STMicroelectronics Power Compel

Power conversion
Luca Salati
Industrial and MultiMarket BU – EMEA region
AGENDA
 STMicroelectronics overview
 AC-DC conversion
 VIPer and Altair families
 Power factor correction (drivers, MOSFET and
rectifiers)
 HV PWM conversion (drivers, MOSFET and rectifiers,
synchronous rectification)
 DC-DC conversion
08/11/07 – REV. 2 2
STMicroelectronics
08/11/07 – REV. 2 3
Sales by market segment
08/11/07 – REV. 2 4
ST – a culture of Sustainable Excellence
 Environmental policy & Certifications
Our results* from
 we have had a Corporate Environment Policy since
1994 to 2010
1993, which reflects a proactive attitude towards
environmental protection Electricity per unit:
 all 14 of our manufacturing sites are certified to the

-52.0%
international environmental standard, ISO 14001 and Water per unit:
have EMAS validation
-73.3%
 Environmental objectives and the Environment,
Chemicals
Health and Safety Decalogue (2000-2010):
 a set of ten targets created to help the company
reduce its impact on the environment -45.7%
 Introduced in 1995, revised in 1999 and 2005
(*) Consumption per
 Visit: unit of production
http://www.st.com/internet/com/about_st/Environment_Company.jsp
5
ST: Power Discrete & Analog WW Ranking
Power Discrete Ranking 2010 Key product family Key target applications
Power MOSFET (High Voltage) #1 HV Power MOSFETs Power supply, lighting, solar
Protection & IPAD #1 Rectifiers Power management
Thyristors / Triacs #1 ACS switches Home appliances
Rectifiers & power diodes #3 Mobiles, USB/HDMI
Protections & IPAD
interfaces, wired data transfer
Analog Ranking 2010 Key product family Key target applications

Analog ICs* # 2 Power management ICs Power supply, solar, lighting
Mixed signal ICs Mobiles, peripherals, portable medical
*Ranking refers to total ST Analog ICs sales
Battery management ICs Mobiles, PDAs, e-Books
LED driver ICs Street lighting, building, panel arrays
Source: iSuppli, ST
08/11/07 – REV. 2 6
Innovation in Power Technologies
Ultra Low Power 3D Heterogeneous Advanced BCD

Technologies Integration/ TSV
Innovative Wire Bonding
New Materials:
Harvesting and Thin SiC & GaN
Film Batteries
Advanced Packaging &

System-in-Package
08/11/07 – REV. 2 7
AC-DC Power conversion
Luca Salati
Industrial and MultiMarket BU – EMEA region
AC-DC conversion portfolio
HV Monolithic Switchers Synchr. Rectifier Controllers

• VIPer20/A, 50/A, 100/A • STSR2P, STSR2PM
• VIPer12A, VIPer22A, VIPer53/E • STSR3, STSR30
• VIPer17 / 27 / 28 / 16 / 26 / 15 • SRK2000
• Altair05 / Altair04
CV/CC Controllers
PFC PWM Controllers
• TSM101, 103W
Controllers PWM – FF • TSM1011,1012,1013,1014
• UC384x, L5991/A • TSM1051, 1052
TM • SEA05
• SG3524, SG3525
• L6561
• L6562 • L6668
• L6591 Supervisor/Housekeeping ICs
• L6563S/H
• L6562A/T QR • TSM102,104W,106,107,109
• L6564 • TSM111, 114,115
• L6565 • L6610, L6611
• L6566A /B / BH • TL77XX
FF-CCM
• L4981A/B RESONANT
• L6598 Load-share Controller
• L6599A • L6615
08/11/07 – REV. 2 9
Part 1 – VIPer and Altair
Monolithic AC-DC converter families with 800/900V
integrated mosfet
VIPer+ / Altair introduction:
new double chip approach
 AC-DC converters up to 20W (as of today…) with integrated 800/900V mosfet for:
 Home appliances / automation
 Auxiliary SMPS in STB / PWM / HID lamp (including street-lighting)
 LED lighting
 Metering
 Industrial AC-DC SMPS 800V/900V
AVALANCHE
RUGGED
TECHNOLOGY
LOW
VOLTAGE
TECHNOLOGY
08/11/07 – REV. 2 11
VIPer+ Converter Portfolio
30 W 18 W 5.5 W
730V
620V
1 W (3)
VIPer22
VIPer12 VIPer50
VIPer20
30 W 24 W 7W 4.5 W 800 V
SuperMESH SuperMESH SuperMESH SuperMESH III Av.Rug.
30 mW(3) CTRL
VIPer17 VIPer27 VIPer37 VIPer x7
30 mW(3) CTRL
30 mW(3)
CTRL
VIPer28 VIPer38 VIPer x8
30 mW(3)
CTRL
4W(1) / 8W(2) 6W(1) / 12W(2) 12W(1) / 24W(2) 15W(1) / 30W(2)

SSO10 & DIP7 SO16N & DIP7 SO16N & DIP7 SDIP10
(1) Open frame, VIN = 85 - 264VAC ,

(2) Open frame, VIN = 230VAC ±20%,
(3) Achievable consumption at no load with Vin 264VAC under development, SOP planned within 2011 Product not available
08/11/07 – REV. 2 12
Main features
Basic features VIPer x7 VIPer x8 VIPer x5 VIPer x6
PWM operations Fixed Frequency (60 or 115kHz) with Fixed Frequency

Quasi Resonant (301 or 60 or 115kHz)
with settable IDLIM Jittering
with Jittering
800V Extra Power Simplified

Avalanche Rugged Brown out Brown out Non Isolated
Timer
loop
Burst Mode Over Voltage No auxiliary
Over
Temperature Over Load Delay Feedback
shut down disconnection
Soft start 2° OCP Auto restart

(fixed time)
Latched a
Auto restart Feedback
disconnection
(option only for VIPer06)
Latched OVP
(option for VIPer25LLD)
(1) 30kHz available only for VIPer06
08/11/07 – REV. 2 13
SMPS topology and main applications
High features - Isolated Fly-back

VIPer17 VIPer27 VIPer37 Auxiliary PS, STB, DVD, Games console, LCD TV,
major appliances, Motor control, Power Meter,
Chargers, Adapters, PC Stand-by
Quasi Resonant - Isolated Fly-back

VIPer15 VIPer25 VIPer35 Auxiliary PS, STB, DVD, Games console, LCD TV,
VIPer28 VIPer38 Peak Power Isolated Fly-back

DVD, Printer, ATX
Non Isolated converters

VIPer06 VIPer16 VIPer26 Home appliances, Small appliances, Lighting, Power
meter
DIP7 DIP7 DIP7 Basic features – Isolated Fly-back

SDIP10 Auxiliary PS, STB, DVD, Games console, LCD TV,
SSO10 SO16N SO16N
1W……. …….15W(1) / 30W (2)
08/11/07 – REV. 2 14
AN2864 STAND BY PERFORMANCE OPTIMIZED WIDE
RANGE INPUT 5V/1A OUTPUT VIPER17L DEMO-BOARD
w/o Brown out feature
In case of Brown out feature is

implemented additional 10mW
must be considered
08/11/07 – REV. 2 15
AN2864 STAND BY PERFORMANCE OPTIMIZED WIDE RANGE
INPUT 5V/1A OUTPUT VIPER17L DEMO-BOARD
According to Norm, efficiency has to be higher than:
Po [W] 1 2 3 4 5
Energy Star 2.0: / 0.56 0.61 0.64 0.66 0.68
EUP Efficiency [%]
VIPer17L
Application
significantly
better than
required
by Norm
ST Efficiency
Margin
Norm 0.68%
16
08/11/07 – REV. 2
AN2950 VIPer28: 5 V - 2 A/3.3A, 60 kHz isolated flyback with
extra power management
08/11/07 – REV. 2 17
AN2950 VIPer28: 5 V - 2 A/3.3A, 60 kHz isolated flyback with
extra power management
08/11/07 – REV. 2 18
Evaluation Boards and ANs
VIPer 17 Order code Topology Input VAC Output Output Relevant AN Reference
Isolated
VIPER17LN STEVAL-ISA058V1 85-265 5W 5V / 1A AN2864 Stand-by PSU
Fly-back
Isolated
VIPER17HN STEVAL-ISA060V1 85-265 6W 12V / 0.5A AN2753 Stand-by PSU
Fly-back
Isolated Cell Phone

VIPER17HN EVLVIP17-5WCHG 90-265 5W 5V / 1A AN2840
Fly-back Battery Charger
Isolated
VIPER17HN STEVAL-ILL017V1 220 ±20% 3.5W 7V / 500mA AN2811 Led Driver
Fly-back
Isolated 5V / 500mA
VIPER17HN STEVAL-ISA062V1 85-265 5.5W AN2934 General Purpose
Fly-back 12V / 250mA
Isolated High Power

VIPER17HN EVLVIP27-7WLED 100-264 3.5W 10V / 350mA AN3212
Fly-back Factor Led Driver
Isolated
VIPER27LN EVLVIP27L-12WS 85-265 12W 5V / 2.4A AN2929 Auxiliary PSU
Fly-back
Isolated
VIPER27HN EVLVIP27H-12SB 85-265 11W 5V / 2.2A AN3011 Auxiliary PSU
Fly-back
Isolated High Power

VIPER27HN EVLVIP27-7WLED 100-264 7W 10V / 750mA AN3212
Fly-back Factor Led Driver
08/11/07 – REV. 2 19
12V / 300mA
VIPER06LS Non isolated
Under development 85-265 option TBD Home appliance
VIPER06HS Fly-back
( 5V /800mA)
Isolated
Under development 85-265 TBD TBD Home Appliance
Fly-back
Non isolated 12V / 5V (post

VIPER16LN STEVAL-ISA010V1 85-500 1.8W AN2872 Power Meter
buck converter reg.) / 150mA
Non Isolated AN3028

VIPER16LN EVLVIP16L-4WFN 85-265 4.5W 16V / 280mA Home appliance
Fly-back draft
Non Isolated - 5V / 400mA,
VIPER16LN STEVAL-ISA071V1 85-265 4W UM0920 Home appliance
Fly-back +7V / 160mA
Isolated Home appliance

VIPER16LN EVLVIP16L-5WFL 85-265 5W 12 / 350mA databrief
Fly-back Auxilairy PSU
Non Isolated 12V / 5V (post Small Home

VIPER16LD EVLVIP16LD-1W5 85-265 1.8W databrief
buck converter reg.) / 150mA Appliance
Non Isolated
VIPER16HN EVLVIP16H-4WFN 85-265 4.5W 16V / 280mA databrief Home appliance
Fly-back
Primary
VIPER26LD STEVAL-ISA081V1 Regulation 85-265 12.5W 12V, 3.3V / 1A UM0984 Home appliance
Fly-back
08/11/07 – REV. 2 20
Quasi-
Resonant AN3160
VIPER15LN STEVALVIP15L-6W 90-265 VAC 6W 12V, 500mA Auxiliary PSU
Isolated draft
Fly-back
Quasi-
Resonant
VIPER15LN EVLVIP15L-5WSB 90-265 VAC 5W 5V, 1A TBD Auxiliary PSU
Isolated
Fly-back
Quasi-
Auxiliary PSU
Resonant AN3286
VIPER25LN EVLVIP25L-10WSB 85-265 VAC 10W 5V, 2A STB
Isolated draft
Power Meter
Fly-back
Isolated Auxiliary PSU

