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    ELE 4653 Formula Sheet 202020

    Uploaded by

    Sanjay Kansal
    This document provides a formula sheet for the course ELE 4653 (Digital Signal Processing). It includes formulas and definitions for: - Discrete-time signals and systems, including the total energy, average power, and average power of periodic sequences. - Fourier analysis, including the discrete-time Fourier transform (DTFT), inverse DTFT, and some common DTFT pairs and properties. - Sampling and quantization, including definitions for quantization step size, signal-to-quantization noise ratio, and how SQNR relates to bit depth. - The z-transform, including common z-transform pairs and properties, and the partial fraction expansion for distinct poles. - The discrete

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    ELE 4653 Formula Sheet 202020

    Uploaded by

    Sanjay Kansal
    15 views4 pages
    This document provides a formula sheet for the course ELE 4653 (Digital Signal Processing). It includes formulas and definitions for: - Discrete-time signals and systems, including the total energy, average power, and average power of periodic sequences. - Fourier analysis, including the discrete-time Fourier transform (DTFT), inverse DTFT, and some common DTFT pairs and properties. - Sampling and quantization, including definitions for quantization step size, signal-to-quantization noise ratio, and how SQNR relates to bit depth. - The z-transform, including common z-transform pairs and properties, and the partial fraction expansion for distinct poles. - The discrete

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    This document provides a formula sheet for the course ELE 4653 (Digital Signal Processing). It includes formulas and definitions for: - Discrete-time signals and systems, including the total energy, average power, and average power of periodic sequences. - Fourier analysis, including the discrete-time Fourier transform (DTFT), inverse DTFT, and some common DTFT pairs and properties. - Sampling and quantization, including definitions for quantization step size, signal-to-quantization noise ratio, and how SQNR relates to bit depth. - The z-transform, including common z-transform pairs and properties, and the partial fraction expansion for distinct poles. - The discrete

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    15 views4 pages

    ELE 4653 Formula Sheet 202020

    Uploaded by

    Sanjay Kansal
    This document provides a formula sheet for the course ELE 4653 (Digital Signal Processing). It includes formulas and definitions for: - Discrete-time signals and systems, including the total energy, average power, and average power of periodic sequences. - Fourier analysis, including the discrete-time Fourier transform (DTFT), inverse DTFT, and some common DTFT pairs and properties. - Sampling and quantization, including definitions for quantization step size, signal-to-quantization noise ratio, and how SQNR relates to bit depth. - The z-transform, including common z-transform pairs and properties, and the partial fraction expansion for distinct poles. - The discrete

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 4

    Formula Sheet

    ELE 4653 (Digital Signal Processing)


    A. Discrete-Time Signals and Systems
    1. Total energy of a sequence 𝒙𝒙[𝒏𝒏]: 𝐸𝐸𝑥𝑥 = ∑∞
    𝑛𝑛=−∞|𝑥𝑥[𝑛𝑛]|
    2

    1
    2. The average power of a sequence 𝒙𝒙[𝒏𝒏]: 𝑃𝑃𝑥𝑥 = lim ∑𝐾𝐾
    𝑛𝑛=−𝐾𝐾|𝑥𝑥[𝑛𝑛]|
    2
    𝐾𝐾→∞ 2𝐾𝐾+1
    1
    3. The average power of a periodic sequence 𝒙𝒙𝒑𝒑 [𝒏𝒏]: 𝑃𝑃𝑥𝑥 = ∑𝑁𝑁−1
    𝑛𝑛=0 |𝑥𝑥[𝑛𝑛]|
    2
    𝑁𝑁

    B. Fourier Analysis
    1. Discrete-Time Fourier Transform (DTFT): 𝑋𝑋(𝜔𝜔) = 𝑋𝑋�𝑒𝑒 𝑗𝑗𝜔𝜔 � = ∑∞
    𝑛𝑛=−∞ 𝑥𝑥[𝑛𝑛]𝑒𝑒
    −𝑗𝑗𝜔𝜔𝑛𝑛

