Contents

CHAPTER ONE........................................................................................................................................3
WIND LOAD DESIGN....................................................................................................................................3
SOLUTION....................................................................................................................................................3
CHAPTER TWO..........................................................................................................................................13
EARTH QUAKE LOAD..................................................................................................................................13
CHAPTER THREE........................................................................................................................................19
LATERAL LOAD RESISTANCE.......................................................................................................................19
CHAPTER FOUR.........................................................................................................................................25
STAIR CASE DESIGN...................................................................................................................................25
CHAPTER FIVE...........................................................................................................................................31
PURLIN ANALYSIS......................................................................................................................................31

1
LIST OF TABLES

Table 1: determination of external and internal force................................................................................6

Table 2: determination of external and internal force................................................................................7
Table 3: determination of external and internal force................................................................................9
Table 4: determination of external and internal force..............................................................................10
Table 5: dermining wind load on roof.......................................................................................................10
Table 6: dermining wind load on roof.......................................................................................................11
Table 7 : toral daid load on the building....................................................................................................16
Table 8: combination of ground seismic mass...........................................................................................17
Table 9: fundamental period calculation...................................................................................................18
Table 10:Lateral force distribution along X-direction and Y-direction.......................................................22
Table 11:Lateral force distribution along X-direction and Y-direction.......................................................24
Table 12:Lateral force distribution along X-direction and Y-direction.......................................................25
Table 13: load calculation..........................................................................................................................36
Table 14: cross sectional resistance capacity.............................................................................................37

LIST OF FIGUES
Figure 1: wind load on zero degree direction..............................................................................................4
Figure 2; wind load on zero degree direction section..................................................................................6
Figure 3 : load applied on road both in 90 and 0 degree...........................................................................12
Figure 4: floor plan of the building on earthquake....................................................................................14
Figure 5: accidental eccentricity................................................................................................................19
Figure 6 stair case design floor plan..........................................................................................................27
Figure 7:flight figure..................................................................................................................................27
Figure 8Table 10 design moment..............................................................................................................29
Figure 9Shear force diagram.....................................................................................................................29
Figure 10: Bending moment diagram.......................................................................................................30
Figure 11 Bending moment and shear force diagram...............................................................................31
Figure 12:EGA sheet..................................................................................................................................32

2
 CHAPTER ONE
WIND LOAD DESIGN
Terrain category - III
Total height of eave of the building – L13
00 wind direction width - 9
00 wind direction depth – 7.5
Roof type – Duopitch
SOLUTION
WIND LOAD ON THE WALL ON “0” DEGREE DIRECTION
SECTION-1

Step 1: basic wind load

The basic wind velocity is the characteristic 10 minutes mean wind velocity, irrespective of
wind direction and time of the year, at 10 m above the ground level in category II terrain [ES EN
1991- 1-4:2015 Art. 4.2(1)]

𝑉𝑏 = 𝐶𝑑𝑖𝑟 * 𝐶𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑜𝑛 ∙*𝑉𝑏,0

Vb = Basic wind velocity

Cdir = Direction factor
Cdir = 1(The recommended value Cdir is 1) [ ES EN 1991-1-4:2015, Art. 4.2]
Cseason = is the seasonal factor
Cseason = 1 (The recommended value Cseason is 1) [ ES EN 1991-1-4:2015, Art. 4.2]
Vb,o = is fundamental value of basic wind velocity Vb,o = 22 m/s
𝑉𝑏 = 𝐶𝑑𝑖𝑟 * 𝐶𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑜𝑛 ∙*𝑉𝑏,0 = 1 * 1 x* 22m/s,

Vb = 22m/s

Vb= Cseason * Cdirection * Vb,o

Vb= 1*1*22 m/s
vb=22m/s2

3
Figure 1: wind load on zero degree direction
Step 2: Mean wind load

A building, whose height h(12m) is greater than b(6.25m), but less than 2b(2*6.25=12.5), so it
is case 2.

The mean wind velocity Vm(z) at height z above the terrain depends on the terrain roughness ,
orography and the basic wind velocity. And it is given by

Vm(z) = Cr(z) * Co(z) * Vb

Cr(z) = is roughness factor

Co(z) = is orography factor

Co(z) = 1 Orography factor larger than 1.0 may be applicable over isolated hills and
escarpments. [ ES EN 1991-1-4:2015, Art. 4.3.3 & A3]
Vb = is the basic wind velocity
Vb = 22m/s
Terrain category III
Zo = 0.3m Zmin = 5m
Vm(z) =Cr(z) * Co(z) * Vb
Vm(6.25) =Cr(6.25) * Co(6.25) * Vb
But,
Cr(z) = Kr*ln(z/zo) , Kr = 0.19*(Zo/Zo,II)^0.07

Vm(9)= Cr * Co * Vb G
Cr=Kr ln(max(Zmin,Z)/ZO) Kr=0.19(Z/ZIII) 0.07

Cr=0.215 ln(max(9)/0.3) Kr=0.19(0.03/0.05)0.07

Cr=0.73 Kr=0.215
Vm(9)= 0.73*1*22m/s
Vm(9)= 0.731m/s 9m 7.5m

Step 3: peak pressure 9m WIND

9m 7.5m

qp(z) = [ 1 + 7lv(z) ] * 0.5 *ρ * v2m(z) [ES EN 1991-1-4:2015, Equation 4.8]

