
(d.) None of these
ANSWER: b
#QID# 26289
(164.) Hodgkins disease is
(a.) Cancer of the lymphoid tissue
(b.) Cancer of the mammary gland
(c.) cancer of the WBC
(d.) Cancer of the liver
ANSWER: a
EXPLANATION: (a)
Hodgekins disease is a cancer of lymphoid tissue.
#QID# 26290
(165.) The interferons are

(a.) Antibacterial drug
(b.) Antiviral drugs
(c.) Antibiotic drugs
(d.) Immunosuppressive drugs
ANSWER: b
EXPLANATION: (b)
Page 87 of 324
Page 88 of 324
QUESTION
Interferons are the glycoproteins with low moleculer weight that are
effective
against most of the viruses. These are naturally produced by virus

infected cells.
These proteins interact with adjacent cells and make them resistant to
virus attack.
Now-a-days, interferons are also being manufactured through genetic
engineering and are usedin many antiviral drugs.
#QID# 26291
(166.) Food poisoning is caused by
(a.) Nitrosomonas
(b.) Lactobacillus
(c.) Escherichia coil
(d.) None of these
ANSWER: b
EXPLANATION: (b)
Species of Lactobacillus streptococcus, Micrococcus and Proteus are

responsible
for spoilage of milk products. The exotoxins produced by these bacteria

causes
food poisoning.
#QID# 26292
(167.) Choose the true statements
I. Innate immunity is accomplished by providing different types of barriers
II. Acquired immunity is present from the birth and is inherited from
parents
III. Sweat, tears, acid in the stomach and saliva prevent microbial growth
Codes
(a.)
True False True
I II III
Page 88 of 324
Page 89 of 324
QUESTION
(b.)
True True False
I II III
(c.)
False False True
I II III
(d.)
False True False
I II III
ANSWER: a
EXPLANATION: (a)
Acquired immunity is not present from the birth and develops during the
individual’s lifetime. It is pathogen specific
#QID# 26293
(168.) Immunoglobulins are made up of

(a.) Two polypeptide chains
(b.) Four polypeptide chains
(c.) Three amino acids only
(d.) Five nucleotides
ANSWER: b
EXPLANATION: (b)
Immunoglobulins are present in serum and provide immunity to body against
diseases. Each immunoglobulin is made up of four polypeptide chains-two

heavy
weight chains and two light weight chains. These chains are joined to
each other
by disulphide bonds.
Page 89 of 324
Page 90 of 324
QUESTION
#QID# 26294
(169.) AIDS is not diagnosed by
(a.) Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbant Assay test
(b.) WIDAL test
(c.) RIA
(d.) Both (b) and (c)
ANSWER: d
EXPLANATION: (d)
AIDS is diagnosed by ELISA test – Enzyme – Linked Immuno Sorbant Assay
test
#QID# 26295
(170.) The protein
 −1
antitrypsin is used to treat which of the following disease?
(a.) Cancer
(b.) Rheumatoid arthritis
(c.) Alzheimer’s disease
(d.) Emphysema
ANSWER: d
EXPLANATION: (d)
Transgenic animals that produce useful biological products can be

created by the
introduction of the portion of DNA (or genes) which codes for a particular
product such as human protein,
 − −1
antitrypsin. The protein is used to treat
emphysema.
Page 90 of 324
Page 91 of 324
QUESTION
#QID# 26296
(171.) The immune system is made of
(a.) Humoral system
(b.) Humoral and cell mediated system
(c.) Humoral and fibrous system
(d.) Antigen induced antibodies
ANSWER: b
EXPLANATION: (b)
Acquired immunity is specialized immunity that forms antibodies and

activated
lymphocytes that attacks and destroys the specific organism. These are
of two
type, i.e., humoral immunity and cell mediated immunity. Humoral system
involves antibodies and cell mediated system involves T-cells.
#QID# 26297
(172.) An autoimmune disease is
(a.) AIDS
(b.) Haemophilia
(c.) Allergy
(d.) Myasthenia gravis
ANSWER: d
EXPLANATION: (d)
Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disease characterized by the chronic
fatigability and weakness of muscles, espeically in the face and throat,

as result
of defect in the conduction of nerve impulses at the myoneural junction.
Page 91 of 324
Page 92 of 324
QUESTION
#QID# 26298
(173.) AIDS is the condition where
(a.) The patients immune system is completely destroyed
(b.) The patient succumbs to various infect, has wasting and develops
symptoms such as fever, diarrhoea and weight loss
(c.) Both (a) and (b)
(d.) Virus multiply in T-cytotoxic cells
ANSWER: c
EXPLANATION: (c)
In AIDS, HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) attacks the cells of the immune
system. The immune system weakens no that the body cannot defined against
various bacteria, viruses and other germs
#QID# 26299
(174.) Which of the following is correct for immuno-modulators?
(a.) They always suppress immune system
(b.) They never suppress immune system
(c.) They always stimulate immune system
(d.) Specific immuno-modulators stimulate the immuno-response of immune
system, whereas some other immuno-modulators inhibit it
ANSWER: d
EXPLANATION: (d)
Immuno-modulators are natural or synthetic substances that help to

regulate or
normalize the immune system. There are two types of immuno-modulators viz,
Page 92 of 324
Page 93 of 324
QUESTION
immuno-suppressants, which cause immuno-suppression of the immune system
and immuno-stimulants (immuno-stimulators) which stimulate immune system
by including or increasing activity of any of its components.
#QID# 26300
(175.) The disease filarial is transmitted by
(a.) Tse-tse fly
(b.) Sand fly
(c.) Culex
(d.) Anopheles
ANSWER: c
EXPLANATION: (c)
The disease filaria (elephantiasis) is transmitted by Culex mosquito

