DCDCI @CEV^ED

FM_NE 0 FR. XN_VC OMRRZ _JLMVCED, FJXI. KT,_.AK., K.AN_.

ZLNGJE _ XCRNEFNE (283<833?4)

XRMDRCK _V^FJ ENR_

_NAMICL VJEDDJ JIK^ AN_NLCVCE

TJFZC E^_CEVCRC XCI^

283:

3
 

ACVC XNEDCEVCR

Fnedce kneynbut eckc Vulce yced kclc pnedcsjl yced kclc pneycyced,
ackj pce`ctace pu`c fce pu`j syuaur ctcs anlcfjrct-eyc, yced tnicl knijkpclace

Rclkct, snljeddc pneuijs fcpct kneyninscjace kcacicl tnetced ’DCDCI

@CEV^ED‛. 

Kcacicl jej tnicl pneuijs susue fnedce kcasjkci fce knefcpctace bcetuce
fcrj bnrbcdcj pjlca snljeddc fcpct knkpniceocr pnkbuctce kcacicl jej. ^etua
jtu pneuijs kneyckpcjace bceyca tnrjkc acsjl anpcfc snkuc pjlca yced tnicl
 bnrametrjbusj fcick pnkbuctce kcacicl jej.

Vnrinpcs fcrj snkuc jtu, pneuijs kneycfcrj snpneuleyc bclwc kcsjl cfc
anaurcedce bcja fcrj sndj susuece acijkct kcupue tctc bclcsceyc. Minl acrnec
jtu fnedce tcedce tnrbuac pneuijs knenrjkc sndcic scrce fce arjtjace fcrj
 pnkbcoc cdcr pneuijs fcpct knkpnrbcjaj kcacicl jej.

Caljr actc pneuijs bnrlcrcp snkmdc kcacicl tnetced ’DCDCI @CEV^ED‛

uetua pnkbcoc jej fcpct knkbnrjace kcegcct kcupue jespjrcsj tnrlcfcp
 pnkbcoc.

Xciu, 36 Fnsnkbnr 283:

Xneuijs

2
 

FCGVCR J_J

ACVC XNEDCEVCR .........................................

...............................................................
.......................................
................. j

FCGVCR J_J .............................................

...................................................................
............................................
............................
...... j

BCB J XNEFCL^I^CE

C.  Ictcr Bnicaced ....................................................

..........................................................................
............................
...... 3
B.  Vu`uce ...........................................
.................................................................
............................................
............................
...... 2

BCB JJ XNKBCLC_CE

C.  Cectmkj gjsjmimdm ...........................................

.................................................................
................................
.......... ?
B.  Amesnp Knfjs ..........................................
................................................................
.......................................
.................
3.  Fngjejsj ............................................
..................................................................
...........................................
.....................
2.  Ntjmimdj ...........................................
.................................................................
...........................................
.....................
?.  Xctmgjsjmimdj ............................................
..................................................................
...................................
.............
6.  Xctlwcy ..........................................
................................................................
...........................................
.....................
>.  Kcejgnstcsj aijejs ........................................
..............................................................
................................
..........
7.  Aicsjgjacsj ............................................
..................................................................
.......................................
.................
4.  Xneondclce ..........................................
................................................................
.......................................
.................
<.  Xnectcicascecce .........................................
...............................................................
................................
..........
:.  Amkpijacsj ...........................................
.................................................................
...................................
.............
O.  Xrmsns Anpnrcwctce _nocrc Vnmrj .........................................
...................................................
..........
3.  pneac`jce ................................................
.......................................................................
....................................
.............
2.  fjcdemsc anpnrcwctce ................................................
.................................................................
.................
?.  jetnrvnesj fce rcsjmeci ....................................
..........................................................
............................
......

BCB JJJ XNE^V^X

C.  Ansjkpuice ..........................................

................................................................
...........................................
.....................
B.  _crce ..........................................
................................................................
............................................
................................
..........

FCGVCR X^_VCAC ..........................................

................................................................
.......................................
.................

?
 

BCB J

XNEFCL^I^CE

C. Ictcr Bnicaced

6
 

_cct jej Omednstjvn Lncrtl Gcjiurn 

Gcjiurn  (OLG) ctcu yced bjcsc fjsnbut dcdci
 `cetued amednstjg knrupcace sctu-sctueyc pneycajt acrfjmvcsauinr yced tnrus
knejedact jesjfne fce prnvcinesjeyc. Rjsjam ankctjce cajbct dcdci `cetued

 bnrajscr cetcrc >-38% pnrtclue pcfc dcdci `cetued rjedce yced cace
knejedact kne`cfj ?8-68% pcfc dcdci `cetued bnrct. _nicje jtu, dcdci `cetued
knrupcace pneycajt yced pcijed snrjed knknriuace pnrcwctce uiced fj rukcl
scajt (rncfkjssjme)
(rncfkjssjme)   knsajpue pnedmbctce rcwct `cice tnicl fjbnrjace snocrc
mptjkci (R. Kjgtcl _urycfjprc`c, 2888).
Dcdci `cetued Amednstjg cfcicl antjfcakckpuce `cetued uetua knkmkpc
fcrcl fcick `ukicl yced ouaup uetua knkneulj anbutulce `crjedce tnrlcfcp
masjdne fce eutrjnet fjacrnecace cfceyc anicjece guedsj `cetued yced
 bnrcajbct `cetued dcdci knkmkpc fcrcl uetua knkneulj anbutulce

kntcbmijskn `crjedce fce ctcu ankckpuceeyc lceyc cfc acicu fjsnrtcj

 pnejeddjce tnacece pnedjsjce vnetrjani ajrj (_knitznr & Bcrn, 2883).
2883).
OLG cfcicl antjfcakckpuce `cetued uetua knkmkpc fcrcl an sniurul
tubul (Nbbnrsmin, Lnss, 3::<, fcick kcacicl _crj 2832). Rjsjam OLG cace
knejedact pcfc mrced ice`ut usjc(icesjc) acrnec pneuruece guedsj vnetrjani
cajbct pneucce. OLG jej fcpct kne`cfj armeja cpcbjic fjsnrtcj fnedce
 pneycajt-pneycajt snpnrtj0 ljpnrtnesj, pneycajt actub `cetued, acrfjmkjmpctj,
fce icje-icje. OLG `udc fcpct kne`cfj amefjsj caut fce bnrankbced snocrc
tjbc-tjbc pcfc kjmacrf jegcra.

Xneycajt acrfjmvcsauinr snpnrtj snrcedce `cetued, strman, dcdci `cetued,

ancbemrkcice jrckc `cetued, knrupcace pneynbcb utckc fcrj bceyca
ankctjce fj fuejc, snajtcr 3? `utc `jwc knicyced tjcp tclueeyc, fce cedac
tnrsnbut tnrus knejedact (Kcrouk, 288<). OLG (Omednstjvn Lncrt Gcjiurn) 
Gcjiurn) 
ctcu dcdci `cetued amednstjg, kneynrced inbjl fcrj 7 `utc `jwc fj Cknrjac utcrc
fce pneycajt jej kne`cfj pneynbcb ukuk lmspjtcijscsj fcrj pcsjne fj ctcs 7>
tclue (O-Lncitl, 288<). Dcdci `cetued amednstjg cfcicl suctu ancfcce fj kcec
guedsj `cetued snbcdcj pmkpc fcrcl yced knefjstrjbusjace masjdne an sniurul
tubul tjfca fcpct knkneulj anbutulce snocrc cfnauct (KnfjojenEnt,

288<).Kcejgnstcsj aijejs tnrburua yced fcpct tnr`cfj pcfc dcdci `cetued

>
 

amednstjg cfcicl nfnkc pcru, yced tnr`cfj acrnec cfceyc pnejedactce ocjrce
 pcfc pcru snbcdcj cajbct fcrj aninkclce fcrj acpjinr pcru kneu`u an
jetnrsjsjuk fce civnmij (nKnfjojen, 288<).Dn`cic ukuk fcrj dcdci `cetued

amednstjg cfcicl ansuijtce bnrecgcs antjac kcick lcrj ctcu antjac bnrbcrjed,
 bctua, inkcl, inacs inicl, ecgcs yced pnefna, fce cfceyc bnedaca pcfc fcnrcl
acaj.
Vjeddjeyc cedac pnefnrjtc dcdci `cetued amednstjg fj fuejc kneue`uaace
 pnedntcluce kcsycrcact knednecj pneycajt jej kcsjl aurced.Xmic ljfup yced
tjfca snlct kne`cfj gcatmr utckc bcdj tubul rnetce tnranec pneycajt
acrfjmvcsauicr. _nicje jtu, bnrfcscrace crtjani pcfc tceddci 27 Cdustus 288<
 @mureci mg tln Cknrjoce Omiindn mg Ocrfjmimdy (@COO)kneyctcace
(@COO)kneyctcace pmiusj
ufcrc knkjijaj ngna tmasja bcja `cedac pce`ced kcupue `cedac pce`ced. Ngna

tmasja jej fcpct knrusca `cetued, pnkbuiul fcrcl, snrtc fcpct knejdactace
cedac lmspjtcijscsj fcrj pneycajt `cetued, bclace fcpct kneynbcbace ankctjce
(Cemejk, 288<).
Ancfcce jej fjpnrpcrcl fnedce pmic kcace anbceycace kcsycrcact fj fuejc
yced `cul fcrj snlct.Amesuksj kcacece gcst gmmf yced snkcaje tjeddj fjsnrtcj
kjeukce bnrsmfc fce bnrbcdcj kjeukce tca snlct icjeeyc
icj eeyc knkjijaj cefji yced
ouaup bnscr fcick kneynbcbace dcedduce `cetued. Cpcicdj `jac tjfca
fjjkbcedj fnedce miclrcdc yced tnrctur, kcac prnvcinesjeyc cace kne`cfj
snkcaje bnrtckbcl.

OLG knrupcace pneynbcb tnrsnrjed icesjc fjrcwct fj rukcl scajt (Kjiinr,

fcick kcacicl _crj, 2832)._najtcr ?888 pnefufua Cknrjac knefnrjtc OLG.
Xcfc ukukeyc OLG fjfnrjtc icesjc yced bnrusjc >8 tclue, Jesjfne jej cace
tnrus bnrtckbcl sntjcp tclue pcfc icesjc bnrusjc fj ctcs >8 tclue (Crmemw nt
ci,fcick kcacicl _crj, 2832). Kneurut pnenijtjce, snbcdjce bnscr icesjc yced
fjfjcdemsjs OLG tjfca fcpct ljfup inbjl fcrj > tclue (Nbbnrsmin, Lnss, fcick
kcacicl _crj, 2832).
Fcick kcacicl jej knkbclcs OLG pcfc icesjc fjsnrtcj pnecedcece fce
csulce Anpnrcwctce pcfc pcsjne ice`ut usjc fnedce OLG

B.  Vu`uce Xneuijsce

7
 

3.  Kclcsjswc kckpu kne`nicsace pnednrtjce OLG.

2.  Kclcsjswc kckpu kne`nicsace pneynbcb OLG.
?.  Kclcsjswc kckpu kne`nicsace tcefc fce dn`cic OLG.

6.  Kclcsjswc kckpu kne`nicsace pctmgjsjmimdj OLG.

>.  Kclcsjswc kckpu kne`nicsace kcsjgnstcsj aijejs OLG.
7.  Kclcsjswc kckpu kne`nicsace pnknrjascce pneue`ced pcfc OLG.
4.  Kclcsjswc kckpu kne`nicsace pnectcicascecce pcsjne fnedce OLG.
<.  Kclcsjswc kckpu knicauace csulce anpnrcwctce pcfc pcsjne fnedce
OLG.