Iv = Kl / (Co(z)ln(z/zo))

4
 Qp= [1+7Lv]1/2*Ꝭ*Vm2
Lv= kl/(COln(Z/Zo))
Lv= 1/1*ln(9/0.3))
Lv= 0.294 20*60

Qp= [1+7*0.294]1/2*1.25*(16.087)2
Qp=0.494 KN/m2

Step 4: Determine Cpe and Cpi 40*40

e= min (2h, b) = min (2*9, 9) =9

e>d…………………………......A, B
9>7.5…………………………..A, B
h/d = 9/7.5= 1.2
Table 1: determination of external and internal force

Zone Area(m2) Cpe Cpe Cpi Cpnet Qpnet(KN/m2)

A 16.2 10 -1.2 0.2 -1.4 -0.6916
B 51.3 10 -0.8 0.2 -1 -0.494
D 81 10 0.8 -0.3 1.1 0.5434
E 81 10 -0.32 0.2 0.52 -0.256

E=0.256KN/m2

D =0.5434KN/m2 B= 0.494KN/m2

A= 0.6916KN/m2

9m 5.7m

1.8m

SECTION 2

Roof

3m 3rd

00 3m 2nd 3m 12m

3m 1st

5
 Figure 2; wind load on zero degree direction section

Step 1: basic wind load

Vb= Cseason * Cdirection * Vb,o

Vb= 1*1*22 m/s
Vb= 22m/s

Step 2: Mean wind load

Vm(13)= Cr * Co * Vb
Cr=Kr ln(max(Zmin,Z)/ZO) Kr=0.19(Z/ZIII)0.07
Cr=0.215 ln(max(13)/0.3) Kr=0.19(0.03/0.05)0.07
Cr=0.81 Kr=0.215
Vm(13)= 0.81*1*22m/s
Vm(13)= 17.448m/s

Step 3: peak pressure

Qp= [1+7Lv]1/2*Ꝭ*Vm2
Lv= kl/(COln(Z/Zo))
Lv= 1/1*ln(13/0.3)) E
Lv= 0.271

Qp= [1+7*0.2715]1/2*1.25*(17.448)2
Qp=0.565 KN/m2 12m D A B

Step 4: Determine Cpe and Cpi 9.6m

e= min (2h, b) = min (2*9, 12) =12 9m 2.4m

e>d…………………………….....A, B A=e/5=12/5=2.4
12>7.5………………….………..A, B B= d-e/5=9.6
h/d = 12/7.5=1.6

Categor Area(m2) Cpe Cpe Cpi Cpnet Qpnet(KN/m2)

y
A 28.8 10 -1.2 0.2 -1.4 -0.79
B 115.2 10 -0.8 0.2 -1 -0.565
D 108 10 0.8 -0.3 1.1 0.62
E 108 10 -0.53 0.2 -0.73 -0.4124

Table 2: determination of external and internal force

6
WIND LOAD APPLIED ON WALL ON 900 DIRECTION

At h=7.5

Step 1: basic wind load

Vb= Cseason * Cdirection * Vb,o 7.5m

Vb= 1*1*22 m/s
Vb= 22m/s

Step 2: Mean wind load 9m 7.5m

Vm(7.5)= Cr * Co * Vb
Cr=Kr ln(max(Zmin,Z)/ZO) Kr=0.19(Z/ZIII)0.07
Cr=0.215 ln(max(7.5)/0.3) Kr=0.19(0.3/0.05)0.07
Cr=0.692 Kr=0.215
Vm(7.5)= 0.692*1*22m/s
Vm(7.5)= 15.224m/s 7.5m

Step 3: peak pressure 2m

Qp= [1+7Lv]1/2*Ꝭ*Vm2 9m
Lv= kl/(COln(Z/Zo))
Lv= 1/1*ln(7.5/0.3) 9m 7.5m
Lv= 0.31

Qp= [1+7*0.31]1/2*1.25*(15.224)2
Qp=0.459 KN/m2 E

Step 4: Determine Cpe and Cpi

e= min (2h, b) = min (2*7.5, 7.5) =7.5 7.5m C B C D

e<d…………………………….....A, B,C
7.5<9………………….………..A, B,C 9m
h/d = 7.5/9=0.83 1.5 6 1.5 7.5m

Categor Area(m2) Cpe Cpe Cpi Cpnet Qpnet(KN/m2)

y
A 11.25 10 -1.2 0.2 -1.4 -0.6426
B 45 10 -0.8 0.2 -1 -0.459
C 11.25 10 -0.5 0.2 -0.7 -0.3213
D 56.25 10 0.777 -0.3 1.077 0.494

