DESIGN & FABRICATION OF HIGHWAY

MAGLEV SMART WIND MILL

A Project Report Submitted
in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
for the Degree of
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
in
Mechanical Engineering

by
ASGAR ALI (1616440035)
ANAS KHAN (1616440023)
DEVDEEP TRIPATHI (1616440039)
VIVEK KUMAR (1616440129)

Under the Supervision of

Mr. ARVIND KUMAR
Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology, Kanpur

to the
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering

DR. A. P. J. ABDUL KALAM TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY,

LUCKNOW
May, 2020

i
DESIGN & FABRICATION OF HIGHWAY
MAGLEV SMART WIND MILL
A Project Report Submitted
in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
for the Degree of
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
in
Mechanical Engineering

by
ASGAR ALI (1616440035)
ANAS KHAN (1616440023)
DEVDEEP TRIPATHI (1616440039)
VIVEK KUMAR (1616440129)

Under the Supervision of

Mr. ARVIND KUMAR
Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology, Kanpur

to the
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering

DR. A. P. J. ABDUL KALAM TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY,

LUCKNOW
May, 2020

ii
 CERTIFICATE
Certified that Asgar Ali(161644035), Anas Khan(1616440023), Devdeep
Tripathi(1616440039) & Vivek Kumar(1616440129) has carried out the research work
presented in this project entitled “Design & Fabrication of Highway Maglev Smart
Windmill” for the award of Bachelor of Technology from Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam Technical
University, Lucknow, under my supervision. The project embodies results of original work,
and studies are carried out by the student their self and the contents of the project do not form
the basis for the award of any other degree to the candidate or to anybody else from this or any
other University / Institution.

Signature Signature
(Mr. Arvind Kumar) (External Examiner)
(Assistant professor)
(Department of Mechanical Engineering)

Date:

iii
 ABSTRACT

This project is the implementation of Vertical Axis Wind Turbine to generate the electricity,
we have used the maglev technique for highest power generation with merits of conventional
VAWT. the merit of starting at low speed, higher efficiency, low noise etc. are also discussed
. this Maglev technique replaces the ball bearing by strong permanent magnets to reduce the
frictional losses. Using an effect wind turbine blades are placed on a rod for obtaining
stability during rotation. Power is generated by using an axial flux generator, which has
incorporated the utilization of permanent magnets and a set of coils. The selection of magnet
materials within the design of turbine system are going to be discussed. A model of turbine is
made to perform several tests like starting wind speed, rotational speed at constant wind
speed and time taken to prevent rotation completely. The results obtained will be compared
with the model of conventional wind turbine. Power will then be generated with an axial flux
generator, which includes the utilization of permanent magnets and a group of coils. This
project also incorporated the solar panel, sensors & IOT and both wind power and solar
power as well as sensors are IOT enabled.
Keywords: Renewable Energy, Magnetic Levitation, Wind Energy, Solar Energy, Sensors &
IOT.

iv
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
It gives us a great sense of pleasure to present the report of the B. Tech Project undertaken
during B. Tech. Final Year. We owe special debt of gratitude to Arvind Kumar, Assistant
Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology,
Kanpur for his constant support and guidance throughout the course of our work. His
sincerity, thoroughness and perseverance have been a constant source of inspiration for us. It
is only his cognizant efforts that our endeavors have seen light of the day.

We also take the opportunity to acknowledge the contribution of Professor Nitin Srivastava,
Head of Department, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pranveer Singh Institute of
Technology, Kanpur, for his full support and assistance during the development of the project.

We also do not like to miss the opportunity to acknowledge the contribution of all faculty
members of the department for their kind assistance and cooperation during the development
of our project. Last but not the least; we acknowledge our family & friends for their
contribution in the completion of the project.