    1 𝜋𝜋
    2. Inverse Discrete-Time Fourier Transform (IDTFT): 𝑥𝑥[𝑛𝑛] = ∫ 𝑋𝑋(𝜔𝜔)𝑒𝑒 𝑗𝑗𝜔𝜔𝑛𝑛 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
    2𝜋𝜋 −𝜋𝜋

    3. Some Common DTFT Pairs and Properties

    Time
    Property DTFT
    sequence
    𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎[𝑛𝑛] 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎(𝜔𝜔)
    Linearity
    + 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏[𝑛𝑛] + 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏(𝜔𝜔)
    Time shift 𝑥𝑥[𝑛𝑛 − 𝑛𝑛0 ] 𝑋𝑋(𝜔𝜔)𝑒𝑒 −𝑗𝑗𝑛𝑛0 𝜔𝜔
    Time reversal 𝑥𝑥[−𝑛𝑛] 𝑋𝑋(−𝜔𝜔)
    Frequency
    𝑥𝑥[𝑛𝑛]𝑒𝑒 𝑗𝑗𝜔𝜔0 𝑛𝑛 𝑋𝑋(𝜔𝜔 − 𝜔𝜔0 )
    shift
    Convolution 𝑥𝑥[𝑛𝑛] ∗ 𝑦𝑦[𝑛𝑛] 𝑋𝑋(𝜔𝜔) 𝑌𝑌(𝜔𝜔)
    Multiplication 𝑥𝑥[𝑛𝑛] 𝑦𝑦[𝑛𝑛] 𝑋𝑋(𝜔𝜔) ∗ 𝑌𝑌(𝜔𝜔)
    Conjugation 𝑥𝑥 ∗ [𝑛𝑛] 𝑋𝑋 ∗ (−𝜔𝜔)

    C. Sampling and Quantization


    𝑅𝑅 𝑅𝑅 ∆2
    ∆= = 𝐵𝐵 𝑅𝑅 = 𝑥𝑥𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 − 𝑥𝑥𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 𝑃𝑃𝑞𝑞 =
    𝐿𝐿 2 12

    𝑃𝑃𝑥𝑥
    SQNR = 10 log10 � � dB SQNR = 10 log10 (𝑃𝑃𝑥𝑥 ) − 20 log10 (𝑅𝑅) + 10.79 + 6.02𝐵𝐵
    𝑃𝑃𝑞𝑞

    D. Z-Transform
    ∞

    𝑋𝑋(𝑧𝑧) = 𝒵𝒵 {𝑥𝑥[𝑛𝑛]} = � 𝑥𝑥[𝑛𝑛]𝑧𝑧 −𝑛𝑛


    𝑛𝑛=−∞

    ELE-4653 Page 1 of 4 Formula Sheet


    1. Some Common z-Transform Pairs

    2. Summary of z-Transform Properties

    3. Partial Fraction Expansion for distinct poles

    (𝑧𝑧 − 𝑧𝑧1 ) ⋯ (𝑧𝑧 − 𝑧𝑧𝑙𝑙 ) 𝑧𝑧 𝑧𝑧


    𝑋𝑋(𝑧𝑧) = 𝐶𝐶 = 𝐴𝐴0 + 𝐴𝐴1 + ⋯ + 𝐴𝐴𝑚𝑚
    (𝑧𝑧 − 𝑝𝑝1 ) ⋯ (𝑧𝑧 − 𝑝𝑝𝑚𝑚 ) 𝑧𝑧 − 𝑝𝑝1 𝑧𝑧 − 𝑝𝑝𝑚𝑚

    𝐴𝐴0 = 𝑋𝑋(𝑧𝑧)|𝑧𝑧=0 𝑋𝑋(𝑧𝑧)


    𝐴𝐴𝑘𝑘 = (𝑧𝑧 − 𝑝𝑝𝑘𝑘 ) �
    𝑧𝑧 𝑧𝑧=𝑝𝑝𝑘𝑘

    E. Discrete Fourier Transform


    1. Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT):
    𝑁𝑁−1 𝑁𝑁−1
    2𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋 2𝜋𝜋
    −𝑗𝑗
    𝑋𝑋[𝑘𝑘] = � 𝑥𝑥[𝑛𝑛]𝑒𝑒 𝑁𝑁 = � 𝑥𝑥[𝑛𝑛]𝑊𝑊𝑁𝑁𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 ; 𝑊𝑊𝑁𝑁 = 𝑒𝑒 −𝑗𝑗 𝑁𝑁
    𝑛𝑛=0 𝑛𝑛=0

