COMPUTER NETWORK LAB REPORT

Lab Assignment No.1:

Ethernet Cable Connection Scheme
(Straight Through Connection)
Almost anyone who has connected to the Internet through a broadband
connection like cable or DSL has used an Ethernet cable to do it. You have
connected your PC’s network interface card (NIC) to your cable modem, DSL
modem, or home router with an Ethernet cable. However, there is more than
one type of Ethernet cable.

Types of Ethernet cabling:

To start off with, you should know that not all Ethernet cabling is the
same. If you go to a store you may find a variety of “categories” of cabling. These
categories tell you the quality of the cabling. The quality determines, essentially,
how much the cable can handle. Here are the categories that you need to know:

Cat 3 – used for voice cabling and 10Mb Ethernet

Cat 5 – used for 10/100Mb Ethernet and works for voice as well
Cat 5E – Enhanced Cat 5 cabling that helps to prevent cross-talk, works for
10/100Mb and 1000Mb (or Gigabit Ethernet)
Cat 6 – Like Cat 5E but with larger gauge wires, works for 10/100/1000Mb.
This cable is better than Cat 5e for Gigabit Ethernet.
Cat 7 – Also called Class F, this is fully-shielded cabling and supports up to
600Mhz. This is a relatively new type of cabling and isn’t used much.

Straight Through Cables:

Next up, you should be familiar with the different types of “ends” or
“plugs” at each end of the cable. When you go to a computer store and buy that
“regular” Ethernet cable, what you are really buying is a straight-through cable.
This means that if you hold both ends side by side, the colors of each of the
different smaller cables inside an Ethernet cable, will be in the same order, from
left to right. Take a look at the picture below to see what I am talking about:

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This type of cable is a “regular” or straight-through cable. You use this

type of cable to connect a PC to a hub/switch or a router to a switch.
You should also know that there are two standards for how the colors are
arranged on this cable. However, these coloring standards don’t affect the
performance or function of the cable. The standard above was called the T-
568A. The standard in the picture below is called the T-568B.

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Lab Assignment No.2:

Ethernet Cable Connection Scheme
(Straight Through Connection)
Almost anyone who has connected to the Internet through a broadband
connection like cable or DSL has used an Ethernet cable to do it. You have
connected your PC’s network interface card (NIC) to your cable modem, DSL
modem, or home router with an Ethernet cable. However, there is more than
one type of Ethernet cable.

Types of Ethernet cabling:

To start off with, you should know that not all Ethernet cabling is the
same. If you go to a store you may find a variety of “categories” of cabling. These
categories tell you the quality of the cabling. The quality determines, essentially,
how much the cable can handle. Here are the categories that you need to know:
Cat 3 – used for voice cabling and 10Mb Ethernet
Cat 5 – used for 10/100Mb Ethernet and works for voice as well
Cat 5E – Enhanced Cat 5 cabling that helps to prevent cross-talk, works for
10/100Mb and 1000Mb (or Gigabit Ethernet)
Cat 6 – Like Cat 5E but with larger gauge wires, works for 10/100/1000Mb.
This cable is better than Cat 5e for Gigabit Ethernet.
Cat 7 – Also called Class F, this is fully-shielded cabling and supports up to
600Mhz. This is a relatively new type of cabling and isn’t used much.

Crossover Cables:
These cables have a different pinout on one side. The purpose of a
crossover cable is to connect one device, directly, to another device, without a
hub or switch in the middle. Usually, the hub/switch performs the crossover for
you. So, you can use a crossover cable to connect a PC to a PC, directly, without
any hub or switch. You can also use a crossover cable to connect two switches
together.

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As you can see, the cross over cables sends pins 1 & 2 to 3 & 6 and 3 & 6
to 1 & 2. You can buy one of these special cables in a store or make one yourself.

In summary, A straight-through cable is what you normally use to

connect a PC to a hub or switch. A crossover cable is a special type of Ethernet
cable used to connect a PC to a PC or a switch to a switch.

Both the T-568A and the T-568B standard Straight-Through cables are
used most often as patch cords for your Ethernet connections. If you require a
cable to connect two Ethernet devices directly together without a hub or when
you connect two hubs together, you will need to use a Crossover cable instead.

A good way of remembering how to wire a Crossover Ethernet cable is to

wire one end using the T-568A standard and the other end using the T-568B
standard. Another way of remembering the color coding is to simply switch the
Green set of wires in place with the Orange set of wires. Specifically, switch the
solid Green (G) with the solid Orange, and switch the green/white with the
orange/white.

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By looking at a T-568A UTP Ethernet straight-thru cable and an Ethernet

crossover cable with a T-568B end, we see that the TX (transmitter) pins are
connected to the corresponding RX (receiver) pins, plus to plus and minus to
minus. You can also see that both the blue and brown wire pairs on pins 4, 5, 7,
and 8 are not used in either standard. What you may not realize is that, these
same pins 4, 5, 7, and 8 are not used or required in 100BASE-TX as well.
So why bother using these wires, well for one thing its simply easier to
make a connection with all the wires grouped together.