4
 

BCB JJ

XNKBCLC_CE

C. Cectmkj gjsjmimdj

3.  @cetued knrupcace mrdce kusouicr bnrmeddc yced bnetuaeyc krjp pyrckjf
fce tnrintca fj fcick pnrjocrfjuk fj knfjcstjeuk. @cetued knkjijaj tjdc
 pnrkuacce 0 gcojns
gc ojns stnremomstcijs,
stnremomstcij s, fjcplrcdkctjoc, fce bcsjs omrfjs. @cetued
fj bcdj minl snptc vnrtjoci kne`cfj nkpct ruced 0 ctrjuk fnxtruk, ctrjuk
sjejstruk, vnetrjouius fnxtnr, fce vnetrjouius sjejstnr.
c.  Crtrjuk fnxtrc tnrfjrj ctcs rmeddc utckc fce snbucl acetmed anoji,

curjouiic. Bcdjce ctrjuk fjcetnrjmr bnrfjefjed acscr ctcu trcbnauicsj

minl acrnec tnrsusue ctcu bnracs snrcbut, kusouiij pnotjectj yced
 bnr`cice kniciuj orjstci tnrkjecijs an curjouiic fnxtrc. Xcfc ctrjuk
fnxtruk bnrkucrc vnec ocvc supnrjmr fce vnec ocvc jegnrjmr, sjeus
omrmecrjns, fce vnec omrfjs kjejkcn. Mstjuk ctrjmvnetrjouicrn fnxtruk
tnrintca cetrnmr tnrlcfcp kucrc vnec ocvc jegnrjmr fce fj ijefuedj vcivc
trjouspjfcijs. Xcfc fnxtruk `udc tnrfcpct snptuk jetnrctrjcin yced
knkjsclace an fuc ctrjuk. Xcfc snptuk jejicl tnrfcpct gmssc mvcijs
yced knrupcace mbijtnrcsj fcrj gmrckne mvcin scct kcsjl `ceje. (_enii,

2887).

<
 

 b.  Wnetrjouius fnxtrc bnrlubuedce fnedce ctrjuk fnxtruk kniciuj mstjuk

ctrjmvnetrjouicrn fnxtruk fce fnedce trueous puikmecijs kniciuj mstjuk
trueous puikmecijs. _nwcatu knefnactj trueous puikmecijs rmeddc

 bnrubcl snpnrtj omrmed yced fj eckcace jeguefjbuiuk. Fjefjed

vnetrjani fnxtrc `cul inbjl tnbci fj bcefjed ctrjuk acrnec trcbnouic
ocrecn. Vrcbnouic jej tnrfjrj ctcs tjdc `nejs 0 kk. pcpjiicrns, trcbnouic
snptmkcrdjecijs (bnrjsj buefin ljss), fce rjdj yced kneme`mi. kk.
 pcpjiicrns fnedce vcivn trjpjfcijs
t rjpjfcijs fj lubuedace minl tcij
t cij gjbrmsc yced fj
snbut olmrfctnefjenc. (_enii, 2887).
o.  Ctrjuk sjejstrc knkjijaj fjefjed yced pcijed tjpjs fjcetcrc sniurul
 `cetued. Nkpct vnec puikmecins, fuc fcrj kcsjed-kcsjed pcru
 bnrkucrc pcfc fjefjed pmstnrjmr fce tjfca knkjijaj actup. Xmstjuk

ctrjmvnetrjouicrjs sjenstruk fj ijefuedj minl vcivc kjtrcijs. (_enii, 2887)

f.  Wnetrjouius sjejstrc bnrlubuedce fnedce ctrjuk sjentruk kniciuj
mstjuk ctrjm-vnetrjouicrjs yced fj ijefuedj vcivn ejtrcijs fce cmrtc
kniciuj mstnuk cmrtc yced fj ijefuedj vcivc cmrtc fjefjedeyc pcijed
tnbci fjcetcrc sniurul `cetued. Vnrfcpct trcbnouic ocrecn yced
 bnrankbced fnedce bcja, fuc
fuc bucl kk. pcpjiicrns yced bnscr, tcpj tjfca
tnrfcpct trcbnouic snptmkcrdjecijs. _enii, 2887).
B. Amesnp knfjs
3.  Fngjejsj

Anicjece prjknr pcfc dcdci `cetued cfcicl bnraurced fce ljicedeyc

snbcdjce guedsj kjmacrfjuk yced kneynbcbace pneuruece ourcl `cetued.
Cfc bnbnrcpc fngjsjnesj dcdci `cetued,eckue tjfca cfc scicl sctu pue
yced bnecr-bnecr fcpct knkucsace snkuc pcacr ctcu aijejsj yced
knecedcej kcscicl dcdci `cetued. Dcdci `cetued cfcicl suctu ancfcfce
antjac `cetued tjfca kckpu knkpnrtclceace sjrauicsj yced ouaup icdj
anbutulce tubul, knsajpue tnacece pnedjsjce vnec emrkci.Eckue,
fngjsjnesj-fngjsjnesj icje kneynbcbace bclwc dcdci `cetued buaceicl suctu
 pneycajt yced tnrbctcs pcfc sctu sjstnk mrdce, knicjeace suctu sjefrmk

aijejs cajbct anicjece `cetued yced fjtcefcj fnedce suctu bnetua

:
 

rnspmelnkmfjeckja,rneci,enurci fce lmrkmeci,snrtc suctu ancfcce

 pctmimdjs fjkcec anicjece guedsj `cetued kneynbcbace andcdcice `cetued
knkmkpc fcrcl uetua knkneulj anbutulce `crjedce, ctcu lceyc fcpct

knkneuljeyc fnedce knejedactace tnacece pnedjsjce.

_cct jej fjaneci bnbnrcpc jstjicl
jstji cl dcdci `cetued, ycjtu0
(c) Dcdci
Dcdci `cetued ajrj 0 tnrfcpct bnefuedce pcru,ljpmtnesj, fce vcsmametrjasj
 pnrjgnr fnedce pneuruece pnrgusj `crjedce.
(b) Dcdci
Dcdci `cetued acece0 fjtcefcj fnedce cfceyc nfnkc pnrjgnr,csjtns,fce
 pnejedactce tnacece vnec `uduicrjs.
`uduicrjs.
(o) Dcdci
Dcdci `cetued amednsjg 0 cfcicl dcbuedce anfuc dckbcrce tnrsnbut.
2.  Ntjmimdj
Dcdci `cetued cfcicl amkpijacsj yced pcijed snrjed fcrj sndcic `nejs

 pneycajt `cetued amednejtci kcupue yced fjfcpct. Knacejskn gjsjmimdjs

yced kneynbcbace dcdci `cetued kneocaup ancfcce-ancfcceyced
knejedactace bnbce cwci, bnbce caljr, ctcu kneurueace ametrcatjijtcs
kjmacrfjuk.
Ancfcce-ancfcce yced knejedactace bnbce cwci knijputj 0 rndurdjtcsj
cmrtc , ococt sputuk vnetrjani, fce bnbce caljr knejedact pcfc ancffce
fjkcec tnr`cfj stnejs cmrtc fce ljpnrtnesj sjstnkja. Ametrcatjijtcs
kjmacrfjuk fcpct kneurue pcfc jegcra
jegcra kjmacrfjuk fce acrfjmkjmpctj.
_nicje fcrj antjdc knacejskn gjsjmimdj yced kneynbcbace dcdci `cetued,

cfc-cfc gcatmr gjsjmimjs icje yced fcpct puic knedcajbctace `cetued dcdci
 bnanr`c snbcdcj pnkmkpc.
Gcatmr-gcatmr yced kneddceddu pnedjsjcce vnetrjani, snpnrtj stnemsjs
actub cetrjmvnetrjaurcsjs fcpct kneynbcbace dcdci `cetued. Ancfcce-
ancfcce snpnrtj pnrjacrfjtjs ametrjatjg fce pmecfn `cetued knedcajbctace
dcdci `cetued kniciuj dcbuedce bnbnrcpc ngna snpnrtj dcedduce pcfc
 pnedjsjce vnetrjani fce n`nasj vnetrjani. Fnedce fnkjajce, `nics snacij
 bclwc tjfca cfc sctupue knacejskn gjsjmimdjs ctcu dcbuedce bnrbcdcj
knacejskn yced yced bnrtceddued `cwcb ctcs tnr`cfjeyc dcdci `cetued.

38
 

Ngnatjvjvjtcs `cetued snbcdcj pmkpc fcpcrt fjpnedcrulj minl bnrbcdcj

dcedduce pctmgjsjmimdjs.
Gcatmr-gcatmr yced fcpct knkjou pnrankbcedce dcdci `cetued kniciuj

 pnenacece sjrauicsj yced knefcfcfca fcpct bnrupc0

bnrupc0
c.  Crjtkjc
 b.  jegnasj pcru-pcru
o.  nkbmij pcru-pcru.

Crjtkjc cace kneddceddu guedsj knacejs `cetued fnedce knedubcl

rcedscedce ijstrja yced knkuicj rnspme knacejs. Rnspme knacejs yced
tnrsjearmecsj fce ngnatjg tjfca cace fjlcsjiace tcepc cfceyc rjtkn `cetued
yced stcbji acrnec 0

c.  rnspme tubul tnrlcfcp jegnasj cace knkcasc `cetued uetua knkneulj
anbutulce tubul tnrlcfcp kntcbmijskn yced knejedact.
 b.  nkbmij pcru snocrc knefcfca cace knejedactace rnsjstnesj n`nasj
vnetrjani acece, snljeddc knkjou tnr`cfjeyc dcdci `cetued acece.