    ELE-4653 Page 2 of 4 Formula Sheet


    2. Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform (IDFT):
    𝑁𝑁−1 𝑁𝑁−1
    1 2𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋 1
    𝑥𝑥[𝑛𝑛] = � 𝑋𝑋(𝑘𝑘)𝑒𝑒 𝑗𝑗 𝑁𝑁 = � 𝑋𝑋(𝑘𝑘)𝑊𝑊𝑁𝑁−𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
    𝑁𝑁 𝑁𝑁
    𝑛𝑛=0 𝑛𝑛=0

    F. Digital Filter Design


    1. FIR filter design using window method:
    𝜔𝜔𝑐𝑐�
    sin(𝜔𝜔𝑐𝑐 𝑛𝑛) 𝜋𝜋 for 𝑛𝑛 = 0
    Ideal LPF: ℎ𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 [𝑛𝑛] = = �sin(𝜔𝜔𝑐𝑐 𝑛𝑛)
    𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋 for 𝑛𝑛 = ±1, ±2, … , ±𝑁𝑁
    𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋
    ℎ𝑤𝑤 [𝑛𝑛] = ℎ𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 [𝑛𝑛]. 𝑤𝑤[𝑛𝑛]
    Some common windows
    Rectangular
    window:
    𝑤𝑤[𝑛𝑛] = 1; for 𝑛𝑛 = 0, ±1, ±2, … , ±𝑀𝑀
    Hanning 𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛
    window:
    𝑤𝑤[𝑛𝑛] = 0.5 + 0.5 cos � � ; for 𝑛𝑛 = 0, ±1, ±2, … , ±𝑀𝑀
    𝑀𝑀
    Hamming 𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛
    window:
    𝑤𝑤[𝑛𝑛] = 0.54 + 0.46 cos � � ; for 𝑛𝑛 = 0, ±1, ±2, … , ±𝑀𝑀
    𝑀𝑀
    Blackman 𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛 2𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛
    window 𝑤𝑤 [𝑛𝑛] = 0.42 + 0.5 cos � � + 0.008 cos � � ; for 𝑛𝑛 = 0, ±1, ±2, … , ±𝑀𝑀
    𝑀𝑀 𝑀𝑀
    Triangular |𝑛𝑛|
    (Bartlett) 𝑤𝑤[𝑛𝑛] = 1 − ; for 𝑛𝑛 = 0, ±1, ±2, … , ±𝑀𝑀
    Window: 𝑀𝑀

    2. IIR filter design using Butterworth approximation and BLT method:


    2 𝜔𝜔𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 2𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋𝑐𝑐
    2 𝜔𝜔𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 Ω𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 = tan � � 𝜔𝜔𝑐𝑐 =
    Ω𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 = tan � � 𝑇𝑇 2 𝐹𝐹𝑠𝑠
    𝑇𝑇 2

    100.1(𝐴𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 )𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 − 1
    log �� � Ω𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠
    100.1(𝐴𝐴𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 )dB − 1 Ω𝑐𝑐 = 1
    𝑁𝑁 = �100.1(𝐴𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 )dB − 1�2𝑁𝑁
    Ω𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠
    log � �
    Ω𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝

    𝐻𝐻(𝑧𝑧) = 𝐻𝐻𝑎𝑎 (𝑠𝑠)| 2 1−𝑧𝑧 −1 𝐻𝐻𝑎𝑎 (𝑠𝑠) = 𝐻𝐻𝑃𝑃 (𝑠𝑠)|𝑠𝑠 → 𝑠𝑠


    𝑠𝑠 = Ω𝑐𝑐
    𝑇𝑇 1+𝑧𝑧 −1

    ELE-4653 Page 3 of 4 Formula Sheet


    ELE-4653 Page 4 of 4 Formula Sheet

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