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    Surds Lecture

    Uploaded by

    Adwin JY Low
    This document defines surds as irrational roots of real numbers like √2 and √3. It outlines laws of indices and operations on surds, including multiplying, dividing, and adding/subtracting surds. Conjugate surds are defined as expressions like a√m + b√n and a√m - b√n whose product is always rational. The document describes rationalizing the denominator of a surd expression by multiplying the numerator and denominator by the conjugate surd to obtain a rational number in the denominator.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Surds Lecture

    Uploaded by

    Adwin JY Low
    45 views1 page
    This document defines surds as irrational roots of real numbers like √2 and √3. It outlines laws of indices and operations on surds, including multiplying, dividing, and adding/subtracting surds. Conjugate surds are defined as expressions like a√m + b√n and a√m - b√n whose product is always rational. The document describes rationalizing the denominator of a surd expression by multiplying the numerator and denominator by the conjugate surd to obtain a rational number in the denominator.

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    Notes and example questions on surds

    Original Title

    2. Surds lecture

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    This document defines surds as irrational roots of real numbers like √2 and √3. It outlines laws of indices and operations on surds, including multiplying, dividing, and adding/subtracting surds. Conjugate surds are defined as expressions like a√m + b√n and a√m - b√n whose product is always rational. The document describes rationalizing the denominator of a surd expression by multiplying the numerator and denominator by the conjugate surd to obtain a rational number in the denominator.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    45 views1 page

    Surds Lecture

    Uploaded by

    Adwin JY Low
    This document defines surds as irrational roots of real numbers like √2 and √3. It outlines laws of indices and operations on surds, including multiplying, dividing, and adding/subtracting surds. Conjugate surds are defined as expressions like a√m + b√n and a√m - b√n whose product is always rational. The document describes rationalizing the denominator of a surd expression by multiplying the numerator and denominator by the conjugate surd to obtain a rational number in the denominator.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 1

    SURDS

    DEFINITION OF A SURD (根式)

    • A surd is an irrational root of a real number, eg. √2, √3 etc.

    LAWS OF INDICES AND OPERATIONS ON SURDS


    • Laws of indices (covered in E-Mathematics)
    o 𝑎𝑚 × 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎𝑚+𝑛
    o 𝑎𝑚 ÷ 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎𝑚−𝑛
    o 𝑎𝑚 × 𝑏 𝑚 = 𝑎𝑏 𝑚
    𝑎 𝑚
    o 𝑎 𝑚 ÷ 𝑏 𝑚 = (𝑏 )

    o (𝑎𝑚 )𝑛 = 𝑎𝑚×𝑛 = 𝑎𝑚𝑛


    o 𝑎0 = 1, where 𝑎 ≠ 0
    1
    o 𝑎−𝑚 = 𝑎𝑚
    𝑚 𝑚
    𝑛 𝑛
    o 𝑎 𝑛 = ( √𝑎) = ( √𝑎 𝑚 )

    • Operations on surds
    o √𝑎 × √𝑎 = 𝑎
    o √𝑎 × √𝑏 = √𝑎𝑏
    √𝑎 𝑎
    o √𝑎 ÷ √𝑏 = √𝑏 = √𝑏

    o 𝑚√𝑎 + 𝑛√𝑎 = (𝑚 + 𝑛)√𝑎


    o 𝑚√𝑎 − 𝑛√𝑎 = (𝑚 − 𝑛)√𝑎

    CONJUGATE SURDS (共轭根式)

    • 𝑎√𝑚 + 𝑏√𝑛 and 𝑎√𝑚 − 𝑏√𝑛 are conjugate surds


    • (𝑎√𝑚 + 𝑏√𝑛)(𝑎√𝑚 − 𝑏√𝑛) = 𝑎2 𝑚 − 𝑏 2 𝑛, which is a rational number
    • The product of a pair of conjugate surds is always a rational number

    RATIONALISING THE DENOMINATOR


    • To rationalise the denominator of a surd is to make the denominator a rational number
    √𝑎 √𝑎 √𝑏 √𝑎𝑏
    o = × =
    √𝑏 √𝑏 √𝑏 𝑏

    1 1 √𝑎−√𝑏 √𝑎−√𝑏
    o = × =
    √𝑎+√𝑏 √𝑎+√𝑎 √𝑎−√𝑏 𝑎−𝑏

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