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    1) The architectural style of the Vijayanagar Empire borrowed features from earlier Chola, Pandya, and Hoysala styles. Temples had high stone enclosures, gopuras at gateways, and were made of granite with stucco and brick details. 2) Typical features included a sanctum, ante chamber, corridors, halls, and mantapas surrounded by walls with sculptures. Pillars were often tall and slender with decorative sections. 3) Vijayanagar architects added their own touches, like the massive gopura at the Virupakshwa temple entrance. Temples combined influences from across South India to represent the richest surviving monument of South Indian architecture.

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    Jpce 2022 4 6 - 7

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    1) The architectural style of the Vijayanagar Empire borrowed features from earlier Chola, Pandya, and Hoysala styles. Temples had high stone enclosures, gopuras at gateways, and were made of granite with stucco and brick details. 2) Typical features included a sanctum, ante chamber, corridors, halls, and mantapas surrounded by walls with sculptures. Pillars were often tall and slender with decorative sections. 3) Vijayanagar architects added their own touches, like the massive gopura at the Virupakshwa temple entrance. Temples combined influences from across South India to represent the richest surviving monument of South Indian architecture.

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    JPCE-2022-4-6_7

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    1) The architectural style of the Vijayanagar Empire borrowed features from earlier Chola, Pandya, and Hoysala styles. Temples had high stone enclosures, gopuras at gateways, and were made of granite with stucco and brick details. 2) Typical features included a sanctum, ante chamber, corridors, halls, and mantapas surrounded by walls with sculptures. Pillars were often tall and slender with decorative sections. 3) Vijayanagar architects added their own touches, like the massive gopura at the Virupakshwa temple entrance. Temples combined influences from across South India to represent the richest surviving monument of South Indian architecture.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    22 views2 pages

    Jpce 2022 4 6 - 7

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    malfa .o
    1) The architectural style of the Vijayanagar Empire borrowed features from earlier Chola, Pandya, and Hoysala styles. Temples had high stone enclosures, gopuras at gateways, and were made of granite with stucco and brick details. 2) Typical features included a sanctum, ante chamber, corridors, halls, and mantapas surrounded by walls with sculptures. Pillars were often tall and slender with decorative sections. 3) Vijayanagar architects added their own touches, like the massive gopura at the Virupakshwa temple entrance. Temples combined influences from across South India to represent the richest surviving monument of South Indian architecture.

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    of 2

    Journal of Progress in Civil Engineering ISSN: 2322-0856

    DOI: 10.53469/jpce.2022.04(06).07

    Architectural Style of the Vijayanagar Empire


    Chandrakant Fazli
    Department of History and Archaeology, Rani Channamma University Belagavi, Karnataka-586108
    [email protected]

    1. Introduction maintenance of the Temples. Emperors, Royal Ladies


    Nobles Dandanayaks, Mahamandaleshwars Merchants and
    Harihar I taking advantages of the decline of the Hoysala others involved in the Patronages Activities. The
    Empire, successfully Established the Vijayanagar Kingdom Vijayanagar Empire was Famous for Art, Architecture, and
    in the year 1336 AD. There were Four Royal families Sculptures. According to Percy Brown” Vijayanagar art as
    successfully ruled by the Vijayanagar Namely Sangamas, the supremely passionate flowering of the Dravidian style’’
    Salvas. Tuluvas and Aravidu families. Which was declined The Vijayanagar Architector barrowed many architectural
    in the Year 1565 AD in the famous Battle of Talikota. Features from the Cholas, Pandyas and the Hoysalas. The
    During the rule of three families Vijayanagar Kingdom typical Vijayanagar temples have a high stone Enclosures
    reached its high Zenith in every fleid. The Kingdom was around the temples with high Gopura on the gateway. it was
    ruled by Many famous Kings among them were HariharaI, made of granite and the Gopura was made of Bricks, wood
    1336-1355 Bukka I, 1355-1377 Harihara II, 1377-1404, and Stucco.
    Devaray I 1406-1422, Devaraya II 1422-1446 and
    Krishnadevaray 1509-1529. The Vijayanagar city was Characteristic of Vijayanagar Architecture
    founded by Bukkaraya-I Which was on e of the leading and
    attracted cities in the world 1) The Plan-A typical Vijayanagar Temples are Big and
    Spacious. Consist of a Sanctum, an ante Chamber a
    The Centers pradakshinapatha, a navaranga, a Mukha mantapa, a
    The Kings of the Vijayanagar had Constructed Many kalyana matapa an Utsava mantapa and Parivara
    Magnificent Temples in the Different Parts of Karnataka, shries. The whole Complex is enclosed by a high wall
    Andhra Pradesh (undivided) and Tamil nadu The famous with Entrance marked by Gopuras. The Number of
    Centres of Art and Architectures were Hampi, Anegundi, Entrance is depends on the size of the temple,
    srisailam, Tirumala, Tirupati, Penugonda Tadapatri, Generally Temples face is situated toward East. Infant
    Lepakshi, Srirangam, Chidambaram, Kanchi, Ramesvaram, of the temple balli-pitha, dipa stamba and Dvaja
    Chandragiri, Kalahasti, Madurai and other Places. stamba were situated.
    2) The Sanctum-It was always in Square. Where the
    Hampi was the Capital city of Vijayanagar Empire Situated deity of the temple is dedicated. Temple of Rangatha
    on the Bank of river Tungabhadra which had yielded More or Anantasayana Possess rectangular Sanctum. It was
    than one hundred Monuments. It is surrounded by the chain called pitha where the Main deity was installed
    of the Massive Granite hills. Numerous temples built with 3) The Pradakshinapatha- Balakrishna, Vithal and
    hard stones Quarried from the Local hills. The monuments Hazaram Temples Possesses Pradakshinapatha around
    can be divided into Temples and Non-Religious Structures. the Sanctum. In the Pre-Vijayanagar Period temples
    The temples building activities were started during the royal consists of Garbhagriha on the floor. Pradakshin
    Patronage of Harihara and Bukka under the behest of their Passage in the Vijayanagar Temple Does not touch
    guru sage vidyaranya. (1338) they used local reddish with the Sanctum. There is gap between the
    granite. During the Golden Days of the Vijayanagar Empire Pradakshin and Sanctum
    Great Foreign scholars and Travellers Domingo Pius, Abdul 4) The Navaranga-The Navaranga is Squared houses
    Razzack and Nuniz document its achievements for the Four Pillars. The Pillars are Located in the Four
    Posterity. Robert Sewell who resurfaced the glory of this corners of the raised Platform built in the Centre of
    Empire Navaranga. The Navaranga is generally has three
    Entrances as found in the Vithal, Hazaram and
    The temples are the most Significant Monument of Indian Virupaksha temples
    architecture it represents the subtle values of the Indian 5) The Basement-The Vijayanagar Temples Stands on a
    Culture and followed the firm Establishment of image high Plinth made up of a series of mouldings The most
    worship and developed the rituals. Temples are the Matrix Important Moulding is the bracelet Mouldings Another
    of Indian Culture. Temple Building was one of the Moulding commonly found in the Basement is the
    conspicuous Practices of the Indians during the historical Multi-faced Kamuda. The top most moulding is in the
    Period form of a kapota
    6) The walls-Smaller Temples have Plain wall, where as
    Patrons and the Grants Bigger Temples Possesses Decorative wall with
    A Class of the different societies of the People Patronage niches, and Panjaras The niches which are Crowned by
    the temple activities. The patronage activity consists of two Salas Panjaras and tornas also found on the wall The
    stages, first one was the Construction of the Temple, and outer wall decorated with the sculptures of deities,
    second one was mobilization of resources for the

