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IoT Based Home Automation Using Raspberry Pi

Article  in  Journal of Advanced Research in Dynamical and Control Systems · July 2018

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Jour of Adv Research in Dynamical & Control Systems, Vol. 10, 07-Special Issue, 2018

IoT Based Home Automation Using

Raspberry Pi
K. Venkatesh 1*, P. Rajkumar S. Hemaswathi3, B.Rajalingam4
1, 2, 3
Assistant Professor, 1 Research Scholar
1, 2, 3, 4
Department of Computer Science and Engineering,
1
Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr.Sagunthala R&D Institute of Science and Technology,
2, 3
Mount Zion college of Engineering & Technology, 4 Annamalai University
[email protected]

Abstract—Availability of high speed mobile networks like 3G, 4G and Long Term Evolution coupled with
cheaper and accessible smart phones, mobile industry has seen a tremendous growth in terms of providing
various services and applications at the fingertips of the citizens. This paper discusses about IoT and it can be
used for realizing smart home automation using Raspberry Pi.This system consists of a smart phone along with
webpage which is having the home appliances details with ON and OFF conditions. Smart phone is connecting
with Raspberry Pi using the IP address of Raspberry Pi through Wi-Fi. The wireless application is user friendly
improves efficiency and lifestyle. The system successfully overcomes the drawbacks in Bluetooth and ZIGBEE
technology.Internet of Things (IoT) is one of the promising technologies which can be used for connecting,
controlling and managing intelligent objects which are connected to Internet through an IP address. Applications
ranging from smart governance, smart education, smart agriculture, smart healthcare, smart home etc. can use
IoT for effective delivery of services without manual intervention in a more effective manner.

Keywords — Long Term Evolution (LTE), Internet of Things (IoT),Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE), General
Purpose Input / Output (GPIO),Raspberry Pi (RPI)

I. Introduction
IoT is the internetworking of physical devices, vehicles (also referred to as “connected devices” and
“smart devices”), buildings, and other items-embedded with electronics, software, sensors, actuators, and
network connectivity that enable these objects to collect and exchange data. In 2013 the Global Standards
Initiative on Internet of Things (IoT-GSI) defined the IoT as “the infrastructure of the information society” [1-
3].
IoT and the machine-to-machine (M2M) technology are bringing a kind of “super visibility” to nearly
every industry. Imagine utilities and Telco’s that can predict and prevent service outages, airlines which
remotely monitor and optimize plan performance, and healthcare organizations that can base treatment on real-
time genome analysis [3]. The business possibilities are endless. IoT cloud solutions provide affordable to high-
speed data networks- to significantly extend the reach and usability of your IoT application. They can also offer
data storage, processing, analysis, and remote device management.As companies collect data beyond traditional
IT boundaries, IoT security measures will be critical.
The home automation is nothing but interconnection of physical devices embedded with sensors and
software. The network connectivity is used to collect and exchange the data. Home automation refers to the
automatic and electronic control of household features, activity and appliances. Various control systems are
utilized in this residential extension of building automation. Home automation is also known as domesticsor
demoniac. Modern system generally consist of switches and sensors connected to a central “gateway” from
which the system is controlled with a user interface that is interacted either with a wall-mounted terminal,
mobile phone software, tablet computer or web interface, often but not always via internet cloud services[4].
Nowadays home automation system is being widely used to control devices around the home. A variety
of home devices can be controlled with the help of a home automation system. All kinds of home appliances
like doors, lights, fan, electric heater, surveillance systems, and consumer electronics belong to the home
automation system devices. Home automation system is adopted by using the technology available for the
purpose of controlling the devices as well as the systems used in the home automatically [4-5].