Signature: Signature:
Name: Asgar Ali Name: Anas Khan
Roll No.: 1616440035 Roll No.: 1616440023
Date: Date:

Signature: Signature:
Name: Devdeep Tripathi Name: Vivek Kumar
Roll No.: 1616440039 Roll No.: 1616440129
Date: Date:

v
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

CERTIFICATE ................................................................................................................ii
ABSTRACT .....................................................................................................................iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .............................................................................................. iv
LIST OF CONTENTS ................................................................................................... v-vi
LIST OF TABLES .......................................................................................................... vii
LIST OF FIGURE .......................................................................................................... viii
LIST OF NOMENCLATURE ........................................................................................ ix

Chapter-1 Introduction ........................................................................................................ 11

Overview ....................................................................................................................... 12

Wind power ................................................................................................................... 12

Types of Wind Turbine ............................................................................................ 12-14

Operation of Wind Turbine .......................................................................................... 15

Project Motivation........................................................................................................15

Problem Statements......................................................................................................16

Chapter-2 LITERATURE REVIEW ................................................................................ 17

Conclusions drawn from the Literature ....................................................................... 18

Gap Observed .............................................................................................................. 18

Chapter-3 DESIGN ............................................................................................................ 19

Input parameter ............................................................................................................ 20

Formulae used for power calculation ........................................................................... 20

Design parameter ......................................................................................................... 20

Cad design .................................................................................................................... 21

Circuit Diagram .............................................................................................................22

Chapter-4 FABRICATION .............................................................................................. 23

Magnet Selection.......................................................................................................... 23

Magnet Placement ....................................................................................................... 24

Coil Design and Arrangement .................................................................................... 25

vi
 Blade Design .............................................................................................................. 26

Final prototype ........................................................................................................... 27

Chapter-5 TESTING AND ANALYSIS ...................................................................... 28

5.1 CFD simulation of maglev VAWT using FEA ....................................................... 28-29
Chapter-6 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS .................................................................... 30
Chapter-7 CONCLUSION ................................................................................................. 33
Chapter-8 FUTURE SCOPE ............................................................................................. 34
REFERENCES .................................................................................................................... 37

vii
 LIST OF TABLE

Description Page No

Tabl2.1: Literature review 17

Table 4.1 parts 23

Table 6.1: Starting speed of wind in wind turbine model 31

Table 6.2: Rotational speed of wind turbines at constant wind speed 31

Table 6.3: Time taken by the wind turbine model to stop rotation 26

viii
 LIST OF FIGURE

Description Page No

Figure1.1: Global annual installed wind capacity 1996-2013 12

Figure1.2: Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine 13

Figure1.3: Darrieus Vertical Axis Wind Turbine 14

Figure1.4: Savonius vertical axis wind turbine 14

Figure3.1: Neodymium magnet 19

Figure 3.3 CAD design 21

Figure 3.4 Circuit diagram 22

Figure4.1: System diagram 23

Figure4.2: Neodymium magnet 23

Figure4.3: B-H curve of different magnet 24

Figure4.4: Magnet placement of NdFeB magnet 25

Figure4.5: Magnet placement of disc magnet on rotor 26

Figure4.6: Coil & design 26

Figure4.7: Coil & arrangement 26

Figure 4.8 Final Prototype 27

Fig : 5.1 Manual Testing 28

ix
Figure 5. Sine Wave from DSO 32

Fig: 8.1 Domestic wind turbine 34

Fig: 8.2 commercial wind turbine 34

Fig: 8.3 Boat wind mill 35

Fig: 8.4 beach hut wind turbine 35

Fig: 8.5 comparisons 36

x
 NOMENCLATURE

m - Mass.

V – Velocity.

ρ – Density of air.

A - Projected area of wind turbine.

Nd-Fe-B - Neodymium Iron Boron.

MW - Mega watts.

GW – Giga watts.