VIPER28LN EVLVIPER28L-10W 85-265 VAC 12W 5V, 2.4A AN2950
Fly-back Printer
08/11/07 – REV. 2 21
Application: home appliances / automation
NEEDS
 Low standby consumption required by new norms for Energy savings (EU community)
 To provide 2 or 3 output voltages to supply:
 microcontroller (3.3V / 5V) like STM32 / STM8 +VDD
 HV drivers e.g. L638x/L639x family (15V)

Va
c
 Relays (12-15V) IG CONTROL
CIRCUIT
 Topologies LOAD
 Not isolated (common neutral to the output for triac/ACST driving) VSS
Negative supply
(NPN buffer)
P Load +15V
( motors, resistive heaters,
light bulbs/ballasts,...)
N Vip16 +12V
Relay,
Half-bridge driver,
Display,
Vip26
MCU etc.
-5V (-3.3V)
SELLING POINTS: STANDBY LOWER THAN 100mW, LOWER BOM TANKS TO THE INTEGRATED OP-
AMP, 800V MOSFET (=RELIABILITY)
08/11/07 – REV. 2 22
STEVAL-ISA071V1 - description
-5 / +7 V non-isolated flyback
■ Non isolated flyback topology
■ Common Neutral (output GND)
■ Input voltage range 85 – 265VAC
■ Output voltages -5V and 7V (12V refer to -5V)
■ Output power – 4W (for full range) 6W for EU range
■ Conductive EMI EN55022 Class B
■ Stand by below 50mW at 230VAC
Documentation:
UM0920 – “4W non-isolated, wide input-voltage range
SMPS demonstration board based on the VIPer16”
Key Product: Typical Applications: Board Purpose:

 VIPer16L Home Appliances It addresses customers working on
applications using direct triac control
 STTH1L06 Home/building automation
and relays. This method required an
STPS1H100 Lighting negative supply of MCU. This SMPS
provides also additional auxiliary
STPS1L60 supply (12V refer to -5V) for
additional parts in application.
08/11/07 – REV. 2
STEVAL-ISA081V1 - description
12V Isolated Flyback – Primary Regulation
• Isolated Flyback Converter
• Input: 85 ~ 305 Vrms
• Output Nominal:
• 12 VDC ± 10%, 1A
• 3.3 VDC ± 4% , 100mA
• Output voltage settable
in the range 10V – 18V/12W
• Maximum output power 12W
• Standby power (no load) <150mW
• Primary regulation
• EMI: according to EN55022 Class B
Documentation:
UM0984 – “STEVAL-ISA081V1 demonstration board based on a 12 V / 1 A
isolated flyback
Key Product: Typical Applications: Board Purpose:

 VIPer26L Home Appliances General auxiliary power supply. Low
cost solution (thanks primary
 STTH1L06 Home/building automation
regulation) allows to set output
STPS2H100 Lighting voltage in range 10 – 18V at output
STPS5L60 Consumer power 12W.
L78L33 Metering
08/11/07 – REV. 2
VIPer17 / 27 / 37
Main Features Pin description
 800V, avalanche rugged power MOSFET *

 PWM controller with drain current limit, IDlim.
 Adjustable current limit, IDlim
 Fixed Frequency with Jittering
 High performance for stand-by & efficiency
 Integrated protections: OVP, OLP, high OCP
 Automatic auto restart after fault
 Hysteretic thermal shutdown  GND
 Brown-out: minimum input voltage is settable controller ground / power MOSFET Source
 VDD
Power MOSFET CONTROLLER controller supply voltage / ICHARGE output current
MAIN PARAMETERS
Main parameters
(SuperMESH) (BCD6S)  CONT
Break down voltage [V] 800 OVP set-up, IDLIM set-up.
 FB
RDSon [Ohm] 24 / 7 / 4.5 current loop feedback
 BR
VDD [V] 9 ÷ 23 *
brown out set-up
FOSC [KHz] 60 or 115  N.A.
Max IDlim [mA] 420 / 740 / 1050 Not Available for user. (It can be connected to GND)
 N.C.
RTHJ-A [°C/W] (1) 50
Not Connected
POUT [W] @ 85-265VAC 6 / 12 / 15
(1) Package SO16N and 100mm2 of Cu
* BR pin has the position 10 for VIPER17LD/HD (SO16N package)
(2) Open Frame
08/11/07 – REV. 2 25
VIPer28
 800V, avalanche rugged power MOSFET

 PWM controller with drain current limit, IDlim.
 Fixed Frequency with Jittering
 Hysteretic thermal shutdown
 Extra Power Management
 GND
Power MOSFET CONTROLLER controller ground / power MOSFET Source
MAIN PARAMETERS
Main parameters
(SuperMESH) (BCD6S)  VDD
Break down voltage [V] 800 controller supply voltage / ICHARGE output current
 COMP
RDSon [Ohm] 7
OVP set-up, IDLIM set-up.
VDD [V] 9 ÷ 23  FB
current loop feedback
FOSC [KHz] 60 or 115
 EPT
Max IDlim [mA] 850 Extra Power Time set-up
RTHJ-A [°C/W] (1) 50  N.A.
Not Available for user. (It can be connected to GND)
POUT [W] @ 85-265VAC 12
 N.C.
(1) Package SO16N and 100mm2 of Cu
Not Connected
(2) Open Frame
08/11/07 – REV. 2 26
VIPer06 / 16 /26

 PWM controller with drain current limit IDlim
 Adjustable current limit,IDlim
 Fixed frequency with Jittering
 high performance for stand-by & efficiency
 No need of auxiliary winding
 Automatic auto restart after faults
 Direct feedback for non isolated SMPS
 Replacement of capacitive power supply
 GND
 Open loop protection
controller ground / power MOSFET Source
MAIN PARAMETERS
Power MOSFET CONTROLLER  VDD
(SuperMESH)
Main parameters (BCD6S)
controller supply voltage / ICHARGE output current
Break down voltage [V] 800  LIM
Current limit set-up, IDlim .
RDSon [Ohm] 30 /24 / 7
 FB
VDD [V] 9 ÷ 23 direct voltage feedback (in case of non isolated
SMPS)
FOSC [KHz] 30 or 60 or 115
 COMP
Max IDlim [mA] 420 / 740 Compensation network.
RTHJ-A [°C/W] (1) 80 Current loop feedback in case of isolated SMPS
 N.A.
POUT [W] @ 85-265 VAC 4 / 6 / 12
(1) Package SO16N, 100mm2 of Cu
 N.C.
(2) Open Frame
Not Connected
08/11/07 – REV. 2 27
VIPer15 / 25

 Quasi-Resonant PWM controller with drain current
limit, IDlim.
 Feed-Forward compensation
 Brown-out: minimum input voltage is settable
 GND
MAIN PARAMETERS
Power MOSFET CONTROLLER controller ground / power MOSFET Source
(SuperMESH) (BCD6S)
Main parameters  VDD
Break down voltage [V] 800 controller supply voltage / ICHARGE output current
 ZCD
RDSon [Ohm] 24 / 7
Zero Current Detection, Feed-Forward set-up, OVP
VDD [V] 9 ÷ 23 set-up, IDlim set point.
up to 150 (L type)  FB
FOSClim [KHz]
up to 225 (H type) Current loop feedback
Max IDlim [mA] 420 / 740  BR
RTHJ-A [°C/W] (1) 80
Brown out set-up
 N.A.
POUT [W] @ 85-26 VAC 6 / 12
(1) Package SO16N, 100mm2 of Cu
 N.C.
(2) Open Frame Not Connected
08/11/07 – REV. 2 28
Schematics with VIPerx6
FLY-BACK / Fixed Freq.
VIPer06 / 16 / 26
NON ISOLATED
Simplified feedback loop
R3, R4
R1 D1 L1 T1 D3 VOUT
+ No Need auxiliary winding

R2 C6 + C4
C5
C1 + C2 + D2
GND
Low cost EMI filter
C1, C2, L1
- VIPER x6
DRAIN R3
Low cost clamp components
Controller
FB R2,D2,C6
GND COMP LIM VDD

R4 Short circuit protection
C3 C4 (automatic restart)
Default current limit

400mA / 700mA
08/11/07 – REV. 2 29
FLY-BACK / FF
VIPer06 / 16 / 26
NON ISOLATED
R3, R4
R1 D1 L1 T1 D3 VOUT

R2 C6 + C4
C5
C1 + C2 + D2
GND
Low cost EMI filter
C1, C2, L1
- VIPER x6
DRAIN R3
Controller
FB R2,D2,C6
GND COMP LIM VDD

RLIM
Current limit set-up - RLIM

<400mA or <700mA
08/11/07 – REV. 2 30
FLY-BACK / FF
VIPer06 / 16 / 26
NON ISOLATED
R3, R4
R1 D1 L1 T1 D3 VOUT

R2 C6 + C4
C5
C1 + C2 + D2
GND
Low cost EMI filter
C1, C2, L1
- VIPER x6
R5
DRAIN R3
D4
Controller
FB R2,D2,C6
GND COMP LIM VDD

Feedback disconnection
(automatic restart)

400mA / 700mA
VOUT ≥ 12 V
Stand-by optimization , 30 mW
D4, R5
08/11/07 – REV. 2 31
FLY-BACK / FF
VIPer06 / 16 / 26
NON ISOLATED
R3, R4
R1 D1 L1
+ Need auxiliary winding

R2 C6 C4 + AUX
AC IN C1 + C2 + D2 T1 D3 VOUT
Low cost EMI filter
+ C1, C2, L1
- C5
GND Low cost clamp components

VIPER x6
R2,D2,C6
R5 R3
DRAIN
D4
Controller
FB Short circuit protection
(automatic restart)
GND COMP LIM VDD
R4
C3 C4 Feedback disconnection
(automatic restart)

400mA / 700mA
VOUT < 12 V
D4, R5
08/11/07 – REV. 2
FLY-BACK / FF
VIPer06 / 16 / 26
PRIMARY REGULATION

R3, R4
R1 D1 L1
+ Need auxiliary winding

R2 C6 C4 + AUX
AC IN C1 + C2 + D2 T1 D3 VOUT
Low cost EMI filter
+ C1, C2, L1
- C5
GND
R5 D4 Low cost clamp components
VIPER x6
R2,D2,C6
DRAIN
R3
Controller
FB Short circuit protection
(automatic restart)
GND COMP LIM VDD
R4
C3 C4 Feedback disconnection
(automatic restart)

400mA / 700mA
No need the optocoupler
D4, R5
08/11/07 – REV. 2
FLY-BACK / FF
VIPer06 / 16 / 26
ISOLATED
R1 D1 L1 Minimum components count
+
R2 C6
C1 C2
No Need auxiliary winding
AC IN + + D2 T1 D3 VOUT C4
+
- C5
Low cost EMI filter
GND
C1, C2, L1
R6 D4 C6
VIPER x6
DRAIN
FB
R2,D2,C6
Controller
GND COMP LIM VDD Short circuit protection

