CBSE

Examination
Paper Delhi–2014

Time allowed : 3 hours· Maximum marks : 70

General Instructions:
(i) All questions are compulsory.
(ii) Question numbers I to S are very short answer questions and carry I mark each.
(iii) Question numbers 9 to 18 are short answer questions and carry 2 marks each.
(iv) Question numbers 19 to 27 are also sliort answer questions and carry 3 marks each.
(v) Question numbers 28 to 30 are long answer questions and carry 5 marks each.
(v) Use log tables, if necessary. Use of calculators is not allowed.

1 Define the term ‘Mobility’ of charge carries in a conductor. Write its SI unit.
2. “For any charge configuration, equipotential surface through a point is normal to
the electric field.” Justify.
3. Two spherical bobs, one metallic and the other of glass, of the same size are
allowed to fall freely from the same height above the ground. Which of the
two would reach earlier and why
4. Show variation of resistivity of copper as a function of temperature in a graph.
5. A convex lens is placed in contact with a plane mirror. A point object at a distance
of 20 cm on the axis of this combination has its image coinciding with itself. What
is the focal length of the lens?

6. Write the expression, in a vector form, for the Lorentz magnetic force F due to a
 
charge moving with velocity V in a magnetic field B . What is the direction of the
magnetic force?
7. Out of the two magnetic materials, ‘A’ has relative permeability slightly greater
than unity while ‘B’ has less than unity. Identify the nature of the materials ‘A’
and ‘B’. Will their susceptibilities be positive or negative’.’

Sample Papers 177

  
8. Given a uniform electric field E = 5 × 103 i N/C, find the flux of this field
through a square of 10 cm on a side whose plane is parallel to the y-z plane.
What would be the flux through the same square if the plane makes a 30°
angle with the x-axis?
9. For a single slit of width “a”, the first minimum of the interference pattern of a
O
monochromatic light of wavelength occurs at an angle of . At the same angle of
a
O
, we get a maximum for two narrow slits separated by a distance “a”. Explain.
a
10. State Kirchhoff’s rules. Explain briefly how these rules are justified.
11. A capacitor ‘C’, a variable resistor ‘R’ and a bulb ‘B’ are connected in series to
the ac mains in circuits as shown. The bulb glows with some brightness. How
will the glow of the bulb change if (i) a dielectric slab is introduced between
the plates of the capacitor, keeping resistance R to be the same: (ii) the resistor
R is increased keeping the same capacitance?

B
C R

Mains

12. State the underlying principle of a cyclotron. Write briefly how this machine is
used to accelerate charged particles to high energies.
13. An electric dipole of length 4 cm, when placed with its axis making an angle of
60° with a uniform electric field, experiences a torque of 4 3 Nm. Calculate the
potential energy of the dipole, if it has charge ±8 nC.
14. A proton and a deuteron are accelerated through the same accelerating potential.
Which one of the two has
(i) greater value of de-Broglie wavelength associated with it, and
(ii) less momentum?
Give reasons to justify your answer.

178 Physics Class-XII

15. (i) Monochromatic light of frequency 6.0 × 1014 Hz is produced by a laser. The
power emitted is 2.0 × 10–3 W. Estimate the number of photons emitted per
second on an average by the source.
(ii) Draw a plot showing the variation of photoelectric current versus the intensity
of incident radiation on a photosensitive surface.
16. A 12.5 eV electron beam is used to bombard gaseous hydrogen at room
temperature. Upto which energy level the hydrogen atoms would be excited?
Calculate the wavelengths of the first member of Lyman and first member of
Baimer series.
17. A potentiometer wire of length 1 m has a resistance of 10 W. It is connected to a
6 V battery in series with a resistance of 5:. Determine the emf of the primary ceil
which gives a balance point at 40 cm.
18. (a) Draw a labelled ray diagram showing the formation of a final image by a
compound microscope at least distance of distinct vision.
(b) The total magnification produced by a compound microscope is 20. The
magnification produced by the eye piece is 5. The microscope is focussed
on a certain object. The distance between the objective and eyepiece is
observed to be 14 cm. If least distance of distinct vision is 20 cm, calculate
the focal length of the objective and the eye piece.
19. (a) A mobile phone lies along the principal axis of a concave mirror. Show, with
the help of a suitable diagram, the formation of its image. Explain why
magnification is not uniform.
(b) Suppose the lower half of the concave mirror’s reflecting surface is covered
with an opaque material. What effect this will have on the image of the object?
Explain.
20. (a) Obtain the expression for the energy stored per unit volume in a charged
parallel plate capacitor.
(b) The electric field inside a parallel plate capacitor is E. Find the amount of
work done in moving a charge q over a closed rectangular loop abcda.

Sample Papers 179

 + +
a b

d c

21. (a) Derive the expression for the capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor having
plate area A and plate separation d.
(b) Two charged spherical conductors of radii R{ and R2 when connected by a
conducting wire acquire charges q and c/2 respectively. Find the ratio of their
surface charge densities in terms of their radii.
22. (a)Stale Ampere’s circuital law, expressing it in the integral form.
(b) Two long coaxial insulated solenoids, St and S2 of equal lengths are wound
one over the other as shown in the figure. A steady current “I” flow through
the inner solenoid S1 to the other end B. which is connected to the outer
solenoid S2 through which the same current “I” flows in the opposite
direction so as to come out at end A. If n1 and n2 are the number of turns
per unit length, find the magnitude and direction of the net magnetic field
at a point (i) inside on the axis and (ii) outside the combined system.

r2
l B

r1 S1
I
n1 turns S2

n1 turns
23. Answer the following:
(a) Name the em waves which are suitable for radar systems used in aircraft
navigation. Write the range of frequency of these waves.

180 Physics Class-XII

 (b) If the earth did not have atmosphere, would its average surface temperature
be higher or lower than what it is now? Explain.
(c) An em wave exerts pressure on the surface on which it is incident. Justify.
24. (a)Deduce the expression, N = N0e–Ot, for the law of radioactive decay.
(b) (i) Write symbolically the process expressing the E+ decay of 2211Na. Also
write the basic nuclear process underlying this decay.
(ii) Is the nucleus formed in the decay of the nucleus of 2211Na, an isotope or
isobar?
25. (a)(i) ‘Two independent monochromatic sources of light cannot produce a
sustained interference pattern’. Give reason.
(ii) Light waves each of amplitude “a” and frequency “Z”, emanating from
two coherent light sources superpose at a point. If the displacements
due to these waves is given by y1 = a cos (Zt + I) and y2 = a cos (Zt
+ I) where I is the phase difference between the two, obtain the
expression for the resultant intensity at the point.
(b) In Young’s double slit experiment, using monochromatic light of wavelength
O, the intensity of light at a point on the screen where path difference is O, is K
units. Find out the intensity of light at a point where path difference is O/3.
OR
(a) How does one demonstrate, using a suitable diagram, that unpolarised light
when passed through a polaroid gets polarised?
(b) A beam of unpolarised light is incident on a glass-air interface. Show, using a
suitable ray diagram, that light reflected from the interface is totally polarised,
when P = tan iB, where P, is the refractive index of glass with respect to air
and iB is the Brewster’s angle.
26. (a) Describe a simple experiment (or activity) to show that the polarity of emf
induced in a coil is always such that it tends to produce a current which
opposes the change of magnetic flux that produce it.
(b) The current flowing through an inductor of self inductance L is continuously
increasing. Plot a graph showing the variation of
(i) Magnetic flux versus the current
(ii) Induced emf versus dI/dt
(iii) Magnetic potential energy stored versus the current.
OR

Sample Papers 181

 (a) Draw a schematic sketch of an ac generator describing its basic elements.
State briefly its working principle. Show a plot of variation of
(i) Magnetic flux and
(ii) Alternating emf versus time generated by a loop of wire rotating in a
magnetic field.
(b) Why is choke coil needed in the use of fluorescent tubes with ac mains?
27. (a) State briefly the processes involved in the formation of p-n junction explaining
clearly how the depletion region is formed.
(b) Using the necessary circuit diagrams, show how the V-I characteristics of a
p-n junction are obtained in
(i) Forward biasing
(ii) Reverse biasing
How are these characteristics made use of in rectification?

Set-II (Questions Uncommon to Set-I)

1. Define the term ‘electrical conductivity’ of a metallic wire. Write its S.I. unit.
3. Show variation of resistivity of Si with temperature in a graph.
10. An electric dipole of length 2 cm, when placed with its axis making an angle of
60° with a uniform electric field, experiences a torque of 8 3 Nm. Calculate the
potential energy of the dipole, if it has a charge of ±4nC.
15. A proton and an alpha particle are accelerated through the same potential. Which
one of the two has (i) greater value of de-Broglie wavelength associated with it
and (ii) less kinetic energy? Give reasons to justify your answer.
 
