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Health
Quarter 2- Module 6:
Family Life

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I. Responsible Parenthood

Discusses the importance of newborn screening, and the APGAR scoring

system for newborns - H8FH-IIe-f-32
Explains the importance of prenatal care and post-natal care - H8FH-IIe-f-33
Discusses the essential newborn protocol (Unang Yakap) and advantages of
breastfeeding for both mother and child - H8FH-IIe-f-34-35
Recognizes the importance of immunization in protecting children’s health -
H8FH-IIe-f-36
Analyzes the importance of responsible parenthood - H8FH-IIg-h-37
Explains the effects of rapid population growth and family size on health of the
nation - H8FH-IIg-h-38-40
Examines the important roles and responsibilities of parents in child rearing
and care - H8FH-IIg-h-39
Enumerates modern family planning methods (natural and artificial) - H8FH-
Iig-h-41

II. CONCEPT NOTES

Newborn Screening, APGAR Scoring System, and Immunization

Newborn Screening

Newborn screening (NBS) is an essential public health strategy that

enables the early detection and management of several congenital disorders,
which if left untreated, may lead to mental retardation and/or death. Early
diagnosis and initiation of treatment, along with appropriate long-term care help
ensure normal growth and development of the affected individual. It has been
an integral part of routine newborn care in most developed countries for five
decades, either as a health directive or mandated by law.

Importance of Newborn Screening

Newborn screening allows for early detection of disorders. If detected,
the treatment may be done immediately. The goal of newborn screening is to
give all newborns a chance to live normal lives and safeguard them to reach
their full abilities and potential.

How the Test is done

1. Screening should be done within 48 hours or at least 24 hours from
birth but not later than 3 days after complete delivery. A newborn
placed in intensive care may be exempted from 3-day requirement
but must be tested by 7 days of age.
2. A few drops of blood drawn from pricking the baby’s heel.
3. Then it is blotched on a special absorbent card and dried for at least
4 hours.
4. The procedure may be done by the physician, nurse, midwife or,
medical technologist.
5. If a screening test suggests a problem, the doctor will follow up with
further testing.

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APGAR Scoring System

Stands for Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity and Respiration.”

It is a scoring system doctors and nurses use to assess newborns, one
minute and five minutes after they’re born.
In the test, five things are used to check a baby's health. Each is scored on a
scale of 0 to 2, with 2 being the best score:
1. Appearance (skin color)
2. Pulse (heart rate)
3. Grimace response (reflexes)
4. Activity (muscle tone)
5. Respiration (breathing rate and effort)

Doctors, midwives, or nurses add up these five factors for the Apgar
score. Scores are between 10 and 0. Ten is the highest score possible, but few
babies get it. That's because most babies' hands and feet remain blue until they
have warmed up.

Unang Yakap - Essential Newborn Care: Protocol for New Life

Unang Yakap is a simple and evidence-based interventions that may
help in ensuring the survival of all newborns and young infant. This compasses
interventions such as ensuring warmth, breastfeeding, love and safety and
infection control. This protocol is now practiced in birthing centers and hospitals.
Clear instructions that Essential Intrapartum Newborn Care (EINC) protocol will
be performed immediately after the delivery must be given by the mother prior
to giving birth.
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 The step-by-step interventions in EINC
1. Immediate and thorough drying of the baby,
2. Early-skin-to-skin contact between the mother and the newborn,
3. Properly timed cord clamping
4. Non-separation of the mother and baby for early breastfeeding initiation

Unang Yakap emphasizes the need to breastfeed within the first 60-90
minutes. It is during the early stage of breastfeeding when the protein and
nutrient-rich colostrum is released. This gives protection to newborn baby
against infections.
Immunization in Protecting Children’s Health

Immunization is a way of protecting the human body against infectious

diseases through vaccination. It is important for all children to have shots for
immunization because it prepares the body to fight against diseases in case a
child encounter them in the future.