7
 E 56.25 10 -0.45 0.2 -0.65 -0.298
Table 3: determination of external and internal force

Section 2

At h=12m

Step 1: basic wind load 13m

Vb= Cseason * Cdirection * Vb,o

Vb= 1*1*22 m/s
Vb= 22m/s 9m 7.5m

Step 2: Mean wind load

Vm(13)= Cr * Co * Vb 900
Cr=Kr ln(max(Zmin,Z)/ZO) Kr=0.19(Z/ZIII)0.07 wind direction

Cr=0.215 ln(max(13)/0.3) Kr=0.19(0.3/0.05)0.07

Cr=0.81 Kr=0.215
Vm(13)= 0.81*1*22m/s
Vm(13)= 17.83m/s

Step 3: peak pressure

Qp= [1+7Lv]1/2*Ꝭ*Vm2 A= e/5 = 7.5/5 =1.5

Lv= kl/(COln(Z/Zo)) B=e*4/5=6
Lv= 1/1*ln(13/0.3) C= d-e=1.5
Lv= 0.265
E
Qp= [1+7*0.265]1/2*1.25*(17.83) 2

Qp=0.567 KN/m2

Step 4: Determine Cpe and Cpi 12m C B A D

e= min (2h, b) = min (2*17, 7.5) =7.5

d=9
e<d…………………………….....A, B,C 9m 7.5m
7.5<9………………….………..A, B,C
h/d = 12/9=1.33

Categor Area(m2) Cpe Cpe Cpi Cpnet Qpnet(KN/m2)

y
A 18 10 -1.2 0.2 -1.4 -0.7938
B 72 10 -0.8 0.2 -1 -0.567
C 18 10 -0.5 0.2 -0.7 -0.397
D 90 10 0.8 -0.3 1.1 0.6237
E 90 10 -0.522 0.2 -0.72 -0.408
8
Table 4: determination of external and internal force

Roof Duopitch with 00 wind direction

J e=min (2h,b)=9
100
H
e/10=9/10=0.9
F G F
e/4=9/4=2.25
Table 5: dermining wind load on roof

Zone Area Use Cpe Cpi Cpnet Qp(Max) F(KN)

F 2.025 Cpe -1.94 0.2 -2.14 -1.21 -2.45

G 4.5 Cpe -0.59 0.2 -0.79 -0.446 -2.007

H 32.4 10 -0.4 0.2 -0.6 -0.339 -10.98

I 32.4 10 -0.6 0.2 -0.8 -0.452 -14.64

J 8.1 Cpe -0.6 0.2 -0.8 -0.452 -3.6612

Sum F= -36.188KN

If 1 m2<A<10m2 Cpe =Cpe1-(Cpe1-Cpe10)logA

Roof Duopitch on 900 directions

F I

Zone Area CPE Cpe Cpi Cpnet Qp(Max) F(KN)

9
 value

F 1.40625 Cp -0.14659 +0.2 -0.34659 -0.196 -0.111

G 1.40625 CP -0.0444 +0.2 -0.2444 -0.1385 -0.0785

H 11.25 10 -1.2 +0.2 -1.4 -0.7938 -0.45

I 14.0625 10 -0.55 +0.2 -0.75 -0.4252 -0.241

Table 6: dermining wind load on roof

F= -1.587KN

Total load applied on wall 00

D E

3m 0.62 KN/m 0.4124KN/m

Section-2 Section-2
9m 0.54KN/m 0.256KN/m
Section-1 Section-1

9m

W Total = ((0.62+0.4124)*(3*9) + (0.5434+0.256)*(9*9)

=27.87+64.75

=92.62KN

M wall= 92.62*6.5=602.03KNm

Total load applied on wall 900 direction

D E

Sec-2 0.6237KN/m 4.5m 0.408KN/m

Sec-2

Sec-1 0.494KN/m 7.5m 0.298KN/m

Sec-1

F on wall= ((0.6237+0.408)*4.5*7.5)+((0.298+0.49)*(7.5*7.5))
10
 = 34.82+44.55

=79.37 KN

Mwall=79.36*6.5=515.84KNm

Load on roof = load horizontal + load vertical

=29.00+5.1139

= 34.1139

Load applied on roof both on 00 & 900 directions.

00 900

0.8 sin100 0.8

18.1 18.1Sin 100 18.1KN 0.8KN

18.1 Cos 100 0.8 Cos 100 100

Figure 3 : load applied on road both in 90 and 0 degree

Lroof= 2Lhorizontal +2Lvertical L roof=2Lhorizontal + 2Lvertical

= (2*17.8) + (2*3.143) = 1.57+0.278

= 41.886KN =1.85KN

Overall Load on Building

00 900

Overall = C Lwall+Lhroof Overall = C Lwall + Lhroof

=1*92.62+35.8 = 1*79.37+1.57

11
 = 128.22KN = 80.94KN

SO, 00 wind load direction is the best choice from both alternatives.

