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    Assignment 4

    Uploaded by

    ELahore Bazaar
    This document provides examples of using Steffensen's method to find the roots of three equations. The method is demonstrated by finding the root of the equations f(x) = x3 - x - 1, f(x) = 2x3 - 2x - 5, and f(x) = x3 + 2x2 + x - 1 over multiple iterations, converging on the approximate root in each case. Tables show the values of x and f(x) at each iteration step.

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    Assignment 4

    Uploaded by

    ELahore Bazaar
    14 views9 pages
    This document provides examples of using Steffensen's method to find the roots of three equations. The method is demonstrated by finding the root of the equations f(x) = x3 - x - 1, f(x) = 2x3 - 2x - 5, and f(x) = x3 + 2x2 + x - 1 over multiple iterations, converging on the approximate root in each case. Tables show the values of x and f(x) at each iteration step.

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    This document provides examples of using Steffensen's method to find the roots of three equations. The method is demonstrated by finding the root of the equations f(x) = x3 - x - 1, f(x) = 2x3 - 2x - 5, and f(x) = x3 + 2x2 + x - 1 over multiple iterations, converging on the approximate root in each case. Tables show the values of x and f(x) at each iteration step.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    14 views9 pages

    Assignment 4

    Uploaded by

    ELahore Bazaar
    This document provides examples of using Steffensen's method to find the roots of three equations. The method is demonstrated by finding the root of the equations f(x) = x3 - x - 1, f(x) = 2x3 - 2x - 5, and f(x) = x3 + 2x2 + x - 1 over multiple iterations, converging on the approximate root in each case. Tables show the values of x and f(x) at each iteration step.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 9

    Superior University

    Gold Campus
    Numerical Analysis & Computing
    By
    Mam Humaira Muqadas

    Obaidullah Mansoor BCSM-S20-006


    Zohaib Tahir BCSM-S20-041
    Mustatab Safdar BCSM-S20-047

    Assignment # 4
    Steffensen’s Method
    𝒇(𝒙𝒏 )𝟐
    𝒙𝒏+𝟏 = 𝒙𝒏 −
    𝒇(𝒙𝒏 + 𝒇(𝒙𝒏 )) − 𝒇(𝒙𝒏 )
    Example-1

    Find a root of an equation 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒙𝟑 − 𝒙 − 𝟏 using Steffensen's method


    Solution:

    Here 𝑥 3 − 𝑥 − 1 = 0

    Let 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 − 𝑥 − 1
    Here

    x 0 1 2

    f(x) -1 -1 5

    Here f(1)=-1<0andf(2)=5>0

    Root lies between 1 and 2

    1+2
    𝑥0 = = 1.5
    2
    𝑥0 = 1.5

    1st iteration :

    𝑛=0

    ( ) = 𝑓(1.5) = 1.5 − 1.5 − 1 = 0.875


    𝑓 𝑥0 3

    (
    𝑓 𝑥0 + 𝑓 𝑥0 ( )) = 𝑓(1.5 + 0.875) = 10.0215
    𝑓(𝑥0 )2
    𝑥1 = 𝑥0 −
    𝑓(𝑥0 + 𝑓(𝑥0 )) − 𝑓(𝑥0 )

    (0.875)2
    𝑥1 = 1.5 −
    10.0215 − 0.875
    𝑥1 = 1.4163

    2nd iteration :

    𝑛=1

    ( ) = 𝑓(1.4163) = (1.4163) − 1.4163 − 1 = 0.4246


    𝑓 𝑥1 3

    (
    𝑓 𝑥1 + 𝑓 𝑥1 ( )) = 𝑓(1.4163 + 0.4246) = 3.398
    𝑓(𝑥1 )2
    𝑥2 = 𝑥1 −
    𝑓(𝑥1 + 𝑓(𝑥1 )) − 𝑓(𝑥1 )

    (0.4246)2
    𝑥2 = 1.4163 −
    3.398 − 0.4246
    𝑥2 = 1.3557

    3rd iteration :

    𝑛=2

    ( ) = 𝑓(1.3557) = (1.3557) − 1.3557 − 1 = 0.1357


    𝑓 𝑥2 3

    (
    𝑓 𝑥2 + 𝑓 𝑥2 ( )) = 𝑓(1.3557 + 0.1357) = 0.8259
    𝑓(𝑥2 )2
    𝑥3 = 𝑥2 −
    𝑓(𝑥2 + 𝑓(𝑥2 )) − 𝑓(𝑥2 )

    (0.1357)2
    𝑥3 = 1.3557 −
    0.8259 − 0.1357
    𝑥3 = 1.3289

    4th iteration :