16. Given a uniform electric field E = 2 × 103 i N/C, find the flux of this field
through a square of side 20cm, whose plane is parallel to the y-z plane. What
would be the flux through the same square, if the plane makes an angle of 30°
with the x-axis?
20. A 12.9 eV beam of electrons is used to bombard gaseous hydrogen at room
temperature. Upto which energy level the hydrogen atoms would be excited?
Calculate the wavelength of the first member of Paschen series and first member
of Balmer series.

182 Physics Class-XII

22. Answer the following:
(a) Name the em waves which are used for the treatment of certain forms of
cancer. Write their frequency range.
(b) Thin ozone layer on top of stratosphere is crucial for human survival. Why?
(c) Why is the amount of the momentum transferred by the em waves incident on
the surface so small?
24. A potentiometer wire of length 1.0 m has a resistance of 15:. It is connected to a
5: battery in series with a resistance of 5:. Determine the emf of the primary cell
which gives a balance point at 60 cm.

SET-III (Questions Uncommon to set-I and II)

1. Define the term ‘drift velocity’ of charge carriers in a conductor and write its
relationship with the current flowing through it.
4. Plot a graph showing variation of current versus voltage for the material GaAs.
9. An electric dipole of length 1 cm, which placed with its axis making an angle of
60° with uniform electric field, experiences a torque of 6 3 Nm. Calculate the
potential energy of the dipole if it has charge ± 2nC.
12. A deuteron and an alpha particle are accelerated with the same accelerating potential.
Which one of the two has
(a) greater value of de-Broglie wavelength, associated with it and
(b) less kinetic energy’.’ Explain.
20. A 12.3 eV electron beam is used to bombard gaseous hydrogen at room
temperature. Upto which energy level the hydrogen atoms would be excited?
Calculate the wavelengths of the second member of Lyman series and second
member of Balmer series.
24. Answer the following questions:
(a) Name the em waves which are produced during radioactive decay of a nucleus.
Write their frequency range.
(b) Welders wear special glass goggles while working. Why? Explain.
(c) Why are infrared waves often called as heat waves? Give their one application.
25. A potentiometer wire of length 1 m has a resistance of 5:. It is connected to a 8 V
battery in series with a resistance of 15:. Determine the emf of the primary cell
which gives a balance point at 60 cm.

Sample Papers 183

 CBSE Examination Paper,
Delhi Region-2015 (code no. 55/1/1/D)

Time allowed : 3 hours Maxmum marks : 70

(i) All questions are compulsory. There are 26 questions in all.

(ii) This question paper has five sections : Section A, Section B, Section, C, Section D
and Section E.
(iii) Section A contains five questions of one mark each, Section B contains five questions
of two marks questions of four marks and Section E contains choice has been
provided in one question of two marks, one question of three marks and all the
three questions of five marks weightage. You have to attempt only one of the
choices in such questions.
(iv) Use log tables, if necessary. Use of calculators is not allowed.
c = 3 × 108 m/s h = 6.63 × 10–34 Js
e = 1.6 × 10–19 C P0 = 4S × 10–7 T m A–1

1
H0 = 8.854 × 10–12 C2N–1 m–2 = 9 × 109 N m2 C–2
4SH 0
me = 9.1 × 10–31 kg Mas of neutron = 1.675 × 10–27 kg
Mass of proton = 1.673 × 10–27 kgAvogadro’s number = 6.023 × 1023 per garn
mole
Boltzmann constant = 1.38 × 10–23 LK–1

SECTION-A
1. Define capacitor reactance. Write its S.I. units.?
2. What is the electric flux through a cube of side 1 cm which encloses an electric
dipole?
3. A concave lens of refractive index 1.5 is immersed in a medium of refractive
index 1.65. What is the nature of the lens?

210 Physics Class-XII

4. Graph showing the variation of current versus voltage for a material GaAs is shown
the figure. Identify the region of
(i) negative resistance C D

Current I
(ii) where Ohm’s law is obeyed.
E
B
A

SECTION-B
5. A proton and an a-particle have the same de-Broglie wavelength. Determine the
ratio of (i) their accelerating potentials (ii) their speeds.
6. Show that the radius of the orbit in hydrogen atom varies as n2, where n is the
principal quantum number of the atom.
7. Use the mirror equation to Show that an object placed between f and 2f of a
concave mirror pro image beyond 2f.
OR
Find an expression for intensity of transmitted light when a polaroid sheet is
rotated between I polaroids. In which position of the polaroid sheet will the
transmitted intensity be maximum?
8. Use Kirchhoff s rules to obtain conditions for the balance condition in a Wheatstone
bridge.

SECTION-C
9. Name the parts of the electromagnetic spectrum which is
(a) suitable for radar systems used in aircraft navigation.
(b) used to treat muscular strain.
(c) used as a diagnostic tool in medicine.
Write in brief, how these waves can be produced.
10. (i) A giant refracting telescope has an objective lens of focal length 15 m. If an
eye piece of f 1.0 cm is used, what is the angular magnification of the telescope?
(ii) If this telescope is used to view the moon, what is the diameter of the image
of the moon for objective lens? The diameter of the moon is 3.48 × 106 m
and the radius of lunar orbit is 3.8.
Sample Papers 211
11. Write Einstein’s photoelectric equation and mention which important features in
photoelectric el explained with the help of .this equation. The maximum kinetic
energy of the photoelectrons gets doubled when the wavelength of light the surface
changes from O1 to O2. Derive the expressions for the threshold wavelength O0 and
wo for the metal surface.
12. In the study of Geiger-Marsdon experiment on scattering of a-particles by a thin
foil of ... trajectory of D-particles in the coulomb field of target nucleus. Explain
briefly how one gets the … on the size of the nucleus from this study.
From the relation R = R0 A1/3, where R0 is constant and A is the mass number of
the nucleus, nuclear matter density is independent of A.
OR
Distinguish between nuclear fission and fusion. Show how in both these
processes energy is …… Calculate the energy release in MeV in the deuterium-
tritium fusion reaction:
2 3 3
H + H 
o He + n
1 1 1
Using the data.
§2 · §3 ·
m ¨ 1 H¸ 2.014102 u m ¨ H¸ 3.016049 u
© ¹ ©1 ¹

§3 ·
m ¨ He¸ 4.002603 u mn = 1.008665 u
©1 ¹
1u = 931.5 Me V/c2
13. A cell of emf ‘E’ and internal resistance ‘r’ is connected across a variable load
resistor R. Draw the terminal voltage V versus (i) R and (ii) the current l.
It is found that when R = 4:, the current is 1 A and when R is increased to 9:,
the current reduct Find the values of the emf E and internal resistance r.
14. Two capacitors of unknown capacitances C1 and C2 are connected first in series
and then in parall battery of 100 V. If the energy stored in the two combinations
is 0.045 J and 0.25 J respectively, the value of C1 and C2. Also calculate the
charge on each capacitor in parallel combination.
15. State the principle of working of a galvanometer.
A galvanometer of resistance G is converted into a voltmeter to measure upto V
volts by connecting resistance R1 in series with the coil. If a resistance R2 is

212 Physics Class-XII

 connected in series with it, then it can measure V/2 volts. Find the resistance, in
terms of R1 and R2, required to be connected to convert it into a volt meter that
can read upto 2 V. Also find the resistance G of the galvanometer in terms of R1
and R2.
16. With what considerations in view, a photodiode is fabricated? State its working
with the help of a suitable diagram.
Even though the current in the forward bias is known to the more than in the
reverse bias. yet the photodiode ^works in reverse bias What is the reason?
17. Answer the following questions:
(a) In a double slit experiment using light of wavelength 600 nm. the angular
width ot the fringe formed on a distant screen is 0.1°. Find the spacing
between the two slits.
(b) Light of wavelength 5000 A propagating in air gets partly reflected from
the surface of water. How will the wavelengths and frequencies of the
reflected and refracted light be affected?
18. An inductor L of inductance XL is connected in series with a bulb B and an ac
source.
How would brightness of the bulb change when (i) number of turn in the inductor
is reduced. (ii) an iron rod is inserted in the inductor and (iii) a capacitor of reactance
XC = XL is inserted in series in the circuit Justify your answer in each case

SECTION-E
19. (a) State Ampere”s circuital law. Use this law to obtain the expression for the
magnetic field inside an air cored toroid of average radius ‘r’,. having ‘n’
turns per unit length and carrying a steady current I.
(b) An observer to the left of a solenoid of N turns each of cross section area ‘A’
observes that a steady current I in it flows in the clockwise direction Depict
the magnetic field lines due to the solenoid specifying its polarity and show
mat it acts as a bar magnet of magnetic moment m = NIA
A

N
OR

Sample Papers 213

 (a) Define mutual inductance and write its S.I. units.
(b) Derive an expression for the mutual inductance of two long co-axial solenoids
of same length wound one over the other.
(c) In an experiment, two coils c1 and c2 are placed close to each other. Find out,
the oxpression for the emt induced in the coil c1 due to a change in the current
through the coil c2.
20. (a) Using Huygens’s construction oi secondary wavelets explain how a diffraction
pattern is obtained on a screen due to a narrow slit on which a monochromatic
beam of light is incident normally.
(b) Show that the angular width of the first diffraction fringe is half that of the
central fringe.