12
 CHAPTER TWO

EARTH QUAKE LOAD

roof

3rd 3m

2nd 3m

1st 3m 2.5 3.75m

ground 3m 2.5

4m 2.5 3.75m

9m
Figure 4: floor plan of the building on earthquake

Step-1; LOAD

Roof;-

Load on beam=(0.2*0.6*9)2+2(0.2*0.6*7.5)2+(5*0.2*0.6)

=114KN

Load on Slab=9*7.5*0.15*25

=253.125+floor finishing

=253.125+87.75

=340.875KN

Column load= (0.4*0.4*1.5*25)8

= 48KN

External wall=2(1.5*0.2*9*12)+(1.5*0.2*7.5*12)+(1.5**5*0.2*12)

=109.8KN

Shear wall= 2.5*0.25*1.5*25

=23.4375KN

Total dead load on roof= 636.1125KN

13
3th floor

Load beam = (0.2*9.25)2+2(0.2*0.6*7.5*25)+(5*0.2*0.6*25)

= 54+45+15

= 114 KN

Load Column = 8(0.4*0.4*3*25) = 96 KN

Shear wall = (0.25*2.5*3*25) = 46.875KN

External HCB wall = 30.5*0.2*3*12

= 219.6 KN

Slab = 9*7.5**0.15*25= 253.125 KN +87.75

= 340.875 KN

Total dead load on 4th=817.35KN

2nd floor

Load beam = (0.2*9.25)2+2(0.2*0.6*7.5*25)+(5*0.2*0.6*25)

= 54+45+15

= 114 KN

Load Column = 8(0.4*0.4*3*25) = 96 KN

Shear wall = (0.25*2.5*3*25) = 46.875KN

External HCB wall = 30.5*0.2*3*12

= 219.6 KN

Slab = 9*7.5**0.15*25= 253.125 KN +87.75

= 340.875 KN

Total dead load on 2nd =817.35KN

1st floor

Load beam = 114KN

Column = 8(0.4*0.4*3*25) = 96KN

Shear wall = 0.25*2.5*3.5*25 = 46.875 KN

14
External HCB wall = 30.5*0.2*3*1.2 = 219.6 KN

Floor finishing = 1.3 KN/m2*9*7.5 = 87.75 KN

Slab = 9*7.5**0.15*25= 253.125 KN

Total 1st floor dead Load = 817.35KN

Ground floor

Load beam = 114KN

Column = 8(0.4*0.4*1.5*25) = 112KN

Shear wall = 0.25*2.5*1.5*25 = 54.69KN

External HCB wall = 30.5*0.2*1.5*1.2 = 109.8 KN

Total ground dead load= 390.5KN

Table 7 : toral daid load on the building

FLOOR DL(KN)

Roof 627.52

3rd 817.35

2nd 817.35 Live Load

1st 817.35 Roof :- Duopitch from new code take LL = 1KN/m 2 for
Duopitch
Ground 390.5
LL= 3KN/m2 *9*7.5 = 202.5 KN

3rd Floor :- for bed rooms of restaurant (hotel)= 3 KN/m2

2nd and 1st floor :-for office LL= 202.5 KN

Ground floor:- LL= 0

LL Ground Seismic mass –Combination of DL and LL

Load on ground = DL+ΨELL

= Ψ2= ρ *Ψ2

15
Table 8: combination of ground seismic mass

Floor DL(KN) ρ Ψ LL(KN) Story Seismic LL= ρ*Ψ2*LL

seismic
Story seismic weight
weight
= DL+(ρ*Ψ2*LL)
Roof 627.56 1 0 67.5 627.52
Total Seismic mass
3rd 817.35 0.8 0.3 202.5 865.95
W total / 9.82
2nd 817.35 0.8 0.3 202.5 865.95
3615.91/9.81
1st 817.35 0.8 0.3 202.5 865.95
T seismic m = 368.6KN/m/s2/t
Groun 390.5 0.8 0.6 0 390.5
d

4th and 3rd for bedroom of restaurant = Category A

2nd and 1st for office = B

Ground = Category C

Step 4 :- Fundamental Period

T1= Ct*H ¾ where RC = Ct = 0.075

T1 = 0.075*(4*3)3/4+0.075*(1*4)3/4 = 0.695 sec

Ground type for Jijiga medium cohesion less soil “ D ”

TB= 0.1 S= 1.8 0≤T1≤TB TB≤T1≤TC

TC = 0.3 TD 1.2 0≤0.695≤0.1 x 0.1<0.695<0.3 x

TC≤T1≤TD

0.3≤0.695≤ 1.2 ok

Sd(T1)= { 2g*s*2.5/q*Tc/T1}

≥ β*2g

2g = γt1*α0*9.81 = 1.2*0.1*9.81= 1.2 m/s2

q= kw*q0………for multistory

q0 = 3*αy/d1= 3*1.3 = 3.9

q = 3.9

16
so Sd (T1) = 0.6

λ = 1…….T1>2TC→T1>2TC

T1= q<2TC(2TC) :- if T1 = 0.608 <2*TC(2*0.3)