Fctc fcrj Grckjedlck kneue`uace bclwc ljpnrtnesj fnedce ctcu tcepc

 pneycajt jsankja knrupcace pneynbcb dcdci `cetued yced tnrbceyca.
_nbcijaeyc, pneycajt `cetued jsankja knrupcace pneynbcb dcdci `cetued
tnrbceyca fj Nrmpc. Xnrbnfcce jej kuedaje cajbcteyc pnrbnfcce fngjejsj,
 buace acrnec pnrbnfcce yced snsuedduleyc fjfcick pmpuicsj. _tufj icje fj
Jeddrjs `udc knkbuatjace pnetjedeyc pneycajt crtnrj amrmenr snbcdcj
 pneynbcb dcdci `cetued. _n`ukicl 63% aijne yced fcpct fjrcwct acrnec
dcdci `cetued knefnrjtc pneycajt `cetued jsankja, 27% fjcetcrceyc bcru
sc`c knefnrjtc jegcra kjmacrfjuk, 6:% fnedce jegcra kjmacrfjuk yced
tnicl ickc fjfnrjtc, fce 26% cedjec. Ljpnrtnesj fce acrfjmkjmpctj fjictcsj
kcsjed-kcsjed yced kne`cfj pneynbcb pcfc 7% fce 3% aijne.

Jegcra kjmacrfjuk caut snrjed kne`cfj pneontus tnr`cfjeyc dcdca

 `cetued._tufj Grckjedlck kneue`uace bclwc :% fcrj aijne yced bnrtclcp

ljfup ? tclu sntnicl jegcra cace knedcickj dcdci `cetued.Fcrj sniurul aijne

33
 

yced bnrtclce ljfup 38 tclu sntnicl sntnicl jegcra,lckmjr 2>% cace

knedcickj dcdci `cetued. Ekue, fctc jej fjfcpct snbniuk pnedduecce
trmkbmijsjs.Bnract anbnrlcsjice tnrcpj trmkbmijsjs fcpct knkpnrtclceace

guedsj vnetrjani ajrj, inbjl snfjajt aijne kuedaje cace knedcickj dcdci
 `cetued sntnicl snrcedce jegcra.

Anicedsuedce ljfup aijne dcdci `cetued bnrlubuedce nrct fnedce

 bnrcteyc amefjsj. Kmrtcijtcs tclue aijne fnedce dcdci `cetued bnrct inbjl
 bnscr fcrj >8%. _nfcedace aijne fnedce fnedce dcdci `cetued rjedce
knkpueycj kmrtcijtcs sctu tclue inbjl bnscr fcrj 38%(Bcii,3::7). Ocrc
yced pcijed bcja uetua knkpnrajrcace anicedsuedce
anicedsuedce ljfup aijne cfcicl
fnedce kneduaur fnrc`ct fjsguedsj vnetrjani ajrj, bcja bnrsjgct
icedused(kjscieyc grcasj n`nasj)kcupue tjfca icedsued(kjscieyc fnrc`ct
catjvcsj enurmlmrkme). _nicje jegcra kjmacrfjuk caut, fjcdemsc aijejs
dcdci `cetued `udc kneue`uace animkpma fnedce rnsjam yced inbjl bnrct.
_nacij aijne knefcpct pnedmbctce dcdci `cetued,kmrtcijtcs sctu tclue
knejedact 6 acij inbjl bnscr fjbcefjedace knrnac yced tjfca knknriuace
 pnedmbctce.

Fckpca dcdci `cetued tnrlcfcp kmrfjbjtcs `udc tnrdcetued pcfc

 bnrcteyc pneycajt. Aijne fnedce dcdci `cetued bnrct lceyc kuedaje
knicauace catjvjtcs yced scedct tnrbctcs.Aijne fnedce dcdci `cetued yced

inbjl rjedce pue lcrus knkbctcsj catjvjtcs gjsjaeyc. _nacij aijne knefnrjtc
dcdci `cetued, ankufjce jc cace siciu knkpueycj acpcsjtcs ictjlce yced
kneurue, knsajpue fnedce cfceyc pnedmbctce kmfnre.

Fnedce pnednoucijce jegcra kjmacrf, dcdi `cetued knkpueycj

knkpueycj fckpca
yed inbjl bnscr tnrlcfcp pcefcedce aijne tnetced anfjakckpuce
fjbcefjedae pneycajt acrfjmvcsauinr icje tnrkcsua cdjec fce
ljpnrtnesj,.Dcdci `cetued bclace knkpueycj fckpca yced inbjl bnscr
fjbcefjedace pneycajt-pneycajt armemjs eme acrfjmvcsauinr, kjscieyc0
fjcbntns, pneycajt pcru,fce pneycajt pnrneonrecce armejs.

32
 

?.  Xctmgjsjmimdj
Bjic ocfcedce `cetued uetua bnrnspme tnrlcfcp strns tufca cfnauct fcick
knkneulj anbutulce kntcbmija tubul, kcac `cetued dcdci uetua

knicauace tudcseyc snbcdcj pmkpc cajbcteyc tnr`cfjic dcdci `cetued . @udc

 pcfc tjedact cwci, fjsguedsj amkpmene pmkpc fcpct knedcajbctace
andcdcice. @jac ocfcedce `ectued emrkci knedcickj pcycl fce andcdcice
rnspme gjsjmimdjs tnrtnetu pcfc pneuruece ourcl `cetued cfcicl pnetjed.
_nkuc rnspme jej kneue`uace upcyc tubul uetua knkpnrtclceace
 pnrguedsj mrdce vjtci emrkci._nbcdcj rnspme tnrlcfcp dcdci `cetued, fc tjdc
knacejskn rnspme prjknr.
c.  Knejedacteyc catjvjtcs cfrnenrdja sjkpctjs.
 b.  Knejedacteyc bnbce cwci cajbct catjvcsj enurulmrkme.

o.  Ljpnrtrmpj vnetrjani.

Antjac rnspme jej kneonrkjeace usclc uetua knkpnrtclceceace ourcl

 `cetued. Knacejskn-knacejskn jej kuedaje knkcfcj uetua
knkpnrlceace ourcl `ectued pcfc tjedcat emrkci ctcu Lkpjr emrkci pfc
dcdci `cetued fjej fce pcfc ancfcce jstjrclct.Cace tntcpj, anicjece pcfc
anr`c vnetrjani fce kneurueeyc ourcl `cetued bjmcsceyc tckpca pcfc
ancfcce bnrcatjvjtcs.Fnedce bnrice`uteyc dcdci `cetued, kcac amkpnescsj
cace kne`cfj snkcaje aurced ngnatjg.

c.  Knejedacteyc Catjvjtcs Cfrnenrdja _jkpctjs

Kneurueeyc ourcl snouaup pcf dcdci `cetued cace knedcajbtcace
rnspme sjkpctjs amkpnesctmrja.Knejedacteeyc catjvjtcs cfrnecrdja
 `cetued fce knfuic cfrneci. Fneyut `cetued cace knejedact snocrc
kcasjkci uetua knkpnrtclceace ourcl `cetued.@udc tnr`cfj
vcsmametrjasj crtnrj pnrjgnr uetua knestcbjiace tnacece crtnrj fce
rnfjstrjbusj vmiukn fcrcl fnedceknedurcedj ccijrce fcrcl an mrdce-
mrdce yced rnefcl kntcbmijskneyc (snpnrtj auijt fce dje`ci) cdcr
 pnrguedsj an`cetued fce mtca fcpt fjprtclceace. Wnemametrjasj cace

3?
 

knejedactace cijrce bcija vnec ansjsj acece `cetued, uetja snice`uteyc

kneckbcl anauctce ametrcasj snsucj fnedce luauk stcrijed.
_npnrtj yced fjlcrcpace, acfr antcbmickje yced bnrnfcr cace

knejedact pcfc dcdci `cetued,tnrutckc snick ictjlce. @cetued cace

snkcaje bnrdcetued pcf actnickje yced bnrnfcr fcick sjrauicsj uetua
knkpnrtcleace anr`c vnetrjani.Eckue, pcfc caljreyc rnspme
kjmacrfjuk tnrlcfcp rcedscedce sjkpctjs cace kneurue.Actnamickje
cace bnraurced pnedcruleyc tnrlcfcp anr`c vnetrjani.
Fcick ancfcce emrkci, actnamickje fcpct knejkbuiace ngna
jemtrmpja pmsjtjg tnrlcfcp vnetrjani,knednsnr aurvc anctcs fce anajrj.
Fnedec bnraurcedeyc rnspme vnetrjani yced dcdci tnrlcfcp rcedscedce
actnamickje, kcac fnrc`ct pnrdnsnrce snbcdcj rnspme tnrlcfcp

 pnrcedscedce `udc bnraurced. Xcfc ancfcce dcdci `cetued, bcrmrnsnptmr

fjcatjvcsj snljeddc kneynbcbace pnejedactcek catjvjtcs sjkpctjs pcfc
 `cetued,dje`ci, fce pnkbuiul fcrcl pnrjgnr.Cedjmtnesj JJ fcpct
kneynbcbace kcaje knejedacteyc catjvjtcs sjkpctjs tnrsnbut.
Catjvjtcs yced
yced bnrinbjlce fcrj sjstnk scrcg sjkpctjs kneynbcbace
kneynbcbace
 pnejedactce acfcr emrcfrnecije picskc._nbcdcj cajbcteyc tnr`cfj
vcsmametrjasj,tcajacrfjc,snrtc rntnesj dcrck fce cjr. Catjvjtcs sjkpctjs
yced bnrinbjlce `udc fcpct kneynbcbace enarmsjs sni mtmt
 `cetued.Xnrubclce jej fcpct fjlubuedace fnedce mbsnrvcsj yced

kneue`uace bclwc pneyjkpcece enrmprjengrje pcfc kjmacrfjuk

kne`cfj bnraurced pcfc dcdci `cetued armejs.
Xnedcrul catjvjtcs sjkpctjs fcpt fjaurcedje minl pneuruece(fmwe-
rnduicsjme)rnsnptmr cfrnemdja.Eckue, lci jej fcpct kneynbcbace
fjsguedsj bcrmrnsnptmr fce snice`uteyc knejedactace ankbcij catjvjtcs
sjkpctjs. Emrcfrnecije pciskc fjnasarnsj tnrutckc fjdje`ci.Xcfc dcdi
 `cetued tnr`cfj pneuruece gjitrcsj diuknruius, snljeddc tnr`cfj
 pneuruece nasarnsj fnedce cajbct pnejedactce
pnejedactce emrcfrnecije picskc.

