Machine Translated by Google

JUDO
History, facilities, costumes, technique, classification of techniques, terminology.
Illustrations of the techniques [projections, immobilizations, strangulations, dislocations].
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JUDO
Judo is a martial art and Olympic sport created by the Japanese doctor Jigoro
Kano at the end of the 19th century, it is a discipline derived from Jiujitsu and a
very elaborate form of wrestling. It receives this name because it comes from the
Japanese term "Path of flexibility, softness or gentle path".

The principle of judo is to achieve maximum efficiency with minimum

effort. He did it when he was twenty years old and in 1882 he founded the
first Kodokan (judo school) in Shitaya and located it on the premises of the
Eisholi Buddhist temple; with just 9 disciples.
Today judo is an international sport with more than 10 million practitioners worldwide, people
practice judo for elite competitions, to stay fit, to build self-confidence and for many other different
reasons. . A characteristic of all those who practice judo is personal self-control, and respect for the
contrary and the regulations. As in most oriental fighting sports, sportsmanship is above all else.

- In 1890, judo was already established in Japan and quickly became popular. The educational authorities
of Japan adopted it as an official sport and the police included it in their training programs.

- In 1918, the first Judo club in Europe was established. It was the Budokway, in London, founded
by Gunji Kozumi (1885-1965).
- In 1930 the first Japanese championships were held. At the beginning of World War II, judo was
already the national sport.
- In 1949 the British Judo Association and the European Judo Union were founded.
- In 1951 the International Judo Federation was created.
- In 1956 the first world championships were held in Tokyo, and since 1965 they have been held every
two years.
- Since 1964 it is considered an Olympic sport, at the Tokyo Olympics, it was added to the
program, initially in three weight categories. - 1980
the women's championships began to be held.
- In 1988, at the Seoul Olympics, women's demonstration events were introduced and
It became an official sport in 1992.

Jigoro Kano (1860 – 1936)

Dr. Jigoro Kano, born on October 28, 1860 in Kobe "Japan" was
the founder of judo.
At the age of 18, he founded the first baseball club in Japan, the
“Kasei Baseball Club”. In 1881 he finished his university career,
graduating from the University of Tokyo from the Department of
Literature, specializing in literature, political science and economics.
The following year (1982) he founded the Kodokan, locating it in the
Eisholi temple (a small temple of the Jodo Buddhist sect, in Tokyo's
Shimo-tani). His system of martial arts (judo) eclipsed the old schools
of jujitsu in Japan. Successfully, Kano managed to get judo incorporated
into the Japanese educational system (primary, secondary, university
and even in the police).

Kano worked in the development of physical education and sports

and presided over the Japan Sports Federation and at the age of 49
(1909) he was appointed a member of the International Olympic
Committee, being the first Japanese to be appointed to this position.
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He died on May 4, 1938 at 5:33 in the morning, of pneumonia aboard the Hikawa Maru (a Japanese liner)
when he was returning to Japan from Cairo "Egypt" after proposing to the International Olympic Committee
that Tokyo host the Games. Olympics of 1940 (games that I did not perform).

Posthumously received the highest rank in Judo, which is the white belt. According to the philosophy
of Judo, this is continuous learning and when we die it is as if we were starting over.

Installations

The place where Judo is practiced is called "Dojo" on the ground there are generally mats that
measure 2 x 1 meters and about 5 cm. thick that significantly cushion possible blows and sudden falls,
which is called "Tatami". While the competition area is a square measuring 14 to 16 meters.

Locker room

The clothing used is the keikogi (not to be confused with kimono), which in judo
is called judogi, and with the belt (obi). It is white, cream or it can also be blue;
although it is nothing more than an addition to simplify arbitration. It is light with
reinforced seams and is made of an extremely resistant fabric, to withstand the pulls
of the fighters.

