ProximitySensors Lec1
ProximitySensors Lec1
ProximitySensors Lec1
Unit- 2
Position/Distance Sensor
• A proximity sensor is a non-contact type sensor that detects the
movement or presence of an object (“target”) when the target enters the
sensor’s field.
• Produces information in terms of electrical signal.
• Proximity Sensors are widely used in industrial and manufacturing
applications, especially for safety and inventory management applications.
In an automated production line, for example, it is used for object
detection, positioning, inspection and counting. It is also used for part
detection in an industrial conveyor system.
• Proximity sensors can also be found in consumer devices. In smartphones,
proximity sensors are used to detect if a user is holding their phone near
their face. They are also used as capacitive touch switches on consumer
electronics products.
• It is also used for many other different applications such as a diffuse
sensor in a public washrooms or a collision detection sensor for robots,
self-driving car!
Proximity Sensor
There are many types of proximity sensors,
and they each sense targets in distinct
ways. Sound, light, infrared radiation (IR),
or electromagnetic fields may be utilized
by the sensor to detect a target.
• Depending on how inductive the metal is, the target can be detected at
either a greater or shorter distance.
Inductive Proximity Sensor
An inductive proximity sensor mainly consists of a coil, an electronic oscillator, a
detection circuit, an output circuit, and an energy source to provide electrical
stimulation.
Capacitive Proximity Sensor
• The effective sensing distance for the target materials with a larger
dielectric constant is more than that for the target materials with a
smaller dielectric constant. For example, a capacitive sensor can
have an effective sensing distance of 10 mm for alcohol with a
dielectric constant of 25, while the same capacitive sensor can have
a sensing distance 2 mm for glass with a dielectric constant of 5.
Optical/ Photoelectric proximity sensor
• A photoelectric proximity sensor uses a light transmitter (mostly infrared)
and a photoelectric receiver to detect the distance or presence/absence of
a target object.
• Generally, these sensors are cost-effective as compared to inductive &
capacitive types. These are applicable in automated systems as they can
arrange into small locations.
• Reflective proximity sensors detect objects when the light emitted from
the sensor is reflected back at the photoelectric receiver.
• Through-beam sensors detect targets when the target breaks the beam of
light between the sensor’s emitter and receiver.
Reflective Photoelectric proximity sensor
• There are many variations of photoelectric sensors:
• The frequency range of these sensors is higher than the audible sound of
humans . The basic principle of this sensor is to transmit an ultrasonic
signal & gets a signal back. By using the time disparity among these
signals, the distance toward the target can be decided.
• Available with both the transmitter & the receiver within the similar
physical housing, also as separate units such as in the photoelectric
sensors . Arranging the transmitter & receiver within the same unit can
reduce the cabling and installation.