Emerging Life Sciences Series

Defining Your Target Product Profile: Therapeutics

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Product descriptions

Covid 19 is a unique vaccine targeted to improve the immunity system. It is

assumed that the vaccine will improve health conditions, especially for the people

living with covid 19. The working of the Covid 19 vaccine needs us to understands the

general functions of our bodies since it has several impacts, especially on infected

people. The vaccine generally helps bodies to develop immunity resistance to the virus

causing infections. The vaccine is made of solid reactants that last for around one

week before it starts causing practical impacts to the body.

Unmet clinical need

There is an imperative requirement to identify which clinical strategy the

healthcare sector should use in covid 19 pandemics. Following the covid 19

pandemics' emergency and growth, the study wants to recognize and prioritize the

unmet clinical need for coronavirus diagnostics. To succumb to the further spread of

Covid 19, homes and hospitals have recognized several unmet clinical needs that

concern covid 19 issues. According to the UK covid 19 response, hospitals need to

ensure that all safety and set guidelines are followed. This will slow down the rate at

which the covid 19 pandemics are spreading.

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Indications and usage

Target Annotations

Most methicillin-resistant staph aureus

Methicillin-resistant staph aureus vaccine. (MRSA) infections are healthcare-associated,

They are used to prevent methicillin-resistant almost 60 percent on community-onset and

staph aureus bacteria from progressing into about 25 percent hospital-based. MRSA in

chronic infection stages in the body. the USA, for instance, has become a

This vaccine targets patients infected with significant health concern remaining the

Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. primary nosocomial infection in most

Target patients are those with underlying hospitals (Lee et al., 2018). Recently, the

severe infections like persons suffering from bacteria are shown to be very lethal in

underlying disorders and are more frequently correlation with covid 19 disorders.

hospitalized and those participating in a contact

sport. These groups are known to be in the

frontline in acquiring staph aureus bacteria.

Unfortunately, they are prone to the

methicillin-resistant species of bacteria.

Comments:

The drugs presented for treating the methicillin-resistant staph aureus include;

vancomycin, daptomycin, telavancin, and cefazoline. These drugs, however, prove to

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be quite expensive than our vaccine product. Moreover, the vaccine is a one-time

injection, whereas the drugs are continual uptakes and may impact the body system.

2. Dosage and administration

Who can only order the vaccine via injections? Covid 19 vaccine can only be administered

Each must contain 0.3 ml of the vaccine to basing the symptoms and confirmed by using

have an impactive response to the body cells. reverse transcription-polymerase chain

The vaccine is approximately expected to be reaction (RT-PCR). Additionally, the dosage

administered immediately after the infection is can be tested by the use of nucleic acid testing

recognized. of the infections. As the infection is

Since it is an antibiotic dosage, it can recognized, the dosage can be administered to

administer once but not subsequently due to its ensure the rate of body cells is lowered. The

adverse effects. dosage is used chiefly in boosting the body

immune to thus preventing T cells' weakening,

which generates body defense.

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Comments:

Current vaccine admittance and acceptance rates require most vaccines to follow the intravenous

injection method. Many vaccines prefer the vaccine mode since it is absorbed and takes action

immediately due to direct interactions with the immune cells.

3. Contraindications

Target Annotations

Expectant are leveraged for taking this vaccine. Supply a summary of completed or planned

This is due to possible autoimmune reactions studies that support the target. Alternatively,

that may occur with the unborn children hence include literature references describing

becoming congenitally lethal. contraindications for the drug class.

Vaccines are weakened forms of pathogens.

For staph aureus, once the vaccines get into

the body system, they are recognized as

unique antigens; hence the body immunity

produces antibodies against the intruding

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antigens; in an unborn child, this can set a

cascade of trans-placental reactions that can

harm the unborn child.

Comments:

The counter-indications have been seen more often in the health community. Specific cancer

therapies have been congenitally harmful to the unborn in patients undergoing chemotherapy.

The therapies have led to deaths and immunological reactions that lead to children with

disorders.

4. Adverse reactions

Target Annotations

The vaccine may cause immunological According to an article by Moorlag et al.,2019

reactions in the body, leading to unborn significant side effects of vaccines include

death whose immunity is still low. soreness, swelling, rash, fever, achiness, or

The drug class is associated with chronic even life-threatening allergic reactions within

immunological reactions and death in 2-4 days of administration. Encephalitis, severe

severe cases. eye infections, and ultimate deaths result from a

In clinical studies, vaccines' adverse vaccination as well.

effects include tiredness, headaches,

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anxiety, muscle pains, and nausea.