This paper presents an intelligent home automation to control the home appliances and electrical and
electronic equipment by using smartphone. It will turn ON or OFF the home appliances and electrical equipment
by using relay circuits with the concept of IoT. This is implemented by using Raspberry Pi.
The organization of this paper is as follows,Section II summarizes the background study of its benefits
and problems. Section III gives the brief description about the proposed system with block diagram. Section IV

*Corresponding Author: K.Venkatesh, Email : [email protected]

Article History: Received: May 04, 2018, Revised: May 25, 2018, Accepted: July 28, 2018 1721
 IoT Based Home Automation Using Raspberry Pi

and V describes about the Hardware and Software requirements. Section VI deals with the results and discussion
of the model followed by conclusion in the Section VII.
II. BACKGROUND STUDY
A. Home automation system based on Bluetooth Technology
Automation systems are gaining IoT of popularity nowadays and are being used at various places such
as shopping malls, toll gates, airport, etc. The implementation details of two schemes for home automation and
control is presented in this work. The first scheme presents a prototype of Home Automation System (HAS) for
remotely controlling the appliances at home through the subject of email. This system is based on ARM11
Raspberry pi microcontroller board. Python Integrated Development Environment (PIDE) is used for developing
the necessary software [6-7].
The second scheme uses Bluetooth Technology for controlling the devices when we are at home. It
uses a HC-05 Bluetooth module and Bluetooth controller mobile application for switching on or off the
appliances. Relays and LEDs are used as load to demonstrate the working of the system [6-7].
B. Smart home based on Zigbee
Constructing the efficient, convenient and cozy home environment has become the current hot spot by
using ZIGBEE wireless communication technology. This system uses ZIGBEE Wireless Technology to build
home internal Network, and connect a variety of sensors and home appliance controller to ZIGBEE network
node [8].
Various signals collected by a few end-nodes may be delivered by this system to the main control
module, which will analyze and process them. Then the main control module transfers this information to
internet through the Ethernet and GSM/GPRS network to remotely and locally monitor and control family inner
environment and household appliances. Furthermore, the working condition of the system can be traced into SD
Cards [8].
C. Touch screen and remote control based home automation system
Home automation needs to make use of modern technologies to reduce human efforts as well as save
energy. This work focuses on the development of an embedded system for home automation system that use
standard remote controller, temperature, humidity and touch screen as a user input device. The inconvenience in
controlling the devices has been solved by this home automation system. In this proposed home automation
system different attractive features are combined together which is not found very often in other home
automation system [9]. This offers a low cost, complete and efficient system for remote operation of a room.
Furthermore, this system can be applied to control all kinds of appliances automatically installed within
buildings, companies, schools, hospitals etc…
D. Embedded platform for web based monitoring and control of a smart home
The architecture of a low cost embedded platform for web-based monitoring and control of a smart
home is presented in this work. The platform consists of a distributed sensing and control network, devices for
access control and a residential gateway with touch-screen display offering an easy to use interface to the user as
well as providing remote, web based access. The key issues related to the design of the proposed platform were
addressed: the problem of security and the robustness of the distributed control network to network fault [10].
One of the main advantage of this system include scalability – the multipoint network can easily be
extended with new sensor/controller/actuator nodes, new embedded Ethernet gateways can be added to the local
network (e.g. for monitoring and control of the greenhouse and of the garden) which can be exposed directly to
the web through embedded web servers or through the residential gateway by following the restful architecture
[11].
For making the home automation easy, the control of all the devices should be brought in one place. To
do this several works have been done. But there are some obstacles to be overcome for making the home
automation system easier and popular; these are high cost of ownership, inflexibility, poor manageability, and
difficulty in achieving security. In Java based home automation system, a complex and costly installation and is
needed. The requirement of a high end PC makes the system expensive. To avoid and overcome these problems,
we are proposing home automation using IoT with Raspberry Pi.

III. PROPOSED SYSTEM

In this system, we are using Raspberry Pi and establish the internet connection for the purpose of
automation using IoT by accessing the IP address.

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Jour of Adv Research in Dynamical & Control Systems, Vol. 10, 07-Special Issue, 2018

Figure 1: Model view of home automation system

Figure 2: Block diagram of home automation system

The figure 1 represents the home automation system that allows the user to control home appliances through
wireless.Figure 2 represents the block diagram of smartphone based home automation system using IoT. All the
home appliances are connected with Raspberry Pi.Mobile phone and Raspberry Pi are connected through Wi-Fi.
Raspberry Pi is used as the board controller to connect the appliances via input and output port. We can use
cloud server for controlling and monitoring the home appliances from anywhere. PHP coding is used for
controlling home appliances. Copy the saved program in SD card and inserting it in Raspberry Pi and then run
the program. While the program is executing, enter the IP address in the URL to open the webpage. It
establishes the connection between the smart phone and the Raspberry Pi board.