36
 

Xnedlckbct CON kneynbcbace pneuruece acfcr emrcfrnceije picskc

fce knednkbcijace rngina sjkpctjs an ancfcce emrkci.Lci jej fcpct
fjsnbcbace minl pnejedatce (up-rnduicsjme)rnsnptmr cfrnenrdja.

 b.  Xnejedactce Bnbce Cwci Kniciuj _jstnk RRC

Catjvjtcs sjstnk rneje-cedjmtnesj-cifmstnrme(_RRC)keynbcbace
rntnesj ectrjuk fce cjr minl dje`c,k,nejedactace vmiukn vnetrjani, snrtc
rndcedce snrcbut.Xnejedactce bnbce cwci jej cace kneckbcl
ametrcatjijtcs kjmacrfjuk snsucj fnedce luauk stcrijed. Knacejskn
 pcstj yced knedcajbctace catjvjtcs sjstnk rneje-cedjmtnesj-cifmstnrme
 pcfc dcdci `cetued kcsjl bniuk `nics.Eckue, bnbnrcpc gcatmr tnicl
fjpnrajrcace, cetcrc icje pnrcedscedce sjspctjs cfrnenrdja pcfc rnsnptmr
 bntc fjfcick cpcrctus `uastcdimknrurus,rnspme rnsnptmr kcauic fnesc

tnrlcfcp pnrubcle pninpcsce ectrjuk pcfc tubuius fjstci,snrtc rnspme

 bcrnrnsnptmr tnrlcfcp pnrubclce vmiukn fce tnacece fcrcl yced
 bnrsjauicsj.
_RCC bnrtu`uce uetua kne`cdc ansnjkbcedce ocjrce fce ninatrmijt
yced cfnauct snrtc knkpnrtclceace tnacece fcrcl (ijlct Gjdur 6.6).
Rneje (nezjk yced fjsnarnsjace minl sni-sni `uxtcdimknruius, yced
tnrintca tnrbctcs fnedce crtnrjmi rnece cgnrne fce bnrsnbniclce fnedce
kcauic fnesn pcfc tubuius fjstci) cfcicl nezjk yced knedubcl cedjjm
tnesjemdne (snbcdjce bnscr bnrcsci fcrj lctj) kne`cfj cedjm tnesjk J.

Rneje cace knknoclace nkpct csck ckjem fcrj cedjmtnesjemdne

fcick sjrauicsj, suctu prnaursmr cedjmtnesjk pnptjfc yced fjlcsjiace
minl lctj, knkbnetua
knkbnetua cedjmtnesje J,
J, suctu sneycwc bjmimdjs fnac
 pnptjfc.
Cedjmtnesjk amevnrtjk nezykn(CON) yced tnrjact pcfc knkbrcen
 picskn sni nefmtni cace knknoclace fuc csck ckjem
c kjem fce cedjmtnesjk J
knkbnetua cedjmtnesjk JJ. Cedjmtnesjk JJ knkjijaj bnbnrcpc guedsj
 pnetjed uetua knknijlcrc lmknmstctjs sjrauicsj, tnrkcsua amestrjasj
crtnrjmr pcfc dje`ci fce sjrauicsj sjstnkja, snrtc rncbsmrbsj ectrjuk pfc

 bcdjce prmasjkci fcrj engrme. Cedjmtnesjk JJ `udc

`u dc knestjkuicsj amrtnas

3>
 

Cfrneci uetua knesnarnsj cfmstnrme, yced cace knrcedsced rncbsmrbsj

ectrtjuk (fcick pnrtuacrce fnedce acijuk) pcfc bcdjce fjstci fcrj
engrme, snrtc fjusus bnscr, anine`cr cjr iufcl fce anine`cr anrjedct. Rneje

fjnarnsj pcfc ancfcce kneurueeyc tnacece fcrcl, anaurcedce ectrjuk

fce pnejedactce catjvjtcs sjkpctjs dje`ci (stnplne D. Bcii nt ci, 3::7).
Cedjmtnesjk J snbcdjce bnscr fjubcl fj pcru-pcru kne`cfj
cedjmtnesjk JJ, suctu zct prnsmr yced pctne minl cedjmtnesje omevnrtjed
nezykn(CON). CON `udc fcpct knknocl brcajeje fce bnanr`c pcfc
sn`ukicl pnptjfc icje. Cedjmtnesje JJ fjpnocl snocrc onpct minl nezjk
eme-spnsjgja yced fjsnbut cedjmtnesjecsn. Cedjmtnesje JJ knkndced
 pnrce utckc scick _RCC acrnec knejedact ace tnacece fcrcl fnedce
 bnbnrcpc kcock ocrc snpnrtj 0 vcsmametrjasj, rntnesj dcrck fce ocjrce,

snrtc tcajacrfjc. Ngna-ngna jej bnanr`c snocrc icedsued kcupue tjfca

icedsued knciuj sjstnk scrcg sjkpctjs, cetjfjurntja lmrkmen(CFL),
cfmstnrme, ctcu pnedlckbct vcdci.
Cedjmtnesj JJ knkpueycj pnedcrul yced pnetjed nrlcfcp sni mtmt
 `cetued fce fcpct knknedcrulj pmic rnkmfniijed `cetued sntnicl jegrca
kjmacrf. Cifmstnrme kneynbcbace rntnesj ectrjuk fce cjr snrtc
knejedactace narnsj acijuk. Cifmstnrme kneynbcbace ectrjuk jetrc
sniuicr fce fcpct kneynbcbace pneuruece amkpijceon pcru, yced
knrupcace acrcatnrjstja dcdci `cetued . amednstj ltj ctcu pneuruece

cijrce fcrcl cace kneynbcbace acfcr cidmstnrme tntcp tjeddj acrnec

cifmstnrme fjpnocl fjlctj. Cfc bnbnrcpc knacejskn ukpce bcija yced
 bnrjetnrcasj uetua knednefcijace catjvjtcs _RCC. Cedjmtnesje JJ
knknkdced pnrce pnetjed pcfc knacejskn jej. Cedjmtnesje JJ fcpct
kneynbcbace ukpce bcija endctjg tnrlcfcp snarnsj rneje, bcja snocrc
icedsued kcupue tjfca icedsued kniciuj catjvcsj pnptjfc ectrjukintja
ctrjci (XEC), pnejedactce catjvcsj vcdci kcupue pnejedactce tnacece
fcrcl. Cedjtnesje JJ `udc bnanr`c pcfc knacejskn ukpce bcija pmsjtjg
uetua knrcedsced prmfuasj cedjmtnesjemdne. XEC fjsnarnsj minl `cetued

anfcick sjrauicsj (gjdur6.6). pninpcsce snarnsj tnrutckc fjpnedcrulj minl

37
 

 pnejedactce tnacece pcfc fjefjed ctrjuk ctcu vnetrjani, bjcsceyc cajbct

 pnejedactce tnacece pnedjsjce ctrjuk XEC kneynbcbace fjictcsj fcrj
crtnrj yced knedcickj amestrjasj cajbct enurmlmrkme icje snrtc

knejedactace nasarnsj dcrck fce cjr. Xcfc dcdci `cetued,ngna

vcsmfjictcsj jej fj aciclaceminl ngna vcsmamestrjasj lmrkme-lmrkme
icje,snljeddc guedsj-guedsj yced bnrkcegcct fcrj dje`ci kne`cfj ljiced.
Xnedlckbct CON kneurueace tnacece ctrjuk snljeddc kneurueace
acfcr XEC.
Xcfc dcdci `cetued,snarnsj CFL aurced bnrnspmes tnrlcfcp
 pnrubclce mskmicrjtcs picskc.Cedjmtnesjs JJ kuedaje kne`cfj stjkuius
 pnetjed tnrlcfcp snarnsj CFL. Dmimedce mbct pnedlckbct CON
kneynbcbace pneuruece acfcr CFL. Acfcr CFL yced scedct tjeddj

cfcicl dckbcrce ukuk yced tnrfcpct pcfc dcdci `cetued yced fj mbctj
fnedce fjurntja fce fcpct kneynbcbace ljpmecrnkjc. Xcfc dcdci `cetued
yced bnrct,dcbuedce amednstj vnec sjstnkja fce kneurueyc pnrgusj lctj
cace kneddceddu kntcbmijskn cifmstnrme fj lctj,snljeddc acfcreyc
caceknejedact fcick fcrcl. Acfcr lmrkme cetjfjurntja `udc cace
knejedact pcfc dcdci `cetued yced bnrct,yced snice`uteyc cace
knejedactace cbsmrbsj cjr pcfc fuatus pnedukpui.
_nocrc alusus, catjvcsj sjstnk rneje-cedjmtnesje-cifmstnrme (_RCC)
fce sjstnk scrcg sjkpctjs,snrtc pnejedactce acfcr pnptjfc ectrjurntja

ctrjci (XEC) knkndced pnrce pnetjed fcick an`cfjce fce pnrankbcedce

dcdci `cetued.
o.  Ljpnrtrmgj vnetrjani
Rnspme tnrlcfcp andcdcice `cetued icjeeyc cfcicl ljpnrtrmvj
kjmacrfjuk ctcu bnrtckbcleyc tnbci fjefjed. Ljpnrtrmgj knejedactace
 `ukicl scramknr fcick sni-sni kjmacrfjuk, bnrdcetued pcfc `nejs
 bnbcelnkmfjeckja yced knedcajbctac dcdci `cetued. _cramknr fcpct
 bnrtckbcl snocrc pcrcini ctcu snrjci.
Xmic tnr`cfjeyc ljprtrmgj vnetrjani snocrc guedsjmeci knrupcace

rnsrmes snocrc rnkmfniijed fj kcec pcfc `cetued tnr`cfj snbcdcj rnspmes

34
 

tnrlcfcp bnrbcdcj kcock rcedscedce tnrsnbut cetcrc icje fj snbcbace lci

fj bcwcl jej 0
3)  Mvnrimcf tnacece, kjscieyc ljpnrtnesj fce stnemsjs cmrtc.

Rnkmfniijed `cetued tnrbnetua pcfc ancfcce jej fnedce tu`uce cdcr

vnetrjani ajrj fcpct knedlcsjiace tnacece tjeddj yced fj butulace
uetua knedctcsj pnejedactce jkpnfcesj cijrce. Rnkmfnijed fcpct
tnrocpj fnedce pnejedactce `ukicl kjmgjbrji pcrcini, yced ankufjce
kneynbcbace pnejedactce antnbcice fjefjed vnetrjani. Fnedce
fnkjajce fcpct fj tjkbuiace antndcedce fjefjed fce tnacece
jetrcvnetrjani yced inbjl bnscr minl tjcp kjmgjbrji fnedce
knednkbcedace antndcedce yced sckc snpnrtj snbniukeyc.
@cfj,mvnrimcf tnacece kneynbcbace pnejedactce antnbcice fjefjed

vnetrjani ajrj yced bjcsceyc fj snbut ljpnrtrmgj amesnetrja.

