1

1 Enzymes are proteins.

Circle the elements that all enzymes contain.

calcium carbon hydrogen iodine

iron magnesium nitrogen oxygen [2]

[Total: 2]

2 Protein can be broken down into amino acids.

List four chemical elements that are always found in protein.

1 ...............................................................................................................................................

2 ...............................................................................................................................................

3 ...............................................................................................................................................

4 ............................................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 2]

3 The diagram is of DNA.

(a) (i) State the letter of the base that pairs with A.

................................................................................................................................ [1]

(ii) State the letters of the other bases in DNA.

................................................................................................................................ [1]
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[Total: 2]

4 The diagram shows part of a DNA molecule from a chromosome of a cat.

Complete the diagram by writing the letters for the base sequence of the other strand of the DNA
molecule.

[1]

[Total: 1]
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5 Dialysis tubing is an artificial membrane, which is similar to the lining of the intestine.

A student investigated the diffusion of glucose through dialysis tubing by using the apparatus shown
in the diagram.

The student took samples of the water outside the dialysis tubing at 5 minute intervals and tested
the samples with Benedict’s solution.

The results are shown in the table.

results of the Benedict’s tests on the water outside

time / minutes
the dialysis tubing

0 blue

5 green

10 yellow

15 red

The student repeated the investigation with a higher concentration of glucose in the dialysis tubing.

Predict the results that the student would observe.

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 1]
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6 Dialysis tubing is an artificial membrane, which is similar to the lining of the intestine.

A student investigated the diffusion of glucose through dialysis tubing by using the apparatus shown
in the diagram.

The student took samples of the water outside the dialysis tubing at 5 minute intervals and tested
the samples with Benedict’s solution. The results are shown in the table.
results of the Benedict’s tests on the water outside
time / minutes
the dialysis tubing

0 blue

5 green

10 yellow

15 red

Describe and explain the results shown in the table.

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [3]

[Total: 3]
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7 Dialysis tubing is an artificial membrane, which is similar to the lining of the intestine.

A student investigated the diffusion of glucose through dialysis tubing by using the apparatus shown
in the diagram.

The student took samples of the water outside the dialysis tubing at 5 minute intervals and tested
the samples with Benedict’s solution. The results are shown in the table.
results of the Benedict’s tests on the water outside
time / minutes
the dialysis tubing

0 blue

5 green

10 yellow

15 red

Describe and explain the results shown in the table.

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [3]

[Total: 3]
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8 Nervous coordination uses specialised cells called neurones.

The diagram shows three neurones.

Some neurones are wrapped in a layer of fat and protein.

List four chemical elements that are found in all proteins.

1 ...............................................................................................................................................

2 ...............................................................................................................................................

3 ...............................................................................................................................................

4 ............................................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 2]

9 Water is an important substance for plants.

Describe two uses of water in plants.

1 ...............................................................................................................................................

2 ............................................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 2]
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10 Proteins are large molecules.

The boxes on the left show the names of some large molecules.

The boxes on the right show the smaller molecules they are made from.

Draw four lines to match the large molecule with the smaller molecule it is made from.

large molecule smaller molecule

cellulose

amino acids

fat

fatty acids and glycerol

glycogen and starch

glucose

protein

[4]

[Total: 4]

11 The diagram shows a molecule of fat.

(a) List the chemical elements present in fat.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]
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(b) State the smaller units that fats are made from.

........................................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 3]

12 Phloem is used to transport sucrose and amino acids in plants. Sucrose is a carbohydrate.

Describe the uses of carbohydrates and amino acids in plants.

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [4]

[Total: 4]

13 Enzymes are proteins.

State the chemical elements that enzymes are made from.

.................................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 2]
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14 This question is about biological molecules.

Choose words or phrases from the list to complete the sentences.

Each word or phrase may be used once, more than once, or not at all.

calcium carbon carbon dioxide carbohydrate

cellulose chloroplasts fat glycerol

glycogen iron methane nitrogen

oxygen protein starch

Fats are composed of the elements .............................................. , hydrogen and

.............................................. only. All proteins contain these three elements and the

element ............................................. .

Glucose is a type of ............................................... .

Animals store excess glucose as .............................................. in the liver.

Plants store excess glucose as .............................................. . Plants also convert glucose

to .............................................. which is used to make cell walls. [7]

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[Total: 7]

15 Water is a very important molecule for all living organisms.

State one property of water that makes it useful to animals and plants.

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 1]

16 Substances that are absorbed from the alimentary canal may enter cells and become part of the
cells.

State the storage carbohydrate made from glucose in liver cells.