The loose shirt is fastened with the belt that goes around the body twice and is tied
with a square knot. The color of the belt indicates the level of the competitor.

the belts

Judo categories are divided into Kyu (student) and Dan (master) grades. In the West, the belts, Kyu
(lower degree), are six and start with white to brown and then black.

Within black there are other graduations called "Dan" (advanced

degree) that reach up to 10°. Upon reaching 6th, the belt
becomes white with red. This belt remains until 8th, and then,
from 9th to 10th Dan, the color of the belt becomes red.

On the other hand, in Japan there is only the white, brown and
black belt. The 10th Dan has only been awarded to the
students of master Jigoro Kano, to a few other judokas
posthumously, and to a few great masters.
The highest possible degree is the 12th Dan, white in color,
and has only been achieved by Jigoro Kano who received the
posthumous title of Shihan (Doctor).

categories

The men's categories are divided into 10 levels, by the weight of the judoka, in weight sections from more
than 95 kg to less than 60 kg. The women present 7 levels, from more than 72 kg to less than 48 kg in
weight. In the Olympic trials and world championships there has always been a great Japanese superiority
in the men's categories, while among the women, the British, Latin American and Spanish have excelled.

The capacity for suffering is a characteristic of all judokas; and they must also have good physical
condition, great flexibility, speed, speed of movement, power of anticipation, and use of the opponent's
strength to unbalance him.
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The basis of the technique

The three technical groups on which the art of Judo is based are:

1. Tachi-waza: Techniques performed standing or in an upright position.

2. Suwari-waza: Techniques performed in Japanese sitting postures 3. Ne-
waza: Techniques developed to be performed on the ground, either lying down or lying down. They are
also known as Katame Waza "control techniques" is divided into 3 groups: Osae waza
(immobilizations), Shime waza (strangulations) and Kansetsu waza (dislocations).

And the most important technical principles of Judo are:

Ukemi: The art of falling without getting hurt. Uke means to receive, mi means body.

a. Mae Ukemi: Fall forward.

b. Ushiro Ukemi: Fall backwards or back.

c. Yoko Ukemi: Caída lateral o de lado.

d. Mae Maware Ukemi: Caída hacia

the front or forward rolling.

Kuzushi: It is the study of the 8 types of imbalance of the human body: forwards, backwards, to the
sides and the combinations of the previous 4.

Judo techniques having been developed in such a way that they can conform to all possible
circumstances that may arise in a state of combat, their nature and form of application are unlimited in
their variations. But according to their character, they can be grouped or classified into the following
categories:
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• Nage-waza: Called throwing or throwing techniques, it is based on movements that use the lever
principle (Bamboo principle) to knock down an opponent.
These techniques are the most characteristic of the art of Judo, since 1919 the Kodokan reduced
the Judo program of techniques, due to the danger of some of them and divided them into 5 groups
to facilitate learning, these are:

ÿ Te-waza: Projection techniques using the

shoulders, arms or hands.

ÿ Koshi-waza: Projection techniques with hip

support.

ÿ Ashi-waza: Projection techniques using

the legs.

ÿ Ma-sutemi-waza: Techniques of
projection sacrificing your own
balance towards the front.

ÿ Yoko-sutemi-waza: Projection
techniques sacrificing one's own
balance to one side.

These techniques consist of 5 important parts that are well differentiated but integrated into a
single movement: Kumi-kata, Kuzushi, Tuskuri, Kake and Ukemi.

1. Kumi-kata: The form of the opponent's grip will determine the type and mode of
projection to be carried out, it is the way to prepare the way to knock him down.
2. Kuzushi: The application of the correct imbalance will be marked by the Kumi
kata performed, in such a way that Kumi-kata and Kuzushi are a single movement.
3. Tsukuri: It consists of placing the opponent in the most appropriate position for the
execution of the projection and in such conditions that it cannot be defended, at the same
time the performer is placed in the most favorable position that allows maximum efficiency.