(female).
Wuchereria bancrofit causes filariasis.
#QID# 26301
(176.) The immune system plays a major role in
(a.) Allergic reactions
(b.) Auto-immune diseases
(c.) Organ transplantation
(d.) All of these
ANSWER: d
EXPLANATION: (d)
Page 93 of 324
Page 94 of 324
QUESTION
Immune system is unique in the sense that it recognizes foreign antigens,
responds to these and remembers them. The immune system also plays an
important role in allergic reactions, auto-immune diseases and organ
transplantation
#QID# 26302
(177.) What is HLA?
(a.) Group of proteins
(b.) Group of chromosomes
(c.) Group of genes
(d.) Group of polypeptides
ANSWER: a
EXPLANATION: (a)
The most important antigens for causing graft rejection are a complex
called HLA
Humman Leucocyte Antigen(protein). The HLI occur on the white blood

cells as
well as on the tissue cells.
#QID# 26303
(178.) Aloe vera cures cough and cold by
(a.) Leaf juice with opium
(b.) Leaf juice mixed with oil
(c.) Juice of roasted leaves taken with honey
(d.) Salad of leaves
ANSWER: c
EXPLANATION: (c)
Page 94 of 324
Page 95 of 324
QUESTION
The juice of roasted leaves of Aloe vera taken with honey is good to
cure cough
and cold.
#QID# 26304
(179.) Active immunity may be produced by
(a.) Contacting a disease
(b.) Readymade antibodies
(d.) Receiving gamma glubulin infection
ANSWER: a
EXPLANATION: (a)
When a host is exposed to antigens which may be in form of living or

proteins,
antibodies are produced in the host body. This type of immunity is

called active
immunity
#QID# 26305
(180.) If the person shows the production of interferons in his body,
chances are
that he is suffering from
(a.) Anthrax
(b.) Malaria
(c.) Measles
(d.) Tetanus
ANSWER: c
EXPLANATION: (c)
Page 95 of 324
Page 96 of 324
QUESTION
Measles is a viral disease caused by rubeola virus. Intereferons are

proteins that
increase the resistance of a cell to attack by viruses by unmasking

genes that
synthesize antiviral proteins. Thus, person suffering from measles shows

the
production of interferons in his body.
#QID# 26306
(181.) Which of these is based on magnetic resonance?
(a.) EEG
(b.) CT scanning
(c.) NMR scanning
(d.) PET scanning
ANSWER: c
EXPLANATION: (c)
NMR scanning is based on magnetic resonance.
#QID# 26307
(182.) With regard to the transmission of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus

(HIV), Which one of the following statements is not correct?
(a.) The chances of transmission from female to male are twice as likely as
from male to female
(b.) The chances of transmission are more if a person suffers from other
sexually transmitted infections
(c.) An infected mother can transmit the infection to her baby during
pregnancy at child birth and by breast feeding
(d.) The risk of contracting infection from transfusion of infected

blood is
much higher than an exposure to contaminate needle
Page 96 of 324
Page 97 of 324
QUESTION
ANSWER: a
EXPLANATION: (a)
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) has three transmission.
(i)Through sexual intercourse (65%).
(ii)Transmission through blood transfusion, blood products and contaminated
equipments (10%).
(iii) Transmission from mother to baby (25%).
#QID# 26308
(183.) Amniocentesis is used for determining
(a.) Heart disease
(b.) brain disease
(c.) Hereditary disease of the embryo
(d.) All of the above
ANSWER: c
EXPLANATION: (c)
Amniocentesis is one way to obtain foetal cells for testing of chromosomal
abnormalities and genetic disorders. It is the process to determine any

hereditary
diseases in he embryo.
#QID# 26309
(184.) In the given flow chart, the replication of retrovirus in a host

cell is shown.
Observe it carefully and fill up the blank
AB,
and
Page 97 of 324
Page 98 of 324
QUESTION
(a.) A-Retrovirus, B-Viral DNA is produced, C-New viral RNA is produced
(b.) A-Transcriptase, B-Bacterial RNA is produced, C-New viral DNA is
produced by the infected cell
(c.) A-Reverse transcriptase, B-Viral DNA is produced, C-New viral RNA is
(d.) A-Reverse transcriptase, B-Viral DNA is produced, C-New viral DNA is
ANSWER: c
EXPLANATION: (c)
A-Reverse transcriptase, B-Viral DNA is produced, C-New viral RNA is
Page 98 of 324
Page 99 of 324
QUESTION
#QID# 26310
(185.) Most important component of oral contraceptive is
(a.) LH
(b.) GH
(c.) Thyroxine
(d.) progesterone
ANSWER: d
EXPLANATION: (d)
Oral contraceptives or contraceptive pills are taken to control

fertility. Each pill
contains a mixture of oestrogen and progesterone or only the pure synthetic
progesterone which prevent ovulation.
#QID# 26311
(186.) Which of the following normally confined to their original

location and do
not spread to other parts of the body?
(a.) Malignant tumour
(b.) Metastasis
(c.) Benign tumour
(d.) cancer
ANSWER: c
EXPLANATION: (c)
Page 99 of 324
Page 100 of 324
QUESTION
Benign tumour is a tumour that lacks all three of three of the malignant
properties
of cancer. A benign tumour does not grow in an unlimited, aggressive
manner,
does not invade surrounding tissues and does not metastasize.
#QID# 26312
(187.) Protein deficiency leads to
(a.) Kwashiorkor
(b.) Marasmus
(c.) Cretinism
(d.) Both (a) and (b)
ANSWER: d
EXPLANATION: (d)
Protein deficiency causes both Kwashiorkor and marasmus. Kwashiorkor is
characterized by wasted muscles, thin limbs, retarded growth of body and

brain,
oedema, pot belly and diarrhea.
Marasmus is characterized by impaired growth and replacement of tissue
proteins, thin limbs and prominent ribs, dry, wrinkled and thin skin and
diarrhea.
#QID# 26313
(188.) In AIDS, the system which show failure is
(a.) Digestive system
(b.) Respiratory system
(c.) Defence system
(d.) Sensory system
ANSWER: c
Page 100 of 324
Page 101 of 324
QUESTION
EXPLANATION: (c)
An HIV infection damages the immune system, i.e., your body’s defense
system
that light against diseases and infections
#QID# 26314
(189.) Cannabinoid are the group of chemicals, which interact with