§ 1· O
(c) Explain why the maxima at T = ¨© n  ¸¹ become weaker and weaker
2 a
with increasing n.
OR
(a) A point object ‘O’ is kept in a medium of refractive index n1 in front of a
convex spherical surface of radius of curvature R which separates the second
medium of refractive index n2 from the front as shown in the figure.
Draw the ray diagram showing the image formation and deduce the
relationship between the object distance and the image distance in terms of n1,
n2 and R.

n1 n2

O u R

(b) When the image formed above acts as a virtual object for a concave spherical
surface seperating medium n2 from n1 (n2 > n1), draw this ray diagram and
write the similar (similar to (a)) formula and obtain the expression for the lens
maker’s formula.

21. (a) An electric dipole of dipole moment p consists of point charges +q and
–q separated by a distance 2a apart. Deduce the expression for the electric

field E due to the dipole at a distance x from the center of dipole on its axial line

214 Physics Class-XII

 
in terms of the dipole moment p . Hence show that in the limit a o 0

 2p
E .
(4SH 0 x 3 )

(b) Given the electric field in the region E = 2xi, find the net electric flux through
the cube and enclosed by it.
y

a
z

OR
(a) Explain, using suitable diagrams, the difference in the behaviour of a (i)
conductor and (ii) dielectric the presence of external electric field. Define
the term polarization of a dielectric and write its expression with susceptibility.
(b) A thin metallic spherical shell of radius
R carries a charge Q on its surface. A
Q
point charge is placed at its centre C Q
2
and an other charge +2Q is placed outside
the shell at a distance x from the centre x
Q/2 2Q
as shown in the figure. Find (i) the force
on the charge at the centre of shell and
at the point A, (ii) the electric flux
through the shell.

Sample Papers 215

 CBSE Examination Paper - 2016
Delhi (Code No. 55/1/1/D)

Thied : 3 hours Maxmum marks: 70

Instructions: Same as CBSE Sample Question Paper–2016

SECTION-A
1. ‘A point charge +Q is placed at point O as shown in the figure. Is the potential
difference VA – VB positive.
+Q
O A B
2. How does the electric flux due to a point charge enclosed by a spherical Gaussian
surface get affected when its radius is increased?
3. Write the underlying principle of a moving coil galvanometer.
4. Define ‘quality factor’ of resonance in series LCR circuit. What is its SI unit?

SECTION-B

1
5. Plot a graph showing variation of de-Broglie wavelength  versus , where V
V
is accelerating potential for two particles A and B carrying same charge but of
masses m1, m2 (m1 > m2). Which one of the two represents a particle of smaller
mass and why?
8. A nucleus with mass number A = 240 and BE/A = 7.6 MeV breaks into two
fragments each of A = 120 with BE/A = 8.5 McV. Calculate the released energy.
OR
Calculate the energy in fusion reaction:
2 2 2 3
H + H  He + n, where BE of H = 2.23 Me and of He = 7.73 MeV.
1 1 1 2

236 Physics Class-XII

9. Two cells of emfs l .5 V and 2.0 V having internal resistances 0.2  and 0.3 
respectively are connected in parallel. Calculate the emf and internal resistance
of the equivalent cell.
10. State Brewster’s law.
The value of Brewster angle for a transparent medium is different for light of
different colours. Give reason.

SECTION-C
11. A charge is distributed uniformly over a ring of radius ‘a’. Obtain an expression
for the electric intensity E at a point on the axis of the ring. Hence show that
for points at large distances from the ring, it behaves like a point charge.
12. Write three characteristic features in photoelectric effect which cannot be
explained on the basis of wave theory of light, but can be explained only using
Einstein’s equation.
13. (i) Write the expression for the magnetic force acting on a, charged particle
moving with velocity v in the presence of magnetic field B.
(ii) A neutron, an electron an alpha particle moving equal velocities, inter in
magnetic field. Going into the plan of the paper as shown. Trace their path
in the field in magnetic

X X X X X X

X X X X X X
n
X X X X X X
e
X X X X X X
14. (i) Define mutual inductance.
(ii) A pair of adjacent coils has a mutual inductance of 1.5 H. If the current in one
coil charges from to 20 A in 0.5 s, what is the change of flux linkage with
other coil?

Sample Papers 237

15. Two parallel plate capacitors X and Y have the same area of plates and same
seperation and air between the plates while Y contains a dielectric medium of
r = 4. X Y

+ –
15 V

(i) Calculate capacitance of capacitor if equivalent of the combind system.

(ii) Calculate the potential difference between the plates of X and Y.
(iii) Estimate the ratio of electrostatic energy stored in X and Y.
16. Two long straight carry steady current I1 and I2 separated by distance a are
flowing in the same direction, show how the magnetic field set up in one
produces force on the other. Obtain the expression for this force. Hence define
one ampere.
17. How are em waves produced by oscillating charges?
Draw a sketch of linearly polarized em propagating in the Z-direction. Indicating
Oscillating electric and magnetic fields.
OR
Write Maxwell’s generalization of Ampere’s Circuital Law. Show that in the
process the current produced within the plates of the capacitor is

d
E
i = 0
dt
where
E is the electric. flux produced during charging of the capacitor plates.
20. (a) Calculate the distance of an object of height h from a concave mirror of
radius 20 cm to obtain a real image of magnification 2. Find the location
of image also.
(b) Using mirror formula, explain why does a convex mirror always produce a
virtual image.
21. (a) State Bohr’s quantization condition for defining stationary orbits. How does
it explain the stationary orbits?

238 Physics Class-XII

 (b) Find the relation between the three wavelengths 1, 2and 3 from the energy
level diagram shown below.

22. Draw a schematic ray diagram of reflecting telescope showing how rays coming
from a distant object are recived at the eye-piece. Write in two important advantages
over refracting telescope.

SECTION–E
23. (a) An ac source of voltage V = V0 sin t is connected to a series combination of L,
C and R. Use the phasor diagram to obtain expressions for impedance of the
circuit and phase with the voltage. What is circuit in this condition called?
(b) In a series LR circuit XL = R and power factor of the circuit is P1. When capacitor
with capacitance C such that XL = XC is put in series, the power factor becomes
P1
P2. Calculate
P2
OR
(i) Write the function of a transformer. State its principle of working with the help
of diagram. Mention various energy losses in this device.
(ii) The primary coil of an ideal step up transformer her 100 turns and transformation
ratio is also 100. The input voltage and power are respectively 220 V and 1100
W. Calculate
(a) Number of turns in secondary
(b) Voltage in primary
(c) Voltage across secondary
(d) Current in secondary
(e) Power in secondary
24. (i) In Young’s double slit experiment, deduce the condition for (a) constructive,
and (b) destructive interference at a point on the screen. Draw a graph showing
variation of intensity in the interference pattern against position ‘x’ on the
screen.

Sample Papers 239

 (ii) Compare the interference pattern observed in Young’s double slit experiment
with single slit diffraction pattern, pointing out three distinguishing features.
OR
(i) Plot a graph to show variation of the angle of deviation as a function of angel of
incidence for light passing through a prism. Derive an expression for refractive
index of the prism in terms of angle of minimum deviation and angle of prism.
(ii) What is dispersion of light? What is its cause?
(iii) A ray of light incident normally on one face of a right isosceles prism is totally
reflected as shown in figure. What must be minimum value of refractive index
of glass? Give relevant calculation

26. (i) Define the term drift velocity

(ii) On the basis of electron drift, derive an expression for resistivity of a conductor
in ten density of free electrons and relaxation time. On what factors does
resistivity of a conduc
(iii) Why alloys like constantun and manganin are used for making standard
resistors?
OR
(i) State the principle of working of a potentiometer.
(ii) In the following potentiometer circuit AB is a uniform wire of length 1 in and
resistance R the potential gradient along the wire and balance length AO (= l).