4. Kake: It is the continuation of the Tsukuri until the end of the technique. The Kake has for
It is intended to make the opponent land on his head or shoulders, but in practice or training
he will be made to land on his back.
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5. Ukemi: The art of the fall aims to reduce the risk of injury during training sessions of
throwing techniques, as well as knowing how to reduce the risk of an attack by such
techniques.

All movements are carried out continuously without any pause between them, the weight of the
opponent must not be carried during the execution of the technique, in the training sessions the
opponent will be helped in his fall and one side of the body must be used as a lever . In each of these
techniques Tori is the one who executes the movement and Uke the one who receives the technique.

• Ne-waza

ÿ Osae-waza: Immobilization techniques,

required to subdue an opponent and
immobilize him without harming him.

ÿ Shime-waza: Choking techniques, used to suffocate and immobilize

an opponent.

ÿ Kansetsu-waza: Keying
techniques to the joints mainly
on the elbow, knee and hip.

Classification of Judo techniques

WASA TEA KOSHI WAZA

(Hand techniques) 16 (Hip Techniques) 11

• Morote-Seoi-Nage • Uki-Goshi
•
Ippon-Seoi-Nage • O-Goshi
• Tai-Otoshi • Koshi-Guruma
• Kata-Guruma • Sukui-Nage • Tsuri-Komi-Goshi
• Harai-Goshi
• Uki-Otoshi • Tsuri-Gohsi
• Sumi-Otoshi • Hane-Goshi
• Seoi-Otoshi • Utsuri-Goshi
• Yama-Arashi • Ushiro-Goshi
• Morote-Gari • Sode-Tsuri-Komi-Goshi
• Kuchiki-Taoshi •
Room-Ague
• Kibisu-Gaeshi
• Te-Guruma

• Uchi-Mata-Sukashi
• Uchi-Mata-Sukashi
• Ko-uchi-Gaeshi
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ASHI WAZA YOKO SUTEMI WAZA

(Foot Techniques) 21 (Side sacrifice techniques) 13

• De-Ashi-Harai •
• Yoko-Otoshi
Hiza-Guruma • • Tani-Otoshi
Sasae-Tsuri-Komi-Ashi • O-
• Hane-Makikomi •
Soto-Gari • O-Uchi-Gari •
Soto-Makikomi
Ko-Soto-Gari • Ko-Uchi-Gari • Uki-waza
• Okuri-Ashi-Harai • Uchi
• Yoko-Wakare •
-Mata
Yoko-Guruma •
Yoko-Gake • O-
Soto-Makikomi
• Ko-Soto-Gake • Harai-Makikomi
• Harai-Tsuri-Komi-Ashi • Kouchi-Makikomi
• O-Guruma • Uchi-Mata-Makikomi
• O-Soto-Guruma
• Daki-Wakare
• Ashi-Guruma
• O-Soto-Otoshi
• Tsubame-Gaeshi
• O-Soto-Gaeshi
• O-Uchi-Gaeshi
• Hane-Goshi-Gaeshi •
Harai-Goshi-Gaeshi •
Uchi-Mata Gaeshi

MA SUTEMI WAZA (Sacrificial Techniques) 5

• Tomoe-Nage. •
Sumi-Gaeshi • Ura-
Nague • Tawara-
Gaeshi • Hikikomi-
gaeshi (Obitori-Gaeshi)

OSAE WAZA KANSETSU WAZA

(Immobilization techniques) 5 (Locking techniques) 8

• Ude-Garami
• Kesa-Gatame • Juji-Gatame •
• Kata-Gatame Ude-Gatame
• Yoko-Shiho-Gatame • Hiza-Gatame
• Kami-Shiho-Gatame • • Waki-Gatame
Tate-Shiho-Gatame • + • Hara-Gatame
variaciones • Ashi-Gatame
• Te-Gatame