5 stories > 2 stories …ok

M= 433.668*103kg

Fb = sd(T1)*m*λ= 0.6*368.68*103*1

Fb = 221.16 KN
Table 9: fundamental period calculation

Floor M(tone) Z(m) m*z Fi = Fb*mz/Ʃmz

Roof 627.56 16 1004.96 61.65

3rd 865.95 13 11257.35 69.12

2nd 865.95 10 8659.5 53.17

1st 865.95 7 6061.65 37.2

Ground 390.5 4 0 0

Ʃ=36019.48 Ʃ = 221.16

Roof

61.65 3rd 3 61.65 184.97

69.12 2nd 3 130.77 577.26

53.17 1st 3 183.94 1128.08

37.2 ground 3 221.16 2331.54

1791.7

17
F earth quecke > F wind load . so we take earth quake load.

Ʃ Mroof = 0

Ʃ M3rd = 61.65*3 = 184.97

Ʃ M2nd = (130.77*3) +184.97 = 577.26

Ʃ M1st = (183.94*3)+577.26 = 1128.08

Ʃ Ground = 0

Accidental eccentricity

61.65 roof 27.7 Ea = + - 0.05bi

69.12 3rd 31.104 = 0.05*9

53.17 2nd 23.92 = 0.45

37.2 1st 16.74

Figure 5: accidental eccentricity

18
 CHAPTER THREE
LATERAL LOAD RESISTANCE
Determining center of mass and center of stiffness (rigidity)

3.75m

3.75m

4m 5m

1st floor

Element N x Y m(w) Mx My Ixx Iyy Ixx. Iyy.Y

o X

COLUM 1 0 0 12 0 0 0.00 0.00 0 0

N 2 2

2 5 0 12 60 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0

2 2 9

3 9 0 12 108 0 0,00 0.00 0.01 0

2 2 8

4 9 3.75 12 108 45 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.007

2 2 8 5

5 5 3.75 12 60 45 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.007

2 2 9 5

6 9 7.5 12 108 90 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.015

2 2 8

19
 7 5 7.5 12 60 90 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.015
2 2 9

8 0 7.5 12 0 90 0.00 0.00 0 0.015

2 2

0.08 0.06
0.01 0.01 1
6 6

BEAM 1 2.2 0 15 33.75 0

5

2 6.7 0 12 81 0
5

3 9 1.87 11.25 101.25 21.1

5

4 9 5.62 11.25 101.25 63.843

5

5 4.5 1.87 11.25 50.5 21.1

5

6 4.5 5.67 11.25 50.5 63.843

5

7 6.7 7.5 12 81 90
5

8 2.2 7.5 15 33.75 112.5

5

9 0 6.25 7.5 0 46.875

10 0 1.25 7.5 0 9.375

SHEAR 1 0 3.75 46.875 0 175.781

20
 SLAB 1 2.2 3.75 140.62 316.41 527.34
5

2 6.7 3.75 112.5 759.4 421.87

5

TOTAL 509.99 2146.5 1913.62

5 6 7

Table 10:Lateral force distribution along X-direction and Y-direction

Center of mass (Mx,My)

Xm = £Ixx.X/£IxxXm = £Mx/£M Ym = £My/£M

= 2177.6/508.125 = 1905.47/508.125

Xm = 4.28 Ym =3.75m

Center of stiffness(Xs, Ys)

Xs = £Ixx.X/£Ixx Ys=£Iyy.Y/£Iyy

= 0.081/0.016 = 0.06/0.016

= 5m = 3.75m

2nd floor

Element N x Y m(w) mx My Ixx Iyy Ixx. Iyy.Y

o X

COLUM 1 0 0 12 0 0 0.00 0.00 0 0

N 2 2

2 5 0 12 60 0 0.00 0.00 0.009 0

2 2

3 9 0 12 108 0 0,00 0.00 0.018 0

2 2

4 9 3.75 12 108 45 0.00 0.00 0.018 0.007

2 2 5

21
 5 5 7.5 12 108 90 0.00 0.00 0.009 0.007
2 2 5

6 9 7.5 12 60 90 0.00 0.00 0.018 0.015

2 2

7 0 7.5 12 0 90 0.00 0.00 0.009 0.015

2 2

8 5 3,75 12 60 45 0.00 0.00 0 0.015

2 2

0.081 0.06
0.01 0.01
6 6

BEAM 1 2.2 0 15 33.75 0

5

2 6.7 0 12 81 0
5

3 9 1.87 11.25 101.2 21.1

5 5

4 9 5.62 11.25 101.2 63.3

5 5

5 4.5 1.87 11.25 50.5 21.1

5

6 4.5 5.67 11.25 50.5 63.843

5

7 6.7 7.5 12 81 90
5

8 2.5 7.5 15 37.5 112.5

9 0 6.25 7.5 0 70.3

10 0 1.25 7.5 0 14.06

22
 SHEAR 1 0 3.75 46.875 0 175.78
1

SLAB 1 2.5 3.75 131,25 328.1 492.2

2 7 3.75 112.5 787.5 421.87

TOTAL 508.12 2177. 1905.4

5 6 7

Table 11:Lateral force distribution along X-direction and Y-direction

Center of mass (Mx,My)

Xm = £Ixx.X/£IxxXm = £Mx/£M Ym = £My/£M

= 2177.6/508.125 = 1905.47/508.125

Xm = 4.28 Ym =3.75m

Center of stiffness(Xs, Ys)