240 Physics Class-XII

 CBSE (DELHI) – 2018

Time – 3 hrs: MM. – 70

General Instructions:
(i) All questions are compulsory. There are 26 questions in all.
(ii) This question paper has five sections: Section A, Section B, Section C,
Section D and Section E.
(iii) Section A contains five questions of one mark each, Section B contains
five questions of two marks each, Section C contains one ualue based
question of four marks and Section E contains three questions of five marks
each.
(iv) There is no overall choice. However, an internal choice has been provided
in one question of two marks, one question of three marks and all the three
question of five marks weightage. You have to attempt only one of the
choices in such questions.
(v) You may use the following ualues of physical constants wherever necessary:

c = 3 × 108 m/s
h = 6.63 × 10–34 Js
e = 1.6 × 10–19 C
m0 = 4 × 10–7 T mA–1
0 = 8.854 × 10–12 C2 N–1 m–2

1
= 9 × 109 N m2 C–2
4 0
Mass of electron (m0) = 9.1 × 10–31 kg
Mass of neutron = 1.673 × 10–27 kg
Mass of proton = 1.673 × 10–27 kg
Avogadro’s number = 6.023 × 1023 kg
Boltzmann constant = 1.38 × 10–23 JK–1

Sample Papers 275

 SECTION-A
1. A proton and an electron travelling along parallel paths enter a region of uniform
magnetic field, acting perpendicular to their paths. Which of them will move
in a circular path with higher frequency ?
2. Name the electromagnetic radiations used for (a) water purification, and (b)
eye surgery.
3. Draw graphs showing variation of photoelectric current with applied voltage
for two incident radiations of equal frequency and different intensities. Mark
the graph for the radiation of higher intensity.
4. Four nuclei of an element undergo fusion to form a heavier nucleus, with release
of energy. Which of the two — the parent or the daughter nucleus — would
have higher binding energy per nucleon?

SECTION B
6. Two electric bulbs P and Q have their resistances in the ratio of 1 : 2. They are
connected in series across a battery. Find the ratio of the power dissipation in
these bulbs.
7. A 10 V cell of negligible internal resistance is connected in parallel across a
battery of emf 200 V and internal resistance 38 Q. as shown in the figure. Find
the value of current in the circuit.

In a potentiometer arrangement for determining the emf of a cell, the balance

point of the cell in open circuit is 350 cm. When a resistance of 9 Q is used in
the external circuit of the cell, the balance point shifts to 300 cm. Determine
the internal resistance of the cell.

276 Physics Class-XII

8. (a) Why are infra-red waves often called heat waves ? Explain.
(b) What do you understand by the statement, “Electromagnetic waves transport
momentum”?
9. If light of wavelength 412-5 nm is incident on each of the metals given below,
which ones will show photoelectric emission and why ?

Metal Work Function (eV)

Na 1-.92
K 2.15
Ca 3.20
Mo 4.17

10. A carrier wave of peak voltage 15 V is used to transmit a message signal. Find
the peak voltage of the modulating signal in order to have a modulation index
of 60%.
11. Four point charges Q, q, Q and q are placed at the corners of a square side ‘a’
as shown in the figure.

Find the
(a) resultant electric force on a charge Q, and
(b) potential energy of this system.
OR
(a) Three point charges q, – 4q and 2q are placed at the vertices of an equilateral
triangle ABC of side ‘l’ as shown in the figure. Obtain the expression for
the magnitude of the resultant electric force acting on the charge q.

Sample Papers 277

 (b) Find out the amount of the work done to separate the charges at infinite distance.
12. (a) Define the term ‘conductivity’ of a metallic wire. Write its SI unit.
(b) Using the concept of free electrons in a conductor, derive the expression for
the conductivity of a wire in terms of number density and relaxation time.
Hence obtain the relation between current density and the applied electric field
E.
13. A bar magnet of magnetic moment 6 J/T is aligned at 60° with a uniform external
magnetic field of 0.44 T. Calculate (a) the work done in turning the magnet to align
its magnetic moment (i) normal to the magnetic field, (ii) opposite to the magnetic
field, and (b) the torque on the magnet in the final orientation in case (ii).
14. (a) An iron ring of relative permeability has windings of insulated copper wire of n
turns per metre. When the current in the windings is I, find the expression for
the magnetic field in the ring.
(b) The susceptibility of a magnetic material is 0.9853. Identify the type of magnetic
material. Draw the modification of the field pattern on keeping a piece of this
material in a uniform magnetic field.
15. (a) Show using a proper diagram how unpolarised light can be linearly polarised by
reflection from a transparent glass surface.
(b) The figure shows a ray of light falling normally on the face AB of an equilateral
3 4
glass prism having refractive index placed in water of refractive index
2 3
Will this ray suffer total internal reflection on striking the face AC ? Justify
your answer.

278 Physics Class-XII

16. (a) If one of two identical slits producing interference in Young’s experiment is
covered with glass, so that the light intensity passing through it is reduced to
50%, find the ratio of the maximum and minimum intensity of the fringe in the
interference pattern.
(b) What kind of fringes do you expect to observe if white light is used instead of
monochromatic light ?
17. A symmetric biconvex lens of radius of curvature R and made of glass of refractive
index 15, is placed on a layer of liquid placed on top of a plane mirror as shown
in the figure. An optical needle with its tip on the principal axis of the lens is
moved along the axis until its real, inverted image coincides with the needle itself.
The distance of the needle from the lens is measured to be x. On removing the
liquid layer and repeating the experiment, the distance is found to be y. Obtain the
expression for the refractive index of the liquid in terms of x and y.

Sample Papers 279

18. (a) State Bohr’s postulate to define stable orbits in hydrogen atom. How does de
Broglie’s hypothesis explain the stability of these orbits ?
(b) A hydrogen atom initially in the ground state absorbs a photon which excites it
to the n = 4 level. Estimate the frequency of the photon.
19. (a) Explain the processes of nuclear fission and nuclear fusion by using the plot of
binding energy per nucleon (BE/A) versus the mass number A.
(b) A radioactive isotope has a half-life of 10 years. How long will it take for the
activity to reduce to 3-125% ?
20. (a) A student wants to use two p-n junction diodes to convert alternating current
into direct current. Draw the labelled circuit diagram she would use and explain
how it works.

280 Physics Class-XII

 SECTION-E

24. (a) Define electric flux. Is it a scalar or a vector q

quantity ? d/2
A point charge q is at a distance of d/2
directly above the centre of a square of O
side d, as shown in the figure. Use Gauss’
law to obtain the expression for the electric
flux through the square.
(b) If the point charge is now moved to a d
distance’d’ from the centre of the square and the side of the square is doubled,
explain how the electric flux will be affected.
OR

(a) Use Gauss’ law to derive the expression for the electric field ( E ) due to a
straight uniformly charged infinite line of charge density  C/m.
(b) Draw a graph to show the variation of E with perpendicular distance r from the
line of charge.
(c) Find the work done in bringing a charge q from perpendicular distance r from
the line of charge.
A device X is connected acrons an ac source of voltage V = V0 sin t. The current
 
through X is given as I = I0 sin  t + 
.
2
(a) Identify the device X and write the expression for its reactance.
(b) Draw graphs showing variation of variation of voltage and current with time
over one cycle of ac, for X.
(c) How does the reactance of the device X vary with frequency of the ac? Show
this variation graphically.
(d) Draw the phasor diagram for the device X.
26. (a) Draw a ray diagram to show image formation when the concave mirror produces
a real, inverted and magnified image of the object.
(b) Obtain the mirror formula and write the expression for the linear magnification.
(c) Explain two advantages of a reflecting telescope over a refracting telescope.
OR

Sample Papers 281

 (a) Define a wavefront. Using Huygens’ principle, verify the laws of reflection at
a plane surface.
(b) In a single slit diffraction experiment, the width of the slit is made double the
original width. How does this affect the size and intensity of the central diffraction
band ? Explain.
(c) When a tiny circular obstacle is placed in the path of light from a distant source,
a bright spot is seen at the centre of the obstacle. Explain why.

282 Physics Class-XII

 Sample Question Paper
Class XII –Physics
(Applicable for March 2019 Examination)

Time Allowed: 3 Hours Maximum Marks: 70

General Instructions
1. All questions are compulsory. There are 27 questions in all.
2. This question paper has yow sections: Section A, Section B, Section C and
Section D
3. Section A contains five questions of one mark each, Section B contains seven
questions of two marks each, Section C contains twelve questions of three
marks each, and Section D contains three questions of five marks each.
4. There is no overall choice. However, an internal choice has been provided in
one question of two marks, one question of three marks and all the three
questions of five marks weightage. You have to attempt only one of the choices
in such questions.
5. You may use the following values ofphysical constants wherever necessary.
c = 3 × 108 m/s
h = 6.63 × 10–34Js
e = 1.6 × 10–19 C
0 = 4 × 10–7 T m–2
0 = 8.854 × 10–12 C2N–1m–2
1
= 9 × 109 Nm2C2
4 0
me = 9.1 × 10–31 kg
mass of neutron = 1.675 × 10–27 kg
mass of proton = 1.673 × 10–27 kg
Avogadro’s number = 6.023 × 1023 per gram mole
Boltzmann constant = 1.38 × 10–23 JK–1

308 Physics Class-XII

 Section A

1. Figure shows a point charge +Q, located at a distance R/

2 from the centre of a spherical metal shell. Draw the
electric field lines for the given system. (1)

2. Give an example of a material each for which temperature

coefficient of resistivity is (i) positive, (ii) negative.
3. State the factors on which the refractive index of
a material medium for a given wavelength
depends.
4. Sketch the emergent wavefront.
5. In the wave picture of light, intensity of light is
determined by square of the amplitude of wave. What determines the intensity of
light in the photon picture of light?

