DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCES. AREA OF BIOLOGY AND GEOLOGY.

GROUP DATE EX. N.

EXAM UNIT 1
4th 13/10/2021 01/21-22

COMMENT MARK

Total marks: / 45

STUDENT:

Multiple choice questions. Choose the best circling it. ¼ guessing penalty (19marks).
1. Which of these are bioelements? 11. Triglycerides containing only
a. nitrogen, sulphur, calcium, iron saturated fatty acids form:
b. plumb, oxygen, carbon, sulphur a. Oils c. Fats
c. helium, carbon, sulphur, nitrogen b. Fragrances d. Margarine
d. silica, helium, oxygen, iron 12. What molecule is represented here?
2.
a. pH buffer c. Hydroskeletons
b. Nerve impulses d. Muscle contract.
3. Why is sweat a good coolant? a. Saturated fatty acid
a. Arterioles that transfer water to sweat get b. Trans unsaturated fatty acid
close to skin surface when it is hot. c. Cis unsaturated fatty acid
b. The energy input needed to break d. Cholesterol
hydrogen bonds is taken from body heat. 13. Which of the following is true about
c. Sweat contains minerals as sodium unsaturated fats?
chloride. a. More common in animals than in plants
d. Sweat is nonpolar. b. They increase LDL levels
4. Reaction in which two molecules are c. They solidify at room temperatures
joined together to form a large molecule d. They increase HDL levels
a. Condensation c. Polymerization 14. In an amino acid, the amine and
b. Hydrolysis d. Saponification carboxyl groups are bonded to the same
5. Which of the following is a hydrophobic carbon atom. What else is bonded to this
material? atom?
a. paper c. table salt a. H and R c. G and P
b. wax d. sugar b. G and R d. H and P
6. Which term includes all others in the 15. The structural level of a protein least
list? affected by a disruption in hydrogen
a. monosaccharide c. carbohydrate bonding is the
b. disaccharide d. starch a. primary c. secondary
7. The molecular formula of glucose is d. tertiary d. quaternary
C6H12O6, what would be the molecular 16. Which one is a contractile protein:
formula for a polymer made by linking 8 a. insulin c. actin
glucose molecules together? b. lactalbumin d. collagen
a. C48H82O41 c. C48H88O40 17. A molecule of DNA or RNA is a
b. C48H96O48 d. C48H80O40 polymer of:
8. Which monosaccharides are linked to a. monosaccharides c. amino acids
form lactose? b. nucleotides d. fatty acids
a. Glucose + glucose 18. Which of these nitrogenous bases is
b. Glucose + fructose NOT found in RNA:
c. Galactose + glucose a. Uracil c. Guanine
d. Fructose + fructose b. Adenine d. Thymine
9. Which of these is a polysaccharide? 19. The sugar in DNA is ___________, the
a. Glucagon c. Glycogen sugar in RNA is ___________.
b. Galactose d. Glycerol a. deoxyribose, ribose
10. If a person has a height of 200 cm and b. ribose, phosphate
a mass of 80 kg, what is its BMI? c. ribose, deoxyribose
a. 0.02 c. 20 d. uracil, thymine
b. 0.5 d. 500
20. Explain polarity of water. Make a drawing of it (5 marks).
Water is made up of two hydrogen atoms covalently bonded to an oxygen atom (H2O).
However, the electrons are not shared equally between the atoms: Oxygen (due to having
a higher electronegativity) attracts the electrons more strongly, so they orbit closer to the
oxygen atom than the hydrogen atoms resulting in polarity.
The two hydrogen atoms have a slight positive charge (δ+) and
the oxygen atom has a slight negative charge (δ ). Water
molecules have two poles and therefore are dipoles they show
dipolarity.

21. List two differences and two similarities between starch and cellulose ( 4 marks).
- Starch function is energetic; cellulose is structural.
- Starch is branched; cellulose is lineal.
- Starch is made of alpha glucoses, cellulose of beta.
- Both are made of glucoses joined by glycosidic bonds and are polysaccharides

22. Lipids: classification and functions (5 marks).

1. Lipids with fatty acids (saponifiable lipids)
a. Triglycerides (fats, oils): Energy reserve, thermal insulation and shock protection.
b. Phospholipids: Plasma membranes.
c. Waxes: Protection and structural.
2. Lipids without fatty acids (nonsaponifiable lipids)
a. Steroids: Vitamin D, cholesterol, hormones.
b. Terpenes: Vitamins A, E, K; pigments and fragrances.

23. Explain how temperature affects enzyme activity and draw a graph (4 marks).
Low temperatures result in insufficient thermal energy for the activation for an enzyme-
catalysed reaction to proceed. Increasing the temperature will increase the speed and
motion of both enzyme and substrate, resulting in higher
enzyme activity. This is because a higher kinetic energy will
result in more frequent collisions between the enzymes
and substrates. At an optimal temperature, the rate of
enzyme activity will be at its peak.
However, at high temperatures enzymes are denatured
and stop working. This is because heat causes vibrations
inside enzymes, which break intramolecular bonds needed
to maintain the tertiary structure of the enzyme.

24. Draw nucleotide general scheme and state differences between DNA and RNA (4
marks).
Sugar is Ribose in RNA and deoxyribose in
DNA.
Nitrogenous bases are adenine, cytosine
and guanine in DNA and RNA, but
thymine in DNA and uracil in RNA.
DNA is double stranded, RNA is single.
25. Construct a table that organizes the following terms, and label the columns and
rows (4 marks):
Monosaccharides Polypeptides Phosphodiester bonds
Fatty acids Triglycerides Peptide bonds
Amino acids Polynucleotides Glycosidic bonds
Nucleotides Polysaccharides Ester bonds
Monomers Polymer Type of bond
Carbohydrates Monosaccharides Polysaccharides Glycosidic bonds
Lipids Fatty acids Triglycerides Ester bonds
Proteins Amino acids Polypeptides Peptide bond
Nucleic acids Nucleotides Polynucleotides Phosphodiester b.