Mark Scheme (Results)

Summer 2022

Pearson Edexcel International GCSE

In Chemistry (4CH1) Paper 1CR

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Summer 2022
Question Paper Log Number P70946A
Publications Code 4CH1_1CR_2206_MS
All the material in this publication is copyright
© Pearson Education Ltd 2022
General Marking Guidance

• All candidates must receive the same treatment. Examiners

must mark the first candidate in exactly the same way as they
mark the last.
• Mark schemes should be applied positively. Candidates must
be rewarded for what they have shown they can do rather than
penalised for omissions.
• Examiners should mark according to the mark scheme not
according to their perception of where the grade boundaries
may lie.
• There is no ceiling on achievement. All marks on the mark
scheme should be used appropriately.
• All the marks on the mark scheme are designed to be awarded.
Examiners should always award full marks if deserved, i.e. if
the answer matches the mark scheme. Examiners should also
be prepared to award zero marks if the candidate’s response
is not worthy of credit according to the mark scheme.
• Where some judgement is required, mark schemes will
provide the principles by which marks will be awarded and
exemplification may be limited.
• When examiners are in doubt regarding the application of the
mark scheme to a candidate’s response, the team leader must
be consulted.
• Crossed out work should be marked UNLESS the candidate has
replaced it with an alternative response.
 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
1 (a) Atomic number of this atom 4 1 mark each correct 4
answer
Mass number of this atom 9

Period number of this element 2

Number of electrons in the 2+ ion formed from this

atom 2

(b) Similarity = number of protons ALLOW both isotopes 2

have 4 protons
ALLOW references to
electrons

Difference = number of neutrons ALLOW stated examples

eg one isotope has 5
neutrons, the other has
6 neutrons

If similarity: same
atomic number and
difference: different
mass number
ALLOW 1 mark

Total for question 1 = 6 marks

 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
2 (a) Apparatus Unit 2
(gas) syringe cm3 ALLOW ml
(top pan) balance OR g OR mg ALLOW words
(weighing) scales e.g.grams
ALLOW weighing
machine
ALLOW kg

1 mark each correct

row/column
Mark horizontally or
vertically (whichever
benefits the candidate)
(b) (i) M1 to cool (the water vapour/steam) ALLOW to keep 2
condenser cool

M2 so the water vapour/steam condenses ALLOW so the water

vapour/steam becomes
liquid

(ii) M1 add silver nitrate/AgNO3 (solution) IGNORE addition of 2

nitric acid but REJECT
addition of
hydrochloric/sulfuric
acid for M1

M2 white precipitate M2 dep on use of silver

nitrate

(iii) M1 measure its boiling point ALLOW boil it 2

M2 (boiling point is) 100°C

OR

M1 measure its freezing point ALLOW freeze it

M2 (freezing point is) 0°C

Total for question 2 = 8 marks

 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
3 (a) (i) B 1

(ii) A and B 1

(iii) 0.25 without working 2

scores 2
M1 2 and 8
ALLOW M1 for 1.8-2.2
and 8 and ALLOW M2
ECF as long as correctly
evaluated to at least 2
M2 0.25 SF

(Special case if used

ruler and then) 1.4-1.7
and 5.9-6.2 used no M1
but ALLOW M2 ECF as
long as correctly
evaluated to at least 2
SF

1
(iv) the dye is the most soluble (in the solvent/water)
(b) Any four from ALLOW water for 4
solvent throughout
ALLOW dye for food
colouring throughout
M1 draw start line in pencil

M2 use same food colourings/use same solvent/use IGNORE length of paper

same (type of chromatography) paper

M3 place (spots/samples of) A, B, C, D/food

colourings on the start line OWTTE

M4 (place paper in beaker) with start line above

solvent OWTTE

M5 (remove paper/stop experiment) when solvent

almost reaches top of paper / when spots stop
moving OWTTE

M6 mark solvent front (on paper)

M7 (remove paper from beaker and) allow to dry

Total for question 3 = 9 marks

 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
4 (a) (i) Any one from: ALLOW names of 1
Na elements
K Apply list principle
Al
In

(ii) Any one from ALLOW names of 1

S elements
Cl
(b) same number / three electrons in the outer shell ALLOW valence shell 1

(c) M1 Xe or xenon 2

M2 as it has a full outer shell (of electrons) ALLOW has eight

electrons in outer shell
ACCEPT does not
(easily) gain/lose/share
electrons
M2 dep on M1
(d) (i) M1 (universal indicator turns) blue or purple 2

M2 because an alkali is produced ACCEPT OH− /

hydroxide ions are
produced
ALLOW sodium
hydroxide is a base / a
base is produced
(ii) (similarity) any one from: 2
(both)
effervesce ALLOW fizzes/bubbles
melt / turn into a sphere
move on surface ALLOW float
universal indicator turns the same colour ALLOW both
disappear/get
smaller/dissolve

(difference) any one from: ALLOW faster/more

potassium gives a lilac flame vigorous reaction for
potassium moves faster potassium
potassium effervesces faster
ALLOW reverse
arguments for sodium
3
(iii) correct answer with no
Example calculation working scores 3 marks