Immunization protects against many serious childhood diseases,

including measles, chicken pox, tetanus, mumps, polio, hepatitis etc.

Responsible Parenthood

Parenthood is the state of being a parent. Traditionally, it means being a father

or mother of the biological child. When adoption is involved, the parents are the legal
father and mother of the child. Responsible parenthood is the will and ability to respond
to the needs and aspirations of the family.
Responsible parenting is defined as the series of decisions couples make to
ensure the best possible life for the family and for the community to which the family
belongs. It is the ability of the parents to raise children in the Filipino way and to satisfy
the social, economic, and religious responsibilities of a family. Parenting also includes
the inculcation of values and instilling of discipline
Parenthood is a great responsibility or task. It is not a role which can be
successfully played on the basis of chance. It is a status where responsible couples
arrive at after making a decision to have a family.

There are several factors when thinking of parenthood:

1. Happiness and stability of the marriage.

The relationship of the couple should be satisfactory because a child’s arrival
may only become another source of marital stress and misery.
2. Physical and emotional readiness of both partners for parenthood.
A wife should be physically and emotionally prepared to give birth to a healthy
child and the husband should be mature enough to carry out his responsibilities.
3. Financial stability.
The cost of living gets higher as the newborn child completes the family and it
depends to his parents.

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What do we mean by the importance of responsible parenthood?

An important part of growing up is learning to make decisions about our lives.

Part of decision- making means taking responsibility for our own actions and
understanding that our decisions affect the lives of other people. In order to make
responsible decisions, a person needs accurate and reliable information. Decisions
about family size and child spacing should be made by the mother and father together
as they will affect both of their lives. The situation of every person and each couple is
different. Therefore, there cannot be a set of rules or guidelines which can be applied
to everyone. Couples need to make their own decisions regarding responsible
behaviour. However, discussions within the youth group and advice and counseling
from adults can help youth to make good decisions. Establishing a family is a very
important decision that demands emotional, intellectual, social, physical, and
economic preparation. Motherhood and fatherhood are not simply tasks for
which we are "naturally equipped"; they require preparation and maturity.

The Effects of Family Size on Family Health

EFFECTS OF SMALLER FAMILY

1. Allows the parents to give more attention and love to their children
2. Happier and more emotionally stable
3. Financially stable
4. More time, energy, and money left for other pursuits
5. Children tend to be bigger, heavier, and healthier.
EFFECTS OF BIGGER FAMILY
1. Nutritional intake per member tends to be smaller, malnutrition tends to
be higher.
2. Disadvantaged in terms of physical development
3. Prone to infection and parasite infestations
4. Exercise self-deprivation and sacrifice.
5. There is a stiff competition among siblings

Effects of Family Size on Health

1. Nutritional Status
2. Morbidity
3. Risk Behaviors
4. Utilization of Health Services

Roles and Responsibilities of Parents in Child Rearing and Care

The Roles of Parents

1. Care givers: parents give their children the love and care that they need to grow up
happy and healthy, and full of love themselves.
2. Material providers: parents provide all the material things that a child needs,
including food and shelter.

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3. Educators: part of a parent’s role involves educating their children about everything
from doing up coat buttons to learning the alphabet.
4. Moral guides: parents ought to provide moral guidance as early as possible, so that
their children grow up into upright citizens.
5. Providers of emotional support: sympathy, empathy and kindness ought to be
abundant in everything that parents do. There is no point in providing material
things for a child if this is not accompanied with love and kindness, and a
willingness to listen to and help with any problems that the child may have.