C4
(automatic restart)
R5
R3
IC3 Default current limit

R4 C7 400mA / 700mA
IC2
C3 R4
08/11/07 – REV. 2 34
FLY-BACK / FF
VIPer06 / 16 / 26
ISOLATED
R1 D1 L1 Minimum components count
+
R2 C6
C2
Auxiliary winding
AC IN C1 + + D2 T1 D3 C4 + AUX
VOUT
+
- C5
Low cost EMI filter
GND
C1, C2, L1
R6 D4 C6
VIPER x6
DRAIN
FB
R2,D2,C6
Controller
GND COMP LIM VDD Short circuit protection

C4
(automatic restart)
R5
R3
IC3
Feedback disconnection
R4 C7
(automatic restart)
IC2
C3 R4 400mA / 700mA
AUX + D4, R5
08/11/07 – REV. 2 35
FLY-BACK / FF
VIPer17 / 27 / 37
ISOLATED
L1 30mW Stand-by
F
R2 C6
Minimum components count
AC IN C1 + C2 + D2 T1 D3
NTC VOUT
+
C5 Low cost EMI filter
GND C1,C2, L1
R6 D4 C6
VIPER x7
DRAIN
R2,C6,D2
VDD
Controller

GND BR CONT FB
C4 400mA / 700mA / 1000mA
R5
R3
Short circuit protection
IC3
No need ext components
R4 C7
IC2 2nd Over Current protection

C3 R4 No need ext components
08/11/07 – REV. 2 36
FLY-BACK / FF
VIPer17 / 27 / 37
ISOLATED
L1 30mW Stand-by
F
R2 C6
AC IN C1 + C2 + D2 T1 D3
NTC VOUT
+
GND C1,C2, L1
R6 D4 C6
VIPER x7
DRAIN
R2,C6,D2
VDD
Controller

GND BR CONT FB
C4 <400mA or <700mA or <1000mA
R5
R3
IC3
R4 C7
RLIM IC2 2nd Over Current protection

08/11/07 – REV. 2 37
FLY-BACK / FF
VIPer17 / 27 / 37
ISOLATED
L1 30mW Stand-by
F
R2 C6
AC IN C1 + C2 + D2 T1 D3
NTC VOUT
DOVP +
GND C1,C2, L1
R6 D4 C6
VIPER x7
DRAIN
ROVP
R2,C6,D2
VDD
Controller

GND BR CONT FB
C4 <400mA or <700mA or <1000mA
R5
R3
IC3
R4 C7
RLIM IC2 2nd Over Current protection

Over Voltage Protection (VOUT)

RLIM , ROVP , DOVP
08/11/07 – REV. 2 38
FLY-BACK / FF
VIPer17 / 27 / 37
ISOLATED
L1 30mW Stand-by
F
R2 C6
AC IN C1 + C2 + D2 T1 D3
NTC VOUT
+
GND C1,C2, L1
R6 D4 C6
VIPER x7
DRAIN
R2,C6,D2
R7 VDD
Controller

GND BR CONT FB
C4 400mA / 700mA / 1000mA
R5
R3
IC3
R4 C7
R8

C6 C3 R4 No need ext components
Brown out set-up (VINDC)

R7,R8, C6
08/11/07 – REV. 2 39
FLY-BACK / FF
VIPer17 / 27 / 37
ISOLATED
L1 30mW Stand-by
F
R2 C6
AC IN C1 + C2 + D2 T1 D3
NTC VOUT
DOVP +
GND C1,C2, L1
R6 D4 C6
VIPER x7
DRAIN
ROVP
R2,C6,D2
R7 VDD
Controller

GND BR CONT FB
C4 <400mA or <700mA or <1000mA
R5
R3
IC3
R4 C7
R8
RLIM
C6 C3 R4 No need ext components

RLIM , ROVP , DOVP
Brown out set-up (VINDC)

R7,R8, C6
08/11/07 – REV. 2 40
FLY-BACK / FF
VIPer28
ISOLATED
L1 30mW Stand-by
F
R2 C6
AC IN C1 + C2 + D2 T1 D3
NTC VOUT
+
GND C1,C2, L1
R6 D4 C6
VIPER x8
DRAIN
R2,C6,D2
VDD
Controller

GND EPT CONT FB
C4 400mA / 700mA / 1000mA
R5
R3
IC3
R4 C7
CEPT

Extra Power Timer

CEPT
08/11/07 – REV. 2 41
Schematics with VIPer x5
FLY-BACK / Quasi Res.
VIPer15 / 25
ISOLATED
L1 30mW Stand-by
F
R2 C6
AC IN C1 + C2 +
D2 T1 D3
NTC VOUT
DOVP + Low cost EMI filter

C5
C1,C2, L1
GND
ROVP RFF
R6 D4 C6
VIPER x5
R2,C6,D2
DRAIN
Controller
VDD Short circuit protection
GND BR ZCD FB
C4
2nd Over Current protection
R5
R3 No need ext components
IC3
C7
Zero current Detection (QR)
R4
RLIM , ROVP , DOVP, RFF
IC2
RLIM
C3 R4
≤400mA or ≤700mA or ≤1000mA

RLIM , ROVP , DOVP
Feed-Forward
R
08/11/07 – REV. FF
2 42
Let’s make it simple: All Control from Primary Side
STANDARD : VIPer OPTO-LESS : ALTAIR

Vin Optocoupler
Vout
Vin Vout
CC-CV
REGULATOR
ALTAIR
GND
PWM
CONTROLLER
GND PWM
CONTROLLER
Sense
resistor
No opto because control is all
Battery charge or LED drive requires Control of done from primary side !
CC (constant current) and CV (constant voltage)
• Need dedicated CV-CC controller • No CC-CV controller
• Need optocoupler • No optocoupler
• Need sense resistor • No sense resistor
 Power dissipation on sense resistor  No dissipation on sense resistor
08/11/07 – REV. 2 43
Product description – Altair family
Altair04-900 and Altair05T-800 are suitable for
 SMPS for energy metering / energy monitoring (HBA)
 Auxiliary power supplies for 3-phases input industrial systems
 AC-DC adapters requiring a precise current and/or voltage
regulation (including home appliances)
 AC-DC chargers for mobile phones and other hand-held
equipments
PERFORMING PRIMARY CONTROL WITHOUT NEED OF

OPTOCOUPLER IN STANDARD ISOLATED QR FLYBACK
CONFIGURATION
ALTAIR
FOR OUTPUT POWER BELOW 10W
08/11/07 – REV. 2 44
When to use ALTAIR vs VIPer?
Switching AC-DC up to 5W *
( * in Wide Range AC input)
Not isolated flyback / buck Isolated

VIPer16
Better Efficiency
Quasi-Resonant
Fixed Frequency
VIPer17
Embedded Constant No Optocoupler Otherwise

Current control (Cost, Reliability) 4W max & Need
for 900V MOS VIPER15
(Charger, LED driver*)
(Metering, 3ph
ALTAIR05-800 Auxiliary SMPS)
*HVLED805
* LED Retrofit version ALTAIR04-900
45
A small change for a big advantage
Reduced BOM
& No Optocoupler !
Optocoupler replaced
by auxiliary winding for
• Current Sensing
• Voltage Sensing
• IC Supply
Typical Application Schematic
08/11/07 – REV. 2 46
More explanations
Constant Current / Constant Voltage
 5%
6
5  5%
4
The number of
LEDs and their
VOUT
3
current determine
the transformers’
2
calculation.
140Vdc
90 Vac
1 374Vdc
265 Vac
0
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
Vout is set by IOUT
number of turns on
secondary and
auxiliary windings, Iout is set by
and Rfb transformer’s ratio
and Rsense
08/11/07 – REV. 2 47
Metering / energy monitoring:
market needs
 Compatibility with 3-ph mains voltage, either functional (the SMPS has to work connected to a 3ph line)
or surviving (wrong connection, P to P instead of P to N)
 To provide output voltages to supply:

 microcontroller (3.3V) like STM32
 PLM like ST75xx family (up to e.g. 13V / 0.7Arms) or GPRS/ GSM modem (e.g. 13V / 300mA)
 Metrology AFE, like STPMxx family (5mA at 3.5V / phase)
 High efficiency at low load (between 10 and 20% of nom.) as the AMR lays in this condition for the
majority of the time. More than 95% of the time the communication is in Receiving mode where the
consumption is low. E. g. PLC is 150mW in receiving mode and > 7W in Tx mode.
SELLING POINTS:
• (800/) 900V MOSFET  RELIABILITY + BOM REDUCTION + COMPLIANCY WITH
SYSTEM SPECS
• COMPACTNESS
• EXTREMELY LOW COST (NO NEED OF OPTO)
• Altair04 more suitable
08/11/07 – REV. 2 48
EVLALTAIR05T-5W and EVLALTAIR900-M1
EVLALTAIR900-M1
EVLALTAIR05T-5W
 Input voltage range (VIN) 90 - 265 VAC / 50-60Hz
 Maximum (rated) output power 5W (5 V ± 5% / 1 A)
 Minimum switching frequency in normal mode 70 kHz
 Target average efficiency (at POUT = 5 W, VIN = 90 - 264 VAC) > 70%
 Maximum input power in standby < 100 mW
Documentation:
AN3093 - ALTAIR05T-800 5 W wide range CV-CC optoless adapter demonstration board (soon to be published)
AN3290 - Double Output SMPS for Power Line Modem Applications using ALTAIR04-900 Primary Controller (soon to be published)
Key Products: Typical Applications:

 Altair04-900
Electricity meter
Board Purpose:
 Altair05T-800 Product evaluation
Industrial control
 STTH108, STPS1L60A, STPS1150,
STTH1L06, STPS3L400F
08/11/07 – REV. 2
Adaptation to ultra-wide range operation
The EVLALTAIR900-M1 was designed to work with input voltage up 265VAC.
It is possible to modify it according to below indications to extend the input working operating range
up to 440VAC
Std 265VAC input
Extended 440VAC input
08/11/07 – REV. 2
VIPerPlus in “eDesign Studio”
 “eDesign studio” (www.st.com/edesignstudio) supports the design of Viper*6,
Viper*7 and Viper28 providing:
 BOM
 Stability diagram
 Efficiency and standby
 Waveform and thermal simulator
 in flyback and buck topologies
 for SMPS and LED drivers
A project created can be exported and

worked by another PC
(ST to customer as proposal,
customer to ST for checking)
Viper*5 family will be added to the eDesign studio by the end of 2011
08/11/07 – REV. 2 51
Part 2
power factor correction (PFC) stages
Energy efficiency and efficient energy utilization
Power factor correction – why and when
 A high Power Factor (~1) leads to an energy saving and more efficient power
utilization.
 Reduce the copper area of distribution power wires.
 Cost reduction in downstream converter and removal of HV input ELCAP.
 EC61000-3-2 compliant
Equipments are divided up in 4 classes:

A: Balanced three-phase equipment and that not included in the other classes
B: Portable equipment
C: Lighting equipment with input active power >25W
D: Consumer equipment with input active power
>75W and ≤600W.
08/11/07 – REV. 2
Power factor correction standard methods
"CCM" type IL "TM" type IL

IAC
IAC
ON ON
MOSFET MOSFET
OFF OFF
 Continuous conduction mode = IL  Operation on the boundary between

never falls to zero continuous and discontinuous
 Fixed frequency, duty cycle conduction mode, @ZVS
modulation  Variable switching frequency,
 Average current mode control, constant TON
complexity, high performance,  Peak current mode control, simple,
higher cost. low-cost.
 Suitable for higher power levels  Suitable for lower power levels
08/11/07 – REV. 2 54
PFC control method: fixed-off-time (FOT)
CONSTANT TOFF
TURN-OFF PWM COMPARATOR (current peak)
TYPICAL QR CONTROL
TURN-ON R-C NETWORK DISCHARGING
TURN-OFF PWM COMPARATOR (current peak)
INDUCTOR DEMAGNETIZATION
TURN-ON DCM DCM
(Aux. winding or RC on the drain)
TRANSITION MODE CCM

(boundary between DCM and CCM)
ON
Switch
OFF
 Benefits:
 High efficiency (>92%)
 Simple and cheap control (using L656* family)
 Reduced part count compared to CCM fixed frequency
08/11/07 – REV. 2 55
STM PFC portfolio
C
L4981A/B L6562A enhanced
C AVG CURRENT Input volt. Feedforward
PWM interface
M MODE PFC
Input voltage Feed-forward
Load Feed-forward L6564
Progr. Turn-On Threshold TM PFC
OVP & Over-current Protection
T L6562A L6563/S L6563/H

M ADVANCED High voltage
L6562 TM PFC
TM PFC start-up
IMPROVED
L6562 enhanced TBO
TM PFC Lower CS threshold
L6561 New gate driver
FDBK disconnection
Brownout
L6561 pin-to-pin
TM PFC Improved THD Higher efficiency at Reduced consumption
8pin Extended supply range light load PWM interface
OVP stat./dyn. Powerful gate driver Input volt. Feedforward
08/11/07 – REV. 2 56
L6562A – features and block diagram
INV COMP MULT CS
TRANSITION MODE PFC 1 ERROR

2 3 4
AMPLIFIER
CONTROLLER DIS -
0.45 V
-
MULTIPLIER AND
THD OPTIMIZER
+ +
0.2 V VREF = 2.5V LEADING-EDGE
BLANKING
1V VCC
VOLTAGE OVERVOLTAGE - +
REGULATOR DETECTION PWM
• Precise Internal Reference DYN

OVP
STAT
OVP
COMPARATOR
8
(1% @25°C) VCC INTERNAL
SUPPLY BUS R
• 1.1V Current Sense threshold Q DRIVER

7
25 V S
GD
& CLAMP
UVLO
• DIGITAL Leading-edge blanking on -
+
Current Sense VREF2
DIS
Starter
stop
6
• Disable function on FB input ZERO CURRENT GND
1.4 V
+ DETECTOR
0.7 V
STARTER
• Ultra Low Start-up Current (<60µA) LOWER & UPPER
CLAMPS
-
• Low Quiescent Current (2.5mA typ.) 5
• ZCD input for TM ZCD
• Two-level OVP Protection

• THD optimizer circuit APPLICATIONS:
• Extended supply voltage range PFC PRE-REGULATORS FOR:
• -600 / +800mA totem pole gate driver • ELECTRONIC BALLAST
with pull-down and voltage clamp • EC61000-3-2 COMPLIANT SMPS (FLAT-TV, DESKTOP PC,
• Package: DIP-8/SO-8 MONITOR, GAMES)
• HI-END AC-DC ADAPTER/CHARGER
• LED POWER SUPPLIES
08/11/07 – REV. 2 57
L656x family development
L6562A
INV Vcc
COMP GD
MULT GND
CS ZCD
L6564
10 pin TM PFC
L6563
INV Vcc
COMP GD
L6563S
MULT GND
14 pin TM PFC
CS ZCD
VFF RUN
( L6563 enhancement)
TBO PWM_STOP
PFC_OK PWM_LATCH
L6563H
16 pin TM PFC
With H.V. Start-up
08/11/07 – REV. 2 58
Power factor correction - controller
400VDC SPEADSHEETS AVAILABLE
Power factor
controller
 Output power >200W 400W 3KW
 L4981 in CCM
 L6562A / 3S / 3H / 4 in fixed-off-time
 L6562A / 3S / 3H / 4 in ripple-steering
 Output power <150W – 200W 80W 100W
 L6562A / 3S / 3H / 4 in transition mode

Power factor correction – mosfet and diode
400VDC
RECTIFIER (600V reverse voltage)
 SiC (Silicon Carbide)  STPSCxx06

Power factor
controller
 Turbo 2  STTHxxR06
 Tandem diode  STTH806DTI
The reverse recovery charge
MOSFET (>500V breakdown)
 High power (>1kW)  MDMesh5

e.g. STP42N65M5 for ~2KW
 Medium power (100W to 1KW)  MDMesh2

e.g. STx25NM50M for ~400W
SiC = $$, high efficiency
 Lower power (<100W)  SuperMesh3 STD = $, lower efficiency
e.g. STx10N62K3 for ~60-70W
Available Tools – L6562A
 DATASHEETs: AVAILABLE ON THE WEB
http://www.st.com/stonline/products/literature/ds/13198/l6562a.pdf
http://www.st.com/stonline/products/literature/ds/15310/l6562at.pdf
 APPLICATION NOTES:
 AN2761 : Solution for designing a 80W TM PFC using the L6562A
http://www.st.com/stonline/products/literature/anp/14690.pdf
 AN2782 :Solution for designing a 400W FOT PFC using the L6562A
 AN2755 : 400W FOT-controlled PFC pre-regulator with the L6562A
 AN2711 : 15W Off Line TRIAC Dimmable LED Driver
 AN2838 : 35W Wide range high PF Fly-back converter using the L6562A
 DEMO BOARDS:
 EVL6562A-TM-80W
http://www.st.com/stonline/products/literature/bd/13799/evl6562a-tm-80w.pdf
 EVL6562A-400W
http://www.st.com/stonline/products/literature/bd/14416.pdf
 EVL6562A-35WFLB
 SOFTWARE TOOLS:
 DESIGNING A TM PFC USING THE L6562A (AVAILABLE UPON REQUEST)
http://ims.st.com/pub/documents/ipc/off-line_power_supply/software/L6562A%20PFC_TM_release%201.3.xls
 DESIGNING A FOT PFC USING THE L6562A (AVAILABLE UPON REQUEST)
http://ims.st.com/pub/documents/ipc/off-line_power_supply/software/L6562A%20FOT%20release%201.4.xls
DESIGNING A FLY BACK PFC USING THE L6562A ( AVAILABLE UPON REQUEST)
http://ims.st.com/pub/documents/ipc/off-line_power_supply/software/L6562ATL431Flyrelease20.xls
08/11/07 – REV. 2 61
Available Tools
L6564 L6563S L6563H
DEMO BOARDS: DEMO BOARDS: DEMO BOARDS:
 EVL6564-100W ( AN3022 )  EVL6563S-100W ( AN3065)  EVL6563H-100W ( AN3063 )
 EVL6563S-200ZRC (AN3180)  EVL6563H-250W ( AN3118 )
http://www.st.com/stonline/products/ Zero Ripple Input Current  EVL90WADP-LLCSR ( AN3014 )
literature/an/16106.pdf  EVL6563S-250W ( AN3119) http://www.st.com/stonline/products
 EVL6563S-400W ( AN2994 ) /literature/an/16064.pdf
APPLICATION NOTES: http://www.st.com/stonline/produc  EVL6599A-90WADP ( AN3172 )
ts/literature/an/15796.pdf  EVL6563H-FOT-650W ( coming
 AN3009 : HOW TO DESIGN A  EVL6563S-FOT-650W soon – week 40 – Schematic
TRANSITION MODE PFC (COMING SOON – WEEK 40 – available )
REGULATOR USING THE L6564 Schematic available)
http://www.st.com/stonline/products/lit
erature/an/16032.pdf
 AN3112: SOLUTION FOR
DESIGNING A FIXED OFF TIME
CONTROLLED PFC
PREREGULATOR WITH THE L6564
http://www.st.com/stonline/products/lit
erature/an/16820.pdf APPLICATION NOTES:
 AN3027 : HOW TO DESIGN A TRANSITION MODE PFC REGULATOR WITH THE
SOFTWARE TOOLS: L6563S AND L6563H
 DESIGNING A TM PFC USING THE http://www.st.com/stonline/products/literature/an/16134.pdf
L6564 (AVAILABLE UPON  AN3142: SOLUTION FOR DESIGNING A FIXED OFF TIME CONTROLLED PFC
REQUEST) PREREGULATOR WITH THE L6563S AND L6563H
http://ims.st.com/pub/documents/ipc/off- SOFTWARE TOOLS:
line_power_supply/software/L6564TMPF
C_release20.xls  DESIGNING A TM PFC USING THE L6563S (AVAILABLE UPON REQUEST)
 DESIGNING A FOT PFC USING http://ims.st.com/pub/documents/ipc/off-
THE L6564 (AVAILABLE UPON line_power_supply/software/L6563S_H_TMPFC_release30.xls
REQUEST)  DESIGNING A FOT PFC USING THE L6563S (AVAILABLE UPON REQUEST)
http://ims.st.com/pub/documents/ipc/off- http://ims.st.com/pub/documents/ipc/offline_power_supply/software/L6563S_H_FOTrelease
line_power_supply/software/L6564FOTre 30.xls
lease20.xls
08/11/07 – REV. 2 62
PFC control method: ripple-steering NEW
ZERO RIPPLE CURRENT

To reduce the high input ripple current (typ. of transition-mode-operated PFC) requiring a large differential mode (DM) line
filter to meet EMI requirements..
Ripple-steering
I ac(t)
I in(t) D
Vout
GD
Vin Cs M
Vin
GD
 30 dB differential-mode attenuation achievable (150 kHz ÷ 2-3 MHz)

 Differential-mode chokes & Cx caps minimized or even removed (so are related losses)
 Allows usage of TM operation at higher power levels
 No change as far as control is concerned
08/11/07 – REV. 2
ZRC TM boost PFC pre-regulator NEW
200W ZRC Boost PFC Pre-reg

• 88 to 264 Vac input, 400 V / 0.5 A output
• TM-operated boost converter (L6563S)
• EN61000-3-2 and JEITA-MITI compliant
• EN55022 Class B Conducted EMI compliant
• Total Cx capacitance >3 times smaller
Order code: EVL6563S-200ZRC

Doc: AN3180 A 200W ripple-free input current PFC pre-
regulator with the L6563S
FOT-CCM boost PFC pre-regulator NEW
3 kW CCM PFC Pre-regulator

• 180 to 264 Vac input, 400 V / 7.5 A output
• FOT-operated boost converter (L6563)
• EN61000-3-2 compliant
• EN55022 Class B Conducted EMI compliant
• Fixed-off-time (FOT) control
Order code: STEVAL-ISF001V1