References:
http://www.incentre.net/incentre/frame/ethernet.html

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Lab Assignment No.3:

Command Prompt

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2. Net Stat:

3. Tracert:

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Lab Assignment No.4:

Introduction To Cisco Packer Tracer

As networking systems continue to evolve in complexity, new curricula

and educational tools are emerging to facilitate teaching and learning about
networking technology.
Cisco® Packet Tracer e-learning software was developed to help
Networking Academy students gain practical networking technology skills in a
rapidly changing environment. Students seeking ICT skills can now benefit from
the accessibility of online curricula and new opportunities for social learning,
collaboration, and competition.
Cisco® Packet Tracer is a powerful network simulation program that
allows students to experiment with network behavior and ask “what if”
questions. As an integral part of the Networking Academy comprehensive
learning experience, Packet Tracer provides simulation, visualization,
authoring, assessment, and collaboration capabilities to facilitate the teaching
and learning of complex technology concepts.

Packet Tracer supplements physical equipment in the classroom by

allowing students to create a network with an almost unlimited number of
devices, encouraging practice, discovery, and troubleshooting. The simulation-
based learning environment helps students develop 21st century skills such as
decision making, creative and critical thinking, and problem solving.
Packet Tracer complements the Networking Academy curricula, allowing
instructors to easily teach and demonstrate complex technical concepts and
networking systems design. Instructors can customize individual or multiuser
activities, providing hands-on lessons for students that offer value and
relevance in their classrooms. Students can build, configure, and troubleshoot
networks using virtual equipment and simulated connections, alone or in
collaboration with other students. Packet Tracer offers an effective, interactive
environment for learning networking concepts and protocols. Most
importantly, Packet Tracer helps students and instructors create their own

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virtual “network worlds” for exploration, experimentation, and explanation of

networking concepts and technologies.

Packet Tracer Workspaces: Cisco Packet Tracer has two workspaces—

logical and physical. The logical workspace allows users to build logical
network topologies by placing, connecting, and clustering virtual network
devices. The physical workspace provides a graphical physical dimension of the
logical network, giving a sense of scale and placement in how network devices
such as routers, switches, and hosts would look in a real environment. The
physical view also provides geographic representations of networks, including
multiple cities, buildings, and wiring closets.

Packet Tracer Modes:

Cisco Packet Tracer provides two operating modes to visualize the
behavior of a network—real-time mode and simulation mode. In real-time
mode the network behaves as real devices do, with immediate real-time
response for all network activities. The real-time mode gives students a viable
alternative to real equipment and allows them to gain configuration practice
before working with real equipment.
In simulation mode the user can see and control time intervals, the inner
workings of data transfer, and the propagation of data across a network. This
helps students understand the fundamental concepts behind network

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operations. A solid understanding of network fundamentals can help accelerate

learning about related concepts.

Protocols:
Cisco Packet Tracer supports the following protocols:

Modular Devices:
Graphical representations visually simulate hardware and offer the
ability to insert interface cards into modular routers and switches, which then
become part of the simulation.

Multiuser Functionality:
Cisco Packet Tracer is a network-capable application, with a multiuser
peer-to-peer mode that allows collaborative construction of virtual networks
over a real network. The multiuser feature enables exciting collaborative and
competitive interactions, providing the option to progress from individual to
social learning and features opportunities for collaboration, competition,
remote instructor student interactions, social networking, and gaming.

Tutorials:
Packet Tracer includes several basic step-by-step tutorials that familiarize
users with the product features and explain how to engage in simulations.

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Additional advanced tutorials are available for download from Academy

Connection.

Help:
A help feature is available to familiarize users with the Cisco Packet
Tracer interface, functions, and features. The help area includes important
notes and tips and provides annotated screenshots to aid understanding.

Activity Wizard:
The Activity Wizard allows users to author their own learning activities
by setting up scenarios using instructional text, and creating initial and final
network topologies and predefined packets. The Activity Wizard also includes
grading and feedback capabilities.

Reference:
www.cisco.com/go/netacad

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Lab Assignment No.5:

Router Configuration

--- System Configuration Dialog ---

Continue with configuration dialog? [yes/no]: no

Press RETURN to get started!

Router>enable
Router#config t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#hostname router0
router0(config)#enable secret class
router0(config)#line con 0
router0(config-line)#password admin
router0(config-line)#login
router0(config-line)#exit
router0(config)#line vty 0 4
router0(config-line)#password admin
router0(config-line)#login
router0(config-line)#exit
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console

router0(config)#interface fastethernet 0/0

router0(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
router0(config-if)#description router0 fastethernet 0/0
router0(config-if)#no shutdown

%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up

router0(config-if)#exit

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router0(config)#interface fastethernet 1/0

router0(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.0
% 192.168.1.0 overlaps with FastEthernet0/0
router0(config-if)#ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0
router0(config-if)#description router0 fastethernet 1/0
router0(config-if)#no shutdown

%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet1/0, changed state to up

router0(config-if)#exit
router0(config)#exit
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
router0#copy running-config startup-config
Destination filename [startup-config]?
Building configuration...
[OK]
router0#show running-config
Building configuration...

Current configuration : 705 bytes

!
version 12.2
no service password-encryption
!
hostname router0
!
!
enable secret 5 $1$mERr$9cTjUIEqNGurQiFU.ZeCi1
!
!
!
!
ip ssh version 1

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!
!
interface FastEthernet0/0
description router0 fastethernet 0/0
ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
duplex auto
--More—

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