B-H – Flux density – magnetic force

xi
 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

Overview
Renewable energy is generally electricity supplied from sources, such as wind power,
solar power, geothermal energy, hydropower and various forms of biomass. These
sources have been coined renewable due to their continuous replenishment and
availability for use over and over again. The popularity of renewable energy has
experienced a significant upsurge in recent times due to the exhaustion of conventional
power generation methods and increasing realization of its adverse effects on the
environment. This popularity has been bolstered by cutting edge research and ground
breaking technology that has been introduced so far to aid in the effective tapping of these
natural resources and it is estimated that renewable sources might contribute about
20% – 50% to energy consumption in the latter part of the 21st century. Facts from the
World Wind Energy Association estimates that by 2010, 160GW of wind power capacity
is expected to be installed worldwide which implies an anticipated net growth rate of more
than 21% per year. This project focuses on the utilization of wind energy as a renewable
source. In the United States alone, wind capacity has grown about 45% to 16.7GW and it
continues to grow with the facilitation of new wind projects. The aim of this major
qualifying project is to design and implement a magnetically levitated vertical axis wind
turbine system that has the ability to operate in both high and low wind speed conditions.
Our choice for this model is to showcase its efficiency in varying wind conditions as
compared to the traditional horizontal axis wind turbine and contribute to its steady
growing popularity for the purpose of mass utilization in the near future as a reliable
source of power generation. Unlike the traditional horizontal axis wind turbine, this
design is levitated via maglev (magnetic levitation) vertically on a rotor shaft. This
maglev technology, which will be looked at in great detail, serves as an efficient
replacement for ball bearings used on the conventional wind turbine and is usually
implemented with permanent magnets. This levitation will be used between the rotating
shaft of the turbine blades and the base of the whole wind turbine system. The conceptual
design also entails the usage of spiral shaped blades and with continuing effective
research into the functioning of sails in varying wind speeds and other factors, an efficient
shape and size will be determined for a suitable turbine blade for the project. With the
appropriate mechanisms in place, we expect to harness enough as of the end of 2016, the
worldwide total cumulative installed electricity generation capacity from wind power
amounted to 486,790 MW, an increase of 12.5% compared to the previous year.
Installations increased by 54,642 MW, 63,330 MW, 51,675 MW and 36,023 MW in 2016,
2015, 2014 and 2013 respectively.

Since 2010 more than half of all new wind power was added outside the traditional
markets of Europe and North America, mainly driven by the continuing boom in China
and India. At the end of 2015, China had 145 GW of wind power installed. In 2015, China

11
installed close to half the world's added wind power capacity. Several countries have
achieved relatively high levels of wind power penetration, such as 39% of stationary
electricity production in Denmark18% in Portugal, 16% in Spain, 14% in Ireland and 9%
in Germany in 2010. As of 2011, 83 countries around the world are using wind power on
a commercial basis. Wind power's share of worldwide electricity usage at the end of 2014
was 3.1%.

Fig.1.1
Wind Power Technology

Renewable energy is generally electricity supplied from sources, such as wind power,
solar power, geothermal energy, hydropower and various forms of biomass. These sources
have been coined renewable due to their continuous replenishment and availability for use
over and over again. The popularity of renewable energy has experienced a significant
upsurge in recent times due to the exhaustion of conventional power generation methods
and increasing realization of its adverse effects on the environment. It is estimated that
renewable sources might contribute about 20%-50% to energy consumption in the later
part of the 21st century. Facts from the World Wind Energy Association estimates that by
2010, 160GW of wind power capacity is expected to be installed world-wide which
implies an anticipated net growth rate of more than 21% per year. Maglev wind turbines
have several advantages over conventional wind turbines.

Types of Wind Turbine

Wind Turbines are divided into two classes: horizontal axis wind turbine (HAWTs) and
vertical axis wind turbines (VAWTs).

12
 Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines

Fig -1.2: Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine

Horizontal axis wind turbine can be visualized as conventional box fan, a set of blades
connected to a shaft that is parallel to the ground; however, function of turbine is the
opposite of a box fan. It normally consists of two to three blades connected to a shaft that
is connected to a generator which will produce energy from shaft work. There are two
main types of HAWTs, ones that face into wind and ones that face away from wind.
Turbines that face into wind require a rudder or some other type of mechanism to be able
to self-orientate to face incoming wind. Those that face away from the wind do not need
this rudder to self-orientate, however they suffer from a vibration due to support tower
blocking part of wind flow

Vertical Axis Wind Turbines

Vertical axis wind turbines operate on same principle of converting rotational movement
due to wind into shaft work, which is then converted into electricity through the use of a
generator. VAWTs contain a shaft that is perpendicular to ground. Unlike the HAWTs,
the VAWTs can catch the wind regardless of the position that they are facing, which can
lead to them being more versatile. Also, VAWTs are able to function in more irregular
wind patterns than HAWTs are able to. There are two primary blade designs that are used
for VAWTs that operate on different principles: the Savonius type and the Darrieus type.