Doc: AN2951 3 kW fixed-off-time (FOT) power factor correction
100
99
100
Pout = 3 kW
98
10 Pout = 1.5 kW
h
Pout = 300 W
1 97
Pout = 150 W
0.1
96
0.01
95
0.001 175 195 215 235 255 275
Vin [Vrms]
High power factor flyback
APPLICATION
 Voltage/current controlled single

stage SMPS with PFC correction
 LED SMPS (single-multi strings)
 up to 60/70W (EU Mains)
…spreadsheet available
L656x
Isolated High PF AC/DC LEDs Driver up to 35W in
input wide range
POSITIONING
700mA LED STRING DRIVER APPLICATIONS THAT REQUIRE
 ISOLATION
 HIGH POWER FACTOR
 COST EFFECTIVE SOLUTION
Insulated Single Stage conversion

PF greater than 0.9
NO electrolytic input capacitor
NO electrolytic output capacitor if its value allows the use of ceramics
It works with a string of LED generating at least 30V drop
67
Part 3
HV PWM conversion stage
Energy efficiency
Summary of topologies
Fixed frequency PWM
FF or Quasi-resonant
(typically not above 100W)
PWM
controller Resonant
PWM
controller
PWM
controller
69
Primary converter portfolio
100W – 700W
100W – 700W 90W – 400W
L6599A L6591
L6598 Advanced HV
HV Resonant Resonant Controller ZVS HB
Controller 600V Level-shifter PWM Controller
600V Level-shifter Bootstrap Diode 600V Level-shifter
Power
Bootstrap Diode PFC interface 700V start-up

Burst-mode PFC interface
Brownout Brownout
Up to 90W Up to 90W
L6668 L6566A/B
Smart Primary PWM & Q-Res
PWM Controller Controller
700V start-up Selectable Q-Res or PWM
L6565 PFC interface 700V Start-up
Q-Resonant Burst-mode PWM with frequency mod.
Improved Stand-by Supporting single stage
Controller PFC
L5991/A
UC384xB Advanced PWM
Standard PWM Controller
70
Quasi-resonant (L6566) Resonant (L6599A)
multimode pwm (L6668) Fixed freq. pwm (L6591)
fsw
0
0 Pin Pinmax
71
Fixed frequency PWM
PWM
controller Resonant
PWM
controller
PWM
controller
72
Standard flyback
Applications:
Power Schottky (STPSx family)
 Auxiliary SMPS for industrial application in PV,
servers, building automation - Rated voltage: according to
input/output voltages ratio, generally
dozens of V
- Current according to the power
- Low recovery / leakage current
- Avalanche capability specification
Power Mosfet
PWM  Breakdown > 800V (for Eu range)
controller
 SuperMesh3 (e.g STx7N95K3)
Multimode controllers (FF or QR).

High efficiency / Low standby (<200mW)
 L6566A  with PFC front-end
 L6566B  std flyback EVAL board from
 L6566BH  On-board 800V high-voltage start-up for 40W to 75W
industrial range
Fixed frequency flyback

 L6668  advanced std flyback controller (UC384x-like)
73
L6668 multi-mode PWM controller
COMP
3.0
V
50
V(SKIPAD mV
J) hyster
.
fsw
fos t
c
0 t
0 Pin Pinmax GD
Burst-Mode @ No-load Fix. Burst Fix. t

 Most of switching cycles are skipped Freq.
Mode
Mode
Frequency Foldback
Freq.
Mode
 Constant switch peak current Mode
 Programmable threshold
Fixed-frequency Mode @ Heavy Load
for noise-free operation
 Identical to UC384x-based operation
 Pin<0.2W@Pout=0 in an
 75% Max. duty cycle
80W-rated system achievable
Frequency foldback Mode @ Light Load SMPS Compliant with Blue

 Frequency is progressively reduced Angel, Energy Star,
with the load
EU Code of Conduct, …..
 Programmable reduction rate for
optimum efficiency vs. input power
74
L6668 multi-mode PWM controller
HV RCT
 ON-BOARD HIGH-VOLTAGE START-UP
HVS S-COMP
 IMPROVED STANDBY FUNCTION GND PFC_STOP
 LOW QUIESCENT CURRENT (< 2 mA) OUT STBY
 SLOPE COMPENSATION PIN Vcc ISEN
 PULSE-BY-PULSE & HICCUP-MODE OCP N.C. SS

DIS COMP
 INTERFACE WITH PFC CONTROLLER
VREF SKIPADJ
 DISABLE FUNCTION (ON/OFF CONTROL)
 LATCHED DISABLE FOR OVP/OTP FUNCTION
 PROGRAMMABLE SOFT-START MAIN APPLICATIONS:
 2% PRECISION REFERENCE VOLTAGE AVAILABLE  HI-END AC-DC ADAPTERS &

 800 mA TOTEM POLE GATE DRIVER WITH CHARGERS
INTERNAL CLAMP AND UVLO PULL-DOWN
 LCD/CRT MONITORS and
 SO16N PACKAGE LCD/CRT TV
 DIGITAL CONSUMER
75
40W/51Wpk HDD SET-TOP BOX SMPS
Measured at maximum load and

230Vac.
Limits according to EN55022 Class-B.
STM KEY COMPONENTS:

 L6668 + STP4NK60ZFP
 TL2431
OUTPUT  SALIENT FEATURES:
 RECT. DIODES VOLTAGES UNIVERSAL INPUT MAINS RANGE (90264Vac)
STPS10L60CT +1.8: @1.7A EFFICIENCY BETTER THAN 78% AT FULL LOAD
STPS8H100FP +3V3: @0.5A ST-BY POWER <0,75W@230Vac & 5V-50mA load
1N5821
+5V: @2.4A MEETS EN55022 CLASS B (EMI)
STTH1L06U
STPS1L60A +12V: @1.9A/2.9Apk MEETS EN60950 (SAFETY)
PCB SINGLE LAYER 75x150 mm
76
L6668 board 40W
AN2242 Reference design: high performance, L6668-based flyback converter for Set-Top boxes
With Vin = 88VAC to 265VAC
77
Fixed frequency PWM
PWM
controller Resonant
PWM
controller
PWM
controller
78
L6566 quasi-resonant control
Typical System Block Schematics
PFC PREREGULATOR
- (BOOST) DCDC
- CONVERTER (FLYBACK)
EMI
Vinac Voutdc
Filter
L6566 is turned off in case of PFC's OptionalOption:

Synchronous
anomalous operation, for safety Rectification
L6562
L6563 L6566
L6564 OPERATION
L6563
L656x can be turned off at light nQR for Pout  60-70W
load to ease compliance with nFF for Pout > 70W
energy saving requirements.
79
L6566 quasi-resonant control
 SELECTABLE QUASI-RESONANT (QR) or FIXED FREQUENCY (FF) OPERATION
 LOAD-DEPENDENT CURRENT-MODE CONTROL: QUASI-RESONANT, VALLEY SKIPPING OR

BURST-MODE
 ON-BOARD HIGH-VOLTAGE START-UP GENERATOR
 LOW QUIESCENT CURRENT (< 3 mA)
 ADAPTIVE UVLO
 LINE FEEDFORWARD FOR CONSTANT POWER CAPABILITY
 PULSE-BY-PULSE OCP WITH DELAYED SHUTDOWN
 TRANSFORMER SATURATION DETECTION Blue Angel, Energy Star, EU

 LATCHED OR AUTORESTART OVP Code of Conduct Compliant
 BROWNOUT PROTECTION WITH HYSTERESIS
 PROGRAMMABLE SOFT-START
 2% PRECISION REFERENCE VOLTAGE EXTERNALLY AVAILABLE
 -600/+800 mA TOTEM POLE GATE DRIVER
 SWITCHED SUPPLY RAIL FOR PFC CONTROLLER (L6566A)
 PROGRAMMABLE FREQUENCY MODULATION FOR EMI REDUCTION (L6566B)
 SO16N PACKAGE
80
L6566B board 40W
AN2749 “40 W wide input range flyback converter demonstration board for digital consumer
equipment using the L6566B”
With Vin = 88VAC to 265VAC
Less than 250mW at no load
Without post-regulation
81
L6566B board 60W
AN3089 – ”19 V - 65W quasi-resonant flyback adapter using L6566B and

STF7NM80
82
Fixed frequency PWM
PWM
controller Resonant
PWM
controller
PWM
controller
83
L6599A: HB ZVS resonant Primary Controller
Applications: ZVS resonant Converter
 Power starting from about 60W up to 500W
 high efficiency SMPS for industrial application soft-switching half-bridge converter.
 LED Streetlight SMPS Zero-voltage switching eliminates turn-
on switching losses (smaller mosfet
 Telecom SMPS
and/or smaller heatsink) and
 Audio application minimizes EMI emissions (and filter
cost)
 LCD and PDP TV PWM control, variable frequency.
 Desktop PC, entry-level server Both switches are driven ON for 50%
duty cycle
SUPPORT TOOLS
Excel spreadsheet
available for the
design Vout
Vin
Ref designs from

90W to 400W
available (with
relevant application Compared to L6591, better for:
notes) - higher output voltage & lower
output current
L6562A - EMI-friendly application
L6563/x L6599A - Where variable freq is not an
issue
84
Resonant SMPS: LLC circuit
 CONTROL:
 Variable frequency control, fixed 50% duty cycle for both MOSFETs
 Dead-time between LG and HG to allow MOSFET‟s ZVS @ turn-on
 HALF BRIDGE:
 ZVS operation: no switching losses @turn-on
 fsw  fr, sinusoidal waveforms: low turn-off losses, low EMI
 SECONDARY SIDE:
 Equal voltage & current stress for both rectifiers
 No output choke required: cost saving
 ZCS: no recovery losses, less EMI
 VRRM = 1.25x2Vout if secondary is CT, then
 TRANSFORMER
 Integrated magnetics: both L‟s can be realized with the transformer
 HIGH EFFICIENCY: >96% achievable
85
130W high efficiency SMPS
 Power factor correction on Wide mains (88Vac to
264Vac)
 Output voltage: 48V @ 2.7 A
 Efficiency: >90% @ 115Vac – Full load
 Long life, high MTBF (No EL-CAPS)
 Mains harmonics: according to EN61000-3-2,

JEITA-MITI
 EMI: meets EN50022 Class B
 NO HEATSINK
 Application note 3105
86
…the power parts for resonant stage
Power Schottky (STPSx family)
- Rated voltage: according to

input/output voltages ratio,
generally dozens of V
- Current according to the power
- Low recovery
- Low leakage current
- Avalanche capability
PWM mosfet specification
- BRVDss > 500V
- MDMesh2 / 5 for high efficiency
(only conduction losses  Rds(ON))
Power QFN package:
more power density
87
MDmeshV – Updated Product Portfolio
VDS RDS(on) (max) P/N Package Status Application
[V] [Ω]
PV-Inverter
0.022 STY112N65M5 MAX247 Production
Server UPS
PV-Inverter Server
0.038 STW77N65M5 TO-247 Production
UPS
PV-Inverter
0.057 STW60N65M5 TO-247 Production Server,
SMPS,Telecom
TO-220/TO-220FP/D2PAK/I2PAK/ PV-Inverter Server
0.079 STx42N65M5 Production
TO-247/PowerFLAT 8x8 HV SMPS, Telecom
TO-220/TO-220FP/TO-247 Server SMPS