Section B

6. (a) An alternating voltage E = E0 sint is applied to a circuit containing a resistor R

connected in series with a black box. The current in the circuit is found to be I
= I0 sin (t + /4).

(i) State whether the element in the black box is a capacitor or inductor.
(ii) Draw the corresponding phasor diagram and find the impedance in terms of R.
7. The magnetic field in a plane electromagnetic wave is given by:
By = 12 × 10–8 sin (1.20 × 107 z + 3.60 × 1015 t) T. Calculate the
(i) Energy density associated with the Electromagnetic wave
(ii) Speed. of the wave
8. A spherical convex surface of radius of curvature 20 cm, made of glass ( =
1.5) is placed in air. Find the position of the image formed, if a point object is
placed at 30 cm in front of the convex surface on the principal axis.

Sample Papers 309

9. Name the optoelectronic device used for detecting optical signals and mention the
biasing in which it is operated. Draw its I- V characteristics.
11. A monochromatic light source of power 5mW emits 8 X 1013 photons per second.
This light ejects photoelectrons from a metal surface. The stopping potential for
this set up is 2V. Calculate the work function of the metal. (2)
12. The following table shows some measurements of the decay rate of a radionuclide
sample. Find the disintegration constant. (2)

Time (min) lnR(Bq)

36 5.08
100 3.29
164 1.52
218 1.00

Section C

13. (a) How many electrons must be added to one plate and removed from the
other so as to store 25.0 J of energy in a 5.0 nF parallel plate capacitor?
(b) How would you modify this capacitor so that it can store 50.0 J of energy
without changing the charge on. its plates?

310 Physics Class-XII

14. A point charge +Q is placed at the centre 0 of an uncharged hollow spherical
conductor of inner radius ‘a’ and outer radius ‘b’. Find the following:
(a) The magnitude and sign of the charge induced on the inner and outer surface
of the conducting shell.

a
(b) The magnitude of electric field vector at a distance (i) r = , and (ii) r = 2b,
2
from the centre of the shell.

15. The following table gives the length of three copper wires, their diameters, and
the applied potential difference across their ends. Arrange the wires in increasing
order according to the following:
(a) The magnitude of the electric field within them,
(b) The drift speed of electrons through them, and
(c) The current density within them.

Wire Length Diameter Potential

no. Difference

1 L 3d V

2 2L d V

3 3L 2d 2V

16. A musltirange voltmeter can be constructed by using a galvanometer circuit as

shown in the figure. We want to construct a voltmeter that can measure 2V,
20V and 200V using a galvanometer of resistance 10Q and that produces
maximum deflection for current of 1 mA. Find the value of Rl, R2 and R3 that
have to be used.

Sample Papers 311

17· Figure shows a metal .rod PQ of length /, resting on the smooth horizontal rails AB
positioned between the poles of a permanent magnet. The rails, rod and the magnetic
field B are in three mutually perpendicular directions. A galvanometer G connects
the rails through a key ‘k’. Assume the magnetic field to be uniform. Given the
resistance of the closed loop containing the rod is R.
(i) Suppose K is open and the rod is moved with a speed v in the direction shown.
Find the polarity and the magnitude of induced emf.
(ii) With K open and the rod moving uniformly, there is no net force on the electrons
in the rod PQ even though they do experience magnetic force due to the motion
of the rod. Explain.
(iii) What is the induced emf in the moving rod if the magnetic field is parallel to the
rails instead of being perpendicular?

18. With the help of a diagram, explain the principle of a device which changes a low
voltage into a high voltage but does not violate the law of conservation of energy.
Give any one reason why the device may not be 100% efficient.

312 Physics Class-XII

19. In a double slit experiment, the distance between the slits is 3 mm and the slits are 2
m away from the screen. Two interference patterns can be seen on the screen one
due to light with wavelength 480 nm, and the other due to light with wavelength
600 nm. What is the separation on the screen between the fifth order bright fringes
of the two interference patterns?
20. What do you understand by the statement ‘Light from the sun is unpolarised’.
Explain how does sunlight gets polarized by the process of scattering?
21. Explain how does (i) photoelectric current and (ii) kinetic energy of the
photoelectrons emitted in a photocell vary if the frequency of incident radiation
is doubled, but keeping the intensity same? Show the graphical variation in
the above two cases.
OR
(i) Name the experiment which confirms the existence of wave nature of
electrons. Derive the expression for de-Broglie wavelength of an electron
moving under a potential difference of V volts, (ii) An electron and a proton
have the same Kinetic Energy. Which of these particles has the shorter de-
Broglie wavelength?

23. The energy levels of an atom of element X are shown in the diagram. Which
one of the level transitions will result in the emission of photons of wavelength
620 nm? Support your answer with mathematical calculations.
24. Draw a graph showing the variation of binding energy per nucleon versus the
mass number A. Explain with the help of this graph, the release of energy in
the process of nuclear fission and fusion.

Sample Papers 313

25. A message signal of frequency 20 KHz and peak voltage of 20 volts is used to
modulate a carrier signal of frequency 2 MHz and peak voltage of 40 volts.
Determine (i) modulation index, (ii) the side bands produced. Draw the
corresponding frequency spectrum of amplitude modulated signal.
25. (a) A particle of charge q is moving with velocity v in the presence of crossed
Electric field E and Magnetic field B as shown. Write the condition under
which the particle will continue moving along x- axis. How would the
trajectory of the particle be affected if the electric field is switched off?

(b) A horizontal wire AB of length T and mass ‘m’ carries a steady current l 1;
free to move in vertical plane is in equilibrium at a height of ‘h’ over
another parallel long wire CD carrying a steady current l2, which is fixed
in a horizontal plane as shown. Derive the expression for the force acting
per unit length on the wire AB and write the condition for which wire AB
is in equilibrium.

(a) An electron in the ground state of Hydrogen atom is revolving in a circular

orbit of radius R. Obtain the expression for the orbital magnetic moment
of the electron in (b) Draw the magnetic field lines for a current carrying
solenoid when a rod made of (i) copper, (ii) aluminium and (iii) iron are
inserted within the solenoid as shown.

314 Physics Class-XII

26. (a) Draw a ray diagram of compound microscope for the final image formed at
least distance of distinct vision?
(b) An angular magnification of 30X is desired using an objective of focal length
1.25 cm and an eye piece of focal length 5 cm. How will you set up the
compound microscope for the final image formed at least distance of distinct
vision?
OR
(a) Draw a ray diagram of an astronomical telescope for the final image formed at
least distance of distinct vision?
(b) An astronomical telescope has an angular magnification of magnitude 5 for
distant objects. The separation between the objective and an eye piece is 36
cm and the final image is formed at infinity. Calculate the focal length of the
objective and the focal length of the eye piece?

Sample Papers 315

 Practice Paper
Class XII –Physics

Time Allowed: 3 Hours Maximum Marks: 70

General Instructions
(i) All questions are compulsory. There are 37 questions in all.
(ii) This question paper has four sections A, B, C and D.
(iii) Section A contains ‘20’ questions of ‘1’ mark each,
Section B contains ‘7’ questions of ‘2’ marks each,
Section C contains ‘7’ questions of ‘3’ marks each,
Section D contains ‘3’ questions of ‘5’ marks each,
(iv) There is no overall choice. However internal choice is provided in some questions
of each section.
(v) You may use the following values of physical constants wherever necessary.
C = 3 × 108 m/s
h = 6.63 × 10–34 JS
e = 1.6 × 10–19 C
u0 = 4 × 10–7 T mA–1
E0 = 8.854 × 10–12 C2 N–1 m–2
1
= 9 × 109 Nm2C–2
4 0

mass of electron = 9.1 × 10–13 Kg

mass of Neutron = 1.675 × 10–27 Kg
mass of proton = 1.673 × 10–27 Kg
Avagadro's number = 6.023 × 1023 per gram mole.
Boltzmann constant = 1.38 × 10–23 JK–1

322 Physics Class-XII

 Section : A
1. How does the energy of dipole change when it is rotated from unstable
equilibrium to stable equilibrium in uniform Electric field?
2. The vertical component of Earth's magnetic field at a place is 3 times
the horizontal component, what is the value of dip at that place?
3. Name the type of biasing used in diode in the following circuit diagram

(–10V) (–5V)
A B

4. What is the ratio of radii of the orbits corresponding to first excited state
and ground state of hydrogen atom?
5. Arrange the following e.m. waves in descending order of wavelength.
(Gamma ( ray),. UV radiation, microwaves)
Or
Name the two physical quantities which are imparted by an em wave to a
surface on which it falls.
6. The power factor of an a.c. circuit is 0.5. What will be the phase difference
between voltage and current in this circuit?
7. What is the function of radial magnetic field in moving coil galvanometer?
8. Draw the electric field versus distance for a spherical shell of radius R
and charge Q > 0 from centre to the r > R.
Or
What is the work done in moving a test charge ‘q’ through a distance of 1
cm along the equatorial axis of an electric dipole?
9. What is Doping in semiconductors?
Or
Write one use of photodiode.
10. In a single slit diffraction experiment the width of slit is reduced to half
of its original width. How does it affect the size of central maxima?