2)  Mvnrimcf vmiukn, kjscieyc ancfcce ourcl `cetued yced tjeddj.
_npnrtj pcfc pneycajt pcdnt,bnrj-bnrj,cenkjc,rndurdjtcsjactup,fce
 pjrcu jetrcacrfjca. Rnkmfniijed `cetued tnr`cfj cdcr fcpct fj
lcsjiacejsj snaueoup yced bnscr. Vjcp scramknr knkpueycj `crca
 pnknefnace pueoca yced tnrbctcs,snljeddc pnejedactce jsj snaueoup
fj ocpcj fnedce pnejedactce `ukicl scramknr snrj,yced cace
kneynbcbace pnejedactce vmiukn vnetrjani. Xninbcrce jej
knkbutulace pninbcrce fjefjed yced bnscr cdcr fcpct knejkbuiace

tnacece jetrcvnetrjani yced sckc snljeddc knkbutulace mnejedactce

 `ukicl kjmgjbrji pcrcini. _nbcdcj cajbcteyc, tnr`cfj pnejedactce
antnbcice fjefjed vnetrjani ajrj. @cfj mvnrimcf vmiukn kneynbcbace
 pninbcrce ruced fce kjmgjbrji pcrcini, yced ankufjce kneynbcbace
 pnejedactce antnbcice fjefjed vnetrjani. Fnedce fnkjajce fcpct fj
tjkbuiace antndcedce fjefjed fce tnacece jetrcvnetrjani yced inbjl
 bnscr minl tjcp kjmgjbrji fnedce knednkbcedace antndcedce yced
sckc snpnrtj snbniukeyc. @cfj mvnrimcf tnacece kneynbcbace
 pnejedactce antnbcice fjefjed vnetrjani ajrj. Zced bjcsceyc fj snbut

ljpnrtrmgj amesnetrja.

3<
 

6.  Xctlwny

Kcigmrkcsj amednejtci Ljpnrtnesj Cbemrkcijtcs `cetued

Vnacece `cetued Cgtnrimcf Ametrcatjijtcs `cetued

Ljpnrtrmpj `cetued Bnbce `cetued _jrauicsj sjstnkja

Ljpnrtrmpj snrcbut mtmt

Andcdcice knacejskn
 `cetued
 pnkmkpcce
 pnkmkpc ce fce
 pneuruece
Knacejskn amkpnescsj

ametrcatjijtcs

Dcdci `cetued

Dcdci `cetued ajrj

Andcdcice knkmkpc F
fcrcl an sjstnkja vn

@
Ljpmasjc Xneukpuace fcrcl fj
Xneukpuace
cecscrac fce pcru
Vnacece puikmeci
Ametrcatjijtcs `cetued Kntcbmijskn cecnrmb
Xnrpjefclce ocjrce
jetrcsni an jetnrstjtjci Vrcesufcsj ocjrce
Xneuruece ocrfjco CVX (nfnkc pcru)
mutput
Aninbjlce vmiukn
gctjqun ocjrce Naspcesj pcru

Jetminrcesj catjvjtcs Vjkbui pcfc

_nsca ecpcs
kcick lcrj

Xmic ecgcs tjfca

Dcedduce pmic tjfur
ngnatjg

3:
 

>.  Kcejgnstcsj Aijejs

Kcejgnstcsj aijejs dcdci `cetued snocrc ansniurulce scedct bnrdcetued pcfc
ntjmimdjeyc. Eckue, kcejgnstcsj tnrsnbut fcpct fjdckbcrace snbcdcj
 bnrjaut0
c.  Knejedacteyc vmiukn jetrcvcsauinr.
 b.  Amednstjg `crjedce cajbct tnacece crtnrj fce vnec knejedact.

o.  Nfnkc pcru cajbct pnejedactce tnacece vnec puikmecijs, snljeddc

ocjrce knedcijr fcrj acpjinr pcru an civnmij, yced fjkcejgnstcsjace
fnedce bctua fce ecgcs pnefna.
f.  Nfnkc pnrjgnr ukuk fce pneckbclce bnrct bcfce cajbct tnace sjstnkja.
n.  Vurueeyc ourcl `cetued cajbct fcrcl tjfca fcpct kneocpcj `crjedce fce
mrdce.
g.  Vnacece pnrgusj dje`ci kneurue snljeddc knedcajbctace tnr`cfjeyc
 pninpcsce rneje fcrj dje`ci, yced pcfc djijrceeyc cace kneynbcbace
snarnsj cifmstmrme, rntnesj ectrjuk, fce ocjrce, snrtc pnejedactce vmiukn

jetrcvcsauinr.
d.  Vnkpct amednstjg tnrdcetued fcrj vnetrjani yced tnrijbct, kjscieyc
fjsguedsj vnetrjani ajrj ctcu dcdci `cetued ajrj.
7.  Aicsjgjacsj
Dcdci `cetued bjcsceyc fjdmimedace kneurut fnrc`ct ctcu bnrcteyc dn`cic
snpnrtj aicsjgjacsj kneurut Enw Zmra Lncrf Cssmojctjme (EZLC).
Aicsjgjacsj tnrsnbut fjduecace snocrc iucs fjfuejc jetnrecsjmeci uetua
knednimkpmace dcdci `cetued.
Dcdci `cetued rjedce,snfced,fce
rjedce,snfced,fce bnrct fjtnetuace bnrfcscreyc bnrcteyc
bnrcteyc

dn`cic alusueyc snsca ecgcs (fjspenc). Knsajpje aicsjgjacsj jej bnrduec

28
 

uetua knenetuace tjedact antjfcakckpuce gjsja fce bnrcteyc dn`cic,eckue

 pnkbcdjce tnrsnbut tjfca fcpct fjduecace uetua
uetua anpnriuce icje.

VCBNI AIC_JGJAC_J DCDCI @CEV^ED KNE^R^V EZLC

ANIC_ FNGJEJ_J J_VJICL

J Aijne fnedce anicjece `cetued tntcpj tcepc Fjsguedsj
 pnkbctcsce catjvjtcs gjsja vnetrjani ajrj
yced
csjktmkctja
JJ Aijne fnedce anicjece `cetued yced kneynbcbace Dcdci `cetued
snfjajt pnkbctcsce catjvjtcs gjsja rjedce
JJJ Aijne fnedce anicjece `cetued yced kneynbcbace Dcdci `cetued

 bceyca pnkbctcsce catjvjtcs gjsja snfced

JW Aijne fnedce anicjece `cetued yced sndcic bnetua Dcdci `cetued
catjvjtcs gjsjaeyc cace kneynbcbace aniulce  bnrct

4.  Xnectcicascecce
Rnspme gjsjmimdj pcfc dcdci `cetued knrupcace fcscr rcsjmeci uetua
kninauace tjefcace scscrce pnectcicascecce dcdci `cetued amednstjg cfcicl
uetua kneurueace anr`c `cetued knejedactace ourcl `cetued fce
ametrcatjijtcs kjmacrf,snrtc uetua kneurueace rntnesj duic fce cjr.
c.  Xnkbnrjce masjdne tnrutckc pcfc aijne dcdci `cetued fjsnrtcj fnedce
nfnkc pcru pnkbnrjce masjdne cace knedurcedj anbutulce kjmacrfjuk
fce knkbcetu knneulj anbutulce masjdne tubul
 b.  Vnrcpj Ejtrct Fce Wcsmfjictmr.
Xnkbnrjce ejtrct bcja snocrc caut kcupue armejs tnicl fj fuaued
fcick pnectcicascecce dcdci `cetued fnedce kneynbcbace vcsmfjictcsj
 pnrjgnr `cetued fj ueimcfnc .pneuruece ourcl `cetued ice`ut,pneuruece
 puikmecry crtnry wnfdn prnssurn pneduaurce kneue`uace fnrc`ct

23
 

amednstj vcsauicr puikmeci fce bnrcteyc dcdci vnetrjani ajrj snrtc

 pneuruec pcfc amesuksj masjdne
masjdne kjmacrf.
^etua tnrcpj jej tnicl fj antcluj bnrkcegcct pcfc dcdci rjedce sckpcj

snfced snrtc dcdci puikmeci caut bnrlubuedce fnedce jegcra kjmacrf

dcdci vnetrjani ajrj yced sut tnicl armejs fce andcdcice yced
 bnrlubuedce fnedce rndurdjtcsj kjtrci bcrct.
_cct jej tnrcpj vcsmfjictmr pcrnetci knkbnrjace pcetcuce
lnkmfjeckja yced caurce fcrj tnacece jrjsce crtnrj fce puikmeci pcfc
crtnrj fce actntnr snrtc pnedduecce pmkpc jegus uetua kcejtrcsj fnedce
fmsjs yced fjbnjace ejtrmpusjt lcrus fj duecace pcfc pnrwctce. Vnrcpj
ejtrct pce`ced bjcsceyc fjbnrjace fnedce scinp ejtrmdijsnrje bnbnrcpc
aijne yced knenrjkc fnedce kcasjkci fcrj tnrcpj bnetua icje uetua

dcdci vnetrjani ajrj tnicl knkbcja fnedce bcetuce vcsmfjictmr tnrcpj

ejtrct `cedac pce`ced tjfca lceyc knedljicedace dn`cic tntcpj
knkpnrbcjaj prmdemsjs dcdci `cetued pnrubclce anr`c `cetued fnedce
kneurueace fce cgnrimcf fjjefjacsjace pcfc dcdci `cetued fce pcfc
wcatueyc knkuedajeace anscfcrce mbct-mbctce yced knejedactace
anr`c ametrcasj kjmacrf cdne jemtrmpja kcsjl fjicauace cict tnrcpntja
 pnetjed.
o.  Fjurntja
Vjrcl bcrjed pnkbctcsce dcrck fce cjr snrtc fjurntja bcja mrci ctcu

 pcrjnetci kneurueace prnimcf fce anr`c `cetued fjurntja knkjijaj ngna

cetjljpnrtnesj fnedce fjjautace pninpcsce cjr fce dcrck ectrjuk lci jej
fcpct kneynbcbace pneuruece vmiukn fce knrnefclace tnacece fcrcl
 `jac dcrck ectrjuk fjtclce cjr `uac cace tnrtclce fce fcrcl cace
knejedact bceyca fjurntja kneynbcbace pninpcsce ninatrmijt ninatrmijt
tnrkcsua acijuk ,kcdensjuk,aimrjfc,fce bmacrbmect fjurntja yced
knejedactace acijuk fjdmimedce snbcdcj fjurntja yced tjfca kneclce
acijuk fce fjurntja yced fcrj acijuk fjsnbut fjurntja lnkct acijuk.
f.  Fjurntja auct