IV. HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS

A. Raspberry Pi
Raspberry Pi is a low cost credit card size computer that plugs into a computer monitor or TV and uses
a standard keyboard and mouse. Most importantly it’s open source hardware. Computing Programmable
Language like python and scratch under Linux platform. Raspberry Pi 2 model B has CPU 900MHZ quad-core
ARM cortx-A7 processor. The Ethernet adaptor is connected to an additional USB port. In model A and A+ the
USB port is connected directly to the Silicon on Chip (SoC).

*Corresponding Author: K.Venkatesh, Email : [email protected]

Article History: Received: May 04, 2018, Revised: May 25, 2018, Accepted: July 28, 2018 1723
 IoT Based Home Automation Using Raspberry Pi

Figure 3: Schematic representation of RPI 3

Figure 3 represents the detailed diagram of Raspberry Pi3.Raspberry Pi3 is the third generation
Raspberry pi. It replaced the Raspberry pi 2 model B in February 2016. Compared to the Raspberry pi 2 it has:
 A 1.2GHZ 64-bit quad-core ARMv8 CPU
 802.11n Wireless LAN
 Bluetooth 4.1
 Bluetooth Low Energy(BLE)
B. Relay circuit
Relays are switches that open and close circuits electromechanically or electronically. Relays control
one electrical circuit by opening and closing contact in another circuit. When a relay contact is Normally Closed
(NC), there is a closed contact when the relay is not energized. It is an electromagnetic switch operated by
relatively small electric current that can turn on or off much larger electric current the heart of a relay is an
electromagnet (a coil of wire that becomes a temporary magnet when electrically flows through it).Solid-state
relays control power circuits with no moving parts, instead using a semiconductor device to perform switching.
Relays with calibrated operating characteristics and sometimes multiple operating coils are used to protect
electrical circuits from overload or faults, in modern electric power systems these functions are performed by
digital instruments still called “protective relays”.

Figure 4: Schematic representation of two channel relay

Two channel relay diagram is shown in figure 4.This is a 5V, 10A 2-Channel Relayinterface board. It
can be controlled various appliances, and other equipment with large current. It can be controlled directly with
3.3V or 5V logic signals from a microcontroller (ARM, 8051, PIC).
C. DC motor
A DC motor is any class of rotary electrical machines that converts direct current electrical energy into
mechanical energy. The most common types rely on the forces produced by magnetic fields. Nearly all types of
DC motors have some internal mechanism, either electromechanical or electronic; to periodically change the
direction of current flow in the part of DC motor.
DC motors were the first type widely used, since they could be powered from existing direct-current
lighting power distribution systems. A DC motor’s speed can be controlled over a wide range, using either a
variable supply voltage or by changing the strength of current in its field windings. Small DC motors are used in
tools, toys, and appliances. DC motor is shown in figure 5.

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Jour of Adv Research in Dynamical & Control Systems, Vol. 10, 07-Special Issue, 2018

Figure 5: Pictorial view of DC motor

D. Buzzer
A buzzer is an audio signaling device which may be mechanical, electromechanical or piezoelectric.
Typical uses of buzzers include alarm devices, timers and confirmation of user input such as a mouse click or
keystroke. It is an electrical device that makes a buzzing noise and is used for signaling. Early devices were
based on an electromechanical system identical to an electric bell without the metal gong. Similarly, a relay may
be connected to interrupt its own actuating current, causing the contacts to buzzer. Often these units were
anchored to a wall or ceiling to use it as a sounding board. The word comes from the rasping noise that
electromechanical buzzers made. Buzzer is shown in figure 6.

Figure 6: Pictorial view of Buzzer

E. Motor driver circuit
L293D is a typical Motor driver or Motor driver IC which allows DC motor to drive on either direction.
L293D is a 16-pin IC which can control a set of two DC motors simultaneously in any direction. It means that
you can control two DC motor with a single L293D IC. Motor driver board is shown in figure 7.