Practice Papers 323

 11. The number of turns of a solenoid is doubled keeping the other factors
constant. How does the self inductance of the solenoid change?
12. A proton and an alpha particle has same de-Broglie wavelength. What will
be the ratio of kinetic energies of the two.
13. In the following figure, what is the potential difference between A and B?

A 10  2A 12V B

14. How does the angle of minimum deviation of a glass prism of refractive index.
1.5 change. If it is immersed in a liquid of refractive index of 1.3?
Or
If a ray of light propagates from rare to denser medium, how does its frequency
and wavelength change.
15. Name the radiations used for detecting fake currency notes?
16. Two point charges repel each other with a force F when placed in water of
dielectric constant 81. What will be the force between them when placed the
same distance apart in air?
17. Under what condition on electron will move undeflected in the presence of
crossed electric and magnetic fields?
Or
Write any two uses of eddy current.
18. A point charge Q > 0 is placed at ‘0’ as shown in Fig. what will be the value
of VA – VB.
Q>0
O A B

19. You are required to select a carbon resistor of resistance 47 K ± 10%

from a large collection. What should be the sequence of color bands
used to code it.
20. Which optical phenomenon is responsible for sparkling of diamond?

324 Physics Class-XII

 Section B

21. State Gauss's theorem is Electrostatics. A charge of 17.7 × 10 –4C is

distributed over a large sheet of area 200 m2. Calculate the electric field
intensity at a distance 20 cm from it in air.
22. What is induced e.m.f.? Write Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction.
Express it mathematically.
Or
A metallic rod of length ‘l’ is rotated with angular frequency of ‘w’ with
one end hinged at the centre and the other end at the circumference of a
circular metallic ring of radius ‘l’ about an axis passing through its centre
and perpendicular to the plane of ring. A constant and uniform magnetic
field ‘B’ parallel to the axis is present everywhere. Deduce an expression
for the emf between the centre and the metallic ring.
23. (a)Why do welders wear special glass goggles?
(b)Ultraviolet rays are used in LASIK eye surgery. Why?
24. Using Bohr's quantisation condition, show that the circumference of the
electron orbit in nth orbital state in hydrogen atom in n times the de-
Broglie wavelength associated with it.
25. Name the device which is used as a voltage regulator. Draw the necessary
circuit diagram and explain its working.
26. A galvanometer needs 50 mV for full scale deflection of 50 divisions. Find its
voltage sensitivity. What must be the galvanometer resistance if its current
sensitivity is 1 Div/A.
27. The value of ground state energy of hydrogen atom is – 13.6 eV.
(a)What does the negative sign signify?
(b)How much energy is required to take the electron from ground state to
first excited state.
Or

Practice Papers 325

 Show that Nuclear density of a nucleus is independent of its mass number.
Section C

28. (a)Derive an expression for the work done in rotating on electric dipole of
dipole moment p in a uniform electric field ‘E’ from an orientation 1 to 2.
(b)Show that potential at a point on equational line of an electric dipole is
zero.
Or
(a)Obtain an expression for the energy stored in a parallel plate capacitor.
(b)A battery of 10 V is connected to a capacitor of 0.1 F. The battery is now
removed and the capacitor is then connected to a second uncharged capacitor
of same capacitance. Calculated the total energy stored in the system.
29. (a)What do you understand by power of a lens. Define its unit.
(b)A convex lens of focal length 25 cm is placed coaxially in contact with a
concave lens of focal length 20 cm.
Determine the power and Nature of Combination.
30. On the basis of Energy band diagrams distinguish between conductors,
insulators and semiconductors.
31. Plot a graph showing the variation of stopping potential with the frequency
of incident radiation for two difference photosensitive materials having
work function W1 and W2 (W1 > W2). On what factors does the (i) slope
(ii) intercept of lines depend?
32. (a)Define magnetic dipole moment. Give its S.I. unit.
(b)A circular coil of N turns and radius R carries a current I. It is unwound
and rewound to make a square coil of side a having same number of
turns N. Keeping the current I same, find the ratio of the magnetic moments
of a square and circular coil?
33. Using Huygen's principle, prove Snell's law of refraction of a plane
wave propagating from rarer to denser medium.

326 Physics Class-XII

 Or
(a) Draw a ray diagram to show the formation of the real image of a point
Object due to a convex spherical refracting surface, when the ray is
travelling from a rarer to denser medium.
(b) Using this diagram, derive a relation between object distance range
distance and radius of curvature of convex spherical surface.
34. (a) Write a relation between mean life and half life of a radioactive
sample.
(b) A radioactive sample contains 2.2 mg of pure 11C which has half life
period of 1224 seconds calculate:
(i) No. of atoms present initially.
(ii) The activity when 5 μg of the sample will be left.
SECTION D


35. (a) Derive the relation between current density ‘ j ’ and potential difference
V across a current carrying conductor of length ‘l’, area of cross section
‘A’ and the number density ‘n’ of free electrons.
(b) Estimate the average drift speed of conduction electrons in a copper
wire of cross-sectional area 1.0× 10–7 m2 carrying a current of 1.5 A.
The no. density of conduction electrons is 9 × 1028 m–3.
Or
(a) State the principle of working of a metre bridge.
(b) Which material is used for metre bridge wire and why.
(c) In a metre bridge shown in diagram, the null point is found 60 cm from
end A. If now a resistance of 5 is connected in series with S. The null
point is at 50 cm. Determine the value of R and S.

Practice Papers 327

 R
S

G
A B

()
36. (a) With the help of a labelled diagram, describe briefly the underlying principle
and working of a step up transformer.
(b) Write any two sources of energy loss in a transformer.
(c) A step up transformer converts a low input voltage into a high voltage
output. Is law of conservation of energy valid explain.
Or
(a) A voltage V = Vm sin t is applied to a series LCR circuit. Derive
an expression for the average power dissipated over a cycle.
(b) Under what condition (i) no power is dissipated even though the
current flows throught the circuit (ii) maximum power is dissipated
in the circuit.
37. (a) In Young's double slit experiment, derive the condition for
constructive interference and (ii) destructive interference at a point
on the screen.
(b) A beam of light consisting of two wavelengths 800 nm and 600 nm
is used to obtain the interference fringes in a YDSE on a screen 1.4
m away. If the two slits are separated by 0.28 mm. Calculate the
least distance from the central bright maximum where the bright
fringes of the two wavelengths Coincide.
Or
(a) Explain with the help of a suitable ray diagram how an unpolarised
light can be polarised by reflection from a transparent medium.
Deduce the necessary condition for it.
(b) The refractive index of a medium is 3 . What is the angle of
refraction, if the unpolarised light is incident on it act the polarising
angle of the medium.

328 Physics Class-XII

 PRACTICE PAPER
PHYSICS
Time : 3 Hrs. M.M.: 70
General Instructions
(i) All questions are compulsory. There are 37 questions in all.
(ii) This question paper has four sections A, B, C and D.
(iii) Section A contains ‘20’ questions of ‘1’ mark each,
Section B contains ‘7’ questions of ‘2’ marks each,
Section C contains ‘7’ questions of ‘3’ marks each,
Section D contains ‘3’ questions of ‘5’ marks each,
(iv) There is no overall choice. However internal choice have been provided in
Five questions of one mark, two questions of two marks, two questions of
three marks and three questions of five marks weightage. You have to
attempt only one of the choices in such questions.
(v) You may use the following values of physical constants wherever necessary.
C = 3 × 108 m/s
h = 6.63 × 10–34 JS
e = 1.6 × 10–19 C
u0 = 4 × 10–7 T mA–1
0 = 8.854 × 10–12 C2 N–1 m–2
1
= 9 × 109 Nm2C–2
4 0

mass of electron = 9.1 × 10–13 Kg

mass of Neutron = 1.675 × 10–27 Kg
mass of proton = 1.673 × 10–27 Kg
Avagadro's number = 6.023 × 1023 per gram mole.
Boltzmann constant = 1.38 × 10–23 JK–1

346 Physics Class-XII

 SECTION A
1. What orientation of an electric dipole in uniform electric field corresponds to
its (i) stable and (ii) unstable equilibrium.
2. The plot of the variation of potential difference across a combination of three
identical cells in series versus current is as shown below. What is the emf of
each cell?

