1st Semester

Grade 12
Quarter 1/Week 7
UCSP

LESSON 7: POLITICAL AND LEADERSHIP STRUCTURE

At the end of this lesson, student will be able to explain the forms and functions of state and non-state
institutions

Social and Political Structures

Social and political structures are both constructs formed as a result of large-scale ties and relations in society.

Social structure, in a general sense, refers to patterned institutions or groups in society where people work,
act, and live together.

Examples: Social class and social institutions like the government and legal community, LGBT community, and
professional community

The political structure, on the other hand, is used to call on the institutions and political entity organized in
agreement with regulations, laws, and norms of society or of the entity itself. A society based on political
structure may follow totalitarianism, authoritarianism, or democracy.

State Versus Stateless

State is a community of persons more or less Stateless they are not considered as nationals by
numerous, permanently occupying a definite any State under the operation of its law.
portion of territory, having a government of their
own to which the great body of inhabitant render
obedience, and enjoying freedom from external
control.

Classification of Society

A band is a kin-based society where all members are related through blood or marriage.

Tribes are sedentary or seminomadic societies living in villages that practice small-scale agriculture such as
pastoralism and/or horticulture.

Chiefdom societies are more complex than tribes and bands. They already have a form of social and political
structure characterized by a community leader—the chief—whose position could be passed on through his
bloodline.

State-level societies are political units with formal governments based on codified law with law enforcement.

AUTHORITY

Authority refers to accepted power—that is, power that people agree to follow. People listen to authority
figures because they feel that these individuals are worthy of respect.

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 1st Semester
Grade 12
Quarter 1/Week 7
UCSP

Three Types of Authority

According to the sociologist Max Weber, there is a category as to how authority is legitimated as a belief
system. These are traditional, charismatic, and rational.

TRADITIONAL CHARISMATIC RATIONAL - LEGAL

Based on a system in which Based on the unique qualities’ Based on a system of rules that
authority is legitimate because pf the leader, who shows that is applied administratively and
it “has always existed.” he or she possesses the right to judicially in accordance with
lead by virtue of magical known principles.
People in power usually enjoy it
powers, properties, heroism,
because they have inherited it.
etc.

Examples Britain’s Queen Examples include Jesus, Examples of this type of

Elizabeth, for instance, Napoleon, and Hitler. authority: officials elected by
occupies a position that she voters; Rational-legal authority
inherited based on the is built on a structure of
traditional rules of succession bureaucracy.
for the monarchy.

Legitimacy

Legitimacy gives form to authority. Together with power, legitimacy dresses authority. It is said to be a symbol
or representation–like professionals having their licenses, employees wearing their uniforms, and laws being
written as formal documents.

In the most basic sense, a state is said to be legitimate if it exists and operates according to the law. If a
government is legitimate, then in some way, the fact that it has power is justified. If so, then we can argue that
we ought to obey it. If power is objectionable, then we do not tend to have an obligation to follow it.

Legitimacy is a belief that a rule, institution, or leader has the right to govern. Legitimacy is the force that
makes an action of a governing body necessary.

Non-state actors

Non-State actors such as multinational corporations, NGOs and scientific organizations are increasingly
involved in global governance by taking part in formulating, negotiating and implementing policy at local,
regional and global levels.

Other non-state actors

 Bank and corporations

 Cooperatives and trade unions

 Transnational advocacy group

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 1st Semester
Grade 12
Quarter 1/Week 7
UCSP
 Development agencies

BANK

The term bank is either derived from old Italian word banca or from a French word banque both mean a Bench
or money exchange table. In olden days, European money lenders or money changers used to display (show)
coins of different countries in big heaps (quantity) on benches or tables for the purpose of lending or
exchanging.

Cooperative

A cooperative is defined as “an autonomous association of people united voluntarily to meet their common
economic, social and cultural needs and aspirations through jointly-owned and democratically-controlled
enterprises (ILO, 2002).

Trade-Unions

Trade union, also called labor union, association of workers in a particular trade, industry, or company created
for the purpose of securing improvements in pay, benefits, working conditions, or social and political status
through collective bargaining.

Transnational advocacy group

Transnational advocacy groups are the focus of a thriving and often ethically inspired literature that sets out to
study the origins, strength, influence, and long-term implications of their activities on the broader
development of a world-level political system.

Development Agency

A development agency is an organization, local or international, which is committed in pursuing specific

developmental agendas of a state.