M1 (moles of hydrogen) 0.036÷2 OR 0.018 mol

M2 0.018 × 6.0×1023 OR 1.08×1022 molecules ALLOW ECF M1 ×

6.0×1023

M3 1.1×1022 ALLOW ECF M2 but

must be to 2 sig figs

2.16 x 1022 scores 1

2.2 x 1022 scores 2
Total for question 4 = 12 marks
 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
5 (a) M1 (put the carbonate in the boiling tube) and the 4
limewater in the test tube

M2 heat the carbonate and time how long it takes

for the limewater to turn cloudy OWTTE

M3 repeat with the same mass / amount / number ACCEPT repeat with
of moles of another carbonate another carbonate using
same volume of
limewater OWTTE

M4 (the carbonate which decomposes the fastest)

will turn the limewater cloudy in the least time
To score M4 reference
to limewater turning
cloudy must be
mentioned at least once
somewhere in answer

(b) (i) to prevent loss of solid/XCO3/carbonate/XO ALLOW so only carbon 1

dioxide/gas can escape

(ii) 0.05 1

(iii) 0.05 ALLOW ECF from (ii) 1

(iv) M1 7.40 ÷ 0.05 correct answer with or 2

without working scores
M2 148 2
ALLOW ECF from (iii)

(v) M1 Ar of metal = 148-60 OR 88 If (iv) correct 2

strontium/Sr scores 2
M2 metal is strontium / Sr without working

ALLOW ECF from (iv)

ALLOW ECF from M1 as

long as answer is
nearest Group 2 metal

Total for question 5 = 11 marks

 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
6 (a) M1 shared pair(s) of electrons 2

M2 attracted to (two) nuclei REJECT nucleus. Must be

plural for M2
M2 dep on mention of
electrons in M1
(b) a pair of electrons in each bond and no non-bonding ALLOW dots, crosses or 1
electrons. any combination

(c) (i) Any one from 1

M1 oxygen is a smaller atom/particle than silicon

M2 each (atom of) oxygen forms two bonds (to

silicon atoms)

(ii) M1 silicon dioxide has a giant (covalent) structure 4

M2 (in melting silicon dioxide) strong/many ALLOW description of

covalent bonds (need to be broken) covalent bonds as long as
strong/many mentioned

M3 (in melting silicon hydride) weak intermolecular ALLOW weak

forces (of attraction need to be overcome/broken) intermolecular bonds

M4 more (thermal/heat) energy is needed to break

the (covalent) bonds (in SiO2) than break/overcome
the intermolecular forces (in SiH4)
Max 2 if
contradictions/references
to incorrect
forces/particles
(d) SiH4 + 2O2 → SiO2 + 2H2O 1

all formula correct and equation correctly balanced IGNORE state symbols
ALLOW multiples and
fractions
Total for question 6 = 9 marks
 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
7 (a) Any five from 5

M1 fractional distillation

M2 crude oil heated/vapourised ALLOW boiled

M3 reference to (fractionating) column/tower

M4 which is hotter at the bottom than at the top ALLOW reference to

temperature gradient
ALLOW the
hydrocarbons/gases/vapours
cool as they rise up the
column

M5 shorter hydrocarbons/chains/molecules have ACCEPT reverse argument

lower boiling point (and rise higher/towards the
top)

M6 fractions/hydrocarbons/gases/vapours/kerosene ALLOW correct reference to

condense(s) at (levels depending on) their boiling position of kerosene
points OWTTE fraction below refinery
gases and gasoline fractions
or above diesel and fuel oil
fractions

(b) (i) C8H18 1

(ii) Any four from 4

M1 fractional distillation/crude oil produces more ALLOW short(er) chain

long-chain hydrocarbons than can be used (directly) hydrocarbons are in higher
demand/more useful than
long(er) chain hydrocarbons
ORA

M2 cracking produces short chain alkanes ALLOW cracking changes

long(er) chain hydrocarbons
into short(er) chain
hydrocarbons
M3 short chain alkanes/hydrocarbons are more
flammable/can be used as fuels

M4 cracking produces alkene(s) IGNORE named alkene

M5 alkenes can be used to make polymers ALLOW named alkene

forming (named) polymer
e.g. ethene can be used to
make poly(ethene)/polymer
(c) A Addition 1
The only correct answer is A because the reaction
between an alkene and a halogen forming a
halogenoalkane is addition.
B is not the correct answer since this reaction is not
combustion.
C is not the correct answer since this reaction is not
decomposition.
D is not the correct answer since this reaction is not
substitution.