13
I. Savonius Turbine Type

Fig -1.3: Savonius Vertical Axis Wind Turbine

Finnish engineer Sigurd Savonius invented the Savonius model. Savonius type blade
design uses aerodynamic drag from wind to rotate the blades and produce power.
Savonius type blades are rugged and simplistic. This can reduce costs since they are easier
to manufacture, needless maintenance, and can last longer in harsher environments.
However, they are roughly half as efficient as other lift type such as the Darrieus designs.

II. Darrieus Turbine Type

Fig -1.4: Darrieus Vertical Axis Wind Turbine

14
French aeronautical engineer, Georges Darrieus invented this turbine. Darrieus type
blades use lift forces from wind to rotate the blades. The blades have an airfoil shape, and
instead of being oriented horizontally as they would be on an airplane, they are oriented
vertically. The air that travels along the outside of the curve must travel at a greater speed
than the air on the inside of the blade. This creates an area of lower pressure on the outside
of the blade, and therefore a net force on the blade to the outside.

Operation of Wind Turbine

A wind turbine basically draws the kinetic energy from the wind and converts this power
to electrical energy by means of a generator. Its operability is dependent on key
components of the tur-bine and its response to the wind based on how it is built. Figure
2.5 shows an illustration of a conventional wind turbine and its parts. With this turbine,
the blades receive the wind and are caused to lift and rotate. Depending on the wind
speed the controller will start up or shut off the turbine. If wind speeds are right between
8 to 16 miles per hour, the turbine would start to operate but will shut down if speeds
exceed about 55 miles per hour. This is a preventative measure because at very high
winds the turbine could be damaged. The anemometer on the turbine calculates this wind
speed and sends the information to the controller.
Project Motivation

The purpose of this project was to create frictionless bearings and a magnetic levitation
design of windmills which is the issue in conventional wind turbines. It also requires little
if any maintenance. Maglev wind turbines have several advantages over conventional
wind turbines. For instance, they’re able to use winds with starting speeds as low as 1.5
meters per second (m/s). Also, they could operate in winds exceeding 40 m/s. It would
also increase generation capacity by 20% over conventional wind turbines and decrease
operational costs by 50%. This makes the efficiency of the system higher than
conventional wind turbine. Currently, the largest conventional wind turbines in the world
produce only five megawatts of power. However, one large maglev wind turbine could
generate one GW of clean power, enough to supply energy to 75,000 homes. The turbine
uses permanent type of rare earth magnets (neodymium) instead of electro-magnets and
therefore it doesn’t require electricity to run. The friction between the turbine blades and
the base can maximum power output. In selecting the vertical axis concept for the wind
turbine that is implemented as the power generation portion of this project, certain
uniqueness corresponded to it that did not pertain to the other wind turbine designs. The
characteristic that set this wind generator apart from the others is that it is fully supported
and rotates about a vertical axis. This axis is vertically oriented through the center of the
wind sails, which allows for a different type of rotational support rather than the
conventional ball bearing system found in horizontal wind turbines. This support is called
maglev, which is based on magnetic levitation. Maglev offers a near frictionless substitute
for ball bearings with little to no maintenance. These winds are usually found along shore
lines, mountain tops, valleys and open plains. This type of wind is not conducive for
effective power generation; it only has a lot of worth when it accompanies moving

15
planetary winds. In later chapters, more focus will be placed on the power of wind and
effective ways to design wind turbines for optimal wind power production.

The latter is the most dominant and it is usually a major factor in deciding sites
for very effective wind turbines especially with the horizontal axis types.
Undoubtedly, the project’s ability to function is solely dependent on the power of
wind and its availability. With wind turbines, two categories of winds are relevant
to their applications, namely local winds and planetary winds.

• 1.6 Problem Statements

• We know, there is energy on the Highways in the form of wind, created by

moving vehicle which is being wasted.