cannabinoid
receptors present principally in
(a.) Brain
(b.) Neuron
(c.) Nephron
(d.) Dendron
ANSWER: a
EXPLANATION: (a)
Cannabinoid are a group of chemicals, which interact with cannabinoid

receptors
present principally in the brain
#QID# 26315
(190.) Histamines or other, inflammation producing substances are formed by
(a.) Macrophages
(b.) Interferons
(c.) Mast cells
(d.) Collagen tissue
ANSWER: c
EXPLANATION: (c)
Page 101 of 324
Page 102 of 324
QUESTION
Mast cells play a critical role in allergy and inflammation. Allergy is

due to the
#QID# 26316
(191.) Which group of three of the following five statements (I-V)

contains is
correct regarding beri beri?
I. A crippling disease prevalent among the native population of sub-Sahara
Africa.
II. A deficiency disease caused by lack of thiamine (vitamin-B1
).
III. A nutritional disorder in infants and young children when the diet is
persistantly deficient in essential protein.
IV. Occurs in those countries where the staple diet is polished rice.
V. The symptoms are pain from neuritis, paralysis, muscle wasting,
progressive oedema, mental deterioration and finally heart failure.
(a.) I, II and IV
(b.) II, III and V
(c.) I,III and V
(d.) II, IV and V
ANSWER: d
EXPLANATION: (d)
Statements II, IV and V are correct regarding beri-beri disease.
#QID# 26317
(192.) Which of the following diseases is caused due to allergic reaction?
(a.) Leprosy
(b.) Typhoid
(c.) Asthma
Page 102 of 324
Page 103 of 324
QUESTION

(d.) Tetanus
ANSWER: c
EXPLANATION: (c)
Most common allergen for asthma is house dust, pollen grains, smoke, etc.
Asthma is characterized by narrowing and inflammation of bronchi,
bronchiospasm and difficulty in breathing.
#QID# 26318
(193.) Which of the following is a pair of viral diseases?
(a.) Ringworm, AIDS
(b.) Common cold, AIDS
(c.) Dysentery, common cold
(d.) Typhoid, tuberculosis
ANSWER: b
EXPLANATION: (b)
Common cold and AIDS are viral diseases, occur due to Myxo virus and Human
Immunodeficiency virus (HIV) respectively.
The causative agents of ringworm disease are fungi Trichophyton and
Microsporum.
Typhoid and tuberculosis are bacterial diseases caused by Salmonella

typhi and
Mycobacterium tuberculosis respectively.
#QID# 26319
(194.) ‘Lock jaw’ is another name of
Page 103 of 324
Page 104 of 324
QUESTION
(a.) Malaria
(b.) Kala-azar
(c.) Tetanus
(d.) Diphtheria
ANSWER: c
EXPLANATION: (c)
Tetanus is also known as ‘lock jaw’ disease. It is caused by the bacteria
Clostridium tetani.
#QID# 26320
(195.) Choose the wrong statement regarding AIDS.
(a.) AIDS is an immunodeficiency disease
(b.) It is caused by the retrovirus HIV
(c.) HIV selectively infects and kills B-lymphocytes
(d.) Retroviruses have RNA genomes that replicate via DNA intermediate
ANSWER: c
EXPLANATION: (c)
AIDS (Aquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome) is caused by HIV (Human
Immunodeficiency Virus). This virus selectively infects and kills the

helper T- lymphocytes. Hence, the disease is characterized by reduction
in the number of
helper T-lymphocytes and breakdown of the immune system of the body.
#QID# 26321
(196.) Osteomalacia is a deficiency disease of
Page 104 of 324
Page 105 of 324
QUESTION
(a.) Infants due to protein energy malnutrition
(b.) adults due to protein energy malnutrition
(c.) Adults due to vitamin-D deficiency
(d.) Infants due to vitamin-K deficiency

ANSWER: c
EXPLANATION: (c)
Deficiency of vitamin-D causes weak bones, bone deformities, rickets in

children
and osteomalacia in adults. Marasmus is caused due to protein energy
malnutrition.
#QID# 26322
(197.) Study the following sentences.
I. The cells of malignant tumours divide erratically.
II. They are malignant tumours of epithelial cells.
III. They are malignant tumours of organs that originate from mesoderm.
IV. These tumours are found in organs such as spleen and lymph nodes.
Which of the above are true for angiosarcoma?
(a.) I and II
(b.) II and IV
(c.) I and III
(d.) II and III
ANSWER: c
EXPLANATION: (c)
Tumour that spreads and eventually caused ill health and death are
described as
malignant results from a breakdown of the regulatory mechanisms that govern
Page 105 of 324
Page 106 of 324
QUESTION
normal cell behaviour. Sarcoma is a cancer of primitive mesoderma tissue

and
involves malignant tumours the cells of which divide erratically.
#QID# 26323
(198.) Spleen is a storage site for
(a.) Erythrocytes
(b.) Basophils
(c.) Platelets
(d.) Neutrophils
ANSWER: a
EXPLANATION: (a)
Spleen is a large reservoir of erythrocytes. The spleen is a large

bean-shaped
organ. It mainly contains lymphocytes and phagocytes
#QID# 26324
(199.) Tobacco contains
(a.) Nicotine
(b.) Amphitamins
(c.) Carbon monoxide
(d.) Both (a) and (c)
ANSWER: a
EXPLANATION: (a)
Tobacco contains a large number of chemical substances including

nicotine, an
alkaloid
Page 106 of 324
Page 107 of 324
QUESTION
Tobacco contains large number of chemical substances including nicotine, an

pressure and
increases the heart rate
#QID# 26325
(200.) The best HLA(Human Leucocyte Antigen) match for transplants in order
of preference is
(a.) Parent>sibling>twin>unrelated donor
(b.) Sibling> twin> Parent> unrelated donor
(c.) twin> unrelated donor> parent> sibling
(d.) Twin> sibling> Parent> unrelated donor
ANSWER: d
EXPLANATION: (d)
The best HLA match for transplants in order of preference is as follows:
Identical twins>sibling(brother and sister)>parent>unrelated donor
#QID# 26326
(201.) Quinine is obtained from
(a.) Bark of Cinchona
(b.) Root if Cinchona
(c.) Wood of Cinchona
(d.) Leaves of Cinchona
ANSWER: a
EXPLANATION: (a)
Page 107 of 324
Page 108 of 324
QUESTION
The drug quinine is obtained from the bark of Cinchona.
#QID# 26327
(202.) Antigen binds to antibody. The binding is result of
(a.) Electrostatic interactions
(b.) Covalent bonds
(c.) Disulphide bridges