The Responsibilities of Parents

1. Their children’s health: it is down to the parents to ensure that their children are
healthy and well nourished.
2. Basic education: before children start school, it is their parents who are responsible
for their education. Once they are at school, parents still are responsible for ensuring
that their children attend classes and do their homework.
3. Moral examples: parents should not just tell their children what is right and what is
wrong. They should also be a good example to their children of what is right and wrong.
4. Material necessities: parents are responsible for ensuring that their children have
enough to eat and drink, that they stay nice and warm in winter and are protected from
the sun in summer. They do not need to spoil their children, but they should ensure
that they have a safe place to live and sleep and clothes to wear as well as toys to
play with and books to read.
5. Love: love is not just an emotion – it can also be argued that it is always a parent’s
responsibility to show love and individual affection to their children. Parental love is
something that comes naturally – parents just need to make sure that they express
this love so their children can see it clearly.

The Duties of Parents

1. Choosing a name: parents are almost always the ones who choose their child’s
name, though a child may choose to go by a nick name or to change their name once
they become an adult.
2. Protection: a key parental duty is protecting their child from things that could harm
them physically and emotionally. Of course, that does not mean that a parent should
lie to their child about the world or wrap them in cotton wool. However, they need to
keep their child safe from danger – and to teach their child how to keep themselves
safe as well.
3. Discipline: children can be disciplined without the need for angry words or physical
violence. one of the key parental duties is disciplining a child so that they can practice
self-discipline later in life.
4. Financial support: the duty of ensuring that a child is supported financially so that
they have all their material needs met is very often a legal requirement of parents.

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5. Wellbeing: parents’ duties extend to caring for children both physically and
emotionally. That means taking them to the doctor and getting their vaccinations,
promoting positive mental health and attending to any cuts and bruises with first aid.

Modern Family Planning Method (Natural and Artificial)

Family Planning
In choosing the numbers of children in a family and the length of time between
their births. There are two types of modern family planning. These are natural and
artificial family planning.

Natural Family Planning

Is also called fertility awareness or the rhythm method, relies an abstinence
from sexual intercourse during the most fertile phase of a woman’s menstrual cycle.

3 Methods to Predict Ovulation

1. Basal Body Temperature method: a woman’s resting temperature rises between 0.4
and 0.8 F on the day of ovulation and stays elevated until the next menstrual period.
Using a special (basal body) thermometer, a woman needs to take her temperature
every morning before getting out of bed.
2. Cervical Mucus Method: right before ovulation, the mucus from the cervix changes
from being cloudy and scanty to being clear and slippery. The consistency of ovulation
mucus is like that of an egg white and it can be stretched between the fingers. After
the ovulation, the mucus tends to dry up again.
3. Calendar Method: with regular menstrual periods can guess when ovulation occurs
by looking at a record of their cycles. If a reasonable estimate can be made of when
the next menstrual cycle will begin, subtracting 14 days from the estimated date will
give the approximate day of ovulation.
Artificial Method of Family Planning
1. Injectable Contraception (Depo-Provera): Depo medroxyprogesterone acetate
(Depo-Provera or DMPA) is an injectable synthetic hormone that prevents pregnancy
for 13 weeks at a time. The hormone is like the one produced by the body
(progesterone) to regulate the menstrual cycle. DMPA works mainly by preventing
ovulation- the process by which an egg released from the ovary. It also thickens the
cervical mucus which may keep sperm from joining the egg.
2. IUD (Intrauterine Device): is a small device placed inside the uterus for birth control.
It is thought to primarily prevent fertilization by creating an intense inflammatory
reaction inside the uterus that is harmful for sperm, either destroying sperm or making
it nearly impossible for sperm to reach the fallopian tubes. Secondarily, the IUD also
makes the uterus unsuitable for implantation.
3. Birth Control Pills: are pills which are taken by mouth every day to prevent
pregnancy. Combined birth control pills are the most common type and contain both
female sex hormones- estrogen and progesterone (in the form of progestin). The pill
works mainly by preventing the ovaries from releasing eggs (ovulation). Secondarily,