• On highways we could get roughly 10m/s.

• There are two main problem

1. less space on highways

2. less wind speed on highways

• It is being found, there is lot of focus on design of turbine blade but less focus on
eliminating the contact friction.

• Conventional wind turbines require 30km/h wind speed to operate.

• To create new opportunities on Highways, with starting speed as low as 1.5m/s.

• By use of Magnetic levitation we reduces the friction & eliminates need of

bearings in wind mill.

16
 CHAPTER 2

Literature Review

S.N. Title Name of Doi / ISBN Number Year Ref.

Journal/patent Number

1 A new- International Jan,2016/2321-9653 2016 _

fangled Journal for research
highway wind in Applied Science
power & Engineering
generation Technology
(IJRASET)

2 Highway International Nov5,2013/2249- 2013 _

Wind Turbine Journal of 0019
Mechanical
Engineering and
Research

3 Regenedyne SARC-IRAJ 16th June 2013/978- 2013 _

Maglev Wind International 8192747-8-3
Power Conference
Generation

4 Power International 03march,2018/2395- 2018 _

Generation on Research Journal of 0065
Highway by Engineering and
using Vertical Technology
Axis Wind (IRJET)
Turbine &
Solar System

Table 2.1

Example of [1] wind patterns produced by vehicles on both sides of the highway. Using
the collected data, a wind turbine is designed to be placed on the medians of the highway.
Example of [2] Vertical axis wind turbine can be installed on the median of the roads so
that the wind from both sides of the median will act tangentially in opposite direction on
both sides of the turbine thereby increasing effective wind speed acting on the turbine.
17
Highways can provide a required considerable amount of wind to drive a turbine due to
high vehicle traffic. This energy is unused. Extensive research on wind patterns is required
to determine the average velocity of the wind created by oncoming vehicles. From Example
of [3] &[4] Magnetic levitation, maglev, or magnetic suspension is a method by which an
object is suspended with no support other than magnetic fields. The principal advantage of
a maglev windmill from a conventional one is, as the rotor is floating in the air due to
levitation, mechanical friction is eliminated. For instance, they are able to use winds with
starting speeds as low as 1.5 meters per second (m/s). In addition, they could operate in
winds exceeding 40 m/s.

Conclusions drawn from the Literature

This system is environmental friendly. With the help of magnetic levitation, we are capable
of rotating the turbine at very low wind speed. The working model of our project is
combined energy source with solar system and vertical axis wind turbine system. It is a
good and effective solution for power generation, this system involves the combination of
two-energy system, suppose anyone source fails to generate another source will keep
generating the electricity and will give the continuous power to the load.

Gap Observed

 Since the wind, energy is limited on the highway so blade design need to be
revised with recent development in blade design.

 Due to incorporation of magnetic levitation, some jiggling effect can be

observed.

 This project can be more effective if is scaled up.

18
 CHAPTER 3

DESIGN

 MAGNET SELECTION - Neodymium Iron Boron (Nd-Fe-B) is the new

invention in commercialized magnets which constitute highest magnetic properties
compared to other magnets at room temperature.

 COIL & BASE DESIGN- The wire used to design the turns of one coil is of 42
gauge having 1500 turns. 5 sets of coils are arranged in series connection in the
prototype.

 BLADE DESIGN - Drag type blade design is used because they are rugged and
simplistic reducing cost. The manufacture is easier, less maintenance, and durable
in harsher environments. This design was obtained from aluminum sheet and due
to the flexible nature of the metal sheet, desired shape was obtained.

Fig 3.1 Neodymium magnet Fig 3.2 Coil arrangement

19
INPUT PARAMETER-

 Dia. of base (D)= 0.3m

 Avg. velocity(V) = 6m/s

 height of wind turbine(H) = 0.5m

 Height of windmill from base=0.7m

 Solar panel = 5 watt.

FORMULAE USED FOR POWER CALCULATION –

 K.E. = 1/2Mv2

 M= ρAV A= swept area of turbine

 K.E.=1/2ρAV3 ρ= density of air(1.225kg/m3)

 Power of Turbine(P)= 1/2ρAV3*Cp

Cp= Ratio of mechanical turbine power to wind power (0.593)

DESIGN PARAMETER

 Swept Area of Turbine (A) = 0.15m2.