(d.) Amide formation
ANSWER: a
EXPLANATION: (a)
Antigen-antibody binding is electrostatic, i.e., non-covalent

hydrophobic, van dar
waal’s ionic, etc.
#QID# 26328
(203.) The process of introduction of weakened inactivated pathogen into

human
body is called
(a.) Immunization
(b.) Vaccination
(c.) Attenuation
(d.) None of these
ANSWER: b
EXPLANATION: (b)
Page 108 of 324
Page 109 of 324
QUESTION
In vaccination pathogens are introduced into the body in a weakened

form. The
process causes the body to produce enough antibodies to protect against the
pathogens, while not getting diseased
#QID# 26329
(204.) Female infanticide is commonly reported from
(a.) Usalampatti
(b.) Madurai
(c.) Kanyakumari
(d.) Rajasthan
ANSWER: a
EXPLANATION: (a)
Female infanticide means murder of female infant. It is commonly

reported from
Usalampatti.
#QID# 26330
(205.) Which of the following disease is caused by the member of retrovirus
group?
(a.) Cancer
(b.) AIDS
(c.) Dengue
(d.) Common cold
ANSWER: b
EXPLANATION: (b)
Page 109 of 324
Page 110 of 324
QUESTION
AIDS disease is caused by the member of retrovirus group. Human
immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a lentivirus (slowly replicating

retrovirus) that
causes Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
#QID# 26331
(206.) The term ‘antibiotic’ was coined by
(a.) Selman Waksman
(b.) Alexander Fleming
(c.) Edward Jenner
(d.) Louis Pasteur
ANSWER: a
EXPLANATION: (a)
The terum ‘antibiotics’ was first time used by S A Waksman in 1945.
Antibiotics
are the substances which are produced by microorganisms such as fungi or
bacteria. These substances are harmful to the growth of the

microorganisms, e.g.,
penicillin, streptomycin, chloramphenicol, etc.
#QID# 26332
(207.) All of the following are examples of mucosa associated lymphoid

tissue
except
(a.) Appendix
(b.) Peyer’s patches
(c.) Tonsils
(d.) Liver
ANSWER: d
Page 110 of 324
Page 111 of 324
QUESTION
EXPLANATION: (d)
Liver is not a lymphoid tissue. The liver is a vital organ present in

vertebrates and
some other animals. It has a wide range of functions, including

detoxification,
protein synthesis, and production of biochemical necessary for digestion
#QID# 26333
(208.) Give the name of two helminthes, which causes ascariasis and
filariasis
respectively
(a.) Ascaris and Wuchereria
(b.) Wuchereria and Ascaris

(c.) Roundworm and Flatworm
(d.) Plasmodium and Wuchereria
ANSWER: a
EXPLANATION: (a)
Ascariasis is caused by an intestinal endoparasite or human. ‘Ascaris
lumbricoides’, commonly called roundworm.
Filariasis is caused by filarial worms, Wuchereria bancrofti and Wuchereria
malayi
#QID# 26334
(209.) Sir Godfery Hounsfield developed the diagnostic technique of
(a.) CT scanning
(b.) MRI
(c.) Endoscopy
(d.) Bronchoscopy
ANSWER: a
Page 111 of 324
Page 112 of 324
QUESTION
EXPLANATION: (a)
Sir Godfery Newbold Hounsfield, an English electrical engineer who

shared the
1979 Noble Prize for Physiology or Medicine with Allan MacLeod Cormak for
his part in developing diagnostic technique of X-ray computed tomography

(CT
scanning). He died in August 2004.
#QID# 26335
(210.) Hypersensitivity to an allergen is due to
(a.) Aberrant function of immune system
(b.) Food habits

(c.) Increase in humidity
(d.) Increase in temperature
ANSWER: a
EXPLANATION: (a)
The exaggerated response of the immune system to certain antigens

present in the
environment is called allergy
#QID# 26336
(211.) The following table shows certain diseases, their causative

organisms and
symptoms
I. Filariasis A Inflammation
II. Typhoid B High fever stomach pain
III. C Rhinoviruses Nasal congestion and discharge
IV. Ascariasis Ascaris D
Diseases Causative Organisms Symptoms
Page 112 of 324
Page 113 of 324
QUESTION
The correct option regarding
A B C , ,
and
is
(a.) A-Wuchereria, B-Salmonella typhi, C-Common cold, D-Internal
bleeding, fever, anaemia
(b.) A-Salmonella typhi, B-Ascaris, C-Typhoid, D-Stomach pain headache
(c.) A-Ascaris, B-Entamoeba histolytica, C-Pneumonia, D-Constipation,

fever
(d.) A-Entamoeba histolytica, B- Salmonella typhi, C- Common cold, D-

Nasal discharge, high fever
ANSWER: a
EXPLANATION: (a)
A-Wuchereria, B-Salmonella typhi, C-Common cold, D-Internal bleeding, fever
and anaemia
#QID# 26337
(212.) Which part of the brain is affected first in a drunk person?
(a.) Cerbrum
(b.) Olfactory lobe
(c.) Cerebellum
(d.) Medulla oblongata
ANSWER: c
EXPLANATION: (c)
Cerebellum is concerned with balance of body. It receives information