SHIME WAZA (Strangulation Techniques) 11

• Nami-Juji-Jime •
Gyaku-Juji-Jime •
Kata-Juji-Jime •
Hadaka-Jime • Okuri-
Eri-Jime • Kata-Ha-
Jime • Katate-Jime •
Ryote-Jime • Hasami-
Jime • Tsukkomi-
Jime • Sankaku-Jime
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Basic Judo Terminology

ARUKI KATA: Ways of walking
ASHI WAZA: Foot or leg techniques
ASHI: foot or leg
ATEMI WAZA: Hit Techniques
AYUMI ASHI: Forma habitual o natural de caminar
BUSHIDO: Martial Arts Code of Honor
AND: Grade
DOJO: practice room
ERI: Solapa
FUSEGUI KATA: Forms of defense
GARI: Harvest
GI: The uniform
GO KYU: 5 principles
GODAN: 5th Dan black belt
GURUMA: Rueda
HAJIME: The fight begins.
HARAI / BARAI: Barrido
HIDARI: Left JIGO HON
TAI: Defensive position JIGORO KANO:
Founder of judo (1860 – 1938)
JUDO: Path of softness or flexibility JUDOGI: Judo practice
suit JUDOKA: Judo practitioner KAESHI WAZA: Counter
attack techniques KAKE: Final action in the construction of a
technique KANSETSU WAZA: Locking techniques or "levers"

KATA: Formal exercises

KATAME / GATAME: Hold on the mat KATAME WAZA:
Control techniques KIAI: Shout / force KIHON: Fundamentals
of judo in Ne Waza: “swimming”, “shrimp”, turns, etc. KIME:
Finishing an execution with force KIOTSUKE: Attention!

KIRITZU: Standing / standing

KO: Small (a) or smaller size KODOKAN:
First judo dojo. Founder Jigoro Kano (Tokyo, Japan)
KOJAI: Subaltern
KOSHI / GOSHI: Hip KOSHI
WAZA: Hip techniques KUATSU KAPPO:
Resuscitation techniques
KUMI KATA: Forms of grip
KUZUSHI: Desequilibrio
KYOGI JUDO: Judo errado / equivocado
KYU: Clase
MAE MAWARI UKEMI: Fall forward rolling
MAE UKEMI: Fall forward / forward
MAITÁ: “Laughing at me”
MATTE: Pause / high
migi: right
MOKUSO: Meditation
NAGE: Projection
NAGE WAZA: Projection Techniques
NE WAZA: Techniques on the ground
O: Gran “great”
OBI: Belt
OSAE WAZA: Immobilization Techniques
REI'S OTAGANI: General regards
RANDORI: Free Combat
REI: Hello
RENRAKU WEAZA: Chaining Techniques
RENZOKU WAZA: Combination Techniques
RITSU REI: Saludo de pie
SEIZA: Kneel
SEMPAI: Assistant
SENSEI NI REI: Greetings to the classroom teacher
SENSEI: Maestro / instructor
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SHIAI: Competition
SHIHAN: Founding Master
SHIME WAZA: Strangulation Techniques
SHINPAN: Referee / judge
SHIZEI: Positions
SHIZEN HON TAI: Posición natural
SHOMEN NI REI: Saludo al Shihan (Jigoro Kano)
SODE: Manga
SOTO: Out
TACHI WAZA: Techniques in a standing or standing position
TAI SABAKI: Displacements
thai: body
TATAMI: Canvas where judo is practiced
TE WAZA: Hand or arm techniques
THE: Thousands

TOKUI WAZA: Favorite Technique

TORI: Person who practices the technique
TSUGI ASHI: Way of walking that consists of one foot not exceeding the other
TSUKURI: Preparation
UCHI KOMI: Replay Entries
UCHI: Adentro
UKE: Partner with whom it is practiced
UKEMI: Falls
USHIRO UKEMI: Fall backwards
WAZA: Technique
YOKO UKEMI: Caída de laso
YOKO: Side / side
ZA REI: Greeting on your knees