I-V graph for a metallic wire at two different temperatures, T1 and T2 is as

shown in figure. Which of the two temperature is lower and why?

3. How will you produce EMW?

4. An equiconvex lens has refractive index 1.5. Write its focal length in terms of
radius of curvature?
Or
How does the power of a lens, vary, if the incident red light is replaced by
violet light?
5. In the given figure, charge + Q is placed at the centre of a dotted circle.

Practice Papers 347

 Work done in taking another charge + q from A to B is W1 and from B to C
is W2. Which one of the following is correct : W1 > W2, W1 = W2 and W1
< W 2?

6. Plot a graph showing the variation of current ‘l’ versus resistance ‘R’,
connected to a cell of emf E and internal resistance ‘r’.
7. State the factor on which the refractive index of a material medium for a
given wavelength depends.
8. Sketch the emergent wavefront.

9. In the wave picture of light, intensity of light is determined by square of the

amplitude of wave. What determines the intensity of light in the photon picture
of light?
10. A point charge Q is placed at point O as shown in the figure. The potential
difference VA – VB is positive. Is the charge Q negative or positive?

Or
A hollow metal sphere of radius 5 cm is charged such that the potential on its
surface is 10 V. What is the potential at the centre of the sphere?

348 Physics Class-XII

11. Give an example of a material each for which temperature coefficient of
resistivity is (i) positive, (ii) negative.
12. Sketch a schematic diagram depicting oscillating electric and magnetic fields
of an electromagnetic wave propagating along + z-direction.
13. For the same angle of incidence, the angle of refraction in two media A and B
are 25° and 30° respectively. In which one of the two media is the speed of
light lesser?
Or
The refractive index of a material of concave lens is n1. It is immersed in a
medium of refractive index n2. A parallel beam of light is incident on the lens.
Trace the path of emergent rays when n1 > n2.
14. The figure shows a plot of three curves a, b, c show in the variation of
photocurrent versus collector plate potential for three different intensities I1,
I2 and I3 having frequencies v1, v2 and v3 respectively incident on a
photosensitive surface.

Point out the two curves for which the incident radiations have same frequency
but different intensities.
15. Two metals A and B have work functions 4 eV and 10 eV respectively.
Which of the metal has higher threshold wavelength?
16. State the SI unit of the electric polarization vector?
17. Define temperature coefficient of resistivity.

Practice Papers 349

 18. Name the electromagnetic waves that are widely used as a diagnostic tool in
medicine.
Or
Name the current which can flow even in the absence of electric charge.
19. A ray of light is incident on a medium with angle of incidence ‘i’ and is refracted
into a second medium with angle of refraction ‘r’. The graph of sin i versus
sin r is as shown. Find the ratio of the velocity of light in the first medium to
the velocity of light in the second medium.

20. Two particles have equal momenta. What is the ratio of their de-Broglie
wavelengths?
Or
Monochromatic light of frequency 0.6 × 1014 Hz is produced by a laser.
What is the energy of a photon in the light beam?
21. Six-lead-acid type of secondary cells each of emf 2V and internal resistance
0.015  joined in series to provide a supply to a resistance of 8.5 . What are
the current drawn from the supply and its terminal voltage?
22. An alternating voltage E = E0 sin t is applied to a circuit containing a resistor
R connected in series with a black box. The current in the circuit is found to
be I = I0 sin (t + /2).

350 Physics Class-XII

 (a)State whether the element in the black box is a capacitor or inductor.
(b)Draw the corresponding phasor diagram and find the impedance in terms
of R.
23. A network of resistors is connected to a 16 V battery with internal resistance
of 1 , as shown in the following figure. Compute the equivalent resistance
of the network.

Or
A 9V battery is connected in series with a resistor. The terminal voltage is
found to be 8 V. Current through the circuit is measured as 5A. What is the
internal resistance of the battery?
24. The diagram below shows a potentiometer set up. On touching the jockey
near to the end X of the potentiometer wire, the galvanometer pointer
deflects to left. On touching the jockey near to end Y of the potentiometer,
the galvanometer pointer again deflects to left but now by a larger amount.
Identify the fault in the circuit and explain, using appropriate equations
or otherwise, how it leads to such a one-sided deflection.

Practice Papers 351

 Or
Following circuit was set up in a meter bridge experiment of determine the
value X of an unknown resistance.

(a) Write the formula to be used for finding X from the observations.
(b) If the resistance R is increased, what will happen to balancing length?
25. The figure shows two sinusoidal curves representing oscillating supply voltage
and current in an ac circuit.

Draw a phasor diagram to represent the current and supply voltage

appropriately as phasors. State the phase different between the two
quantities.
26. Compare the following :
(a) Wavelengths of the incident solar radiation absorbed by the earth's
surface and the radiation re-radiated by the earth.
(b) Tanning effect produced on the skin by UV radiation incident directly on
the skin and that coming through glass window.
27. A narrow slit is illuminated by a parallel beam of monochromatic light of

352 Physics Class-XII

 wavelength equals to 6000 Å and the angular width of the central maxima
in the resulting diffraction pattern is measured. When the slit is next illuminated
by light of wavelength , the angular width decreases by 30%. Calculate the
value of the wavelength .
SECTION C
28. (a) How many electrons must be added to one plate and removed from the
other so as to sore 25.0 J of energy in a 5.0 nF parallel place capacitor?
(b) How would you modify this capacitor so that it can store 50.0 J of
energy without changing the charge on its plates?
29. A point charge + Q is placed at the centre O of an uncharged hollow
spherical conductor of inner radius ‘a’ and outer radius ‘b’. Find the
following:
(a) The magnitude and sign of the charge induced on the inner and outer
surface of he conducting shell.

a
(b) The magnitude of electric field vector at a distance (i) r = , and (ii) r =
2
2b, from the centre of the shell.

30. The following table gives he length of three copper wires, their diameters,
and the applied potential difference across their ends. Arrange the wires
in increasing order according to the following:
(a) The magnitude of the electric field within them,
(b) The drif speed of electrons through them, and
(c) The current density within them.

Practice Papers 353

 Wire no. Length Diameter Potential difference
1 L 3d V
2 2L d V
3 3L 2d 2V
31. A multirange voltmeter can be constructed by using a galvanometer circuit as
shown in the figure. We want to construct a voltmeter that can measure 2V,
20V and 200V using a galvanometer of resistance 10 and that produces
maximum deflection for current of 1 mA. Find the value of R1, R2 and R3
that have to be used.

Or
Figure shows a metal rod PQ of length l, resting on the smooth horizontal
rails AB positioned between the poles of a permanent magnet. The rails,
rod and the magnetic field B are in three mutually perpendicular
directions. A galvanometer G connects the rails through a key ‘k’. Assume
the magnetic field to be uniform. Given the resistance of the closed loop
containing the rod is R.
(a) Suppose K is open and the rod is moved with a speed v in the
direction shown. Find the polarity and the magnitude of induced
emf.
(b) With K open and the rod moving uniformly, there is no net force on the
electrons in the rod PQ even though they do experience magnetic force
due to the motion of the rod. Explain.

354 Physics Class-XII

 (c)What is the induced emf in the moving rod if the magnetic field is parallel
to the rails instead of being perpendicular?

32. With the help of a diagram, explain the principle of a device which changes a
low voltage into a high voltage but does not violate the law of conservation of
energy. Give any one reason why the device may not be 100% efficient.
33. In a double slit experiment, the distance between the slits is 3 mm and the
slits are 2 m away from the screen. Two interference patterns can be seen on
the screen one due to light with wavelength 480 nm, and the other due to
light with wavelength 600 nm. What is the separation on the screen between
the fifth order bright fringes of the two interference patterns?
Or
What do you understand by the statement ‘Light from the sun is unpolarised’.
Explain how does sunlight gets polarized by the process of scattering?
34. Explain how does (i) photoelectric current and (ii) kinetic energy of the
photoelectrons emitted in a photocell vary if the frequency of incident
radiation is doubled, but keeping the intensity same? Show the graphical
variation in the above two cases.
Section D
35. (a) A particle of charge q is moving with velocity v in the presence of crossed
Electric field E and Magnetic field B as shown. Write the condition
under which the particle will continue moving along x-axis. How would
the trajectory of the particle be affected if the electric field is switched
off?

Practice Papers 355

 (b) A horizontal wire AB of length ‘l’ and mass ‘m’ carries a steady current
I1, free to move in vertical plane in equilibrium at a height of ‘h’ over
another parallel long wire CD carrying a steady current I2 which is fixed
in a horizontal plane as shown. Derive the expression for the force acting
per unit length on the wire AB and write the condition for which wire AB
is in equilibrium.

