Adding in Columns

1. Add in columns. Check by

adding the numbers in each a. b. c.
column in a different order 2 4 5 1 7 3 8
(for example, starting at the 1 3 9 2 3 9 0
bottom and working up). 3 8 4 3 0 1 0 7 8
2 9 1 2 2 9 3 1 3 6 4
2 0 0 8 5 9 4 2 8 0 3
2 0 9 4 5 9 3 2 1 1
+ 2 6 + 5 2 6 + 9 9

2. Add. Write the numbers under each other, carefully

aligning the ones, tens, hundreds, and thousands.
You may use a separate piece of paper if you prefer.

a. 5,609 + 1,388 + 89 + 402 + 837

b. 67 + 504 + 1,298 + 492 + 3,288 + 8

3. The map shows some Kentucky cities

and distances between them.
The two distances that may be hard to read are:
from Louisville to Frankfort is 54 miles;
from Frankfort to Lexington is 28 miles.
Calculate the total driving distance, if
a family goes on a trip like this:

a. Covington - Lexington - Paducah - Lexington - Covington

b. A trip from Lexington via Covington,

Louisville, and Frankfort, and back to Lexington.

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 Subtraction Review
Compare
Marie: “I subtract in parts: first to John: “I use a helping problem.”
the methods.
the previous whole ten, then the rest.”
15 7 = 8 is the helping problem
35 7 for 35 7.
= (35 5) 2 The answer to 35 7 also ends in
“8” and is in the previous ten (the
= 30 2 = 28 twenties). So, 35 7 is 28.

1. Subtract.

a. b. c. d.
13 – 7 = _______ 12 – 6 = _______ 15 – 9 = _______ 16 – 8 = _______

63 – 7 = _______ 82 – 6 = _______ 150 – 90 = _______ 1,600 – 800 = _______

2. Subtract from whole hundreds. You can subtract in parts.

a. b. c. d.
100 – 2 = _______ 200 – 4 = _______ 500 – 5 = _______ 400 – 7 = _______

100 – 20 = ______ 200 – 40 = _______ 500 – 50 = _______ 400 – 70 = _______

100 – 22 = ______ 200 – 45 = _______ 500 – 56 = _______ 400 – 71 = _______

3. Subtract and compare the results. The problems are “related” – can you see how?

a. 12 – 8 = _______ b. 15 – 9 = _______ c. 13 – 7 = _______

42 – 8 = _______ 75 – 9 = _______ 73 – 7 = _______

120 – 80 = _________ 150 – 90 = _________ 1,300 – 700 = _________

520 – 80 = _________ 650 – 90 = _________ 430 – 70 = _________

4. Write here four different subtraction problems

that are “related” to the problem 14 – 8 = 6.
See the examples above!

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 Trick: Instead of subtracting 99, 705 99 140 88
subtract 100! Then correct the error:
you subtracted 1 too much, so add 1 = 705 100 + 1 = 140 90 + 2
to the result. = 605 + 1 = 606 = 50 + 2 = 52

5. Fill in the table, subtracting 99 each time.

n 125 293 404 487 640 849

n – 99

Strategy: Add up to find the difference of two numbers.

To solve 93 – 28, start + 2 + 60 + 3 + 40 + 200 + 20

at 28 and add until
you reach 93. However 28 30 90 93 16 0 2 00 4 00 4 20
much you added is the
difference.
93 – 28 = (2 + 60 + 3) = 65 420 – 160 = (40 + 200 + 20) = 260

6. Subtract mentally in parts, use a helping problem, add up to find the difference, or use other “tricks”.

a. 91 – 82 = _________ b. 100 – 82 = _________ c. 56 – 29 = _________

42 – 37 = _________ 100 – 56 = _________ 61 – 39 = _________

77 – 64 = _________ 96 – 48 = _________ 84 – 38 = _________

d. 250 – 180 = _________ e. 1,000 – 555 = _________ f. 500 – 82 = _________

440 – 390 = _________ 1,000 – 56 = _________ 612 – 70 = _________

730 – 290 = _________ 1,000 – 208 = _________ 540 – 48 = _________

7. a. Fill in the table, subtracting 27 each time, and continue the pattern.

n 120 140 160 180 200

n – 27

b. What pattern(s) do you notice in the answers?

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8. Skip-count backwards. In other words, subtract the same number repeatedly.

a. Start at 240. b. Start at 5,400. c. Start at 490.

Subtract 40 each time: Subtract 600 each time: Subtract 70 each time:

___________ ___________ ___________

___________ ___________ ___________

___________ ___________ ___________

___________ ___________ ___________

___________ ___________ ___________

___________ ___________ ___________

What does this pattern What does this pattern What does this pattern
remind you of? remind you of? remind you of?

9. Repeated Subtraction Game

In this game, you pair number cards together, two by two. With each two cards, you subtract the
smaller number as many times as possible from the bigger number.
For example, Jane pairs together cards 20 and 4. Jane subtracts 20 – 4 – 4 – 4 – 4 – 4 = 0.
Jim pairs the cards 45 and 11, and subtracts 45 – 11 – 11 – 11 – 11 = 1. He can't subtract any more.
Each player gets as many “points” as is the “remainder” number (the final difference).
Above, Jane got 0 points and Jim got 1. The player who first accumulates 25 points loses the game.
(1) Write the subtractions that Jane does with these cards:

a. b.

(2) With four cards, you need to choose which two will make a pair. Pair the cards for subtractions so
that you will get the least possible points for each pair. Lastly, add to get your final points.

c. d.

e. Play the game yourself! Try number cards from 2-30 for an easier game. Try numbers from 2 to 60
for a challenge. Give each player 4-8 cards, depending on the difficulty level you wish to have.