SHIAI TERMS “COMPETITION”

HAJIME: Start the fight

HANSOKU MAKE: Disqualification "for illegal technique"
HIKI WAKE: Announce the match
IPPON: Full point (win the match)
JIKAN: Time
KACHI: Triunfo
MATTE: High / hold
MAITÁ: “Laughing at me”
OSAEKOMI: Immobilization time begins
SODE MADE: Everything ended / the combat ended
SONO MAMA: Stay like this / don't move
TOKETA: The immobilization is broken
WAZA ARI: Half a point "two waza ari, make an IPPON"
YOSHI: Continue “used only after Sono Mama”

BELT RANGE NUMBERS

ROKYU: White (beginner) ICHI: Uno

GOKYU: Yellow NI: two
YONKYU: Orange SAINT: Three
SANKYU: Verde shi: four
NIKYU: Blue GO: Five
IKKYU: Marron ROKU: Seis
SHODAN: 1er negro SHICHI: Siete
NIDAN: 2do negro HACHI: Ocho
Sandan: 3 negro KU: Nine
YODAN: 4to negro JU: Ten
GODAN: 5to negro
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judo techniques

PROJECTIONS “NAGE WAZA”

O Goshi

Ippon Seoi Nage

Moote Seoi Nage

Kata Seoi Nage…

Eri Seoi Nage

Sode Tsuri Komi Goshi

Koshi Guruma

De Ashi Harai

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Sasae Tsuri Komi Ashi

Hiza Guruma

O Uchi Gari

Ko Uchi Gari

O Soto Gari

Ko Soto Gari

Ko Soto Gake

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Uki Goshi

Tai Otoshi

Harai Goshi

Hane Goshi

Uchi Mata

Okuri Ashi Harai

Seoi Otoshi

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Moote Gari

Kata Guruma

Tsuri Goshi

Obi Otoshi

Kuchiki Taoshi

Sukui Nage

Kani Basami

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O Guruma

O Soto Guruma

O Soto Otoshi

Sumi Otoshi

Uki Otoshi

Tsuri Komi Goshi

Harai Tsuri Komi Ashi

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Ushiro Goshi

Utsuri Goshi

Yama Arashi

Kibisu Gaeshi

Ashi Guruma

Te Guruma

Tani Otoshi (S)

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Uki Waza (S)

Sumi Gaeshi (S)

Tomoe Nage (S)

Ura Nage (S)

Yoko Guruma (S)

Yoko Otoshi (S)

Yoko Gake (S)

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Yoko Wakare (S)

Tawara Gaeshi (S)

Obitori Gaeshi (S)

Soto Makikomi

Hane Makikomi

Harai Makikomi

O Soto Makikomi

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Ko Uchi Makikomi

Uchi Mata Makikomi

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IMMOBILIZATIONS “ OSAE WAZA”

KESA GATAME

KATA GATAME

YOKO SHIHO
GATAME

KAMI SHIHO GATAME

TATE SHIHO GATAME

KUZURE KAMI
SHIHO GATAME

KUZURE TATE
SHIHO GATAME
2

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KUZURE YOKO
SHIHO GATAME

KUZURE KESA GATAME

MAKURA KESA 1 2

GATAME

USHIRO KESA GATAME

“ SHIME WAZA” CHOKES

NAMI JUJI JIME

GYAKU JUJI JIME

KATA JUJI JIME

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RYOTE JIME
(USHIRO JIME)

HADAKA JIME

KATA HA JIME

OKURI ERI JIME

HASAMI JIME

TSUKKOMI JIME

KATA TE JIME

SANKAKU JIME

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LUXACIONES “KANSETSU WAZA”

JUJI GATAME

Ude Garami

UDE GATAME

WAKI GATAME

HARA GATAME

HIZA GATAME

ASHI GATAME TE GATAME

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