 Power of Turbine (P) = 11.76 watt.

 Power from solar = 5 watt.

 Total power= 16.76 watt.

20
CAD DESIGN

Fig 3.3

21
 Circuit Diagram

Fig 3.4 Circuit Diagram

In this project we’ve used employed the maglev wind turbine which is VAWT after this
we have arranged the coil placement for generation of the electrical power and for
converting into it in DC we have employed AC-DC conversion mechanism. We’ve chosen
this project because Maglev wind turbines have several advantages over conventional wind
turbines. For instance, they’re able to use winds with starting speeds as low as 1.5 meter
per second (m/s). Also, they could operate in winds exceeding 40 m/s. currently the largest
conventional wind turbines in the world produce only five megawatts of power. However,
one large maglev wind turbine could generate one GW of clean power, enough to supply
energy to 750,000 homes.

22
 CHAPTER 4

FABRICATION

SL. PARTS DIA(mm) HIEGHT(mm) THICKNESS(mm) MATERIALS

NO.

1 Base stator 300 - 15 Plywood

2 Shaft 50 700 - Steel

3 Turbine blade - 500 2 GI sheet

4 Magnet on shaft 75 - 12 Neodymium

5 Magnet on base 30 - 5 Neodymium

stator & rotor

Table 4.1 parts

Fig: 4.1 System diagram Fig: 4.2 neodymium magnets

Magnet Selection

The four configurations in commercial list of magnets are based on formation of their
material each configuration of magnet consisting with them its own magnetic properties.
Neodymium Iron Boron (Nd-Fe-B) is the new invention in commercialized magnets
which constitute highest magnetic properties compared to other magnets at room
temperature

23
From Figure-5 B-H curve depicts attractive magnetic characteristic of Nd-Fe-B offering
high flux density with the ability of resisting the property of demagnetization.

Fig -4.3: B-H Curve of different Magnets

This configuration becomes most important because of levitation of heavy load and
rotation at high speeds exhibiting a high force directing downward on the axis. If shape
of magnets considered where ring or circular, they can be placed on shaft with same poles
facing each other enabling repelling force to provide support to weight of turbine which
minimizes use of magnets required to fulfill the idea. The permanent magnets selected
were the N42 grade Nd-FeB having ring shape which consist of nickel plating for
strengthening and protecting the magnet.

Magnet Placement

Two ring shaped neodymium (NdFeB) magnets are arranged at middle of shaft by which
necessary suspension between stator and rotor is obtained. Similarly, disc magnets having
parameters 10 mm in diameter and 4 mm height are placed as one North Pole and one
South Pole one after the other, along the rotor circumference of 40 cm diameter. These
magnets supply the useful flux which is utilized for the power generation.

24
 Fig -4.4: Magnet Placement of NdFeB Magnets

Fig -4.5: Magnet Placement of Disc Magnets on rotor

Coil Design and Arrangement

To design the definite number of turns per coil is difficult. If the more turns are wound it
increases the emf generated from each coil but increase the size of every coil. For
minimizing the size, wire having higher gauge can be used. If the diameter of wire is
small, low amount of current flows leading to heating of wire because of the increased
resistance of wire which another difficult task.
While designing generator for given application, fact must be known that the problem
attached with large coil size is the problem field density. The increase in coil height

25
increases gap between two magnets leading to reduction in magnetic flux. Hence
necessary voltage and current must be balanced.

Fig -4.6: Coil and Design

The Coil placement is organized on the stator circumference exactly under the disc
magnets placed on rotor. Each coil is kept in series to get maximum output voltage.

The wire used to design the turns of one coil is of 24 gauge having 100 turns. 15 sets of
coils are arranged in series connection in the prototype. The coil arrangement is shown
in figure.

Fig -4.7: Coil Arrangement

Blade Design

Savonius type blade design is used because they are rugged and simplistic reducing cost.
The manufacture is easier, less maintenance, and durable in harsher environments. This
design was obtained from aluminum sheet and due to the flexible nature of the metal
sheet, desired shape was obtained. The blade was designed for height of 400mm.