Comments:

The virus has resisted current drugs for ages; due to more antibiotics uptake, severe liver

diseases have been observed due to the overwhelming detoxification role. Moreover, the

body immunity does not respond well to other treatments after it is exposed to several

intakes of antibiotics rendering the immune system compromised.

5. Clinical pharmacology

Target Annotations

The vaccine works by generating memory Vaccines are weakened forms of the pathogen

B-cells which recognize the pathogen that create an impending intruder's immunity

antigen in the following reaction. An awareness (Vetter et al.,2018). They wake the

antibody clearing mechanism is hence and prepare the fight cells for an impending

created for a future attack. pathogenic intruder.

The drug would require 12-24 hours to

integrate into the body systems and organs.

The first vaccine receptors are the cell

membrane, where careers infuse the

vaccine inside the body. The vaccine

moves to the lymphatic vessel, setting the

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memory B- cells active by producing an

antibody against the virus. The vaccine is

distributed in all body parts by the lymph

fluids plus the communication channels

found between the cells.

Once the drag is in uptake, it takes an

amount of 3-4 months of activity. After

that, a new dosage is taken.

The liver does the detoxification role by

clearing the drug. Drug debris constituting

the weak form of the pathogen is liberated

by phagocytic actions and lysis. It is

afterward removed along with uric acid or

fecal matter.

Comments:

Current treatment is bond to internal damage of the liver. They are not very supportive in

clearing the methicillin-resistant strain of the virus. Creating an immune awareness is the

ultimate choice in dealing with the bacteria since it prepares the body for current and
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subsequent attacks.

6. Nonclinical toxicology

Target Annotations

Most of the drug constituents are plant The drug has involved the incorporation of

phytochemicals and are less expected to certain phytochemicals with no harmful

cause any bodily harm. Moreover, the drug effect on the body system. The

has complied with the drug acts and phytochemicals are usually part of the human

regulations to ensure that it can implicate no vegetative diet, and the only difference is the

cytocidal damage on humans. concentration purposefully for eradicating

The maximum allowed dosage in humans is the bacteria.

about 7mm to 10 mm in one injection. These

are the ranges with no adverse effects.

In human beings, a safer starting dosage is

set to be 5mm for a single dosage.

Just like other drugs, the long-term effects

include paralysis and severe brain

encephalitis. The long-term effects, however,

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only arises from misuse.

Comments:

Nonclinical toxicology may arise from the bacteria's uptake from food substances or any

community mode of infection. In a hospital setup, however, the bacteria are a nosocomial

infection acquired due to hospitalization. In the hospital setup, however, the methicillin-

resistant strain is dominant.

7. Clinical studies

Target Annotations

The drug has undergone several clinical The drug's significance has been tested in

trials and has been tested and proved to be any selected population and proved to be at

efficient. 0.01 fail probability. With more research in

At all levels of significance of about 99%, the study, the drug will be established as the

the drug is regarded as significant in killing most preferred in its typical side effects.

the pathogen.

The drug has a higher safety profile of one

harm in a population of hundred successes.

The research study's endpoint reveals that

continual uptake of antibiotics has caused

liver damage; furthermore, increased uptake

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of the antibiotics has created resistivity. This

vaccine, therefore, comes in the service the

two significant challenges.

Comments

This drug proves more efficient because apart from dealing with bacteria causing the health

menace, it provides healthy bodily interactions. It has no many side effects primarily related

to the liver. Finally, it targets the body's immune system's primary role by using its network

to generate a shield.
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Reference

Lee, A. S., de Lencastre, H., Garau, J., Kluytmans, J., Malhotra-Kumar, S., Peschel, A., & Harbarth,

S. (2018). Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Nature reviews Disease

primers, 4(1), 1-23.
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Jabal, K. A., Ben-Amram, H., Beiruti, K., Batheesh, Y., Sussan, C., Zarka, S., & Edelstein, M.

(2021). Impact of age, ethnicity, sex, and prior infection status on immunogenicity

following a single dose of the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine: real-world

evidence from healthcare workers, Israel, December 2020 January 2021.

Eurosurveillance, 26(6), 2100096.

Moorlag, S. J. C. F. M., Arts, R. J. W., Van Crevel, R., & Netea, M. G. (2019). Non-specific effects

of BCG vaccine on viral infections. Clinical microbiology and disease, 25(12), 1473-

1478

Vetter, V., Denizer, G., Friedland, L. R., Krishnan, J., & Shapiro, M. (2018). Understanding modern-

day vaccines: what you need to know. Annals of medicine, 50(2), 110-120.