from the
organ of balance in the ears and controls all the movements involving
voluntary
muscles. It is the part of brain affected first in a drunk person.
Page 113 of 324
Page 114 of 324
QUESTION
#QID# 26338
(213.) African sleeping sickness is caused by
(a.) Trypanosoma
(b.) Leishmania
(c.) Latimeria
(d.) Plasmodium
ANSWER: a
EXPLANATION: (a)
African sleeping sickness or African trypanomiasis is a disease of

tropical Africa.
It is caused by the blood parasitic Protozoa, Trypansoma gambiense.
#QID# 26339
(214.) Cocaine, an alkaloid is obtained from the leaves of
(a.) Erythroxylon coca
(b.) Ephedra sp.
(c.) Digitalis purpurea
(d.) Papaver somniferum
ANSWER: a
EXPLANATION: (a)
Cocaine is an alkaloid obtained from the leaves of Erythroxylon coca of

family- Erthroxylaceae. It is used as local anaesthetic as well as
stimulant for the digestive
and nervous system.
#QID# 26340
Page 114 of 324
Page 115 of 324
QUESTION
(215.) Fungi belonging to genera
Mircoporum Trichophyton Epidermophyton , and
are
responsible for
(a.) Ringworm
(b.) Skin allergy
(c.) Amoebiasis
(d.) Measles
ANSWER: a
EXPLANATION: (a)
A fungus parasitic upon the skin, usually a species of Microsporum,
Epidermophyton or Trichophyton is responsible for ringworm. They are also
called cutaneous fungus
#QID# 26341
(216.) A localized inflammatory response appears at the site of

infection causes
redness, swelling, pain and heat due to certain chemicals, they are
(a.) Histamine and prostaglandins
(b.) Cerumen and mucus
(c.) Histamine and cerumen
(d.) Prostaglandins and cerumen
ANSWER: a
#QID# 26342
(217.) A drug called morphine is obtained from
(a.) Rauwolffia serpentina
(b.) Cannabis sativa
Page 115 of 324
Page 116 of 324
QUESTION
(c.) Cajanus cajan
(d.) Papaver somniferum
ANSWER: d
EXPLANATION: (d)
The drug morphine is obtained from P. somniferum.
#QID# 26343
(218.) Scientists were able to pinpoint the location of colour

processing centers in
the visual cortex of the brain by means of
(a.) PET
(b.) NMR
(c.) CT-scan
(d.) X-ray
ANSWER: a
EXPLANATION: (a)
ELISA (Enzyme Linked Immune Sorbent Assay) is used for detection of AIDS,
virus and antibodies. It is a standard test for detecting the presence

of antibody
directed against HIV. ELISA is well used for detection of viruses,

fungi, bacteria,
etc.
#QID# 26344
(219.) Interferon –β
is also termed as
(a.) Immune interferon
(b.) Fibroblast interferon
Page 116 of 324
Page 117 of 324
QUESTION
(c.) Leucocyte interferon
(d.) Anti-immune interferon
ANSWER: a
EXPLANATION: (a)
Interferon-β
is also termed as immune interferon.
#QID# 26345
(220.) The disease caused by virus, which is 42 nm in size and contains
double
stranded DNA is
(a.) Hepatitis-A
(b.) AIDS
(c.) Hepatitis-B
(d.) Leprosy
ANSWER: c
EXPLANATION: (c)
Hepatitis-B virus contains double stranded DNA, while Hepatitis-C,

Hepatitis-E,
Hepatitis-A and HIV contain single stranded RNA
#QID# 26346
(221.) Smoking causes
(a.) Heart disease
(b.) Gastric ulcer
(c.) Bronchitis
(d.) All of these
Page 117 of 324
Page 118 of 324
QUESTION
ANSWER: d
EXPLANATION: (d)
Smoking increases the chances of lung cancer, bronchitis, emphysema,

coronary
heart diseases, cancer of throat, gastric ulcer, cancer of urinary

bladder, etc.
#QID# 26347
(222.) A person is suffering from frequent episodes of nasal discharge,

nasal
congestion, reddening of eyes and watery eyes. These are the symptoms of
(a.) Cyanosis
(b.) Bronchitis
(c.) Rhinitis
(d.) Bronchial carcinoma
ANSWER: c
EXPLANATION: (c)
Rhinitis, commonly known as runny nose, is the medical term describing

irration
and inflammation of some internal areas of the nose. The primary symptom of
rhinitis is nasal dripping. It is caused by chronic or acute

inflammation of the
mucous membrane of the nose due to viruses, bacteria or irritants.

Rhinitis affects
an individual’s nose, throat or eyes and cause an increase in fluid

production
within these areas.
#QID# 26348
(223.) Which of the following is a viral disease?
(a.) Typhoid
Page 118 of 324
Page 119 of 324
QUESTION
(b.) Polio
(c.) TB
(d.) Leprosy
ANSWER: b
EXPLANATION: (b)
Polio or polio myelitis is an infective viral disease infants and

childrens. It is
caused by small RNA virus (polio virus or enterovirus).
#QID# 26349
(224.) Immunodeficiency makes a person highly susceptible to infection.

It is
caused by
(a.) Lack of B-cells
(b.) Lack of T-cells
ANSWER: c
EXPLANATION: (c)
The B-cells and T-cells are produced in bone marrow.
The T-cells (T-helper cells) stimulate B-cells to produce antibodies.