(d) (i) 2

M1 single bond between the two carbons and single

bonds to three hydrogens and one chlorine

M2 two extension bonds and n n can be anywhere after

brackets
extension bonds do not have
to go through brackets
M2 dep on M1

(ii) 2
M1 they are inert/unreactive

M2 (so) they are non-biodegradable/ ALLOW take long time to

do not (naturally) break down/decompose (in break down (so landfill sites
landfill sites) may fill up)
OR

M1 when burned

M2 they produce toxic fumes

Total for question 7 = 15 marks

 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
8 (a) (i) zinc + copper(II) sulfate → zinc sulfate + copper REJECT copper(II) as a 1
product
ACCEPT zinc(II) sulfate

(ii) polystyrene is an insulator / prevents heat loss ALLOW to prevent the 1

cup falling over

(iii) zinc is more reactive / higher in the reactivity ALLOW reverse argument 1
series than copper

(iv) 2
correct answer without
M1 temperature rise = 28.6°C working scores 2

M2 (75 × 4.2 × 28.6 =) 9009 ALLOW 9010/9000

IGNORE any sign

ALLOW ECF from M1
(b) (i) correct answer without 3
working scores 3
M1 800÷1000 OR 0.8 (kJ)

M2 0.65÷65 OR 0.01 (mol)

M3 0.8÷0.01 = −80 (kJ/mol)

OR

M1 0.65÷65 OR 0.01 (mol)

M2 800÷0.01 OR 80 000 (J/mol)

M3 −80 (kJ/mol)
ALLOW ECF but answer
must have a − sign

80/+80 scores 2

(ii) M1 zinc/Zn is oxidised because loses electrons 2

M2 silver ion(s)/Ag+ reduced because gain electrons

OR

M1 zinc/Zn is oxidised and silver ion(s)/Ag+ reduced

M2 zinc/Zn loses electrons and silver ion(s)/Ag+

gain electrons
Total for question 8 = 10 marks
 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
9 (a) (i) M1 copper(II) sulfate (solution) ALLOW copper sulfate 2

M2 shortest time taken to turn colourless ALLOW gave greatest

increase in rate OWTTE
ALLOW made reaction
happen fastest OWTTE

M2 dep on M1

(ii) M1 a catalyst provides an alternative pathway 2

M2 of lower activation energy Any reference to

increasing
energy/speed of
particles scores 0
(b) (i) An explanation with following four points 4

M1 the rate of reaction increases/ the reaction is

faster/ the reaction speeds up

M2 because the particles gain (kinetic) energy

/move faster

M3 there are more collisions per unit time ACCEPT more frequent
collisions OWTTE
M4 more of the collisions are successful / more
collisions/particles have energy greater than the No M4 if refer to lower
activation energy activation energy

there are more

frequent successful
collisions scores M3 and
M4

(ii) M1 fewer particles per unit volume ALLOW particles less 2

tightly packed /
particles further apart

M2 (hence) fewer collisions per unit time ALLOW decrease in the

frequency of collisions
between particles

Any reference to
changing energy/speed
of particles scores 0

Total for question 9 = 10 marks

 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
10 (a) (i) measuring cylinder / burette / pipette ALLOW syringe 1

(ii) M1 and M2 all the points correct ± half a square If only one plotting error 2
scores M1

(iii) 2 straight lines of best fit, ignoring the anomalous Left line does not have to 1
point go through/use (0.0, 10.0)
if point has not been
plotted

(iv) as the volume of sulfuric acid increases the IGNORE references to 1

(electrical) conductivity decreases gradient/slope/correlation

(v) (the student) forgot to stir the mixture ALLOW any reference to 1
adding less acid/lower
volume (than should have
done) OWTTE

(b) (i) M1 barium sulfate has a (giant) ionic structure OR 3

has ionic bonding

M2 ionic substances do not conduct when solid ALLOW only conduct when
dissolved/molten
ALLOW in solid ions
cannot move

M3 water has covalent bonding and covalent ALLOW water does not
compounds do not (usually) conduct electricity conduct because it is
covalent

IGNORE explanations of
why covalent do not
conduct

(ii) filtration OR filtering 1

Total for question 10 = 10 marks

 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
11 (a) (i) M1 WO3(s) + 3H2(g) ALLOW upper case 2

M2 W(s) + 3H2O(g or l)

(ii) heat again to constant mass OWTTE 1

(iii) M1 (mass of tungsten =) 1.84g 3

AND (mass of oxygen =) 0.48g

M2 (moles of tungsten) = 1.84 or 0.01

184

AND (moles of oxygen) = 0.48 or 0.03 M2 subsumes M1

16 ALLOW M2 ECF from
incorrect masses

M3 therefore ratio is 1:3 M3 dep on M2

ALLOW ECF from
incorrect M2 only if does
give 1:3 when rounded
1
(iv) Any one from

M1 use a safety screen ALLOW heat proof/safety

gloves
M2 position the class some distance from the ALLOW tie back hair
apparatus OWTTE

M3 do the experiment in a fume cupboard

(b) correct answer without 3

working scores 3
ALLOW any number of
Example calculation significant figures ≥2
throughout
M1 moles of tungsten oxide = (2784 × 106 ÷ 232) = ALLOW other correct
methods
12 000 000 ALLOW working in
megamoles

M2 maximum mass of tungsten = (12 000 000 × 184)

= 2 208 000 000 g OR 2208 tonnes ALLOW ECF M1×184

M3 mass of tungsten (considering 73.5% yield) =

(73.5 × 2208 ÷ 100) = 1622.88 (tonnes) ALLOW ECF from M2

Total for question 11 = 10 marks

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