22
 

Fjurntja auct bnanr`c pcfc cesc lnein fnedce knedlckbct trcespmrt

aimrjfc fce ectrjuk an fcick sjrauicsj .dcrck ectrjuk fce aniucr
 bnrsckc acijuk ,acisjuk,kcdensjuk mbct mbct fcick dmimedce jej mbct

 pctne fce kneynbcbace

Xneuruece `ukicl cjr fce ninatrmijt fcick `ukicl bnscr ngna yced
auct bnrdcetued pcfc fmsjs yced fjbnrjace ycjtu fnedce knejedactaceyc
kcac ngna fce rnspme mbct jej `udc knejedact jejicl knedcpc dmimedce
mbct jej `udc fjsnbct fjurntja auct.
Gcrkcamajentja .fjurntja onpct knrupcace mbct yced onpct fj cbsmrbsj
fj sciurce pneorecce mbct mbct jej knrupcace mbct yced bnracjtce fnedce
 prmtnje yced scedct tjeddj fnedce snpcrul yced bnrvcrjcsj fcrj ?8knejt
sckpcj 3,>`ck fjurntja auct bnrimkbc uetua knefcpctace tnkpct jactce

 prmtnje fnedce mbct mbct yced

yced bnracjtce fnedce prmtnje tjeddj je
Gcrkcamfjeckja fjurutja auct knkjijaj ngna sciurntja yced bnscr
fcpct kneynbcbace fjurnsjs onpct wcatu cwci anr`c fjurntja tnr`cfj
sntnicl ?8-78 knejt anr`c bnetua gurmsnkjf jetrcvnec cfcicl > knejt.
Ngna sckpjed ngna sckpjed fce rncasj knrudjace yced pcijed snrjed
fj `ukpcj cfcicl antjfcasnjjkbcedce ninatrmijt fce ocjrce spnrtj
ljpmacisnkjc fce ljpmajmrnejc ljpm mrtmstctja fcpct tjkbui
trmkbmsjtmpnejc dcedduce auijt fce tuij snknetcrc `crced tnrijlct.
Jetnrcasj mbct jetnrcasj mbct yced pcijed utckc cfcicl fnedce prnpcrct

fjdjtcajs `jac knedduecace fjdmsje fnedce fjurntja auct bjsc tnr`cfj

anrcouece fjdjtcijs aijne knknriuace acijuk tckbclce kniciuj kcacece
ctcu mbct ljpmacinkjc knkpnrauct fjdmsje fce knejedactace rnsjam
anrcouece fjdjtcijs.
<.  Amkpijacsj
c.  Vrmkbmsjs vnec fcick, acrnec pnkbnetuace bnauce vnec acrnec stcsjs
fcrcl.
 b.  _yma Acrfjmdneja, cajbct fjsguedsj eyctc.
o.  Vmasjsjtcs fjdjtcijs cajbct pnkcacjce mbct-mbctce fjdjtcijs.

2?
 

f.  Nfnkc pcru, acrnec dcdci `cetued sjsj ajrj fce anruscace pcfc knkbrce
acpjinr pcru pcru.

O. Csulce Anpnrcwctce
3.  Xnedac`jce
c.  Xnedac`jce ^kuk

Dcdci `cetued cfcicl suctu sjefrmk aijejs yced fj tcefcj minl

sn`ukicl dn`cic fce tcefc, snrtc fj snbcbace minl bnrbcdcj anicjece
 `cetued, snpnrtj dcedduce jrckc `cetued, dcedduce nefmacrfjci,
 pnrjacrfjci,vcivuicr,ctcu kjmacrfjci. Anicjece kjmacrfjci fcpct bnrsjgct
sjstmija (bnrlubuedce fnedce ametrcasj fce pnedmsmedce vnetrjani), ctcu
amkbjecsj anfuceyc.

Xnedac`jce pcfc aijne fnedce dcdci `cetued knrupcace scicl sctu

cspna pnetjed fcick prmsns anpnrcwctce. Lci jej pnetjed pnetjed uetua
knrneocecace tjefcace snice`uteyc. Xnrcwct knedukpuiace fctc fcscr
knednecj jegmrkcsj stctus tnrajej aijne tnetced pnedac`jce sjstnk
acrfjmvcsauinr snbcdcj prjmrjtcs pnedac`jce. Xnedac`jce sjstnkctjs pcsjne
kneocaup rjwcyct snocrc ukuk snpnrtj 1 eynrj fcfc, suijt bnrecpcs
(fjspenc), pcipjtcsj,pjedsce (sjeamp), ctcu anrjedct fjedje (fjcgmrnsjs).
Kcsjed-kcsjed dn`cic lcrus fjnvciucsj wcatu fce furcsjeyc snrtc gcatmr

yced kneontusace fce yced knrjedceace.

 b.  Xnedac`jce Alusus

3)  Catjvjtcs/jstjrclct
c)  Dn`cic
Anintjlce/aniniclce tnrus knenrus snpce`ced lcrj, jesmkejc, eynrj
fcfc fnedce catjvjtcs, fjspenc pcfc scct jstjrclct.
 b)  Vcefc
Dnijscl, pnrubclce stctus knetci kjscieyc 0 intcrdj, tcefc vjtci
 bnrubcl pcfc catjvjtcs.

26
 

2)  _jrauicsj
c)  Dn`cic
Rjwcyct Ljpnrtnesj, Jegcra Kjmacrfjuk bcru/caut, npjsmfn Dcdci

@cetued amednstjg snbniukeyc, pneycajt `cetued , bnfcl `cetued ,

nefmacrfjtjs, cenkjc, syma snptjo, bnedaca pcfc acaj, tnicpca acaj,
cbfmkne.

 b)  Vcefc
VF acrnec kuedaje rnefcl (dcdci pnkmkpcce), Vnacece Ecfj 1
kuedaje snkpjt, Jrckc @cetued 1 Fjsrjtkjc, Grnaunesj `cetued 1
Vcajacrfjc. Bueyj `cetued 1 _? (dciimp) cfcicl fjcdemstja, _6 fcpct
tnr`cfj, _3 fce _2 kuedaje kninkc. Kurkur sjstmija fce fjcstmijo.

Tcrec 1 anbjruce, puoct cbu-cbu, sjcemsjs. Xueddued auau 1 puoct

ctcu sjcemtja fnedce pnedjsjce acpjinr ickbct. Lnpcr 1
 pnkbnscrce/fcpct tnrcbc.Bueyj ecpcs 1 arnanis, rmealj.Nfnkc 1
kuedaje fnpnefne, ukuk ctcu pjttjed alususeyc pcfc
nastrnkjtcs.
?)  Jetndrjtcs ndm
c)  Dn`cic
Cesjntcs, auctjr fce tcaut. _trns yced bnrlubuedce fnedce
 pneycajt/anpnrjlctjece gjecesjci (pnanr`cce/bjcyc pnrcwctce

knfjs).
 b)  Vcefc
Bnrbcdcj kcejgnstcsj pnrjicau, kjs 0 cesjntcs, kcrcl, antcautce fce
kufcl tnrsjeddued.
6)  Nijkjecsj
c)  Dn`cic
Xneuruece bnrankjl, urjen bnrwcec dnicp, bnrankjl kcick lcrj
(ematurjc), fjcrn/amestjpcsj.
>)  Kcacece/ocjrce

c)  Dn`cic

2>
 

Anljicedce ecgsu kcace, kuci/kuetcl, pneckbclce bnrct bcfce

sjdejgjace, pnkbnedacace pcfc nastrnkjtcs bcwcl, pcacjce/snpctu
tnrcsc snsca, fjnt tjeddj dcrck/kcacece yced tnicl fjprmsns fce

 pnedduecce fjurntjo.
 b)  Vcefc
Xneckbclce bnrct bcfce onpct fce fjstnesj cbfmkne (csjtns) snrtc
nfnkc (ukuk, fnpnefne, tnacece fce pjttjed).
7)  Lydjnen
c)  Dn`cic
Anintjlce/aninkclce, aniniclce snickc catjvjtcs Xnrcwctce fjrj.
 b)  Vcefc
Xneckpjice knecefcace anicicjce pnrcwctce pnrsmeci.

4)  Enurmsnesmrj
c)  Dn`cic
Aninkclce, pnejed, npjsmfn pjedsce.
 b)  Vcefc
Intcrdj, fjmrjnetcsj, pnrubclce pnrjicau fce kufcl tnrsjeddued.
<)  Eynrj/Aneyckcece
 Eynrj/Aneyckcece
c)  Dn`cic
 Eynrj fcfc, cedjec caut ctcu armejs, eynrj cbfmkne acece ctcs
ct cs fce
scajt pcfc mtmt.

 b)  Vcefc
Vjfca tneced, dnijscl, gmaus kneynkpjt fcepnrjicau knijefuedj
fjrj.
:)  Xnrecpcsce
c)  Dn`cic
Fjspenc scct catjvjtcs, tjfur sckbji fufua ctcu fnedce bnbnrcpc
 bcetci, bctua fnedce/tcepc pnkbnetuace sputuk, rjwcyct pneycajt
armejs, pnedduecce bcetuce pnrecpcsce.
 b)  Vcefc

27
 

Xnrecpcsce1 tcajpenc, ecpcs fcedaci, pnedduecce mtmt csnsmrj

 pnrecpcsce.Bctua0 Anrjed/eycrjed/eme prmfuatjg ctcu kuedaje
 bctua tnrus knenrus fnedce/tcepc pnkbnetuace sputuk._putuk 1

Kuedaje bnrsnku fcrcl, knrcl kufc/bnrbujl (nfnkc puikmeci).

Bueyj ecpcs 1 Kuedaje tjfca tnrfnedcr.Guedsj knetci1 Kuedaje
kneurue, andnijsclce, intcrdj. Tcrec auijt 1 Xuoct fce sjcemsjs.

38)  Anckcece
c)  Dn`cic
Xnrubclce fcick guedsj knetci, anljicedceanauctce/tmeus mtmt,
auijt inont.

33)  Jetnrcasj smojci

c)  Dn`cic
Xneuruece anjautsnrtcce fcick catjvjtcs smsjci yced bjcsc
fjicauace.
32)  Xnkbnic`crce/pnedc`crce
c)  Dn`cic
knedduecace/iupc knedduecace mbct-mbct `cetued, kjscieyc 0
 pneynact sciurce acisjuk.
 b)  Vcefc

Buatj tnetced antjfca bnrlcsjice uetua knejedactace.

o.  Aniulce utckc

Aniulce yced pcijed snrjed kne`cfj cicsce aijne uetua knkjetc
 pnrtmimedce ansnlctce knijputj fjspenc,aninkclce gjsja, fce nfkc
sjstnkctja.
3)  Fjspenc
Aniulce fjspenc ctcu snsca ecpcs knrupcace kcejgnstcsj amednstj
 puikmecijs snauefnr fcrj andcdcice vnetrjani fcick knicauace
ametrcatjijtcs snljeddc cace knedurcedj ourcl snaueoup. Fnedce

24
 

knejedacteyc IWFNX, kcac tnr`cfj puic pnejedactce tnacece ctrjuk

ajrj (ICX), acrnec ctrjuk fce vnetrjani bnrlubuedce icedsued snickc
fjstmin. Xnejedactce ICX fj tnrusace an bnicaced kcsua an fcick

ceyckce vcsauicr pcru-pcru,knejedactace tnacece acpjinr,fce vnec

 pcru-pcru.
@jac tnacece ljfrmstctja fcrj ceyckce acpjinr pcru-pcru kninbjlj
tnacece meamtja vcsauicr,kcac cace tnr`cfj trcesufcsj ocjrce an fcick
jetnrsjtjsjci. @jac anonpctce trcesufcsj ocjrce kninbjlj anonpctce
frcjecsn ijkgctja, kcac cace tnr`cfj nfnkc jetnrstjsjci. Xnejedactce
tnacece inbjl ice`ut fcpct knedcajbctace ocjrce knrnkbns an fcick
civnmij fce tnr`cfjicl nfnkc pcru-pcru.
2)  Aninkclce gjsja