Xs = £Ixx.X/£Ixx Ys=£Iyy.Y/£Iyy

= 0.0788/0.01704 = 0.064/0.01704

= 4.62m = 3.75m

3ndfloor

element N x Y m(w) mx My Ixx Iyy Ixx. Iyy.Y

o X

COLUM 1 0 0 12 0 0 0.00 0.00 0 0

N 2 2

2 5 0 12 60 0 0.00 0.00 0.009 0

2 2

23
 3 9 0 12 108 0 0,00 0.00 0.018 0
2 2

4 9 3.75 12 108 45 0.00 0.00 0.018 0.007

2 2 5

5 5 7.5 12 108 90 0.00 0.00 0.009 0.007

2 2 5

6 9 7.5 12 60 90 0.00 0.00 0.018 0.015

2 2

7 0 7.5 12 0 90 0.00 0.00 0.009 0.015

2 2

8 5 3,75 12 60 45 0.00 0.00 0 0.015

2 2

BEAM 1 2.2 0 15 33.75 0

5

2 6.7 0 12 81 0
5

3 9 1.87 11.25 101.2 21.1

5 5

4 9 5.62 11.25 101.2 63.3

5 5

5 4.5 1.87 11.25 50.5 21.1

5

6 4.5 5.67 11.25 50.5 63.843

5

7 6.7 7.5 12 81 90
5

8 2.5 7.5 15 37.5 112.5

9 0 6.25 7.5 0 70.3

10 0 1.25 7.5 0 14.06

24
 SHEAR 1 0 3.75 46.875 0 175.78
1

SLAB 1 2.5 3.75 131,25 328.1 492.2

2 7 3.75 112.5 787.5 421.87

TOTAL 508.12 2177. 1905.4

5 6 7
Table 12:Lateral force distribution along X-direction and Y-direction

Center of mass (Mx,My)

Xm = £Ixx.X/£IxxXm = £Mx/£M Ym = £My/£M

= 2177.6/508.125 = 1905.47/508.125

Xm = 4.28 Ym =3.75m

Center of stiffness(Xs, Ys)

Xs = £Ixx.X/£Ixx Ys=£Iyy.Y/£Iyy

= 0.0788/0.01704 = 0.064/0.01704

= 4.62m = 3.75m

CHAPTER FOUR

STAIR CASE DESIGN

Material used Assume

 Concrete C-20/25 Rise = 16cm

 Rebar S-400 thread = 30cm

Design strength
25
 𝑓𝑐𝑘= 20 Mpa

 𝑓𝑐𝑑 = 0.85∗𝑓𝑐𝑘 /1.5 = 0.85∗20/ 1.5

= 11.33 𝑀𝑝𝑎

 𝑓𝑦𝑘 =400 Mpa

 𝑓𝑦𝑑 = 𝑓𝑦𝑘/ 1.15 = 400 /1.15

= 347.83𝑀𝑝𝑎

Floor finish

 Marble = 20 mm

 Plastering = 25mm

 Cement screed = 30 mm

Depth determination Assume lightly stressed concrete; ρ=0.5%, Fck = 20 Mpa

ρo = √𝑓𝑐𝑘 ∗ 10^-3 = √20 ∗ 10^-3 = 0.447 %

𝑙 /𝑑 = [11 + 1.5√𝑓𝑐𝑘 *𝜌0/ 𝜌−𝜌′ + 1/ 12 √𝑓𝑐𝑘√𝜌′ /𝜌0] 𝑖𝑓 𝜌 > 𝜌0

𝑙 /𝑑= [11 + 1.5√𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝜌0/ 𝜌 +3.3√fck (𝜌′ /𝜌0)^0.5] 𝑖𝑓 𝜌 <= 𝜌0

from prES EN 1992-1-1-2015 sec 7.4

𝜌′ = 0 for slab with no compressive reinforcement

K = 1.0 for one – or two-way spanning simply supported slab prES EN 1992-1-1-2015 sec 7.4

Effective depth for All flight

Use equation one because of 𝜌 > 𝜌0 (0.5>0.44)

4000/ 𝑑= 1.3[11 + 1.5√20 ∗( 0.447/ 0.5)^0.5]

d = 181 mm

Use ф14 mm main bar

𝐷 = 𝑑 +ф/ 2+ 𝑐𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟

= 181 + 14/2 +15=203𝑚𝑚 ≈ 2

Slope length = √[3 + 0.96^2] = 3.15 𝑚

3.75m

26
 0.5m 3m 0.5m
Figure 3. 2 flight

5m 4m

Figure 7:flight figure Load

calculation

Dead load
on the flight

Rc slab = ts * gc = 0.25*25 = 6.25 kN/m2

Steps = 1/ 2*risers*thread*slope length

=1/2 *0.16*0.3*3.15*25

= 1.89KN/m^2

Plastering = tp*gc = 0.02*23= 0.46 kN/m2

27
Cement screed = 0.02*23 = 0.46 kN/m2

Marble = 0.03*27 = 0.81 kN/m2

Floor finish on thread = [(0.46+0.81)*5*0.3]/3.15

= 0.6 kN/m2

Floor finish on riser =[(0.46+0.81)*6*0.16 *3.15]

