W3-19 Operative Obstetrics - Lecture
W3-19 Operative Obstetrics - Lecture
W3-19 Operative Obstetrics - Lecture
Objectives
• Episiotomy
• Forceps
• Ventouse/Vacuum
• Version
• Suction evacuation
• Cesarean section
Operative Procedures: Gynecology
• Salphingectomy
• Oophorectomy
• Hysterectomy
Basic Requirements
1. Anesthesia
2. Lithotomy Position
3. Full surgical asepsis
4. Empty the bladder
5. Vaginal examination
Basic Requirements
• General/Local
1. Anesthesia
• May be performed with IV Diazepam
2. Lithotomy Position sedation
Allis forceps
Curette
lateral
‘J’shaped median
Advantages Disadvantages
mediolateral • The muscles arenot cut • Extension if occurs, may involve the
• Less blood loss rectum
episiotomy
• Repair is easy • Not suitable for manipulative
• Postoperative comfort is maximum delivery or in
• Healing is superior • abnormal presentation or position.
• Wound disruption is rare
• Dyspareunia is rare
1. Preliminaries ▪ Repair
▪ Done in 3 layers
2. Incision
▪ Principles to be followed are:
3. Repair •Perfect hemostasis
•To obliterate the dead space
•Suture without tension
▪ Orders:
•Vaginal mucosa & submucosal
tissues
•Perineal muscles
•Skin & subcutaneous tissues
Post-Operative Care
▪ Dressing
▪ The wound is to be dressed each time following urination &defecation
▪ To keep area clean & dry
▪ Swabbing with cotton swabs soaked in antiseptic powder or ointment (Furacin or
Neosporin)
▪ Comfort
▪ To relieve pain in the area, magnesium sulfate compress or application of infrared heat
may be used
▪ Ice packs reduces swelling & pain also
▪ Analgesic drugs (Ibuprofen) may be given when required
▪ Ambulation
▪ Patient is allowed to move out of the bed after 24 hours
▪ Prior to that, she is allowed to roll over on to her side or even to sit but only with thighs
apposed
▪ Removal of stitch
▪ When wound is sutured by catgut or Dexon which will be absorbed, the sutures need
not be removed
▪ If non-absorbable material (silk/nylon) is used, the stitches are to be cut on 6th day
Complications
Immediate
• Dyspareunia
• Chance ofperineal lacerations
• Scar endometriosis (rare)
Forceps
Indications
MATERNAL
• Exhaustion
• Prolonged second stage
• Cardiac / pulmonary disease
FETAL
• Failure of the fetal head to rotate
• Fetal distress
• Control of the fetal head in vaginal beech delivery
CLASSIFICATION OF FORCEPS DELIVERY
• Outlet: Wrigley’s
• Outlet & Low forceps: Simpson or Elliot
• Midforceps & outlet: Tucker McLane
• Midforceps & rotation: Kielland
• After coming head in breech: Piper
Parts of a Forceps
Complications
Maternal
• trauma to soft tissue
• 3rd/4th degree laceration
• bleeding from lacerations
• trauma to urethra & bladder
Complications
Fetal
• bruising & laceration to the face
• Injury to the fetal scalp
• cephalohematoma
• retinal hemorrhage
• skull fracture
• permanent nerve damage / Facial nerve
VACUUM/VENTOUSE
Indications
MATERNAL
• Exhaustion
• Prolonged second stage
• Cardiac / pulmonary disease
FETAL
• Failure of the fetal head to rotate
• Fetal distress
• Should not be used for preterm, face presentation or breech
90
Complications
Maternal
• Vaginal laceration due to entrapment of
vaginal mucosa between suction cup & fetal
head
Complications
Fetal
• Scalp injuries:
• abrasion & lacerations
• scalp necrosis
• Cephalohematoma
• Intracranial hemorrhage: Subgaleal hematoma
• Birth asphyxia: related to extraction force & time
• Retinal hemorrhage
• Neonatal jaundice
Hysterotomy
Operative procedure of…
▪ Intrauterine infection
▪ Grossly defective scar
▪ Markedly hypotonic uterus
▪ Laceration of major vessels
▪ Large myomas
▪ Severe cervical dysplasia
▪ Carcinoma in situ
▪ Placenta previa, accreta
Thank you for your attention!!