Kcejgnstcsj utckc fcrj pneuruece ourcl `cetued cfcic aninkclce fce

aniniclce fcick knicauace catjvjtcs.
?)  Nfnkc sjstnkja
Vnacece crtnrj pcru fcpct knejedact snbcdcj rnspmes tnrlcfcp
 pnejedactce armejs tnrlcfcp tnacece vnec pcru. Ljpnrtnesj puikmecr
knejedactace tclcece tnrlcfcp n`nasj vnetrjani acece. Knacejskn
an`cfjce snpnrtj yced tnr`cfj pcfc `cetued ajrj, `udc cace tnr`cfj pcfc
 `cetued acece, fj kcec caljreyc cace tnr`cfj amednstj sjstnkja fce
nfnkc sjstnkja.

f.  Rjwcyct Xneycajt _nacrced

Rjwcyct pneycajt RX_ yced knefuaued aniulce utckc fnedce
knicauace snrcedacjce pnrtceycce tnetced armemimdjs aniulce utckc.
Xnedac`jce yced fj fcpct fnedce cfceyc dn`cic-dn`cic amednstj vcsauinr
 puikmeci cfccl fjpsenc, mrtmpenc, fjpsenc ematureci pcrmasjkci,bctua,
fce nfnkc puikmeci caut. Xcfc pnedac`jce fjspenc (fj acrcatnrjstjaace
minl pnrecpcsce onpct, fcedaci, fce snescsj suijt fcick knefcpctace
ufcrc yced ouaup fce knenace aijne cpcacl kneddceddu catjgjtcs
icjeeyc snpnrtj aniulce tnetced jesmkejc, dnijscl, ctcu aninkclce yced

fj snbcbace minl fjspenc.

2<
 

3)  Mrtmpenc cfcicl antjfcakckpuce uetua bnrbcrjed fctcr acrnec

fjspenc, cfcicl aninkclce ukuk icje,fcrj dcdci vnetrjani ajrj yced
 bnrlubuedce fnedce amednstj vcsauinr puikmeci. Jej pnetjed uetua

knenetuace cpcacl mrtmpenc bnecr-bnecr bnrlubuedce fnedce

 pneycajt `cetued ctcu cpcacl pnejeddjce anpcic uetua tjfur cfcicl
anbjcscce aijne bnicac. _nbcdcj ometml, bjic aijne kneyctcace bclwc
jc bjsc tjfur pcfc tjdc bcetci fce aijne kneyuacj tjfur fnedce
antjeddjce jej fce tnicl fj
fj icauace sn`ca snbniuk knkpueycj
knkpueycj dn`cic
dcedduce `cetued, amefjsj jej tjfca tnpct fj actcace snbcdcj mrtmpenc.
2)  Fjspenc ematureci prmasjkci(FEX) cfcicl aniulce yced fj aneci bcja
minl aijne. Aijne tnrbcedue fj tnedcl kcick acrnec ecpcs pnefna
yced lnbct. Fjspenc ematurci prmasjkci fj pnrajrcace fjsnbcbace minl

 pnrpjefclce ocjrce fcrj `crjedce an fcick amkpcrtnkne jetrcvcsauinr

snbcdcj cajbct pmsjsj tcinetced. _nickc sjced lcrj, tnacece pcfc vnec
tjeddj alususeyc pcfc bcdjce fnpnefne tubul. Lci jej tnr`cfj acrnec
drcvjtcsj, pnejedactce vmiukn ocjrce, fce pnejedactce tmeus
sjskpctntja. Fnedce pnejedactce tnacece ljfrmstctja jej, bnbnrcpc
ocjrce aniucr kcsua an crnc `crjedce. Fnedce pmsjsj tninetced,
tnacece pcfc acpjinr-acpjinr fnpnefne kneurue fce ocjrce fjsnrcp
ankbcij an fcick sjrauicsj. Xnejedactce vmiukn knkbnrjace `ukicl
tc,bclce fcrcl yced fj bnrjace an `cetued uetua knkmkpc tjcp knejt

(pnejedactce prnimcf) fce knkbnrjace bnbce tckbclce pcfc fcscr

vcsauinr puikmeci yced tnicl amednstj.
FEX tnr`cfj buace lceyc pcfc kcick lcrj, tntcpj `udc cf pcfcc acpce
sc`c snickc pnrcwctce caut fjrukcl scajt yced knknriuace tjrcl
 bcrjed.
?)  Aniulce Bctua
Bctua jrjtcsj cfcicl scicl sctu dn`cic amednstj vcsauinr puikmeci yced
snrjedtnrinwctace, tntcpj fcpct knrupcace dn`cic fmkjece. Bctua jej
fcpct prmfuatjg, tntcpj bjcsceyc anrjed fce pnefna.

2:
 

Dn`cic jej fcpct fjlubuedace fnedce amednstj

amednstj kuamsc brmeajci fce
 bnrlubuedce fnedce
fnedce pnejedactce prmfuasj kua
kuaus.
us.
6)  Nfnkc Xuikmeci

Nfnkc puikmeci caut cfcicl dckbcrce aijejs pcicjed bnrvcrjcsj fj

lubuedace fnedce amednstj vcsauicr puikmeci. Jej tnr`cfj bjic
tnacece acpjinr puikmeci kninbjlj tnacece yced onefnrued
knkpnrtclceace ocjrce fj fcick sciurce vcsauicr (aurced inbjl ?8
kkLd). Xcfc tnacece jej, tnrfcpct trcefuasj ocjrce an fcick civnmij,
yced snbcijaeyc knenrueace tnrsnfjceyc crnc uetua trcespmr emrkci
masjdne fce acrbmefjmasjfc kcsua fce aniucr fcrj fcrcl fcick
acpjinr puikmeci. Nfnkc puikmeci caut fj ojrjace minl fjpsenc lnbct,
 bctua, mrtmpenc, cesjntcs fcick, sjcemsjs, bnranrjedct, anicjece bueyj

 pnrecpcsce, scecdct snrjed eynrj fcfc fce sputuk bnrwcrec knrcl

kufc, fce bnrbusc fcrj kuiut. Jej knknriuace anfcfurctce knfjs fce
lcrus fj tcedcej fnedce onpct fce sjdcp.
Rjwcyct Xneycajt Fcluiu
Xnedac`jce RXF yced knefuaued fnedce knedac`j cpcacl
snbniukeyc aijne pnrecl knefnrjtc eynrj fcfc alcs jegcra
kjmacrfjuk, ljpnrtnesj, FK, fce ljpnrijpjfnkjc. Vceycace mbct-mbct
yced bjcsc fj kjeuk minl aijne pcfc kcsc iciu yced kcsjl rninvce.
Mbct-mbct jej knijputj mbct fjurntja, ejtrct, pnedlckbct bntc, snrtc

mbct-mbct cetj ljpnrtnesj. Octct cfceyc ngna sckpjed yced tnr`cfj fj

kcsc iciu. @udc lcrus tceycace cfceyc cinrdj mbct, fce tceycace rncasj
cinrdj cpc yced tjkbui. _nrjedacij aijne knedcocuace suctu cinrdj
fnedce ngna sckpjed mbct.
n.  Rjwcyct Aniucrdc
Xnrcwct kneceycace tnetced pneycajt yced pnrecl fj cickj minl
aniucrdc,snrtc bjic cfc ceddmtc aniucrdc
aniucr dc yced knejeddci, kcac pneynbcb
ankctjce `udc fj tceycace.

?8
 

Xneycajt `cetuedjs ankja pcfc mrced tuc yced tjkbuieyc pcfc usjc
kufc knrupcace gcatmr rjsjam utckc uetua pneycajt `cetued jsankja
 pcfc anturueceeyc.

2.  Fjcdemsc
Bnrfcscrace pctmgjsjmimdj fce fcrj pnedac`jce ,fjcdemsjs anpnrcwctce
utckc uetua aijne `cetued cfcicl snbcdcj bnrjaut0
c.  Catuci ctcu rnsjam tjeddj kneurueyc ourcl `cetued yced bnrlubuedce
fnedce pneuruece ametrcatjijtcs vnetrjani ajrj pnrubclce grnaunesj jrckc
fce amefuasj ninatrjaci.
 b.  catuci ctcu rnsjam tjeddj eynrj fcfc yced bnrlubuedce fnedce
aurcedeyc supicy fce kjmacrfjuk ,pnrubclce kntcbmijskn fce
 pnejedactce prmfuasj csck icatct.

o.  Catuci/rjsjam tjeddj anruscace pnrtuacrce dcs yced bnrlubuedce fnedce

 pnrnkbnsce ocjrce, amednstj pcru snauefnr, pnrubclce knkbrce acpjinr
civnmij, fce rntnesj ocjrce jetnrstjsjci.
f.  Catuci/rjsjam tjeddj ecgcs tjfca ngnatjg yced bnrlubuedce fnedce
 pnednkbcedce pcru tjfca mptjkci, aninbjlce ocjrce fj pcru.
n.  Catuci/rjsjam dcedduce pnrgusj pnrjgnr yced bnrlubuedce fnedce
kneurueeyc ourcl `cetued.
g.  Catuci/rjsjam tjeddj pneuruece tjedact anscfcrce yced bnrlubuedce
fnedce pneuruece cijrce fcrcl an mtca.

d.  Catuci/rjsjam tjeddj tnrlcfcp aninbjlce vmiukn ocjrce yced

 bnrlubuedce fnedce pneuruece pnrgusj mrdce.
l.  Jetminrcesj catjvjtcs yced bnrlubuedce fnedce antjfcasnjkbcedce cetcrc
supicy masjdne an `crjedce fnedce anbutulce
anbutulce snauefnr pneuruece
pneuruece ourcl
 `cetued.
j.  Catuci/rnsjam tjeddj pnrubclce eutrjsj0 aurced fcrj anbutulce tubul
 bnrlubuedce fnedce pneuruece jetcan,kuci,fce cemrnasjc.
 `.  Dcedduce pnkneulce jstjrclct fce tjfur yced
yced bnrlubuedce fnedce
snsca ecgcs.