REFRERENCE:

Bell, K. (2013). Agent of Socialization. Retrieved from https://sociologydictionary.org/agent-of-socialization/,

July 8, 2020

Maboloc, C.R.(2015, May 26). Max Weber’s 3 types of authority. Retrieved from
https://opinion.inquirer.net/85293/max-webers-3-types-of-authority, July 10, 2020

Lumen (n.d.) Types of Authority. Retrieved from

https://courses.lumenlearning.com/alamo-sociology/chapter/reading-types-of-authority/, July 10, 2020

McCullough, A. (2015). The legitimacy of states and armed non-state actors: Topic guide. Retrieved from
http://www.gsdrc.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/Legitimacy.pdf, July 10, 2020

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 1st Semester
Grade 12
Quarter 1/Week 7
UCSP
Retrieved from
https://link.quipper.com/en/organizations/547ffd9bd2b76d0002002fd1/curriculum#curriculum August 25,
2020

Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica (2019, September 24). Trade union. Retrieved from
https://www.britannica.com/topic/trade-union, July 10, 2020

ILO (2002), “Recommendation 193 Concerning the Promotion of Cooperatives Retrieved from http://www.
ilo.org/images/empent/static/coop/pdf/english.pdf, July 10, 2020

International Cooperative Alliance (n.d.). A matter of principle: Co-operatives in development.

Retrieved from https://www.ica.coop/sites/default/files/publication-files/171103coops4devbrochure-

1264612746.pdf, July 10, 2020

Mundy, K. & Murphy, L. (2011, December 15). Transnational advocacy, global civil society? Emerging evidence
from the field of education. Retrieved from
https://tspace.library.utoronto.ca/bitstream/1807/32095/1/Mundy-TransnationalAdvocacy.pdf, July 10, 2020

Evans, P. & Rodriguez-Garavito, C. (2018, November). Transnational advocacy networks: twenty years of
evolving theory and practice. Retrieved from
https://www.dejusticia.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/Transnational-Advocacy-Networks-1.pdf, July 10,
2020

Mountford, D. (2009). Organising for Local Development: The Role of Local Development Agencies. Retrieved
from www.oecd.org/dataoecd/54/41/44682618.pdf?contentld=446, July 10, 2020

Prepared by:

JULIE M. PANCHO ANDY P. PACHECO ARNEL M. DELOS REYES

SHST – II SHST-II SHST-I

Noted by:

Warren B. Errojo, MBA

ABM Cluster Head

Checked & Reviewed:

Rinalyn C. Beso, PhD.

SHS - Asst. Principal II,

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 1st Semester
Grade 12
Quarter 1/Week 7
UCSP

Approved:

Calick D. Arrieta, PhD.

Principal III

NAME: ______________________ GRADE & SECTION: _______________

SUBJECT: ___________________ TEACHER: _______________________

Worksheet No. ________

PROBLEM SOLVER

Quarter: 1 Week No: 7 Day: ____

Competency: analyze the significance of cultural, social, political and economic symbols and practices

Directions: Create project proposal addressing issues facing by international community. You may choose with
the following issues:

Health care
Human right violation
Poverty
Environmental degradation
Territorial dispute
Racism/discrimination
You may also propose unlisted issue.
Format:
Introduction (background about the issue)
Current situation (Include the motion and action international and local community to address the
issue)
Proposal
Budget allocation
Partner institution and their role
Time frame

Note:

Your proposal must be doable and not so idealistic. You may link also the political institution (local or
international) and non-state institution to your project proposal so that will much realistic and attainable.

RUBRICS
Beginning Developing Accomplish Score
ed
Criteria (0-12 (13-16
points) points) (17-20
points)

Content (Focus on details is clearly evident; it is clearly related to topic.)

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 1st Semester
Grade 12
Quarter 1/Week 7
UCSP
Conventions (Spelling, mechanics, grammar, and Usage)

Organization (Logical progression of details; clear transitions between

ideas.)

Originality (Showing Uniqueness of final output)

TOTAL

NAME: _____________________ GRADE & SECTION: _______________

SUBJECT: __________________ TEACHER: _______________________

Worksheet No. ________

VISION BOARD

Quarter: 1 Week No: 4 Day: ____

Competency: Explain the importance of cultural relativism in attaining cultural understanding

Directions: Create your own vision board. It should have your dream job, car, house, travel vacation and etc.
everything look forward in the future may put in your vision board.

Materials needed:

Old folder/illustration board/bond paper/any paper that you like to use

Magazines

Glue

Scissors.

RUBRICS

Beginning Developing Accomplished Score

Criteria (0-12 points) (13-16 points) (17-20 points)

Content (Focus on details is clearly evident; it is clearly

related to topic.)

Creativity (Shows resourcefulness in presentation and

activities)

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 1st Semester
Grade 12
Quarter 1/Week 7
UCSP
Conventions (Spelling, mechanics, grammar, and
Usage)

Originality (Showing Uniqueness of final output)

TOTAL