= 0.39 kN/m2

Total dead load = 6.25 +1.89 + 0.6 + 0.39 = 9.13 kN/m2

Dead load on the landing

Landing slab = ts * gc = 0.25*25 = 6.25 kN/m2

Plastering = tp * gc = 0.02*23= 0.46 kN/m2

Cement screed = 0.02*23 = 0.46 kN/m2

Marble = 0.03*27 = 0.81 kN/m2

Total dead load on landing = 6.25 + 0.46 + 0.46 + 0.81 = 7.98kN/m2

Live load = 3 kN/m2 prES EN 1991-1-2015 Table 6.2

Design load Flight Landing Design load of landing

Pd = 1.35DL + 1.5LL Pd = 1.35DL + 1.5LL

= 1.35*9.13+ 1.5*3 = 1.35*7.98 + 1.5*3

pd = 16.8255kN/m2 = 15.3 kN/m^2

0.5m 3m 0.5m

16.825KN/m^2
15.3KN/m^2 15.3KN/
m^2

Figure 8Table 10 design moment

Moment analysis
28
ΣMB = 0

[RA * 4 ] − [15.3 *0.5( 3.5+0.5/2) - [16.825*3(0.5+3/2)]- [15.3*0.5^2/2]

=0

RA = 97.44687 kN

ΣFy = 0

=RA + RB − [15.3*2 * 0.5] − [16.8255*3 ] = 0

RB = 31.6635 kN

97.45 KN

0.5m 3m 0.5m 31.6635KN

Figure 9Shear force diagram

Moment will be maximum at x where shear force is 0

Mmax =[97.45*2] –(15.3*0.5(1.5+0.5/2) ] – (16.825-1.5^2/2)

= 165.8 KN

Mmax = 165.8 kNm

Vmax = 97.45 kN

165.8KNm

Figure 10: Bending moment diagram

29
97.45KN

31..663KN

30
 165.81 KN

Figure 11 Bending moment and shear force diagram

CHAPTER FIVE

PURLIN ANALYSIS
DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF EGA SHEET

Roof type: Duopitch hbuil=12m hroof=0.8 category III

Step-1: load

Type of load

1. Wind load
2. Self-weight of EGA sheet ( roof covering)

31
 3. Self-weight of purlin
4. Live load

1. Wind load

Maximum applied wind load= -1.21 KN/m2 (suction )

We are using EGA sheet 400

T=0.7mm
Weight=5.49 kg/m
Moment of inertia=104.232mm4
Section modulus=3.794mm3
Ixx=141.812
Sx=5.162
Width=735mm

Figure 12:EGA sheet

2. Self-weight of roof covering

T=0.77mm
W=5.49kg/m=0.392KN/m
Self-weight of EGA 400= 0.0007m*77KN/m3=0.039KN/m2

From table for concentrated live load= 0.4KN/m AND for point load= 1KN

To check it

For concentrated load

 Live load= w*g=5.49kg/m*9.81m/s2=53.856N/m

 To get Area load=53.856N/m/0.735m=73.27KN/m2

3. Self-weight of purlin

 Dead load= SW*g/w= (5.49*9.81)/0.735= 0.0733KN/m

32
4. Live load For point load=1KN

 Live load=point load/area EGA = 1KN/1*0.735m2= 1.36KN/m2

Step-2: load combination

Combo 1: Pd=1.35 DL +1.5LL= (1.35*0.0733) + (1.5*1.36)=2.135KN/m

Combo 2: Pd=1.35DL+1.5LL+0.9WL = 3.67KN/m
Combo 3: Pd=1.35DL+1.5LL-0.9WL= 0.933KN/m
Combo 4: Pd= DL+1.5 WL= 2.3077KN/m
Combo 5: Pd= DL – 1.5 WL= -1.271KN/m
Combo 6: Pd= DL+ LL = 1.433 KN/m

Step-3: capacity check for EGA sheet

Mmax= WL2/8=((3.673KN/m2)*(1.15m)2*1.15m)/8= 0.697KNm

Stress Act=maximum moment/section modulus= (0.697KNm*106 Nmm)/5162mm3
=135.22KN/mm2
Allowable stress
Mmax= ((5.182)*(1.152)*1.15)/8= 0.985KNm
Allowable stress= Mmax/suction modulus= (0.985*106)/5162=190.817KN/mm2

Then, actual stress < allowable stress

135.22KN/mm2<190.817KN/mm2…………..So it’s OK. Our thickness is adequate.

PURLIN DESIGN

1.15m

1.125m

Purlin spacing=1.15m purlin length= 7.5/5=1.5m

LOAD

33
Three variable loads act on purlin. Which are:

 Dead load
 Love load
 Wind load

Dead load on purlin from EGA sheet on perpendicular of roof cover.