26
Final prototype

Fig 4.8

27
 CHAPTER 5

TESTING AND ANALYSIS

For testing and analysis we have taken number of sample for results and shown in the form of Table and
Graph.

S.NO. TURBINE SPEED POWER BY TURBINE POWER BY SOLAR TOTAL POWER (W)
(m/s) (W) PANEL (W)

1 2 5 3.5 8.5

2 3 10.2 4.0 14.2

3 5 11.5 4.0 15.5

4 7 13.0 4.5 17.5

5 8 13.8 5.0 18.8

Fig no. 5.1 Manual graph of Testing

28
 CHAPTER 6

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

Actual Results
 Power of Turbine (P) = 11.76 watt.

 Power from solar = 5 watt.

 Total power= 16.76 watt.

Theoretical comparative results

Wind Turbine Model Wind starting speed (m/s) Average (m/s)

Maglev 1.3 1.5 1.6 1.4 1.45

Conventional 4.3 4.5 4.7 4.4 4.475

Table 6.1 Starting wind speed of wind turbine model

Wind Turbine
Model Rotational Speed(RPM) Average(RPM)

Maglev 62 65 64 66 64.25

Conventional 23 27 26 29 26.25

TABLE 6.2 ROTATIONAL SPEED OF WIND TURBINE MODEL AT CONSTANT WIND SPEED
29
Wind Turbine Model Time Taken Average (s)

Maglev 19 14 18 13 16

Conventional 1.8 1.5 1.6 1.4 1.57

TABLE 6.3 TIME TAKEN BY WIND TURBINE MODEL TO STOP ROTATION

Experimental results
To find output of wind turbine, generator was connected to multimeter were readings
observed was .49 mA. Generator output was connected to a rechargeable battery when
sufficient voltage is available, it starts charging battery while there is no load acting. LED
bulb of 5 watt was connected with inverter circuit, when battery is removed from
charging.
In the DSO we got a sine wave. Output voltage obtained from the prototype is measured
using a multimeter. A bridge rectifier is used for converting the AC to DC and we got an
output of 30V. A LED load of 4W is connected to the turbine and current is measured to
be 0.25Amps.

Fig.6.1 Sine wave from DSO

30
 CHAPTER 7

CONCLUSION

The concept of vertical axis wind turbine using magnetic levitation successfully worked.
Comparing with traditional horizontal wind turbines, single Maglev turbine having large
capacity gives more output. The turbine efficiency is improved by utilization of magnets
helping to spin with fast speed with negligible friction as it cancels out the stress on the
shaft of the turbine. This modern design of turbine gives more power output with higher
efficiency compared to conventional wind turbine. For avoiding the vibration of the rotor,
shaft was used.

From the above mention design we say that it is possible & feasible to install it on the
highways. From the fabrication part we can say it is relatively easy to manufacture with
less cost. Maglev Wind power generator represent very promising future for power
generation. It will require lower wind velocity for start-up and they show better
performance at lower wind velocities.

31
 CHAPTER 8

FUTURE SCOPE
The demand for electric power from regional power grids is not constant, but varies
substantially with time. Typically, power demand is low during the night time, increasing
substantially during the day. Most of the time, electrical grids experience two distinct
peak demand periods, the first in the morning and the second in the afternoon. It would
be expensive and technically difficult to have coal and nuclear power plants go up and
down in power output to meet the fluctuating load demand. The cost of wind generation
of electricity using maglev technology is once seen as prohibitive, but is now becoming
more competitive. Wind energy can be used to generate electrical power that could be
stored for introduction into the power grid as needed. It thus would be desirable to provide
a new energy storage technology that can provide a low cost, near term method of storing
large amounts of electrical energy and delivering it rapidly and in the amounts needed to
the grid. 70 million households in China lack access to electricity, with most of them
living in areas unconnected to power grids. The widely scattered nature of rural localities
makes it difficult to supply grid-based power to these areas. The use of the full-permanent
Maglev generator could potentially fill the power void in these locations by harnessing
low-speed wind resources. The technology is expected to create new opportunities in low-
wind-speed areas worldwide such as mountain regions, islands, observatories and
television transfer stations. In addition, the Maglev generator will be able to provide
roadside lighting along highways by utilizing the airflow generated from vehicles passing
by.