0.098 STx35N65M5
D2PAK/I2PAK Production Telecom PS
650 TO-220/TO-220FP/D2PAK/
0.119 STx32N65M5 Production SMPS Server
I2PAK/TO-247
TO-220/TO-220FP/D2PAK/I2PAK/
0.139 STx30N65M5 Production SMPS Server
TO-247
TO-220/TO-220FP/D2PAK/I2PAK/ SMPS
TO-247 HID
TO-220/TO-220FP/I2PAK
HID
SMPS
/DPAK/IPAK
FLBallast
TO-220/TO-220FP/I2PAK
0.430 STx12N65M5 Production HID
DPAK/IPAK
SMPS
TO-220/TO-220FP/I2PAK HID
DPAK/IPAK Adapters, SMPS
PowerFLAT 8x8 HV
This innovative HV, 1 mm high, surface-mount package is now
featured with ST’s 550/650 V MDmesh™ V and the coming 850 V
SuperMESH 5 technologies
Features
 Maximum thickness: 1 mm
 Unequalled low RDS(on) x area
 Creepage distance: 2.7 mm
 Lead finishing: pure tin plating (Sn
100%)
Benefits
 Compactness
 Higher power density
 Reliability at high VDSS rating
 High thermal performance
 Increased efficiency
PowerFLAT 8x8 HV
VDS [V] RDS(on)
P/N Application Status
(max) [Ω]
The same maximum STL32N55M5 550 0.100 SMPS
Samples by Q2 2011
Full Production
silicon die size of TO-220 By Q3 2011
Samples available
within a leadless STL18N55M5 550 0.240 SMPS, Adapters Production
By Q2 2011
8x8 mm outline STL23NM60ND (^^) 600 0.180 SMPS

Samples available
Production
By Q3 2011
Applications STL26NM60N (^^^) 600 0.185 SMPS Full Production
 Laptop power adapters

STL24NM60N (^^^) 600 0.215 SMPS Full Production
Samples available
 LCDs STL18NM60N (^^^) 600 0.309 SMPS Full Production

By Q3 2011
Samples available
 Lighting ballasts STL13NM60N (^^^) 600 0.385 SMPS Full Production
By Q2 2011
 Telecom power equipment

Samples available
STL42N65M5 650 0.079 SMPS Full Production
By Q2 2011
 Solar micro-inverters STL21N65M5 650 0.179 SMPS/ Lighting Full Production
Samples available
STL16N65M5 650 0.279 SMPS/ Lighting Full Production
By Q2 2011
(^^) FDmesh II technology
SSamples available
STL12N65M5 650 0.430 SMPS/ Lighting Full Production
(^^^) MDmesh II technology By Q2 2011
SuperMESH3 - new products status
BVDss [V] RDS(on) (max) [Ω] Sales Type Status
*FAST Diode SuperFREDmesh3

450 3.8 STQ/N/U3N45K3 Prod. TO-92, SOT-223. IPAK
2.6 STx4N52K3 Prod. in TO-220FP., DPAK/IPAK
1.5 STx5N52K3 Samples in PowerFLAT 5x6 ; Prod. in DPAK/IPAK/TO-220/FP, D2PAK
525 1.2 STx6N52K3 Full Prod. in DPAK,D2PAK,TO220-FP
0.51 STx11N52K3 Samples in TO220-FP, D2PAK
0.98 STx7N52K3 Full Prod. DPAK/D2PAK,TO220/TO-220FP
1.15 STx7N52DK3 Samples in DPAK/TO220/TO-220FP
3.5 STx2N62K3 Prod. in DPAK IPAK, TO-220/FP, Samples TO-92
3 STx3LN62K3 Prod. in DPAK IPAK, TO-220/FP
2.5 STx3N62K3 Full Prod. D/ IPAK,TO-92,TO-220/FP,D2/I2PAK
2.0 STx4N62K3 Prod. in DPAK, IPAK,D2PAK, I2PAK,TO-220/FP, Samples in PowerFLAT 5x6

620
1.6 STx5N62DK3 Samples in DPAK/TO220/TO-220FP
1.6 STx5N62K3 Prod. in DPAK/IPAK/TO-220/TO-220FP,D2PAK
1.28 STx6N62K3 Full Prod.
0.75 STx10N62K3 Full Prod.
0.38 STX17N62K3 Samples in TO-220/TO-247
650 1 STx10N65K3 Full Prod.

SuperMESH3 - new products status
VDS RDS(on) (max)

P/N Status Package
[V] [Ω]
0.36 STW25N95K3 Production TO-247
0.85 STX13N95K3 Production TO-220/TO-220FP/TO-247
950 1.35 STx7N95K3 Production TO-220/TO-220FP/TO-247
3.5 STP5N95K3 Production DPAK/IPAK/TO-220/TO-220FP
Samples by
6.3 STS3N95K3 SO-8
Q3 2011
1200V 2.4 STx6N120K3 Samples TO-220/TO-3PF/TO-247
SR: how it is made?
 Where SR is used: rectification stage on the secondary side of SMPS.
 Typically the rectification is done with power Schottkies, which however

have a big limitation: the VF is quite high (0.3V and higher)
 high conduction losses, impact on efficiency!
SR shows the
highest efficiency!
From diode-based to mosfet-based

secondary rectification stage
08/11/07 – REV. 2 93
L6599A + SRK2000 + MOSFET:
increasing the efficiency
2 x Vout breakdown
MOSFET
94
STripFETTM VI DeepGATETM
Updated Product Portfolio (60/75/80V)
Part Number BVDSS RDS(ON) max Package Status Released in

STP260N6F6 60V 3.0m TO-220 MP 1Q11
STH260N6F6-2 60V 2.0m H2PAK (*) MP 1Q11
STP210N75F6 75V 3.7m TO-220 MP 1Q11
STH210N6F6-2 75V 2.8m H2PAK (*) MP 1Q11
STL75N8LF6 80V 7.4m PowerFLAT5x6 MP 2Q11
(*) 2 Source -leads version
H2PAK
2-leads TO-220
PowerFLAT 5x6
PowerFLAT 5x6
Key Features Benefits
 Low thickness/weight  High power capability
 Low Rthj-c thermal resistance  Less parasitic losses
 Thermal performance similar to D2PAK  High switching frequency operation
 Low parassitic inductance  High current handling
 Low parasitic package resistance  Top side heat dissipation
 Multiple sources S
S
 Small form-factor
S
D G
L6591: HB ZVS PWM Primary Controller
Applications: ZVS AHB Converter
 high efficiency SMPS for industrial application
starting from 90W
soft-switching half-bridge converter.
 Telecom SMPS Zero-voltage switching eliminates turn-
on switching losses (smaller mosfet
 High Power AC-DC Adapters/Chargers and/or smaller heatsink) and
 ATX Desktop PCs (80+, 85+ initiative) minimizes EMI emissions (and filter
cost)
 Printers
Asymmetric half-bridge
PWM control, fixed frequency.
The high-side switch is driven ON for a
PFC Pre-regulator– Boost duty cycle D and the low-side switch for
a duty cycle 1-D, with D < 50 %.
Vout
Vin
Compared to L6599, better for:

- Lower output voltage &
higher output current
L6562A - Where variable freq is an
L6563/x L6591 issue
97
Voltage control loop implementation
98
Current control loop implementation
99
CC / CV controllers
 Integrated solution for SMPS application requiring a precise Constant Current
(CC) and Constant Voltage (CV / or voltage control) regulation.
Integrated
precision
voltage reference
Op-Amp for
current control
Op-Amp for
voltage control  Integrated Vcc = 3.5V to 36V

+ SEA05 
Icc=200uA
Vref = 2.5V 0.5% precision including voltage input offset of op-amp
 Vsense=50mV, 2% precision including voltage input offset of op-amp
TSx431  programmable shunt voltage reference (only voltage control), high

precision and low consumption within the industrial temperature range.
100
CC / CV controller
TSM1052 SEA05
Vcc
1.210 V 6
+ + 3 OUT
1 Vctrl
200 mV + SOT23-6L
2 GND
-
4 5
Ictrl Vsense
Vcc = 1.7V to 18V Vcc = 3.5V to 36V

Icc=150uA Icc=200uA
Vref = 1.21V 1% precision including Vref = 2.5V 0.5% precision including voltage
voltage input offset of op-amp input offset of op-amp
Vsense=200mV, 2% precision including Vsense=50mV, 2% precision including voltage
voltage input offset of op-amp input offset of op-amp
08/11/07 – REV. 2 101

Part 4
DC-DC conversion stage
eDesign studio
1. Go to st.com  support  tools & resources (see below arrows)  SW tools  simulators
& CAE resources  simulators
2. Click on SMPS eDesign Studio on the next page
3. Login on my.st.com (register yourself if not yet done)
It is also possible a direct 1

access by typing
www.st.com/edesignstudio
2
The external version works

only on-line.
UPgrades are guaranteed.
08/11/07 – REV. 2
Application specs and start the design
3. Start design
1. Insert application specs
2. Select the
device amongst
the proposed
ones (filtered
according to
input/output
values)
08/11/07 – REV. 2
DC-DC section
Standard functions Components that can be fine-

Defined specs tuned (in blue)
Operating point
(settable)
Waveform efficiency Bode‟s plot Losses split

simulator
08/11/07 – REV. 2
DC-DC overview
STEP-DOWN monolithic (= current limited, small area)
Example: up to 36VDC – L597x family
(suitable also for inverting / positive buck-boost)
Same approach with:
 L497x family: Vin up to 63VDC (example)
 ST1Sxx family: Vin up to 48VDC
 L6902 family: Vin up to 36VDC
 L798x family: Vin up to 28VDC
 L598x family: Vin up to 18VDC
STEP-UP
 ST8R00: Vout till 12VDC
 L6920: Vout up to 5.2VDC
STEP-DOWN controller (=flexible solution for higher current)

 L6727 DC-DC controller
 LL mosfet (upgrade for higher current)
 free-wheeling diode (upgrade for higher current)
08/11/07 – REV. 2
Different families positioning
L497* and L597* families
 Fsw up to 500KHz
 VOUT down to 0.5V
 IOUT up to 2A output
 SO8 / HSO8 / DIP
L598* and L798* families

 Fsw up to 1MHz
 suitable for MLCC
 IOUT up to 3A output (synch mosfet)
 QFN / HSOP8
ST1S* family
 Fsw up to 1.5MHz
 IOUT up to 2A output (synch mosfet)
 Internal compensation network
 DFN / HSOP8
08/11/07 – REV. 2 107