Antibodies
are the main component of immune system. Immunodeficiency is characterized
by a very low number of circulating lymphocytes (B and T-cells) and the

affected
persons usually die at an early stage.
#QID# 26350
Page 119 of 324
Page 120 of 324
QUESTION
(225.) The causative agent of filaria is
(a.) Wuchereria bancrofti
(b.) Leishmania donovani
(c.) Plasmodium vivax
(d.) Trypanosoma gambiens
ANSWER: a
EXPLANATION: (a)
Filariasis is also known as elephantiasis as the legs become very heavy,
stouts
and elephant-like. This disease is caused by Wuchereria bancrofti or

filarial
worm, which invades in lymphatic or connective tissues. It spreads by

the bite of
culex mosquitoes.
#QID# 26351
(226.) Chemical carcinogens present in smoke have been identified as a

major
cause of
(a.) Lung cancer
(b.) Liver cancer
(c.) Oral cancer
(d.) None of these
ANSWER: a
EXPLANATION: (a)
Chemical carcinogens present in smoke have been identified as a major

cause of
lung cancer
Page 120 of 324
Page 121 of 324
QUESTION
#QID# 26352
(227.) The cancer of the epithelial cells is called
(a.) Leukaemia
(b.) Lipoma
(c.) Sarcoma
(d.) Carcinoma
ANSWER: d
EXPLANATION: (d)
The cancer of epithelial cells is called carcinoma. It is a tumour that

arises in the
tissue that line the body’s organ like the nose, the colon, the penis,
breast, etc.
About 80% of all cancers are carcinomas. Leukaemia are cancers of blood or
blood terming organ. Sarcoma originates in mesodermal tissue like bone,
connective tissue muscle, cartilage, fibrous tissue or fat.
#QID# 26353
(228.) Cell-mediated immunity is responsible for
(a.) Graft rejection
(c.) Organ surgery
(d.) Innate immunity
ANSWER: a
EXPLANATION: (a)
Transplant rejection is caused by the body’s immune response to foreign

material.
Cell-mediated immunity is responsible for graft rejection
Page 121 of 324
Page 122 of 324
QUESTION
#QID# 26354
(229.) Physiological barrier which prevents entry of microorganism in

our body
is/are
(a.) Acid in the stomach
(b.) Saliva in the mouth
(c.) Tears from eyes
(d.) All of these

ANSWER: d
EXPLANATION: (d)
Physiological barriers Acid in the stomach, saliva in the mouth, tears

from eyes
all prevent microbial growth
#QID# 26355
(230.) Antiviral substances, produced by many vertebrates in response to

viral
infections for resisting the multiplication of viruses as known as
(a.) Viroid
(b.) Interferon
(c.) Antivirin
(d.) Antigen
ANSWER: b
EXPLANATION: (b)
Interferons.
Virus infected cells secrete proteins called interferons, which protect

non-infected
cells from further viral infection
Page 122 of 324
Page 123 of 324
QUESTION
#QID# 26356
(231.) Study the given diagram and name the labelled
AB,
and
(a.) A-Gametocytes, B-Salivary glands, C-Sporozoites
(b.) A-Sporozoites, B-Salivary glands, C-Gametocytes

(c.) A-Salivary glands, B-Sporozoites, C-Gametocytes
(d.) A-Salivary glands, B-Gametocytes, C-Sporozoites
ANSWER: a
EXPLANATION: (a)
A-Gametocytes, B-Salivary glands, C-Sporozoites
#QID# 26357
(232.) Who developed vaccine against smallpox?
(a.) Lousi Pasteur
(b.) Selman Waksman
(c.) Edward jenner
(d.) Alexander Flemming
Page 123 of 324
Page 124 of 324
QUESTION
ANSWER: d
EXPLANATION: (d)
Smallpox is an acute, highly communicable disease caused by variola

virus. It
has now been largely controlled through vaccination. Smallpox vaccine

was first
prepared by Edward Jenner in 1798.
#QID# 26358
(233.) The main reason, why antibiotics could not solve all the problems of
bacterial disease, is
(a.) Inactivation of antibiotics by bacterial enzyme
(b.) Decreased efficiency of the immune system
(c.) The development of mutant strains resistant to antibiotics
(d.) Insensitivity of the individual following long exposure to

antibisotics
ANSWER: c
EXPLANATION: (c)
Antibodies could not solve all the problems of bacterial disease due to
development of mutant strains resistant to antibodies.
#QID# 26359
(234.) ELISA assay
(a.) Use complement mediated cells lysis
(b.) User a radiobelled second antibody
(c.) Involves addition of substrate which is converted into coloured end
product
(d.) Requires red blood cells
Page 124 of 324
Page 125 of 324
QUESTION
ANSWER: c
EXPLANATION: (c)
In ELISA (Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay), the antibody is bound to an
inert polymer support than exposed to the sample. The second antibody
used is
one that has an enzyme attached to it that converts a colourless or

nonfluorescent
substrate into a coloured or fluorescent produet.
#QID# 26360
(235.) Cross sectional image of internal body structure can be obtained

by using
which medical technique?
(a.) ECG - Electro Cardio Graph
(b.) EEG - Electro Encephalo Graph
(c.) CAT - Computerized Axial Tomography

(d.) PET - Positron Emission Tomography
ANSWER: c
EXPLANATION: (c)
Computerized axial tomography (CAT) is specialized technique for study of
various parts inside the skull and location of any pathological condition.
#QID# 26361
(236.) Communicable disease means
(a.) The disease transmitted from man to man
(b.) The disease caused by biological agents
Page 125 of 324
Page 126 of 324
QUESTION
(d.) Present from birth or inherited
ANSWER: c
#QID# 26362
(237.) The infectious form (after entering into human blood) of malarial
parasite
migrate to the
(a.) Erythrocytes of human
(b.) Liver cells of human
(c.) Stomach of mosquito
(d.) Salivary gland of mosquito
ANSWER: b
EXPLANATION: (b)
A mosquito causes infection by taking a blood meal. First, sporozoites

enter the
bloodstream, and migrate to the liver of man

#QID# 26363
(238.)
is a
(a.) Viral parasite
(b.) Bacterial parasite
(c.) Protozoan parasite
(d.) Fungal parasite
ANSWER: c
EXPLANATION: (c)
Page 126 of 324
Page 127 of 324
QUESTION
Entamoeba histolytica is gastrointestinal protozoan parasite that

possess a serious
health problem, with 50 million annual infections throughout the world
#QID# 26364
(239.) Virus-infected cells secrete proteins called
(a.) Enzyme
(b.) Interferon
(c.) Hormone
(d.) Antibody
ANSWER: b
EXPLANATION: (b)
Interferon.
Interferons block viral reproduction in healthy cells
#QID# 26365
(240.) World health organization has started a number of programmes to

