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Safety and Security of IoT-based Solutions for Autonomous
Driving: Architectural Perspective

The effect of IoT on automotive sector is further enhanced by other trends, such as
autonomous driving (AD).
The user acceptance of AD depends on successful integration of IoT with Cyber-
Physical Systems (CPS),which are crucial components for monitoring and control.
This paper describes the architectural design for safe and secure IoT-based
solutions aimed at AD, considering the design principles of the IoT4CPS, an Austrian
national funded project.
IoT4CPS seeks to create guidelines, methods and tools for safe and secure
integration of IoT into AD and related smart production.
It addresses secure localization in V2X communication networks and the tight
integration of vertical stakeholders along the supply chain.
The IoT4CPS is Austria’s national flagship project, which aims to develop safe and
secure IoT solutions for industrial applications. The overall goal of IoT4CPS is to
provide methods and tools to support the development, production and maintenance
of safe and secure IoT solutions in the field of AD and Smart Production
project involves 17 industrial and academic partners, enabling it to address security

issues of CPS in a holistic approach both along the specific value chains and the
product life cycles
IoT4CPS aims to deploy innovative and trustworthy IoT components, solutions and
environments, both for the product as well as its development and production
environment, in order to (a) increase quality and range of functions for AD systems,
and (b) accelerate the development, validation, instrumentation, production and in-
field deployment of these solutions
he technological activities are grouped in three areas: –

Design & Development of CPS: Methods for the design of safe and secure industrial
IoT applications. Provisioning of tools to support security by design or ease the
integration of security mechanisms across partners.
– Verification & Analysis: Verification of system requirements to ensure system
reliability and system monitoring to ensure system resilience.
– Life-cycle Management: Enable security throughout the system lifetime, including
mechanisms to provide updates. Support integration of field learnings in production
processes for next-generation solutions.
2.1 Use case: autonomous driving

The intricate technical solutions encompassed by AD are achieving marketable
levels of maturity. The core is formed around CPS capable of hosting high-
performance computing and connectivity
the current trend bases control strategy on centralised computing platform,
increasing the CPS complexity
2.2 IoT Life-cycle management
One of IoT4CPSs overall project goals is digitalisation along the entire product life-
cycle, leading to time-to-market acceleration for connected and autonomous
vehicles.
. As success of IoT solutions depends not only on conceptual designs, but also on
testing, production and in-field operation and maintenance of systems,IoT4CPS
takes a holistic view in terms of integration of operational aspects as well as the
technology bricks. Hence, security levels are integrated across all dimensions aiming
to ensure trusted interaction between components, to maintain data quality and to
protect data. A significant side-effect of life-cycle integration is improved interaction
possibilities for two process types: new security and existing safety processes.
Positive consequences are expressed in reduced time-to-market and (technical and
business) risk mitigation; both qualities are considerable contributors to sustainability
of benefits.
3 Design and architecture

The concept of life-cycle management is further bolstered by development of
components and their integration into an architecture that is designed with effective
safety and security in mind. The architecture is an integral component of connectivity
mechanisms to protect vehicles, which are becoming increasingly vulnerable to
cyberthreats due to the rise of communication access points into vehicles. The
concept of Digital Twins is used as a security and safety enhancing tool for
communication and control components of the proposed architecture. Digital twins of
complex systems aid addressing of potential attacks through virtualisation, which if
applied at both, early development stages and at runtime operation, should help
tackle risks early in the life-cycle of the control CPS. The run-time risks are further
mitigated using novel dependability design methods. These are crucial for AD that is
pushing towards integration of datadriven controllers with self-adaptable properties
during own operating lifetime.As such, they are prone to exhibiting behaviour that is
not possible to predict at design stages. Such behaviour may result from vehicle
detecting an unfamiliar environment. In such occasions, it is the secure localization
that maps vehicles surroundings and provides information needed for decision
making.
3.1 Architectural aspects of secure and reliable V2X communication
V2X connectivity aims to enhance safety of vehicles, passengers and pedestrians by

extending the sensing capabilities of on-board sensors, as well as vehicles
computing power through specialised ad-hoc edge and cloud application services.
Through data exchange with the communication network and the surroundings (e.g.,
nearby vehicles, the road infrastructure, pedestrians), the on-board sensor data is
exchanged and enhanced through communication with surrounding entities. V2X
communication comprises four main sub-categories: vehicle-tovehicle (V2V),
vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I road infrastructure), vehicle-tonetwork (V2N
backend/internet), and vehicle-to-pedestrian (V2P) communications which can be
extended by including a variety of other use-cases (figure 2). When fully empowered,
it will be a key enabler and a vital component of AD.
s. IoT4CPS investigates the concept of a Digital Twin as a means of validating

security and functional safety measures and their interplay with physical assets of
AD setting

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Safety and Security of IoT-based Solutions for Autonomous

Driving: Architectural Perspective

project involves 17 industrial and academic partners, enabling it to address security

he technological activities are grouped in three areas: –

2.1 Use case: autonomous driving

2.2 IoT Life-cycle management

3 Design and architecture

V2X connectivity aims to enhance safety of vehicles, passengers and pedestrians by

s. IoT4CPS investigates the concept of a Digital Twin as a means of validating

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