Wroof=0.0733KN/m2 increasing by 50%

Dead load due to EGA= 0.0733KN/m2+(0.5*0.0733KN/m2)

=0.1264KN/m2

Dead load purlin due to its self-weight

Select RT-42 40*20*2

Weight = 1.68kg/m
Weight of purlin= 1.68kg/m*9.81=0.0165KN/m

Wt= 0.1264+0.0165=0.236KN/m

Live load on purlin=D*LL=1.15*1.36=1.564KN/m

Wind load transferred from purlin cover=-1.21*1.15=-1.39 KN/m(suction)

100

 Dead- load 0.236 KN/m

 Parallel to rafter =0.236 sin 100 =0.041kN/m
 Perpendicular to rafter=0.236 cos 100 =0.23kN/m

Live –load

 Distribution (LL)=1.564kN/m

34
 100=Ө

Parallel rafter =1.564 sin100 =0.27kN/m

Perpendicular to rafter=1.564 cos100 =1.54kN/m

 Concentrated live-load=1kN

100=Ө

Parallel to rafter=1kN sin100 =0.17kN/m

Perpendicular to rafter=1kN cos100=0.98kN/m

Wind-load (section pressure)

100=Ө

35
Parallel to rafter=-1.39 KN/m sin 100= 0.24kN/m

perpendicular to rafter =1.39*cos100=1.369kN/m

Load acting on the rafter

comb1 pd=1.35 DL +1.5LL

comb2 pd=1.35DL+1.5LL+0.9WL

comb3 pd=1.35DL+1.5LL-0.9WL
3.852kN/m
comb4 pd=DL+1. 5WL
comb5 pd = DL-1.5WL
1.5m
comb6 pd = DL+LL for serviceability

Parallel to Perpendicular to Governing value

rafter(mm) rafter(mm)

DEAD LOAD 0.041 0.23 Perpendicular

LIVE LOAD 0.27 1.54 Perpendicular

WIND LOAD 0.24 1.369 Perpendicular

Table 13: load calculation

combination 1 perpendicular to rafter

A) pd=1.35 DL+1.5LL =1.35(0.23)+(1.5*1.54) =2 .6205kN/m

B) pd=1.35DL+1.5LL+0.9WL =(1.35*0.23)+(1.5*1.54)+(0.9*1.369) =3.852kN/m

C) pd=DL+1.5WL =0.23+(1.5*1.369) =2.27kN/m

D) pd= 0.23-(1.5*1.369) =1.82KN/m

E) pd=0.23+1.54 =1.77KN/m

Analysis of purlin

Maximum loading combination when it is perpendicular to the rafter

A) Maximum distributed load applied on purlin

Pd = 1.35DL+1.5LL+0.9 WL= 3.852KN/m

36
Mmax=WL2/8 Vmax=WL/2

= (3.852*(1.52))/8KN/m = (3.852*1.5)/2

= 1.083KNm = 2.889KN

B) pd=1.35DL+1.5LL-0.9WL=1.3879KN/m

Mmax=WL2/8=1.3879*(1.52)/8=1.5613KN

Vmax=WL/2=1.3879*(1.5)/2=1.041KN

Cross sectional resistance capacity

Cross sectional resistance capacity based table 4.1 of ESEN 1993; 2015
Table 14: cross sectional resistance capacity
1.3879kN/m
Steel class Moment of classis ( internal Calculation of member cross
force) momentum sectional resistance
1.5
I Plastic P

II Elastic P

III Elasti I

IV Elastic i

We are select rectangular tube RT-75

37
T= 2.5

Sx=10860 70mm

Sy=9040

50mm

Mpl,Rdx=SxFy/rmo=10860*275/1=2.986>1.083………………….OK

Mpl, Rdy= SyFy/rmo=9040*275/1=2.486>1,5613…………………OK

Combined moment effect

MxEd /Mpl,Rdx+My,Ed/Mpl,Rdy=(1.083/2.986)+(1.5613/2.486)=0.99<1………..OK

Plastic shear resistance

For rolled rectangular hallow section of

Vpl,Rd=Av Fy/(rmo*3^0.5)
AV is calculated based on …………………………………….ESEN 1993; 2015

Y(mm) B(mm) T(mm) Section Shear area

area(mm2)

When load 70 50 2.5 559 2ht=350mm

parallel to
depth

When load 70 50 2.5 559 2bt=250mm

parallel to
width

Vpl, Red= (350*275)/(1*3^0.5)=55.569KN>2.889…………………………………..OK

38
Vpl, Rd=(250*275)/(1*3^0.5)= 39.692>1.041………………………………………..OK

Therefore, use RH 70*50 t=2.5 for purlin construction

Truss analysis

Analysis and design of truss

Load

Purlin spacing=1.15
Truss spacing=1.5

Wind load

WL=-1.21*1.15*1.5=-2.087KN

Live load

LL=1KN
LL=0.4*1.15*1.5=0.69KN

Dead load

EGA sheet = 0.132

Purlin=0.236KN/m
Assume self-weight for manual calculation and define the cross section for soft ware
analysis
Assume self weight=0.25KN/m by including purlin and fasting. But te exact locations of
ceiling load is at the bottom.
DL= 0.132+0.236+0.25=0.618KN

Load combination

Using the govern load combination with negative wind pressure

PD= DL-1.5WL
=0.618-1.5(2.087)
=-2.5125KN

39
40
41
42