    Volume 4 Issu
    Issue 6, 2022
    25
    www.bryanhousepub.org
    Journal of Progress in Civil Engineering ISSN: 2322-0856
    incidents from the Epics the Puranas, and the [8] S. Rajasekhara-1985-Karntaka Architecture-
    Mythological Accounts Dharwad
    7) The Pillars-Vijayanagar Architects used different [9] Dr. Chandrakant Koligudde “Belagavi Jilleya
    types of Pillars for building Temples. There were two Chikiodi Mattu Gokak Talukina Mahasati
    Types of Pillars were Prominent during the Kalugalu Directorate of Archaeology and Museum.
    Vijayanagar Period. The first Type of Pillar is Vijayanagar Adhyana. Volume-IX-2004. P-86-94
    basically square, tall and Slender. The Pillar shaft is [10] Dr. ChandrakantKoligudde-Art and Architecture of
    divided into three Square Sections each Separated by Thadigudi” Directorate of Archaeology and Museum
    an octagonal and sixteen-sided band. The square Vijayanagar Adhayana, Volume XI-2007. P-260-262.
    Portion on the bottom has Naga-Bandhas. The Pillars [11] Dr. Chandrakant Koligudde. “Chikodi Talukin
    Mainly Preferred forms the Schist. Devalayagalu mattu Shilpagalu Directorate of
    8) TheCeilling-Generally the ceilings are flat and plain. Archaeology & Museum Mysore Proceeding 2010. P-
    The central ceiling the Navaranga and Mukhamantapa 224 to 30
    are decorative. In the virupaksha temple, the ceiling of
    Rangamatapa is flat and spacious with Painted
    9) Flight of Steps-It was another important feature of
    Vijayanagar Temple. Fight of Steps Built at the
    Entrance into the Mukhamantapa. The steps are
    flanked by slabs depicting sural Yalis. The Elephants
    are adorned with ornaments of different kinds. Flights
    of steps with sural yalis can be seen in the temples of
    Balakrishna and Virupaksha
    10) The Sikhara-The Sikhara is built with Bricks and
    Mortor. These are less in height Compared with
    gopuras. The Sculptures are found on the Sikhara
    Prepared with the Stucco. For temple building they
    used granite. The Vijayanagar Monuments followed
    the traditions of Cholas and Pandyas. The layout of the
    Vijayanagar monuments is bigger than the Cholas and
    Pandyas.

    2. Conclusion
    The Vijayanagar architects added their own touches as well
    –Virupaksha temple’s entrance features a massive Gopura, a
    unique facet of South Indian temple architecture. The city is
    surrounded with seven fortifications wall. Its streets were
    wide enough for multiple chariots, and it was known that
    chariot festivals were popular during the Vijayanagar.
    Today, Vijayanagar represents the richest, surviving
    monument in South Indian architecture. Every one of its
    temples represents the confluence of the finest influences in
    India at their time of creation. The Vijayanagar Empire
    represented a magnificent epoch in the history of south
    India, Which cannot be forgotten. Paes quoted that
    Vijayanagar is the best provided city in the World

    References
    [1] P. Brown-1971-Indian Architecture-(Buddhist and
    Hindu Period)-Bombay
    [2] D. Devakunjari---1970-Hampi-New Delhi
    [3] S. Rajasekhara-1983-Masterpieces of Vijayanagar
    Art-Bombay
    [4] S. Grover-1980-The Architecture of India Buddhist
    and Hindu-New Delhi
    [5] J. R. Ramamurthy (Ed)-1997-The Vijayanagar
    Heritage-Hospet
    [6] K. R. Srinivasan-1971-South Indian Temples-New
    Delhi
    [7] G. Yazdani (Ed)-1960-The Early History of the
    Deccan-OUP

    Volume 4 Issu
    Issue 6, 2022
    26
    www.bryanhousepub.org

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