prevent
spreading of HIV infection
Few such steps include
I. ensuring use of disposable needles and syringes
II. free distribution of condoms
III. advocating safe sex
IV. controlling drug abuse
Which of the steps given above are correct?
(a.) I and II
(b.) III and IV
(c.) II, III and IV
(d.) I, II, III and IV
Page 127 of 324
Page 128 of 324
QUESTION
ANSWER: d
EXPLANATION: (d)
World Health Organisation has started a number of programmes to prevent the
spreading of HIV infection that includes
(i) making blood from blood banks safe from HIV
(ii) ensuring the use of only disposal needless and syrings
(iii) free distribution of condoms
(iv) controlling drug abuse
(v) advocating safe sex and promoting regular check-ups
#QID# 26366
(241.) Colostrum
(a.) Can be synthesized by the new born baby
(b.) Is a natural source of antibodies that secreted from the breast for
the first
few days after birth
(c.) Contain primarily fat
(d.) Is a enzyme involved in stimulating lactation
ANSWER: b
EXPLANATION: (b)
Colostrum is the first fluid secreted by the mammary glands after

childbirth.
Although deficient in many nutrients found in milk-colostrum contains large
quantities of antibodies that cross the intestinal mucosa and enter the
infant’s
blood
#QID# 26367
Page 128 of 324
Page 129 of 324
QUESTION
(242.) Large group of lymphoid tissue in respiratory, digestive and

urogenital
tract are collectively called
(a.) MALT
(b.) Peyer’s patches
(c.) Mucosa lymph nodes
(d.)
α-globulins
ANSWER: a
EXPLANATION: (a)
There is lymphoid tissue also located within the lining of the major tracts
(respiratory, digestive and urogentital tracts) called Mucosa Associated
Lymphoid Tissue (MALT). It constitutes about 50% of the lymphoid tissue in
human body
#QID# 26368
(243.) Select the true statement
I. AIDS has no cure, prevention is the best option
II. During HIV infection, the person suffers from fever, weight loss and
diarrhoea
III. HIV is a retrovirus, which means its genetic material is DNA
(a.) I and II
(b.) I and III
(c.) II and III
(d.) None of these
ANSWER: a
EXPLANATION: (a)
Page 129 of 324
Page 130 of 324
QUESTION
All the groups of viruses contains RNA and reverse transcriptase,

including the
virus that causes AIDS
#QID# 26369
(244.) Diacetyl morphine is commonly known as
(a.) Morphine
(b.) Cannabis
(c.) heroin
(d.) cocaine
ANSWER: c
EXPLANATION: (c)
Diacetly morphine is commonly known as heroin.
#QID# 26370
(245.) Reasons for alcohol abuse in adolescents are
I. social pressure
II. curiosity and need for adventure, excitement and experiment
III. to escape from stress, depression and frustration
IV. to overcome hardships of daily life
(a.) I, II and III
(b.) I, III and IV
(c.) II, III and IV
(d.) I, II, III and IV
ANSWER: d
Page 130 of 324
Page 131 of 324
QUESTION
EXPLANATION: (d)
Curiosity, need for adventure and excitement, and experimentation, social
pressure, constitute common causes, which motivate youngsters towards drug
and alcohol use. Thus, the first use of drugs or alcohol may be out of
curiosity or
experimentation, but later the child starts using these to escape facing
problems.
Of late, strees, from pressures to excel in academics or examinations,

has played
a significant role in persuading the youngsters to try alcohol and drugs
#QID# 26371
(246.) A disease which can easily transmit from one person to another is
called
(a.) Non-infectious disease
(b.) Infectious disease

(c.) Viral disease
(d.) Bacterial disease
ANSWER: b
EXPLANATION: (b)
A disease, which can be easily transmitted from one person to another is

called
infections disease. Infectious disease are also known as transmissible

disease or
communicable disease
#QID# 26372
(247.) The name of Mary Mallon is related with the disease
(a.) Typhoid
(b.) Pneumonia
(c.) Dengue
(d.) AIDS
Page 131 of 324
Page 132 of 324
QUESTION
ANSWER: a
EXPLANATION: (a)
Many Mallon (Nicked name typhoid Mary born on September 23, 1869,
Cookstown Country Tyrone, Ireland) Famous typhoid carrier who allegedly

gave
rise to multiple outbreaks of typhoid fever
#QID# 26373
(248.) The organ related with immunity is
(a.) Liver
(b.) Parathyroid
(c.) Thymus
(d.) Pineal
ANSWER: c
EXPLANATION: (c)
Thymus is essential in neonatal infant and postnatal child for normal

development
of lymphoid organs and cellular immunity. Thymus is the seedbed of T-

lymphocytes(T-cell).T-cells generate cell mediated immunity.
#QID# 26374
(249.) Tiny lesions of multiple sclerosis on brain and spinal tissue can
be observed
by
(a.) Magnetic resonance imaging
(b.) Position emission tomography
(c.) X-rays radiography
(d.) Digital subtraction angiography
Page 132 of 324
Page 133 of 324
QUESTION
ANSWER: a
EXPLANATION: (a)
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a non-invasive technique, capable to

map
internal tissues, highlight pathological changes and study tissue

metabolism with
the help of spectroscopy. This technique is largely used to observe the

tiny lesions
of multiple sclerosis on brain and spinal tissue.
#QID# 26375
(250.) Genetic material found in Human Immunodeficiency Virus(HIV)is
(a.) Double stranded RNA
(b.) Single stranded RNA

(c.) Double stranded DNA
(d.) Single stranded DNA
ANSWER: b
EXPLANATION: (b)
Human immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is causal organism of AIDS (Acquired
Immuno Deficiency Syndrome). It is a retrovirus belonging to the family-

Retroviridae. The core of HIV contains two molecules of single standard
RNA(as
genetic material) and reverse transcriptase.
#QID# 26376
(251.) A major benefit of breast feeding for the new born infant is
(a.) Low lactose content
(b.) The high casein content
Page 133 of 324

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OF LIFE.pdf", "mimeType": "application\/pdf"}
Page 1 of 200
#QID# 10815
(1.) What are those structures that appear as ‘beads-on-string’ in the

chromosomes when
viewed under electron microscope?
(a.) Nucleotides
(b.) Nucleosomes
(c.) Base pairs
(d.) Genes
ANSWER: b
EXPLANATION: (b)
Nucleosome is sub-microscopic sub-unit of chromatin which is formed by

wrapping of DNA
over a core of histone proteins. The term was coined by Oudet et. al..,
(1975). It is oblate
structure with a length of 10nm and a thickness of 5-5.7nm. Its core is

called nu-body. The
latter is formed of four pairs of histone molecules H2, A,H2B,H3 andH4.