L598* family
 P-channel power MOS: no bootstrap capacitor
 Wide input voltage range (2.9V up to 18V) QFN8 3x3 L5987/A 3A / up to 1MHz
 High switching frequency (250KHz, adjustable up to
1MHz) with Synchronization capability (180° out of
phase) L5986/A 2.5A / up to 1MHz
 Internal Soft-start
 Inhibit pin
 Embedded protection features L5985 2A / up to 1MHz
 Suitable for MLCC output filter QFN8 3x3
 Typ RDSon=140mΩ L5983 1.5A / up to 1MHz
L5981 1A / up to 1MHz
QFN 3x3 8L - Rth j-amb 60°C/W L5980 0.7A / up to 1MHz
HSO8 - Rth j-amb 40° C/W * Low cost versions with cheaper testing procedure
Device Package Ipk [A] Iout [A] Vin [V] Vout [V] Fsw [kHz] Extra Functions
L5980 QFN3x3-8L 1 0.7 2.9V to 18V 0.6V to Vin 250 Inh, AdjFsw, Sync
L5981 QFN3x3-8L 1.5 1 2.9V to 18V 0.6V to Vin 250 Inh, AdjFsw, Sync
L5983 QFN3x3-8L 2 1.5 2.9V to 18V 0.6V to Vin 250 Inh, AdjFsw, Sync
L5985 QFN3x3-8L 2.5 2 2.9V to 18V 0.6V to Vin 250 Inh, AdjFsw, Sync
L5986/A QFN3x3-8L / HSOP8 3 2.5 2.9V to 18V 0.6V to Vin 250 Inh, AdjFsw, Sync
L5987/A QFN3x3-8L / HSOP8 3.5 3 2.9V to 18V 0.6V to Vin 250 Inh, AdjFsw, Sync
08/11/07 – REV. 2
L5988 / 89 key features
 Synchronous rectification with P-channel
power MOS: no bootstrap capacitor up to 4A /
 Wide input voltage range (2.9V up to 18V)
up to 1MHz
 High switching frequency (400KHz, adjustable up
to 1MHz) L5989D
 Adjustable Soft-start and Inhibit function HTSSOP16
 Embedded over current (adjustable threshold), L5988D
over voltage and thermal protection
 PGood signal (L5989D) Synchronization
capability(180° out of phase) (L5988D)
 Pre-bias start-up capability
 Multifunction pin (adjustable UVLO, latched/no
latched OVP and sink-mode capability)
 1.8v ± 2% reference voltage
 Suitable for MLCC output filter
08/11/07 – REV. 2
L7980 and L7981 key features
 More than 3A in both small
QFN3x3-8L and HSOP8 packages QFN8 3x3 HSOP8 L7981 3A / up to 1MHz
with minimum external component
count L7980 2A / up to 1MHz
 P-channel power MOS: no bootstrap

capacitor
 Wide input voltage range (4.5V up

to 28V)
 High switching frequency (250KHz,

adjustable up to 1MHz) with
Synchronization capability (180° out
of phase)
 Internal Soft-start
 Enable pin
 Embedded protection features
 Suitable for MLCC output filter
 Typ RDSon=180mΩ
08/11/07 – REV. 2
INPUT VOLTAGE > 38V
08/11/07 – REV. 2
ST1S14 – What is it?
 The ST1S14 is a 3A step down switching voltage

regulator with input up to 48V.
 This high input voltage range and the high output

current capability are making it best suitable for
industrial environment applications like
 Factory Automation systems using 24V bus

 DC/DC Modules
 High current LED driving
128
08/11/07 – REV. 2
ST1S14 key features
 PWM fixed frequency 0.75MHz.
 Output Current Capability: 3A
max over all operating
conditions ST1S14 3A / 0.75MHz
 Output Voltage: Adjustable from
1.22V to 90% of max Vin
 Input Voltage: from 5.5V to 48V
 Power Good
 Soft-Start circuit to
reduce inrush current
 Efficiency: up to 95%
 Fast Transient Response
 Both Enable and inhibit
pins available
 HSOP8 Package
08/11/07 – REV. 2
L7985/L7986 – what are they?
 L7985 and L7986 are step down DC/DC switching regulators extending
the L798x family with wider input voltage range up to 38V making it
suitable for many industrial applications
 Input Voltage range 4.5V – 38V

 Output Voltage 0.6V – Vin
 Output current 2A (L7985) and 3A (L7986)
 Switching Frequency fixed or adjustable

 Fixed 250kHz or
 Adjustable by external resistor setting up to 1 MHz
 Higher frequency needs smaller external components like inductors and capacitors
 Extra Functions
 Enable L7985/6
 Internal Soft Start (reducing inrush current)
 Synchronisation capability with 180° phase shift
 Overcurrent and Thermal protection
 Package
 VFQFPN10 3x3 (DFN 3x3)
Typical Application Circuit
 HSOP8
08/11/07 – REV. 2 130

L7985/L7986 – where can they be used?
 Suitable for 5V, 12V, 24V buses
 Space sensitive applications

 DFN3x3, minimum external component count, small external
component size with 1 MHz fsw, for compact solution
 Wide typical application range

 Industrial
 Factory Automation, FPGAs, Chargers, Lighting
 Consumer
 Set Top Box, DVD, LCD TV
 Telecom
 xDSL, modems, DCDC modules
08/11/07 – REV. 2 131

Comparison table Vin up to 18V
Device
L598x L5988-9D ST1S03/A ST1S10 ST1S31/2 ST1S21/2 ST1S40
Feature
Input Voltage (V) 2.9 to 18 2.9 to 18 3 to 6/16 2.5 to 18 2.7 to 6 4 to 18 2.5 to 18
1.25 to
Output Voltage (V) 0.6 to Vin 0.6 to Vin 0.8 to 12 0.8 to 15 0.8 to Vin
90%Vin
0.8 to Vin
Iout (A) Up to 3 4 1.5 3 Up to 4 Up to 3 Up to 4
DFN4x48L
DFN4x4-8L/ DFN3x3-8L/ DFN4x4-8L/
Package DFN3x3-8L HTSSOP16 DFN3x3 6L DFN3x38L
HSOP-8L HSOP-8L HSOP-8L
HSOP-8L
Synch rect. -- Yes -- Yes Yes -- Yes
75 (HS)- 100 (HS) 50 (HS) 70 (HS)

Rdson (typ. mΩ) 140 260 150
65 (LS) 120 (LS) 50 (LS) 90 (LS)
250 400
Fsw (kHz) Adj up to Adj 200 to 1500 900 1500 1000 800
1000 1000
Internal Internal Internal Internal Internal Internal

Soft Start digital
Adj
digital digital digital digital digital
with phase with phase

Synch shift 180° shift 180°
-- Yes -- -- --
MLCC as Cout Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Enable/INH Yes Yes -- Yes Yes Yes Yes
Vref -- Yes -- -- -- -- --
08/11/07 – REV. 2
Comparison table Vin > 18V
Device
L597x L497x L7980/1 L7985/6 ST1S14 ST1S20
Feature
Input Voltage (V) 4.4 to 36 8 to 55 4.5 to 28 4.5 to 38 5.5 to 48 5 to 30
1.22 to
Output Voltage (V) 0.5 to Vin 0.5 to Vin 0.6 to Vin 0.6 to Vin
90%Vin
0.8 to 85%Vin
Iout (A) Up to 2 Up to 3.5 Up to 3 Up to 3 3 6
DIP8/SO16 DFN3x3-8L/ DFN3x3-10L/ HPAK-7L/

Package SO-8/HSOP8 HSOP8
DIP16/SO20 HSOP-8L HSOP-8L DFN5x4-16L
Synch rect. -- -- -- -- -- --
Rdson (typ. mΩ) 250 150 180 150 200 100
250 250
Fsw (kHz) 250 Up to 300 Adj up to Adj up to 750 700
1000 1000
Internal Internal Internal Internal

Soft Start -- Adj
digital digital digital digital
with phase with phase

Synch Yes Yes
shift 180° shift 180°
-- Yes (DFN)
MLCC as Cout -- -- Yes Yes Yes Yes
Enable/INH Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes (DFN)
Vref Yes Yes -- -- -- --
08/11/07 – REV. 2
Part 5
Photovoltaic applications
Energy efficiency
SPV1001
The innovative Cool Bypass Switch (CBS)
for Photovoltaic Inverters
Bypass Diode: What is it?
 In a photovoltaic (PV) system, the panel which receives the lower sunlight
determines the current value which flows through the whole string of panels
(series-connected).
 If a panel is shadowed (due to clouds, leaves etc), it will reduce the power
generated by the whole system  it acts like a resistor in an electric circuit!!
 The no-shadowed panels will force

through the shadowed one a current
which can cause damage through
overheating (hot-spot phenomenon)
 The hot spot issue is generally prevented

through the use of bypass diodes, which
simply bypass the shadowed panel strings.
08/11/07 – REV. 2 136

The Cool Bypass Switch of ST
 The use of by-pass diode increase the efficiency and lifetime of PV module
but introduces further dissipations which should kept as low as possible
 The SPV1001 is an innovative device based on a MOS-structure, having the

same functionality of a Schottky diode but with much better performances
 Compared to conventional Schottkies, the SPV1001 has a much lower

CATHODE CATHODE
voltage drop in conduction state and much
lower leakage current in reverse state
 overall power dissipation is significantly reduced!
 lower dissipation means cooler

ANODE
temperature, resulting in longer life time ANODE
Standard Innovative
Schottky diode Cool Bypass Switch
08/11/07 – REV. 2 137

CBS vs conventional Schottkies
5
Thermal Map at Silicon Level
Schottky #1 (Higher Vf , Lower Ir)
Schottky #2 (Lower Vf, Higher Ir) 8A
4
Power Dissipation [W]
SPV1001
3
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 A= SCHOTTKY #2
Biasing Current [A] B = SCHOTTKY #1
C = SPV1001
 Compared vs two Schottkies with different Forward Voltage & Leakage

Current Tradeoffs at 8A (typical working current in 6 inch solar cell):
• Power Dissipation in CBS is one third (1W vs 3W)

• CBS works ‚cold‘ (- 40°C less than best Schottky)
08/11/07 – REV. 2 138

Conclusions SPV1001
 Key Features
• CBS has very low VF & IR
• IF=15A, two voltage ratings: VR=30V & 40V
• 175°C max junction temperature
• TO220, D2PAK & MLD packages
 Key Benefits
• CBS has less power dissipation vs conventional schottky diodes
• Lower power dissipation means cooler temperature

 longer life time
 higher reliability
08/11/07 – REV. 2 139

SPV1020
Solar charger with MPPT
Innovative distributed PV architectures
Low voltage architecture High voltage architecture
Central Central AC line

AC line
inverter inverter
(DC/AC) (DC/AC)
High voltage DC bus
High voltage DC bus

