FINAL EXAM REVIEWER

PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND HEALTH

3 Metabolic Systems
• Phosphagen system
Quickest way to recycle ATP. With the help of phosphocreatine, it produces energy. Short bursts of
energy that last for about 1-30 seconds.
Phosphocreatine or Creatine Phosphate- this is where ATP are stored to use for next physical activity
• Anaerobic glycolysis
2nd fastest way of obtaining energy. Glucose is the main source of energy. The energy produced last
longer for up to 3 minutes.
• Aerobic glycolysis
Produces ATP at slowest rate. - Requires oxygen to produce ATP. - Use for longer period of time, more
than 3 minutes.
Health related Physical Fitness
USDHHS defines physical fitness as a “set of attributes that people have or achieve that relates to the
ability to perform physical activity.”
1. Cardiorespiratory Fitness
- the body of a physically fit person can sufficiently and efficiently fuel or supply oxygen to the muscles
during physical activities via the circulatory and respiratory systems.
2. Body Composition
- is the ratio of fat, muscles, bone, and other tissues that compose your body. A certain amount of
body fat is necessary for good health. Extremely high or low amounts of fat can cause health problems.
3. Flexibility
- describes the range of movement possible at various joints. If you want to be as good as you can, you
must work on flexibility as regular as you work on muscular strength and endurance or cardiovascular efficiency.
4. Muscular Strength
- is the ability of a muscle group to apply a maximal force against a resistance one time.
- amount of force use in a single contraction of muscle
5. Muscular Endurance
- is the ability to repeat muscle movement for a long period of time.
Tradition- a belief or behavior (folk custom) that is passed down within a group or society with symbolic meaning
special significance with origins in the past.
Traditional Dances- also called folk dances are dance practices that have been passed on or handed from
generation to generation.
According to Villaruz (2006), precolonial dances can be classified as (1) religious, (2) imitative of life activities or
movements in environment, and for (3) socialization.
Isadora Duncan- was known as the “Mother of Modern dance”. She was the first to break away from classical ballet. She
was inspired by the ancient Greek, with free- flowing costumes, bare feet and loose hair. Her source of movement was in
her solar plexus.

4 STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT AS A DANCER

1. 1898- at early age, Ruth was already a dancer in vaudevilles. She was discovered by a broadway producer and
director, David Belasco. He hired Ruth as one of his stage dancer on his production entitled “Zaza”. Her real
name is Ruth Dennis.
2. Egyptian inspiration- by her artistic imagination, she discovered more on drama and dance. She focused on
eastern countries, namely: Japan, Egypt, and India. She began reading scientology, philosophy, and ancient
cultures of these countries. When she was travelling with Belasco for their play, she saw a poster of goddess
Isis, one of the goddesses of Egypt. She discovered more on Egypt then to India.
3. Radha- in 1905, she left Belasco and began her solo career as an artist. This time she created Radha, an Indian
mythology which she turned into dance. She performed Radha in New York City, USA. She became popular with
this dance.
4. Ruth St. Denis and Ted Shawn- in 1914, she hired Ted Shawn as a teacher and dancer on her studio. Year
after, they became lovers and get married. They built the Denishawn School of Dance in 1915. Ruth St. Denis
ended her career as a dancer but began to be a teacher of modern dance.
Martha Graham- influential American dancer of modern dance. Graham attended the Denishawn school from
1916- 1923. She is known for her own technique based on contraction and release. One of her most famous
dances was entitled “Lamentation”.
Doris Humphrey- was a featured soloist with the Denishawn Company. She was known for creating her own
technique based on fall and recovery and for helping to found the Juilliard Dance Theater.
Contemporary dance focuses on creating new techniques and styles. Involves incorporating aspects of
movement from several other genres such as jazz, modern and ballet.
Merce Cunningham- He formed his own company in 1953 and created the Cunningham technique. He is best
known for creating chance dance, where there is no set of choreography, but merely suggestions of how to
move.
ELEMENTS OF MODERN DANCE (BASTE)
BODY- the medium or instrument used by the dancers. In using his/ her body, a dancer may be relatively still or
constantly moving throughout the performance.
ACTION- movements that the body performs. It is the modern dancers’ actions that makes modern dance
distinct from ballet.
SPACE- refers to the area where the dancers perform.
TIME- refers to the timing of movements in a performance.
ENERGY- refers to the force of an action that brings character to the movement.
2 STYLES OF BALLROOM DANCE
1. Smooth and Standard- focuses on the elegance, grace and fluidity of movement.- slow paced.
2. Latin and Rhythm- focuses on displaying of vibrant energy and personal flair.- fast paced.
Natures of Festival Dance
Religious festival- this nature of festival dance only focuses in honoring a patron or saint of a community or
town. Most of these festivals are influenced by the Spanish.
Secular festivals- these are non- religious festivals. These festivals focus more on showcasing a town’s culture
or bragging their famous products.
Cheerdance vs. Cheerleading
According to Eduardo David Jr., manager of Team Pilipinas Cheer squad:
Cheerdance is more artistic as it focuses on choreography of dance, while cheerleading is more technical
because it requires specific skills like what we can see in gymnastics.
According to Rhufa Rosario, a pep squad coach:
Cheerleading has 5 elements according to Rhufa Rosario:
1. dance
2. stunts
3. pyramid
4. tumbling
5. tosses
Flyers- cheerleaders who are being tossed in the air, and responsible in making stunts
Thomas Peebles- a Princeton University graduate, introduced the idea of synchronized yelling at football games
In 1898, Johnny Campbell who was a Medical Student of University of Minnesota, became the first cheerleader
in history when he directed a crowd to do yell.
In 1923, females were finally admitted in cheerleading.
In 1920s many published school papers still referred the males as cheerleaders, females were not fully
recognized in the field of cheerdancing and cheerleading
In early 1940s, when WW2 was occurring, male people had to focus more in military trainings. Therefore,
females had more opportunities to participate in sports events, including cheerleading and cheerdancing.
Lawrence Herkimer- father of Modern Cheer. He revolutionized cheerleading as a sport. He also invented the
most well- known jump in cheerleading, the herkie. He is also the founder of National Cheerleaders Association.
His innovations spread around the world as different countries began to adopt American Sports in their culture.
Basics of Cheerdance and Cheerleading
1. Motions- the most important aspect of cheerdance and cheerleading
2. Jumps- draw the spectators’ attention, when done correctly, they give the performance a certain appearance
of difficulty.
3. Tumbling- one of the core skills in gymnastics.
4. Stunting- stunt sequences and pyramids are some of the most exciting feats to watch in cheer dancing.