DNA makes 1.75
turns over the octamer to form a nucleosome. Two adjacent nucleosomes

are connected by a
short segment of unboud DNA called linker DNA. A fifth type of histone
called H1is attached
over the linker DNA. Nucleosomes appear as ‘beads-on-string’ in the

chromosomes under
electron microscope.
#QID# 10816
(2.) The two polynucleotide chains in DNA are
(a.) Parallel
(b.) Discontinuous
(c.) Antiparallel
(d.) Semi-conservative
ANSWER: c
EXPLANATION: (c)
In 1953, James Watson and Francis Crick suggested that in a DNA molecule
there are two
polynucleotide chains arranged antiparallel or in opposite directions.
#QID# 10817
Page 1 of 200
Page 2 of 200
(3.) Centrosome is not present in
(a.) Cell of higher plants
(b.) Cell of lower plants
(c.) Cell of higher animals
(d.) Cell of lower animals
ANSWER: a
EXPLANATION: (a)
Centrosome is an organelle containing two cylindrical structures called

centrioles and occurs
in most algal cells (except red algae) and most animal cells. They are
absent in prokaryotes,
red algae, yeast, gymnosperms and angiosperms and some non-flagellated

or non-ciliated
protozoans.
#QID# 10818
(4.) Channel proteins are involved in
(a.) Transport of enzymes
(b.) Water transport
(c.) Active transport of ions
(d.) Passive transport of ions
ANSWER: d
EXPLANATION: (d)
There are two major classes of membrane transport proteins carrier

proteins and channel
proteins. Carrier proteins involved with active as well as passive

transport of ions or solutes
while channel proteins are involved only with passive transport.
#QID# 10819
(5.) Part of chromosome after secondary constriction is called
(a.) Centriole
(b.) Centromere
(c.) Chromomere
(d.) Satellite
Page 2 of 200
Page 3 of 200
ANSWER: d
EXPLANATION: (d)
Normally, the primary constriction is known as kinetochore. In some

cases, chromosome
contains non-staining secondary constriction called satellite

#QID# 10820
(6.) Tubulin protein occurs in
(a.) Digestive enzymes
(b.) Rough endoplasmic reticulum
(c.) Thylakoids
(d.) Microtubules
ANSWER: d
EXPLANATION: (d)
The ciliary microtubules are made up of tubulin. The two subfibres A and
B are composed of
α and β tubulin having mol. Wt. 56,000 and 58,000 respectively.
#QID# 10821
(7.) Quantasomes are found in
(a.) Mitochondria
(b.) Chloroplast
(c.) Lysosome
(d.) Endoplasmic reticulum
ANSWER: b
EXPLANATION: (b)
On the inner side of the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts are present

a paracrystalline
array of particles (20×10 nm); these were called quantosomes by Park and
Pon (1963).
#QID# 10822
Page 3 of 200
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08. HUMAN HEALTH and DISEASE

(1.) Cannabis sativa is the source of

various combinations to produce marijuana, hashish, charas and ganja.

cardiovascular system of the body. A group of chemicals cannabinoids

with cannabinoids receptors present principally in the brain. Natural

are obtained from the inflorescence of the plant Cannabis sativa.

(2.) Which of the following is a pair of bacterial diseases?

(a.) Typhoid and Pneumonia

(b.) Malaria and AIDS

(c.) Ringworm and AIDS

(d.) Cold and Malaria

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Typhoid is caused by pathogenic bacterium Salmonella typhi. It is spread by

contaminated food and water.

Pneumonia is caused by bacteria Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus

influenza. It is spread by inhaling droplets/aerosol from infected

(3.) Which of the following is a protozoan disease?

(c.) Sleeping sickness

(d.) All of these

Malaria, amoebiasis and sleeping sickness all are protozoan diseases

the protozoans Plasmodium, Amoeba and Trypanosoma respectively.

(4.) Antibody is connected with

(a.) Skeletal system

(b.) Circulatory system

(c.) Immune system

(d.) Respiratory system

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Antibody is connected with immune system. B-lymphocytes or B-cells produce

an army of proteins called antibodies in blood, in response to pathogens

(5.) Which of the following vaccines are injected to babies at age of

(a.) DPT-Hib and polio

(b.) Polio and BCG

(c.) BCG and DPT-Hib

(d.) BCG and hepatitis-B

Vaccination schedule for babies(for first six months) comprises- Age

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s-B and ABCG

(6.) Interferons protect healthy cells in human from

(a.) Viral infection

(b.) Bacterial infection

(c.) Fungal infection

(d.) Protozoan infection

Interferons block viral reproduction in healthy cells

(7.) During an allergic reaction, the binding of antigens to IgE antibodies

initiates a response, in which chemicals cause the dilation of blood

and a host of other physiological changes. Such chemicals are

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Histamine is released from mast cells during allergic reactions.

occur in various tissues but is concentrated in connective tissue. It is

the amino acids histidine . It causes dilation and increases

blood vessels, which results in such symptoms as localised swelling,

sneezing and runny eyes and nose.

(8.) Colostrum provides the infant with

(b.) Passive immunity

(c.) Active immunity

(d.) Innate immunity

The acquisition of the antibodies in colostrum by an infant is an