    𝑛=3

    ( ) = 𝑓(1.3289) = (1.3289) − 1.3289 − 1 = 0.0181


    𝑓 𝑥3 3

    (
    𝑓 𝑥3 + 𝑓 𝑥3 ( )) = 𝑓(1.3289 + 0.0181) = 0.0973
    𝑓(𝑥3 )2
    𝑥4 = 𝑥3 −
    𝑓(𝑥3 + 𝑓(𝑥3 )) − 𝑓(𝑥3 )

    (0.0181)2
    𝑥4 = 1.3289 −
    0.0973 − 0.0181
    𝑥4 = 1.3248

    5th iteration :

    𝑛=4

    ( ) = 𝑓(1.3248) = (1.3248) − 1.3248 − 1 = 0.0004


    𝑓 𝑥4 3

    (
    𝑓 𝑥4 + 𝑓 𝑥4 ( )) = 𝑓(1.3248 + 0.0004) = 0.0019
    𝑓(𝑥4 )2
    𝑥5 = 𝑥4 −
    𝑓(𝑥4 + 𝑓(𝑥4 )) − 𝑓(𝑥4 )

    (0.0004)2
    𝑥5 = 1.3248 −
    0.0019 − 0.0004
    𝑥5 = 1.3247

    Approximate root of the equation 𝑥 3 − 𝑥 − 1 = 0 using Steffensen's method is 1.3247 (After 5 iterations)

    𝒏 𝒙𝟎
    𝒇 𝒙𝟎( ) ( ( ))
    𝒇 𝒙 𝟎 + 𝒇 𝒙𝟎
    𝒙𝟏

    1 1.5 0.875 10.0215 1.4163

    2 1.4163 0.4246 3.398 1.3557

    3 1.3557 0.1357 0.8259 1.3289

    4 1.3289 0.0181 0.0973 1.3248

    5 1.3248 0.0004 0.0019 1.3247


    Example-2
    Find a root of an equation 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝟐𝒙𝟑 − 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟓 using Steffensen's method

    Solution:

    Here 2𝑥 3 − 2𝑥 − 5 = 0

    Let 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 3 − 2𝑥 − 5

    Here

    x 0 1 2

    f(x) -5 -5 7

    Here f(1)=-5<0andf(2)=7>0

    Root lies between 1 and 2

    1+2
    𝑥0 = = 1.5
    2
    𝑥0 = 1.5

    1st iteration :

    𝑛=0

    ( ) = 𝑓(1.5) = 2(1.5) − 2(1.5) − 5 = −1.25


    𝑓 𝑥0 3

    (
    𝑓 𝑥0 + 𝑓 𝑥0 ( )) = 𝑓(1.5 ± 1.25) = −5.4688
    𝑓(𝑥0 )2
    𝑥1 = 𝑥0 −
    𝑓(𝑥0 + 𝑓(𝑥0 )) − 𝑓(𝑥0 )

    (−1.25)2
    𝑥1 = 1.5 −
    −5.4688 − (−1.25)

    𝑥1 = 1.8704

    2nd iteration :

    𝑛=1

    ( ) = 𝑓(1.8704) = 2(1.8704) − 2(1.8704) − 5 = 4.3454


    𝑓 𝑥1 3

    (
    𝑓 𝑥1 + 𝑓 𝑥1 ( )) = 𝑓(1.8704 + 4.3454) = 462.8797
    𝑓(𝑥1 )2
    𝑥2 = 𝑥1 −
    𝑓(𝑥1 + 𝑓(𝑥1 )) − 𝑓(𝑥1 )

    (4.3454)2
    𝑥2 = 1.8704 −
    462.8797 − 4.3454
    𝑥2 = 1.8292

    3rd iteration :

    𝑛=2

    ( ) = 𝑓(1.8292) = 2(1.8292) − 2(1.8292) − 5 = 3.5823


    𝑓 𝑥2 3

    (
    𝑓 𝑥2 + 𝑓 𝑥2 ( )) = 𝑓(1.8292 + 3.5823) = 301.1224
    𝑓(𝑥2 )2
    𝑥3 = 𝑥2 −
    𝑓(𝑥2 + 𝑓(𝑥2 )) − 𝑓(𝑥2 )

    (3.5823)2
    𝑥3 = 1.8292 −
    301.1224 − 3.5823
    𝑥3 = 1.7861

    4th iteration :

    𝑛=3

    ( ) = 𝑓(1.7861) = 2(1.7861) − 2(1.7861) − 5 = 2.823


    𝑓 𝑥3 3

    (
    𝑓 𝑥3 + 𝑓 𝑥3 ( )) = 𝑓(1.7861 + 2.823) = 181.6021
    𝑓(𝑥3 )2
    𝑥4 = 𝑥3 −
    𝑓(𝑥3 + 𝑓(𝑥3 )) − 𝑓(𝑥3 )