Or
(a) An electron in the ground state of Hydrogen atom is revolving in a circular
orbit of radius R. Obtain the expression for the orbital magnetic moment
of the electron in terms of fundamental constants.
(b) Draw the magnetic field lines for a current carrying solenoid when a rod
made of (i) copper, (ii) aluminium and (iii) iron are inserted within the
solenoid

36. (a) There are two sets of apparatus of Young's double slit experiment. In set
A, the phase difference between the two waves emanatin from the slits

356 Physics Class-XII

 does not change with time, whereas in set B, the phase difference between
he two waves from the slits changes rapidly with time. What difference
will be observed in the pattern obtained on the screen in the two set
ups?
(b) Deduce the expression for the resultant intensity in both the above
mentioned set ups (A and B), assuming that the waves emanating from
the two slits have the same amplitude A and same wavelength l.
Or
(a) The two polaroids, in a given set up, are kept ‘crossed’ with respect to
each other. A third polaroid, now put in between these two polaroids,
The third poland can be rotated. Find an expression for the dependence
of the intensity of light I, transmitted by the system, on the angle between
the pass axis of first and the third polaroid. Draw a graph showing the
dependence of Intensity on angle of rotation.
(b) When an unpolarized light is incident on a plane glass surface, find the
expression for the angle of incidence so that the reflected and refracted
light rays are perpendicular to each other. What is the state of polarisation,
of reflected and refracted light, under this condition?
37. (a) Why are photodiodes preferably operated under reverse bias when the
current in the forward bias is known to be more than that in reverse
bias?
(b) The two optoelectronic devices: Photodiode and solar cell, have the
same working principle but differ in terms of their process of operation.
Explain the difference between the two devices in terms of (i) biasing,
(ii) junction area and (iii) I-V characteristics.
Or
(a) Explain the processes involved in the formation of p-n junction.
(b) Draw a circuit diagram of full wave rectifier. Explain its working principle.
Draw the input/output waveforms indicating clearly the functions of the
two diodes used.

Practice Papers 357

 PRACTICE PAPER
CLASS XII
PHYSICS
Time : 3 Hrs. M.M.: 70
Section A
1. Draw the pattern of electric field lines, when a point charge - Q is kept near
an uncharged conducting plate.
Or
Define the term ‘dielectric constant’ of a material.
2. Why is the electrostatic potential inside a charged conducting shell constant
throughout the volume of the conductor?
3. How is the drift velocity in a conductor affected with the rise in temperature?
4. A carbon resistor is shown in the figure. Using colour code, write the value of
the resistance.

5. Where on the surface of the Earth, is the vertical component of Earth's

magnetic field zero?
Or
The magnetic susceptibility x of a given material is – 0.5. Identify the
magnetic material.
6. The magnetic susceptibility of magnesium at 300 K is 1.2 × 105. At what
temperature will its magnetic susceptibility become 1 : 44 × 105?
7. Write the relation for the force acting on a charged particle q moving with
velocity v in the presence of a magnetic field B.
8. Define curie’s point for Magnetic Material.

358 Physics Class-XII

 9. Write two observation of Rutherford Experiment.
10. Write one drawback of Bohr's model of hydrogen atom.
11. What is the speed of light in a denser medium of polarising angle 30°?
Or
Why is convex mirror used as a side view mirror in a car?
12. A lens of large optical power bends the incident light more. Why?
13. Define the term “threshold frequency”, in the context of photoelectric emission.
Or
Plot a graph of the de-Broglie wavelength associated with a proton versus its
momentum.
14. Write any two properties of photon.
15. Define packing fraction.
Or
What is the unit of Decay constant?
16. Draw resistivity versus temperature graph for a semiconductor.
17. Which part of the electromagnetic spectrum is used in RADAR? Give its
frequency range.
18. What is the phase difference between E and B vector in a electromagnetic
wave.
19. What is physical significance of self inductance.
20. Define rms value of alternating current.
Section B
21. Apply Gauss's law to show that for a charged spherical shell, the electric
field outside the shell is, as if the entire charge were concentrated at the
centre.
22. The figure shows a network of five capacitors connected to 100 V supply.
Calculate the total energy stored in the network.

Practice Papers 359

 23. State Kirchhoff's laws for a circuit.
Or
Establish the relation between drift velocity and current.
24. Two long straight wires carrying currents of 2A and 5A in the same direction
are kept parallel, 10 cm apart from each other. Calculate the force acting
between them and write its nature.
25. A charged particle q is moving in the presence of a magnetic field B which is
inclined to an angle 30° with the direction of the motion of the particle. Draw
the trajectory followed by the particle in the presence of the field and explain
how the particle describes this path.
26. Calculate the radius of curvature of an equi-concave lens of refractive index
1.5, when it is kept in a medium of refractive index 1.4 to have a power of
5D?
Or
Draw the ray diagram of an astronomical telescope showing image formation
in the normal adjustment position. Write the expression for its magnifying
power.
27. Distinguish between nuclear fusion and nuclear fission. Give one example for
each.

360 Physics Class-XII

 Section C
28. (a) Draw the equipotential surfaces corresponding to a uniform electric field
in the z-direction.
(b) Derive an expression for the electric potential at any point along the
axial line of an electric dipole.
29. (a) Briefly explain how a galvanometer is converted into a voltmeter.
(b) A voltmeter of a certain range is constructed by connecting a resistance
of 980  in series with a galvanometer. When the resistance of 470 W
is connected in series, the range gets halved. Find the resistance of the
galvanometer.
Or
Find out magnetic field at a point on the axis due to current carrying circular loop.
30. The figures shows a series LCR circuit connected to a variable frequency
230 V source.

(a) Determine the source frequency which drives the circuit in resonance.
(b) Calculate the impedance of the circuit and amplitude of current at
resonance.
31. A triangular prism of refracting angle 60° is made of a transparent material

of refractive index 2 . A ray of light is incident normally on the face KL

3
as shown in the figure. Trace the path of the ray as its passes through the
prism and calculate the angle of emergence and angle of deviation.

Practice Papers 361

 32. How is a light emitting diode fabricated? Briefly explain the basic processes
involved in the emission of spontaneous radiation from it. Write two advantages
of LED lamps over the incandescent low power lamps.
33. (a) Draw the energy level diagram for the line spectra representing Lyman
series and Balmer series in the spectrum of hydrogen atom.
(b) Using the Rydberg formula for the spectrum of hydrogen atom, calculate
the longest and shortes-wavelengths of the emission lines of the Balmer
series in the spectrums of hydrogen atom. (Use the value of Rydberg
constant R = 1.1 × 107 m–1)
34. Write postulates of Bohr's atomic model of atom.
35. Derive expression for equivalent e.m.f. and equivalent resistance of a.
(a) Series combination
(b) Parallel combination
of three cells with emf E1, E2, E3 and internal resistance r1, r2, r3 respectively.
Or
(a) Describe briefly, with the help of a circuit diagram, the method of
measuring the internal resistance of a cell.
(b) Give reason why a potentiometer is preferred over a voltmeter for the
measurement of emf of a cell.
36. State the underlying principle of a cyclotron. Explain its working with the
help of a schematic diagram. Obtain the expression for cyclotron frequency.
(a) Why is the magnetic field radial in a moving coil galvanometer? Explain
how it is achieved.
(b) A galvanometer of resistance ‘G’ can be converted into a voltmeter of
range (0 – V) volts by connecting a resistance R in series with it. How
much resistance will be required to change its range from 0 to V/2 volt?
Or
(a) A rectangular loop of N turns and auq A of each turn, is kept in uniform
magnetic field of intensity, B. Deduce expression for torque acting on
the loop when its plane is inclined of angle q w.r.t. magnetic field B.

362 Physics Class-XII

 (b) A short bar magnet of magnetic moment M is turned in uniform magnetic
field of intensity B from stable equilibrium to unstable equilibrium.
Calculate mark done.
37. (a) Draw a labelled ray diagram of compound microscope, when final image
forms at the least distance of distinct vision.
(b) Why its objectives is of short focal length and of short aperture, compared
to its eyepiece lens? Explain.
(c) The focal length of the objective is 4 cm while that of eyepiece is 10 cm.
The object is placed at a distance of 6 cm from the objective lens.
Calculate the magnifying power of the compound microscope, if its final
image is formed at the near point.
Or
(a) Can the interference pattern by produced by two independent
monochromatic sources of light? Explain.
(b) The intensity at the central maximum (O) in a Young's double slit
experimental set-up shown in the figure is I0. If the distance OP equals
one-third of the fringe width of the pattern, show that the intensity at
I0
point P, would equal to .
4

(c) In Young's double slit experiment, the slits are separated by 0.5 mm and
screen is placed 1.0 m away from the slit. It is found that the 5th bright
fringe is at a distance of 4.13 mm from the 2nd dark fringe. Find the
wavelength of light used.

Practice Papers 363