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 Subtract in Columns
Review regrouping with zeros.

You cannot regroup a ten Next, regroup one of Lastly, regroup one of the tens
nor a hundred. So regroup the hundreds as 10 tens. as 10 ones (there are already
1 thousand as 10 hundreds. 2 ones so you get 12).
9 9 9
6 10 6 10 10 6 10 10 12
7 0 0 2 7 0 0 2 7 0 0 2
– 4 9 3 3 – 4 9 3 3 – 4 9 3 3
2 0 6 9

1. Subtract in columns. Check by adding!

a. Add to check: b. Add to check: c. Add to check:

5 1 9 6 5 2 8 1 3 5 0
3 4 6 + 3 4 6 2 7 1 9 + 2 7 1 9 7 8 2 + 7 8 2

d. Add to check: e. Add to check: f. Add to check:

7 0 0 5 0 0 0 6 0 0 4
3 5 6 + 3 5 6 1 2 3 6 + 1 2 3 6 6 7 8 + 6 7 8

g. Add to check: h. Add to check: i. Add to check:

5 0 6 4 0 9 0 9 0 0 0
2 8 9 + 2 8 9 3 7 8 5 + 3 7 8 5 3 4 2 0 + 3 4 2 0

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 8,120 – 2,653 – 754 = ? 7 10 11 10
8 1 2 0 Check:
When subtracting two numbers,
–2 6 5 3
you can continue the subtraction 4 7 1 3
under your first answer. 5 4 6 7 7 5 4
Check by adding the answer – 7 5 4 +2 6 5 3
and all the numbers you
subtracted. 4 7 1 3 8 1 2 0

2. Write the numbers under each other carefully, and subtract. Lastly, check by adding.

a. 4,400 2,745 493 a. Add to check b. 5,604 592 87 b. Add to check

3. You can solve the problem 5,200 592 87 345 99 by subtracting the numbers one at a time.
That means four separate subtractions. Find a quicker way, and use it to solve this problem.

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4. Look again at the Kentucky map, and
solve the problems.

a. Mr. Jefferson travels from Paducah

to Lexington and back, three times a month.
What is his total mileage?

b. Compare the round trip from Lexington

to Ashland and back with the round trip from
Lexington to Covington and back.
How much longer is the first than the second?

Little Hannah has almost learned to read

the (analog) clock, but she can't remember
which hand is the hour hand and which is
the minute hand. So when the time is 1:15, she might say, “It is 3:05”,
mixing the hours and the minutes.

One day Mom was lying in bed, and she asked Hannah what time it was. Hannah said, “It
is 2:20.” Just a few minutes later Mom asked again for the time. Hannah claimed it was
now 4:25.

Remembering that each time Hannah either tells the time right, or mixes the hour and
minute hands, Mom was able to figure out what time it was in reality. Can you?

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 Patterns and Mental Math
1. a. Fill in the table, continuing the pattern in the top row. Then add 29 to each number in the top row to
get the number in the bottom row. Hint: instead of adding 29, add 30, and subtract 1!

n 9 18 27 36 45 54
n + 29 38

b. What skip-counting pattern is there in the top row?

c. Does the bottom row have any skip-counting pattern?

2. a. Fill in the table, continuing the pattern in the top row. Then subtract 39 from each number in the
top row to get the number in the bottom row. Hint: instead of subtracting 39, subtract ___, and add __!

n 660 600 540 480 420

n – 39

b. What skip-counting pattern is there in the top row?

c. Does the bottom row have any skip-counting pattern?

3. Subtract mentally. Compare the problems in each box—and be careful!

a. b. c.

500 – 3 = _________ 600 – 2 = _________ 1,000 – 7 = _________

500 – 30 = _________ 600 – 20 = _________ 1,000 – 70 = _________

500 – 300 = _________ 600 – 200 = _________ 1,000 – 700 = _________

500 – 33 = _________ 600 – 22 = _________ 1,000 – 77 = _________

500 – 303 = _________ 600 – 202 = _________ 1,000 – 707 = _________

18 Math Mammoth Add and Subtract 4 (Blue Series)

4. Figure out the patterns and continue them.

+ 300 + 300 + 300 + + +

3,000 _________ _________ _________ _________ _________ _________

+ + + + + + + +

5 28 51 74 _____ _____ _____ _____ _____

– – – – – – –

1,000 900 810 730 _______ _______ _______ _______

5. Figure out an easy way to subtract 999 from any number mentally.
For example, explain how to easily subtract 1,446 – 999.

6. Solve the problems.

a. One alarm clock costs $11 and another costs $8 more.

How much would the two cost together?

b. It rained five days in June and six days in July.

How many days did it not rain in those two months (in total)?

c. Amy is 134 cm tall and her mom is 162 cm tall.

What is the difference in their heights?

d. Jack bicycled his favorite 28 km route on Tuesday and

on Wednesday. On Thursday and Saturday he bicycled
along a route that was 6 km shorter. How many
kilometers did he ride in total?

e. Of the 45 students, 18 are girls. How many

more boys are there than girls?

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 Patterns in Pascal's Triangle
1. This is Pascal's triangle but you need to fill it in. Down the left and right sides, the blocks will have
number 1's. Then, to fill in the other space, add the two numbers right above it (slightly to the right
and to the left). For example, the colored number 3 comes from adding the 1 and 2 above it.

2. After filling in the triangle, add the numbers in each row and make a list.

The sum of row 1: 1 The sum of row 7: ________

The sum of row 2: 2 The sum of row 8: ________

The sum of row 3: 4 The sum of row 9: ________
The sum of row 4: ________ The sum of row 10: ________

The sum of row 5: ________ The sum of row 11: ________

The sum of row 6: ________ The sum of row 12: ________

What do you notice about the row sums?

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