Fig: 8.1 Domestic wind turbine Fig: 8.2 commercial wind turbine

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 Fig: 8.3 Boat wind mill Fig:8.4 beach hut wind turbine

The home for the magnetically levitated vertical axis wind turbine would be in residential
areas. Here it can be mounted to a roof and be very efficient and practical. A homeowner
would be able to extract free clean energy thus experiencing a reduction in their utility
cost and contribute to the “Green Energy” awareness that is increasingly gaining
popularity. The maglev windmill can be designed for using in a moderate scale power
generation ranging from 400 Watts to 1 KW. In addition, it is suitable for integrating with
the hybrid power generation units consisting of solar and other natural resources.

Maglev wind turbines have several advantages over conventional wind turbines. For
instance, they are able to use winds with starting speeds as low as 1.5 meters per second
(m/s). In addition, they could operate in winds exceeding 40 m/s. currently; the largest
conventional wind turbines in the world produce only five megawatts of power. However,
one large maglev wind turbine could generate one gigawatt of clean power, enough to
supply energy to 750,000 homes. It would also increase generation capacity by 20% over
conventional wind turbines and decrease operational costs by 50%. If that is not enough,
the maglev wind turbines will be operational for about 500 years!

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Fig: 8.5 comparisons

34
 REFERENCES

[1] Dinesh N Nagarkarand Dr. Z. J. Khan,”Wind Power Plant Using Magnetic Levitation
Wind Turbine”, International-Journal of Engineering and Innovative Technology
(IJEIT) Volume 3, Issue1, July 2013.

[2] Liu Shuqin,”Magnetic Suspension and Self-pitch for Vertical-axis Wind Turbines”,
ISBN:http://www.intechopen.com/books/fundamental-andadvanced-topics-in-
windpower/magnetic-suspensionand-self-pitch-for-vertical-axis-wind-turbines.2011.

[3] MagLev Wind Turbine Technologies, Inc. (MWTT) & Off Grid Technologies, Inc.
(OGT),” Vertical Axis Wind Turbine 200 Mega Watt off Shore Wind Farm (VAWT Off
Shore JV)-City of Evanston, Illinois Lake Michigan Project”.

[4] M. A. Mueller and A. S. McDonald, A lightweight low speed permanent magnet

electrical generator for direct-drive wind turbines”, Institute for Energy Systems,
Institute for Energy Systems, Edinburgh University, Edinburgh University,
Edinburgh, UK.

[5] Vishal D Dhareppgoal and Maheshwari M Konagutti,” REGENEDYNE Maglev

Wind Power Generation”, SARC-IRAJ International Conference, 16th June 2013,
Pune, India, ISBN: 978-81-92747-8

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 PLAGIARISM SCAN REPORT

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This project is the implementation of Vertical Axis Wind Turbine to generate the electricity, we have used the maglev
technique for highest power generation with merits of conventional VAWT. the merit of starting at low speed , higher
efficiency, low noise etc. are also discussed . this Maglev technique replaces the ball bearing by strong permanent magnets to
reduce the frictional losses. Using an effect wind turbine blades are placed on a rod for obtaining stability during rotation.
Power is generated by using an axial flux generator, which has incorporated the utilization of permanent magnets and a set of
coils. The selection of magnet materials within the design of turbine system are going to be discussed. A model of turbine is
made to perform several tests like starting wind speed, rotational speed at constant wind speed and time taken to prevent
rotation completely. The results obtained will be compared with the model of conventional wind turbine. Power will then be
generated with an axial flux generator, which includes the utilization of permanent magnets and a group of coils. This project
also incorporated the solar panel, sensors & IOT and both wind power and solar power as well as sensors are IOT enabled.
Keywords: Renewable Energy, Magnetic Levitation, Wind Energy, Solar Energy, Sensors & IOT.

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