Low Low
output voltage output voltage
Low voltage power optimizers High High High High

wired serially in strings output output output output
voltage voltage voltage voltage
Low Low
output voltage output voltage
Panel1 Panel 2 Panel 3 Panel n
Low Low
output voltage output voltage High voltage power optimizers
wired in parallel
String 1 String n
08/11/07 – REV. 2
MPPT: What it is & how does it work?
MPPT stands for „Maximum Power Point Tracking“. It is a method to determine
the optimum working point of a solar cell string or the complete panel in order to
get the maximum power out of it. This optimized working point can change
and depends from different external factors like shading, dust, leaves, defect cells
etc.
e.g. during the shading of some parts of a panel (one or several strings with solar
cells in series) the shaded cells will not supply enough power and the overall DC
output of the complete system will be reduced. This has a not negligible impact on
the the output power (P = U x I).
An efficient MPPT algorithm is called „Perturb & Observe“ method and is used in
the SPV1020/40.
typ. PV-cell
Perturb & Observe method? characteristic
142
08/11/07 – REV. 2
MPPT: “Perturb & Observe” Method
Perturbation and Observation:
MPPT algorithm is changing the Duty Cycle (DC)

to detect the maximum power point:
STEP 1: DC is increasing from A to B....
STEP 2: While further increasing DC, the power in

state C is still higher...
STEP 3: Increasing DC toward D, at this point

lower power is detected...
STEP 4: MPPT logic is decreasing DC passing C,

and detect lower power at B.
STEP 5: DC is increasing again...
143
08/11/07 – REV. 2
SPV1020: Low Voltage Monolithic Power Optimizer
- +
+
BOOST
+
MPPT
BOOST
+
MPPT
A/D
converter
MPPT A/D
BOOST converter
+ A/D
MPPT converter
Junction box
ST distributed architecture
-
Standard PV Panel
PV array
Load
BOOST DC/AC
+ Meter
MPPT converter Inverter
Inverter basic architecture
08/11/07 – REV. 2
SPV1020: Benefits of the interleaved topology
I1 I2 I3 I4
IIN
IOUT
Benefits
 Lower voltage and current ripple
 Lower EMI (Electro-Magnetic Interferences)
 Smaller capacitors and inductors the advanced structure of the converter
 No electrolytic capacitors  longer life time compensate the ripple on input and output
 Lower parasitic resistors  higher efficiency currents
08/11/07 – REV. 2 145

SPV1020: Conversion efficiency and MPPT accuracy
η VMPP = 14V η VMPP = 14V

99.00% 100.00%
98.00% 99.90%
97.00% 99.80%
P = 112W 99.70% P = 112W
96.00%
95.00% P = 84W 99.60% P = 84W
99.50%
94.00% P = 54W P = 56W
99.40%
93.00% P = 28 W 99.30% P = 28W
92.00% 99.20%
91.00% 99.10%
90.00% 99.00%
VOUT VOUT (V)
16.00 20.00 24.00 28.00 32.00 36.00 40.00 16 20 24 28 32 36 40
η VMPP = 24V η VMPP = 24V

99.00% 100.00%
98.00% 99.90% P = 192W
97.00% 99.80%
P = 144W
96.00% P = 192W 99.70%
95.00% P = 144W 99.60% P = 96W
99.50%
94.00% P = 96W 99.40% P = 48W
93.00% 99.30%
P = 48W
92.00% 99.20%
91.00% 99.10%
90.00% 99.00%
VOUT 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 VOUT (V)
26.00 28.00 30.00 32.00 34.00 36.00 38.00 40.00
08/11/07 – REV. 2 146

SPV1020: 240W DC-DC Converter with MPPT
Key features
 240 W DC-DC Boost Converter with MPPT
 40V output voltage operating range VOUT
SPV1020
 Built-in MPPT and Soft-Start
 Output over voltage and over temperature MPP setting point VOUT control
control
 Efficiency up to 98% possible
 SPI interface for remote telemetry and control
STEVAL-ISV009V1
 SPV1020 (DC-DC step-up converter with
MPPT embedded)
 SPV1001N30 (Cool Bypass Switch)
 AN3392 end Q4/´11
08/11/07 – REV. 2 147

SPV1020: Benefits summary
Key features
 Operating current up to 9A / voltage up to 40V
 Built in MPPT and soft-start
 Up to 98% efficiency
 Burst mode at low irradiation for high efficiency
 Current limitation, overvoltage protection and
thermal shutdown
Package: PSSO36
Key benefits
 Panel level MPPT  maximizes energy harvesting
 Serial interface  remote control and monitoring
 Monolithic device  squeezed application and cost-effective solution
 Fewer devices on the board  lower failure rate / higher reliability
 Bypass and cutoff diodes can be removed; the main inverter can be simplified
08/11/07 – REV. 2
SPV1040
Solar charger
What is the new SPV1040?
The SPV1040 isKey
a high efficient monolithic step-up DC-DC converter
features
powered by just a few solar cells for battery charging of low power
applications.
At the same time ithe device provides highest safety for the battery
and the system thru implemented over-current and -temperature
protection.
This device is designed for energy harvesting (from the sunlight) and
is using an internal MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking)
algorithm in order to reach highest efficiency up to 95%.
SPV1040
Iin Vin Iout

But what means MPPT?
Cin Cout
Vin Rout Vout
PV
Panel ZDC
150
08/11/07 – REV. 2
SPV1040: Solar Battery Charger
Key features
 High-efficiency monolithic step-up DC-DC converter

 Proprietary “Perturb and Observe” embedded MPPT
algorithm
 Very low input voltage (down to 0.3 V)
 Very low RDS(on) integrated N-MOSFET and P-MOSFET
 Over-current and over-temperature protection
 Input reverse polarity protection
Main benefits
 Energy harvesting
 Up to 95% efficiency
 Optimized battery charging profile
 Suitable for low-power applications
powered by only a few solar cells
 Battery and system safety guaranteed
151
08/11/07 – REV. 2
eDesign Studio Software Support Tool
 eDesign Studio enhances development by implementing guidelines for
components selection to achieve the best system trade-off and to simulate
application performance.
152
08/11/07 – REV. 2
What is the typical application?
 Low-power solar-battery charger
Key applications
 Home lighting
 PV Charger
 Portable consumer devices and toys
 Solar lanterns
 Digital still cameras
 Portable healthcare, sensors
 Watches
 Thermometers
 Wireless headsets
 Car remote controls and locks
 Small appliances (e.g. shaver charger)
System evaluation board (STEVAL-ISV006V2 )
153
08/11/07 – REV. 2
Solar-Li-ion battery charger
 Lithium-ion solar battery charger
Key applications Solar cell
SPV1040 L6924
MPPT
 PV Charger for small power + Li-ion
Step-up battery
applications converter charger
Key products
 SPV1040: high-efficiency solar battery

charger with embedded MPPT
 L6924D: charge controller for Li-ion
batteries
Demo board (STEVAL-ISV012V1)
154
08/11/07 – REV. 2
SPV1040:
Technical Documentation and Promo Package
Available
NOW
155
08/11/07 – REV. 2
IMM Competence Center
The support
IMM Competence Center Europe
Building Automation – Focus on Applications
Factory Automation Healthcare
Home Appliance
Connectivity & Sensor Smart Metering
Lighting
Technical Support…
Power Management
08/11/07 – REV. 2
I&MM CC – Technical Support
 Training end customer on ST„s system solution offering + tools
 Support ST and Distributor FAE for design-in (support) + technical support of

end customer
 Special Technical Training of (D-) FAE, (D-) FSE
 D-FAE Certification
 Win share of mind (commercially and technically)
 Align COOP investments with technical strategy
 Provide and develop (in case not existing) low-cost Evaluation + Reference
Design Boards + Marketing Packages for product and tool promotion
 Hot-Line (via e-mail), Project Support–

 qualified/selected customer, FAE, FSE, D-FAE
 for Microcontroller and Applications
 Technical questions on systems and products from Customers, (D-)FAE, FSE;
 BIZ > 100k€ total
 Design-Consulting – full CTM project support

 Customer specific System proposals, uC code conversion,
 upon request of (D-)FAE, FSE; BIZ > 100k€ p.a.
 Selective direct end customer support (hotline + travel)
08/11/07 – REV. 2
Service Card & Help Desk
Visible and accessible
WWW.ST.COM\helpdesk only for privileged users
(CTM‟s, FAE‟s, FSE‟s)
Step by Step description of the

Support Access registration and
usage explanation.
To get access please contact your ST responsible person.
08/11/07 – REV. 2
Technical Trainings
 Team of trainers with >250 training days experience
 Regularly opened sessions in ST offices
 Complete Training Catalogue on ST web site http://www.st.com/learnMCU
 A network of Training Partners in EU
 For registration please use your ST contact person
 Session on demand available (min. 8 attendees)
08/11/07 – REV. 2
Design Consulting
 Providing of additional development resources for:
 SW co-development
 HW design proposal
 Application porting
 EMC consultancy
 Pre-sale consultancy
 Conditions:
 High volume projects
 Validation of the application is done by the CTM
08/11/07 – REV. 2
Application Support Hot-Line Addresses in Prague
 For selected Focus Customer Application Support

 to be agreed with local ST FSE/FAE
 project data have to be exchanged
 [email protected]
open access for all D-FAEs
08/11/07 – REV. 2

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Power conversion

 all 14 of our manufacturing sites are certified to the

 Visit: unit of production

Analog Ranking 2010 Key product family Key target applications

Ultra Low Power 3D Heterogeneous Advanced BCD

Innovative Wire Bonding

Advanced Packaging &

HV Monolithic Switchers Synchr. Rectifier Controllers

4W(1) / 8W(2) 6W(1) / 12W(2) 12W(1) / 24W(2) 15W(1) / 30W(2)

(1) Open frame, VIN = 85 - 264VAC ,

PWM operations Fixed Frequency (60 or 115kHz) with Fixed Frequency

800V Extra Power Simplified

Burst Mode Over Voltage No auxiliary

Soft start 2° OCP Auto restart

(1) 30kHz available only for VIPer06

High features - Isolated Fly-back

Quasi Resonant - Isolated Fly-back

VIPer28 VIPer38 Peak Power Isolated Fly-back

Non Isolated converters

DIP7 DIP7 DIP7 Basic features – Isolated Fly-back

w/o Brown out feature

In case of Brown out feature is

Isolated Cell Phone

Isolated High Power

Isolated High Power

Non isolated 12V / 5V (post

Non Isolated AN3028

Isolated Home appliance

Non Isolated 12V / 5V (post Small Home

Isolated Auxiliary PSU

 HV drivers e.g. L638x/L639x family (15V)

Key Product: Typical Applications: Board Purpose:

Key Product: Typical Applications: Board Purpose:

 800V, avalanche rugged power MOSFET *

 800V, avalanche rugged power MOSFET

 800V, avalanche rugged power MOSFET

 800V, avalanche rugged power MOSFET

+ No Need auxiliary winding

GND COMP LIM VDD

Default current limit

+ No Need auxiliary winding

GND COMP LIM VDD

Current limit set-up - RLIM

+ No Need auxiliary winding

GND COMP LIM VDD

Default current limit

+ Need auxiliary winding

GND Low cost clamp components

Default current limit

Simplified feedback loop

+ Need auxiliary winding

Default current limit

No need the optocoupler

GND COMP LIM VDD Short circuit protection

IC3 Default current limit

GND COMP LIM VDD Short circuit protection

Default current limit

IC2 2nd Over Current protection

Current limit set-up - RLIM

RLIM IC2 2nd Over Current protection