    (2.823)2
    𝑥4 = 1.7861 −
    181.6021 − 2.823
    𝑥4 = 1.7415

    5th iteration :

    𝑛=4

    ( ) = 𝑓(1.7415) = 2 ⋅ 1.74153 − 2 ⋅ 1.7415 − 5 = 2.0801


    𝑓 𝑥4

    (
    𝑓 𝑥4 + 𝑓 𝑥4 ( )) = 𝑓(1.7415 + 2.0801) = 98.978
    𝑓(𝑥4 )2
    𝑥5 = 𝑥4 −
    𝑓(𝑥4 + 𝑓(𝑥4 )) − 𝑓(𝑥4 )

    (2.0801)2
    𝑥5 = 1.7415 −
    98.978 − 2.0801
    𝑥5 = 1.6968

    Approximate root of the equation 2𝑥 3 − 2𝑥 − 5 = 0 using Steffensen's method is 1.6968 (After 11 iterations)

    𝒏 𝒙𝟎
    ( )
    𝒇 𝒙𝟎 ( ( ))
    𝒇 𝒙𝟎 + 𝒇 𝒙𝟎
    𝒙𝟏

    1 1.5 -1.25 -5.4688 1.8704

    2 1.8704 4.3454 462.8797 1.8292

    3 1.8292 3.5823 301.1224 1.7861

    4 1.7861 2.823 181.6021 1.7415

    5 1.7415 2.0801 98.978 1.6968


    Example-3
    Find a root of an equation 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒙𝟑 + 𝟐𝒙𝟐 + 𝒙 − 𝟏 using Steffensen's method

    Solution:

    𝐻𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑥 3 + 2𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 1 = 0

    𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 + 2𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 1

    Here

    x 0 1

    f(x) -1 3

    Here f(0)=-1<0andf(1)=3>0

    ∴ Root lies between 0 and 1

    0+1
    𝑥0 = = 0.5
    2
    𝑥0 = 0.5

    1st iteration :

    𝑛=0

    ( ) = 𝑓(0.5) = 0.5 + 2 ⋅ 0.5 + 0.5 − 1 = 0.125


    𝑓 𝑥0 3 2

    (
    𝑓 𝑥0 + 𝑓 𝑥0 ( )) = 𝑓(0.5 + 0.125) = 0.6504
    𝑓(𝑥0 )2
    𝑥1 = 𝑥0 −
    𝑓(𝑥0 + 𝑓(𝑥0 )) − 𝑓(𝑥0 )

    (0.125)2
    𝑥1 = 0.5 −
    0.6504 − 0.125
    𝑥1 = 0.4703

    2nd iteration :

    𝑛=1

    ( ) = 𝑓(0.4703) = 0.4703 + 2 ⋅ 0.4703 + 0.4703 − 1 = 0.0165


    𝑓 𝑥1 3 2

    (
    𝑓 𝑥1 + 𝑓 𝑥1 ( )) = 𝑓(0.4703 + 0.0165) = 0.0761
    𝑓(𝑥1 )2
    𝑥2 = 𝑥1 −
    𝑓(𝑥1 + 𝑓(𝑥1 )) − 𝑓(𝑥1 )

    𝑥2 = 0.4703 − (0.0165)20.0761 − 0.0165

    𝑥2 = 0.4657

    3rd iteration :

    𝑛=2

    ( ) = 𝑓(0.4657) = 0.46573 + 2 ⋅ 0.46572 + 0.4657 − 1 = 0.0003


    𝑓 𝑥2

    (
    𝑓 𝑥2 + 𝑓 𝑥2 ( )) = 𝑓(0.4657 + 0.0003) = 0.0015
    𝑓(𝑥2 )2
    𝑥3 = 𝑥2 −
    𝑓(𝑥2 + 𝑓(𝑥2 )) − 𝑓(𝑥2 )

    (0.0003)2
    𝑥3 = 0.4657 −
    0.0015 − 0.0003
    𝑥3 = 0.4656

    Approximate root of the equation 𝑥 3 + 2𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 1 = 0 using Steffensen's method is 0.4656 (After 3


    iterations)

    𝒏 𝒙𝟎
    ( )
    𝒇 𝒙𝟎 ( ( ))
    𝒇 𝒙𝟎 + 𝒇 𝒙𝟎
    𝒙𝟏

    1 0.5 0.125 0.6504 0.4703

    2 0.4703 0.0165 0.0761 0.4657

    3 0.4657 0.0003 0.0015 0.4656

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