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it may also prevent fertilization from occurring by thickening the cervical mucus which
impedes the sperm.
4. Diaphragm: is a dome-shaped latex cap that is first coated with spermicidal gel or
cream and then placed high in the vagina before intercourse. It is a physical barrier to
sperm entering the cervix but, more importantly, it holds the spermicidal cream or gel
against the cervix thus immobilizes sperm near the cervical canal.
5. Condoms: or sheath was known in Europe as early as the 16th century. It was then
made of animal gut or linen. Modern condoms are made of rubber.
6. Female Condoms: is a thin polyurethane sheath which lines the vagina and some
of the external genitalia. It is a barrier method of birth control and does not contain a
spermicide.
7. Cervical cap: is a soft rubber cup to which spermicide is added before it is placed
snugly over the cervix. It presents a physical barrier to sperm and kills those sperm
which do come in contact with the spermicide.
8. Spermicides: are chemicals which kill sperm. They are available in many different
forms: suppository, foam, cream, gel, film and tablets. The active ingredient in most
spermicidal is nonoxynol-9, which may also offer protection against sexuality
transmitted diseases.
9. Sterilization: is a simple operation for both men and women. It is a one-time method
of birth control which is permanent and requires no effort other than getting the
procedure done.
10. Withdrawal: refers to a pregnancy prevention method where the man pulls the
penis out of the vagina before ejaculation into the vagina.

Two Kinds of Sterilization:

1. Vasectomy: is a permanent method of birth control for men. It is a surgical procedure

which is done under local anesthesia. The vas deferens is blocked- the tube that
carries the sperm from the testicle to the opening of the penis. After a vasectomy,
sperm will not be present in the semen and pregnancy cannot occur. The procedure
is done under local anesthesia and takes only 15-20 minutes. There is no need of any
overnight stay.
2. Female Sterilization: is a permanent method of birth control which requires surgery.
The surgery involves blocking the fallopian tubes by cutting them, electrically sealing
them, or putting clips/rings (spring clip/Falope clip) on them. Pregnancy does not occur
because the sperm cannot the reach the egg (fertilization). The procedure is done
under local or general anesthesia, usually using a laparoscope. The laparoscope
makes it possible to do the surgery with an incision of only about ½. It has therefore
been called the band-aid operation because of the minimal amount of disruption to the
skin. Most women do not stay overnight.

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III. LEARNING TASKS
Learning Task 1
Thumbs Up or Thumbs Down
Instruction: Write TP if you agree with the statement and TD if not. Write your
answer on the space provided before each number.

________1. Newborn screening allows for early detection of disorders.

_______2. APGAR stands for Appearance, Pose, Grimace, Activity and Respiration
_______3. After giving birth, there should be no skin-to-skin contact between the
mother and the newborn to avoid contamination.
________4. Unang Yakap emphasizes the need to breastfeed within the first 60-90
minutes.
_______5. Immunization is a way of protecting the human body against infectious
diseases through vaccination.

Learning Task 2
Mugs of Responsibilities
Direction: Write in a mug the responsibilities you want to bestow to your own future
family. Cite at least five (5).

My own responsibilities as a
mother or father

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

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Learning Task 3
Instructions: Enumerate at least five (5) modern family planning methods (Natural
and Artificial) and explain each for minimum of 3 sentences.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

IV. REFLECTION
Instructions: Write your insights from the slogan given below. Give at least 5
sentences.

“Family Planning: Pagkakaroon ng Hustong Bilang ng Anak na may Tamang Agwat”

___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

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V. REFERENCES
References Books:

Basic Nutrition for Filipinos by Virginia S. Claudio, PR.D, RND, et. al., Meriam School
and Office Supplies Corp. 864-870 H. Reyes Sr. Ave., Sampaloc, Manila, 1982.
Decisions for Health, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, A Harcourt Education Company,
Orlando, Austin, New York, 2105
Teaching Guide on the 2010 Secondary Education Curriculum (P.E. and Health
Education II)
MAPEH III by Vilma Perez, et.al.,St. Bernadette Publication, Quezon City
Merki,M and Merki, D. (1996). Health: A Guide to Wellness. California, U.S.A.
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
Ryder,V. (1990). Contemporary Living. Illinois, U.S.A. The Goodheart Willcox Co.,Inc
Department of Health Philippines. Administrative Order Noo. 121 s. 2003 “
Strengthening Implementation of the National Newborn Screening System.”
Philomina, Arnold. 2008. Image. December 14. Accessed November 25,2020
Population and Education Teaching Module 2009
Non-print Materials:

https://www.aafp.org/afp/2008/0401/p987.html
https://www.slideshare.net/lecressini13/g8-healthq2lmfamily-health-ii
https://www.depednegor.net/uploads/8/3/5/2/8352879/health_tg_5.pdf
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/23799528_Preoperative_Assessment_Ena
bles_the_Early_Detection_and_Successful_Treatment_of_Lymphedema
https://medlineplus.gov/newbornscreening.html
http://acronymsandslang.com/definition/7782483/APGAR-meaning.html
https://www.healthcheckup.com/child/apgar-score-interpretation/
https://www.smartparenting.com.ph/parenting/baby/does-a-newborn-baby-s-apgar-
score-matter-a00041-20181022
https://www.slideshare.net/kennethreyronquillo/quarter-2-health-grade-8
http://indianexpresss.in/parents-meaning-roles-responsibilities-and-duties-of-parents/
https://www.importantindia.com/24226/parents/
https://www.slideshare.net/rowenativoli/family-planning-2816087
https://www.drugs.com/pro/plan-b.html
https://www.catholicculture.org/commentary/plan-b-not-abortifacient/
https://www.tldm.org/news11/contraceptionsaintthomasaquinas.htm
http://www.vatican.va/news_services/liturgy/documents/ns_lit_doc_14121999_porta-
santa_en.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seven_seals
https://www.slideshare.net/WilmaBeralde/family-planning-pagpaplano-ng-pamilya
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/newbornscreening.html
https://www.healthline.com/health/apgar-score#conclusions
https://www.stanfordchildrens.org/en/topic/default?id=why-childhood-immunizations-
are-important-1-4510
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VolwsYhOCTc
http://www.webmd.com/baby/tc/pregnancy-common-concerns
http://www.healthguidance.org/entry/9975/1/What-Is-the-Definition-of-Nutrition.html
http://www.thefreedictionary.com/affection
http://www.thenewstoday.info/2009/12/10/essential.newborn.care.protocol.launched.
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html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Courtship_in_the_Philippines
http://chroniclesofanursingmom.wordpress.com/category/essential-newborn-care/
http://weddings.about.com/cs/bridesandgrooms/a/vowwording.htm
http://www.lyricsmode.com/lyrics/f/freddie_aguilar/#share
http://pediatrics.med.nyu.edu/endocrinology/patient-care/congenital-hypothyroidism
https://www.emsworld.com/article/10615556/ems-recap-apgar-scoring
https://rb.gy/asxrus
https://rb.gy/zxgs9l
https://rb.gy/aois1c
https://rb.gy/pnxizh
https://rb.gy/pnxizh
http://bitly.ws/8Vbt
http://bitly.ws/8Vby
http://bitly.ws/8Vaf
http://bitly.ws/8Var
http://bitly.ws/8VbF
http://bitly.ws/8VbG
https://bit.ly/3nSzmZh
https://bit.ly/2Bht7f6
https://cutt.ly/Soe5uNN
https://cutt.ly/Aor1P76
https://cutt.ly/Aor1P76
https://cutt.ly/NorM5Rk
https://cutt.ly/Aor1P76
https://cutt.ly/NorM5Rk
https://cutt.ly/NorM5Rk
https://cutt.ly/hor7wEv
https://cutt.ly/zor30cm

VI. ANSWER KEY

TP 5.
TP 4.
vary vary TD 3.
Answers may Answers may TD 2.
Learning Task 3: TP 1.
Learning Task 2:
Learning Task 1:

Compiled by:
Jasmin P. Bonghanoy, Teacher I
Christine Mae Abria, Teacher I
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