Figure 7: Schematic view of motor driver board

*Corresponding Author: K.Venkatesh, Email : [email protected]

Article History: Received: May 04, 2018, Revised: May 25, 2018, Accepted: July 28, 2018 1725
 IoT Based Home Automation Using Raspberry Pi

V. SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS
A. PHP
PHP (PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor)is an "HTML-embedded scripting language" primarily used for
dynamic Web applications. The first part of this definition means that PHP code can be interspersed with
HTML, making it simple to generate dynamic pieces of Web pages on the fly. As a scripting language, PHP
code requires the presence of the PHP processor. PHP code is normally run in plain-text scripts that will only
run on PHP-enabled computers. PHP takes most of its syntax from C, Java, and Perl. It is an open source
technology and runs on most operating systems and with most Web servers. For this reason, PHP originally
stood for "Personal Home Page".
B. Python
Python is a widely used high-level programming languagefor general-purpose programming, created by
Guido Van Rossum and first released in 1991. An interpreted language, Python has a design philosophy which
emphasizes code readability (notably using whitespace indentation to delimit codeblocks rather than curly
braces or keywords), and a syntax which allows programmers to express concepts in fewer lines of code than
possible in languages such as C++ or Java. The language provides constructs intended to enable writing clear
programs on both a small and large scale.

VI. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Two different color bulbs are used in this system instead of connecting home appliances. Light1,
light2, buzzer and motor are among the appliances that can be used in this system. Home automation system is
used for controlling and monitoring the home appliances. It can perform in several ways. In this system, Wi-Fi
is used in order to control the devices in small coverage area. Raspberry Pi is used as the board controller to
connect the appliances via input and output port. Mobile phone and Raspberry Pi are connected through Wi-Fi.
Light1, light2, buzzer and DC motor are connected with Raspberry Pi. The voltage of home appliances is 230V
but the Raspberry Pi voltage is 5V. So in this system,relay circuit is used to cover the high voltage to low
voltage, low voltage to high voltage which is also act as a switch. In this system, we are using two bulbs, a dc
motor and a buzzer as home appliances. Here two way relay are used in order to connect zero watts bulb in 230
V. Next device is DC motor. DC motor needs the two 5 V supply. But the Raspberry Pi board has only for three
5 V pins. So the male header pins are used to connect the motor. Buzzer is connected to the Raspberry Pi in the
assigned pin. Connection setup of this system is shown in figure 8.

Figure 8: Implementation of smart phone based home automation using IoT

The command “ifconfig” is given in the command window. It will show the IP address in the screen as
shown in figure 9.

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Jour of Adv Research in Dynamical & Control Systems, Vol. 10, 07-Special Issue, 2018

Figure 9: Schematic view of IP address page

While the program is executing, we should enter the IP address in the URL to open the webpage. It
will establish the connection between the smart phone and the Raspberry Pi board and corresponding. On the
webpage, we are having ON and OFF buttons in the smart phone. By using these buttons we can able to ON and
OFF the home appliances which we connected with Raspberry Pi.When we touch the ALARM_ON button on
the webpage correspondingly the buzzer will turn ON and it will show in the smart phone. Likewise when we
touch the ALARM_OFF button the buzzer will be turn OFF and it will show in the smart phone.

VII. CONCLUSION
In this paper, a prototype smart home automation using IoT is presented. This work will be carried forward
by integrating relays to Raspberry pi board for controlling home appliances from a remote location in a real
scenario. As an extension, authors propose a generic IoT framework and use cloud computing infrastructure for
connecting and managing. Expected to grow in popularity in the near future is the use of smart home products to
increase family safety, specifically related to fire protection and carbon monoxide monitoring.Now we are
connecting and controlling the few devices in home appliances. In future we are connecting multiple devices in
order to control it from all over the world.
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*Corresponding Author: K.Venkatesh, Email : [email protected]

Article History: Received: May 04, 2018, Revised: May 25, 2018, Accepted: July 28, 2018 1727
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IoT Based Home Automation Using Raspberry Pi

[17] B.Rajalingam, Dr. R.Priya “Review of Multimodality Medical Image Fusion Using Combined
Transform Techniques for Clinical Application” International Journal of Scientific Research in
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For clinical Treatment Analysis” Smart Construction Research, Volume 2 Issue 2, 2018, pp. 1-20

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