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 1]
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17 This question is about enzymes.

Choose words from the list to complete the sentences.

Each word may be used once, more than once, or not at all.

amino acids amylase bacteria biological

fatty acids glucose humidity lipase

living protease salivary temperature

All enzymes are proteins. Proteins are made of ............................................... .

An enzyme acts as a ............................................... catalyst.

In order to work rapidly, enzymes need the correct ............................................... and pH.

An example of an enzyme that works in the acidic conditions in the stomach is

............................................... .

Acidic conditions will kill many of the ............................................... present in food.

Salivary ............................................... stops working in acidic conditions.

Fats are broken down by ............................................... .

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[7]

[Total: 7]

18 The diagram shows a protease molecule catalysing the break down of a protein molecule.

What are the parts labelled P, Q, R and S?

enzyme product substrate active site

A P Q R S
B R S P Q
C S P Q R
D S R Q P

[1]

[Total: 1]
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19 The table shows the results of some food tests.

Which row shows a food containing both protein and starch?

Benedict’s iodine
biuret test ethanol
solution solution

A blue blue clear blue-black

B blue purple clear blue-black
C red blue cloudy brown
D red purple cloudy brown

[1]

[Total: 1]

20 Which diagram shows the structure of DNA?

A B C D

A C A T A C A G
A C A T A C A T

T G T A T G T G
C A C G C A C G
G T G C G T G C
A C A T A C C T

G T G C G T G C

[1]

[Total: 1]

21 List the three chemical elements that are found in fats.

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 1]
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22 Starch is broken down into reducing sugars in the alimentary canal. The digested products are
absorbed into the blood.

Some students investigated the action of enzymes on the digestion of starch.

Describe how you would carry out a test for starch.

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 2]

23 In an investigation, students kept unripe bananas at room temperature for eight days.

They studied some of the changes during ripening.

Each day the students took one banana and:

• observed the colour of the banana skin;

• removed a sample of the flesh tissue and estimated the reducing sugar content.

The table below shows the students' results.

time / days change during ripening

reducing sugar content /

skin colour
%

1 green 5

2 green and yellow 12

3 mostly yellow 18

4 all yellow 25

5 all yellow 30

6 yellow, some brown 29

7 yellow and brown 30

8 mostly brown 30

(a) (i) Suggest on which day the bananas became ripe. State one reason for your answer.

day..........................................................................................................................

reason....................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................ [2]
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(ii) The reducing content increased as the banana ripenend.

Calculate how many times greater was the sugar content on day 5 compared with day
1.

Show your working.

........................... [2]

(iii) Suggest the source of the reducing sugar.

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................ [1]

[Total: 5]

24 Describe how you would safely carry out a test for reducing sugars.

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [3]

[Total: 3]

25 Some students collected food packaging labels to find the nutrients present in bananas.

The table below is a summary of their findings.

nutrient mass / g per 100 g

carbohydrate 22.25

fat 0.25

protein 2.00

fibre 2.50
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(a) (i) Plot a bar chart of the data in the table above.

[4]

(ii) The remaining mass of a banana is mostly water, as the mass of vitamins and minerals
is very small.

Calculate, to the nearest whole number, the mass of water in 100 g of banana.

Show your working.

.................................................................g [2]

[Total: 6]
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26 A student set up a test-tube containing starch, water and amylase.

How could the student test whether the amylase had digested all the starch?

A Add Biuret solution.

B Add dilute hydrochloric acid.
C Add iodine solution.
D Weigh the test-tubes and contents before and after the experiment.
[1]

[Total: 1]

27 Water is a good solvent.

What does this mean?

A It dissolves well in many other substances.

B It flows easily through vessels.
C It is permeable to gases.
D Many substances dissolve well in it.
[1]

[Total: 1]

28 Which solutions are used for testing for protein, reducing sugar and starch?

test for reducing

test for protein test for starch
sugar

A Benedict’s iodine biuret

B biuret Benedict’s iodine

C biuret iodine Benedict’s

D iodine biuret Benedict’s

[1]

[Total: 1]
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29 The table shows whether starch was still present after four different experiments.

experiment result

starch + water at 20 °C ✓

starch + amylase at 20 °C ✗

starch + amylase at 30 °C ✗

starch + boiled amylase at 30 °C ✓

key

✓ = starch present

✗ = starch absent

What broke down the starch?

A amylase
B boiled amylase
C heat
D water
[1]

[Total: 1]

30 Which substance contains nitrogen?

A fat
B glucose
C protein
D starch
[1]

[Total: 1]