?3
 

a.  Catuci/rnsjam tjeddj ojfnrc yced bnrlubuedce fnedce pusjed fce

aninkclce.
i.  Onkcs yced bnrlubuedce fnedce rcsc tcaut cace ankctjce, pneuruece

stctus ansnlctce sjtucsj arjsjs, ceockce, ctcu pnrubclce ansnlctce

k. Catuci/rjsjam tjeddj amestjpcsj yced bnrlubuedce fnedce pneuruece
jetcan, snrct fce pneuruece bjsjed usus.
e.  Ampjed jefjvjfu tjfca ngnatjg yced bnrlubuedce fnedce prmdemsjs
 pneycajt, dckbcrce fjrj yced scicl, pnrubclce
pnrubclce pnrce.
m.  Rjsjam antjfcapctulce tnrlcfcp cturce tnrcpnutja yced bnrlubuedce
fnedcetjfca kcu knenrjkc pnrubclce pmic ljfup yced
yced snsucj.
?.  Jetnrvnesj
Vu`uce utckc kneocaup kneondcl eynrj, knedurcedj rjsjam pneuruece

ourcl `cetued knejedactace ankckpuce pnrcwctce fjrj, knedurcedj

onkcs, knedljefcrj scicl pnkclckce tnrlcfcp sjgct fcscr pneycajt fce
 pnrcwctce yced fjbnrjace, knkctulj prmdrck pnrcwctce fjej, sce
kneondcl amkpijacsj.

Catuci/rjsjam tjeddj kneurueeyc ourcl `cetued yced bnrlubuedce fnedce pneuruece

ametrcatjijtcs vnetrjani ajrj, pnrubclce grnaunesj, jrckc,fce amefuasj ninatrjaci.
Fjtcefcj fnedce1 pnejedactce grnaunesj `cetued (tcajacrfjc), fjsrjtkjc1 pnrubclce dckbcrce
 pmic NAD, pnrubclce tnacece fcrcl (VF) (Ljpnrtnesj/ljpmtnesj), bueyj `cetued nastrc (_?,

_6), pneuruece pnedniucrce urjen, ecfj pnrjgnr tjfca tnrcbc, auijt fjedje (ausck0fjcgmrnsjs,
mrtmpenc, arcains, fjstnesj vnec `uduicrjs, pnkbnscrce lnpcr, nfnkc nastrnkjtcs, eynrj fcfc.
Vu`uce 0 fcick wcatu ?x6 `ck pneuruece ourcl `cetued fcpct tnrctcsj fce kneue`uaace
tcefc vjtci fcick bctcs yced fcpct fjtnrjkc (fjsrjtkjc tnrametrmi ctcu ljiced fce bnbcs dn`cic
dcdci `cetued (snpnrtj pcrckntnr lnkmfjeckja fcick bctcs emrkci, aniucrce urjen cfnauct).
Arjtnrjc
Aijne cace knicpmrace pneuruece npjsmfn fjpsenc, bnrpnrce fcick catjgjtcs knedurcedj
 bnbce anr`c `cetued, tnacece fcrcl fcick bctcs emrkci (328/<8kkLd), ecfj <8acij/knejt,
tjfca tnr`cfj crjtkjc, fneyut `cetued fce jrckc `cetued tnrctur, ORV aurced fcrj ? fntja, fce

?2
 

 prmfuasj urjen 5 ?8 ki/`ck.

Jetnrvnesj Rcsjmeci
Ac`j fce icpmrace An`cfjce kmrtcijtcs fce kmrbjfjtcs snlubuedce fnedce KJ yced inbjl

tcefc pneuruece fcrj 26 `ck pnrtckc.

ourcl `cetued.
Xnrjasc ancfcce Bjcsceyc tnr`cfj tcajacrfjc knsajpue pcfc scct jstjrclct uetua
aijne fnedce knedmkpnescsj pneuruece ametrcatjijtcs vnetrjani, ACX, XCV, KCV,
knedcusauitcsj XWO, fce CG fjsrjtkjc ukuk bnranecce fnedce D@A knsajpue icjeeyc
ecfj cpjaci0 ac`j  `udc tnr`cfj.
grnaunesj, jrckc Octctce 0 Fjsrjtkjc vnetrjani tjfca rnspmesjg tnrlcfcp mbct yced fjfudc
 `cetued cenurjskn vnetrjani.
(fmauknetcsj
fjsrjtkjc, bjic
tnrsnfjc
tninkntrj)
Octct bueyj _3 fce _2 kuedaje inkcl acrnec kneurueeyc anr`c pmkpc, jrckc dciimp
 `cetued ukuk (_? fce _6) fjlcsjiace snbcdcj cijrce fcrcl an fcick snrckbj
yced fjstnesj kurkur fcpct kneue`uaace jeamkpntnesj/stnemsjs kjtrci.
Xcipcsj ecfj Xneuruece ourcl `cetued kneue`uaace kneurueeyc ecfj, rcfjci,
 pnrjgnr  pmpijtnci, fmrscijs pnfjs, fce pmstjbjci. Ecfj kuedaje onpct ljiced ctcu
tjfca tnrctur uetua fjpcipcsj, fce puisus citnrce (fneyut auct icje fnedce
fneyut inkcl) kuedaje cfc.
Xcetcu cfceyc Dje`ci bnrnspmes uetua kneurueace ourcl `cetued fnedce kneclce
aniucrce urjen, ojrce fce ectrjuk, aniucrce urjen bjcsceyc kneurue snickc tjdc lcrj
octct aniucrce acrnec pnrpjefclce ocjrce an `crjedce tntcpj fcpct knejedact pcfc
fce kcick lcrj snljeddc ocjrce bnrpjefcl ankbcij an sjrauicsj bjic pcsjne
anpnactce/amesne tjfur.
trcsj urjen.
Jstjrclctace Minl acrnec `cetued tjfca fcpct fjlcrcpace uetua bnecr bnecr jstjrclct
fnedce tjrcl uetua snkbul snpnrtj iuac pcfc pctcl tuiced, kcac lci tnrbcja yced

??
 

 bcrjed mptjkci. fjicauace cfcicl knedjstjrclctace aijne. Kniciuj jecatjgjtcs, anbutulce

 pnkmkpc `cetued fjturueace.
fjturueace.
Vjrcl bcrjed knrupcace bcdjce yced pnetjed fcrj pnedmbctce dcdci

 `cetued amednstjg, alususeyc pcfc tclcp caut cace suijt fjsnkbulace.

_nicje jtu, uetua kneurueace sniurul anbutulce anr`c pcfc `cetued, tjrcl
 bcrjed knkbcetu fcick kneurueace bnbce anr`c fnedce kneurueace
vmiukn jetrcvcsauicr kniciuj jefuasj fjurnsjs bnrbcrjed.
Jstjrclct cace knedurcedj anr`c `cetued, knejedactace tnecdc ocfcedce
 `cetued, fce kneurueace tnacece fcrcl. Ickceyc bnrbcrjed `udc
knrcedsced fjurnsjs, acrnec bnrbcrjed cace knkpnrbcjaj pnrgusj dje`ci.
Jstjrclct `udc knedurcedj anr`c mtmt pnrecgcsce fce pnedduecce masjdne.
Grnaunesj `cetued kneurue yced cace knkpnrpce`ced pnrjmfn fjstmin

 pnkuijlce, snljeddc knkpnrbcjaj ngjsjnesj ametrcasj `cetued.

Ctur pmsjsj tjrcl Aijne fnedce dcdci `cetued amednstjg fcpct bnrbcrjed fnedce pmsjsj
 bcrjed yced jfnci. snpnrtj fcick dckbcr uetua knedurcedj ansuijtce bnrecgcs fce
Anpcic tnkpct knedurcedj `ukicl fcrcl yced ankbcij an `cetued snljeddc fcpct
tjfur lcrus knedurcedj amednstj pcru.
fjecjaace 28 Xcfc pmsjsj jej cijrce bcija vnec an `cetued ( prnimcf 
( prnimcf ) fce pcru
sckpcj ?8 ok (<-  bnraurced, amednstj pcru bnraurced, snrtc pnenacece lnpcr an fjcgrcdkc
38 jeoj) ctcu kne`cfj kjejkci. Inedce bcwcl lcrus fjsmamed fnedce bcetci uetua
aijne fjfufuaace knedurcedj aniniclce mtmt bclu cajbct bnrct inedce yced knecrja snocrc

fj aursj. tnrus knenrus. Aijne yced fcpct bnrecgcs lceyc pcfc pmsjsj tndca
(mrtmpenc) fcpct fjfufuaace fj sjsj tnkpct tjfur fnedce anfuc acaj
fjsmamed aursj, anpcic, fce inedce fjintcaace fj kn`c tnkpct tjfur fce
vnrtnbrc iukbmscarci fjsmamed fnedce bcetci. Bjic tnrfcpct amednstj
 pcru, kcac inbjl bcja aijne fjfufuaace fj aursj acrnec pmsjsj jej fcpct
knkpnrbcjaj pnrpjefclce ocjrce fcrj pcru. Nfnkc yced bjcsceyc
tnrfcpct fjbcdjce bcwcl tubul bnrpjefcl an fcnrcl scarci antjac aijne
fjbcrjedace fj tnkpct tjfur.
Ac`j pnrubclce Fcpct kneue`uaace tjfca cfnaucteyc pnrgusj snrnbrci snauefnr tnrlcfcp

?6
 

 pcfc snesmrja.  pneuruece ourcl `cetued.

Ometml 0 intcrdj,
onkcs, fce

fnprnsj.
Bnrjace jstjrclct _trns nkmsj knedlcsjiace vcsmamestrjasj yced tnracjt, knejedactace
 psjamimdj fnedce tnacece fcrcl, fce knejedactace grnaunesj/anr`c `cetued.
ijedauedce yced
tnrced.
Bnrjace masjdne Knejedactace snfjcce masjdne uetua anbutulce kjmacrfjuk duec
tckbclce fnedce knicwce ngna ljpmasjc/jsankjc.
ecsci
aceui/kcsanr
snsucj fnedce
jefjacsj

?>
 

BCB JJJ
XNE^V^X

C. Ansjkpuice
Omednstjvn lncrtl gcjiurn (OLG) ctcu bjcsc fj snbut dcdci `cetued amednstjg
cfcicl antjfca kckpuce `cetued fcick knkmkpc fcrcl yced knkcfcj
(cfnauct) uetua knkneulj anbutulce `crjedce cace masjdne fce eutrjsj. Dcdci
 `cetued amednstjg fcpct tnr`cfj pcfc pnefnrjtc anicjece mtmt `cetued,
ctnrmsainrmsjs, ljpnrtnesj sjstnkja ctcu ljpnrtnesj puikmeci, pnrcfcedce fce
 pneycajt kjmacrfjuk fndnenrctjg, pneycajt
pneycajt `cetued icje.
B. _crce

_ntnicl knkbcoc kcacicl jej pneuijs knkbnrjace bnbnrcpc scrce yced

ajrceyc bnrduec uetua pnrbcjace fj kcsc yced cace fctced. ^etua
knicascecace csulce anpnrcwctce pcfc aijne dcdci `cetued amednstjg
lnefcaeyc pnrcwct tnrinbjl fcluiu knedntcluj amesnp fcscr pneycajt fce
anpnrcwctce.

?7
 

lttps0//jf.sorjbf.omk/fmo/?8>68387:/kcacicl-dcdci-`cetuedBuau
lttps0//jf.sorjbf.omk/fmo/?8>68387:/kcacicl-dcdci-`cetuedBuau pnfmkce

?4