DETAILED LESSON PLAN

MATHEMATICS Grade 8 - Regular

School Teaching Dates/

Week (Week 5)

PAMPANGA HIGH SCHOOL

Teacher Quarter Third

GRADE 8 MATHEMATICS TEACHERS

I. OBJECTIVES

A. Content Standards
The learner demonstrates understanding of key concepts of axiomatic structure of
geometry and triangle congruence.
B. Performance Standards
The learner is able to communicate mathematical thinking with coherence and clarity in
formulating, investigating, analyzing, and solving real-life problems involving congruent
triangles using appropriate and accurate representations.
C. Learning Competencies
The learner proves two triangles are congruent. (M8GE-IIIg-1)
D. Objectives
At the end of the lesson, the learners should be able to:

1. recall the different congruence postulates and theorem;

2. apply the congruence postulates and theorem in proving that two triangles are
congruent; and
3. demonstrate keenness in observation through the formulation of valid conclusions.

II. CONTENT
 Proving Triangle Congruence
 The SAS Congruence Postulate
 The ASA Congruence Postulate
 The AAS Congruence Theorem
 The SSS Congruence Postulate

Learning Resources
A. References
“Mathematics Learner’s Module (Grade 8)” pages 353 - 361
by: Abuzo, Emmanuel P. et.al. DepEd-Instructional Materials Council Secretariat
“Exploring Math 8” pages 339 - 359
by: Oronce, Orlando A. and Mendoza, Marilyn O.
“Grade 8 Mathematics: Patterns and Practicalities” pages 367 - 383
by: Gladys P. Nivera, Ph.D
“e-math 8” pages 336-353
by: Oronce, Orlando A. et.al.

B. Other Learning Resources

www.wyzant.com, www.mathwarehouse.com and www.commons.deped.gov.ph

III. PROCEDURES
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 DAY 1

A. Reviewing previous lesson or presenting the new lesson

Hello there! How are you?

Do you still remember the last lesson you had?

Let us first have a review.
If two triangles are congruent, then each part of the triangle (side or angle) is congruent to
the corresponding part in the other triangle. This is the true value of the concept; once you
have proved two triangles are congruent, you can find the angles or sides of one of them
from the other.

To remember this important idea, some find it helpful to use the acronym CPCTC, which
stands for "Corresponding Parts of Congruent Triangles are Congruent".

Using the following postulate and theorem we can verify congruency between two triangles
and their parts.

Let us have the following examples.

Example 1: Using SAS Postulate (Side-Angle-Side)

Given: ∆ ABC ≅ ∆≝¿, BC ≅ EF , AC ≅ DF and ∠ C ≅∠ F
Find : m∠ F , EF and AC
Solution:
By CPCTC:
m∠ F = m∠C = 40 EF = BC = 3
AC = DF = 7

Example 2: Using ASA Postulate (Angle-Side-Angle)

Given: : , , ,
∆ PQR ≅ ∆ MNO ∠ P ≅ ∠ M ∠ Q ≅ ∠ N
PQ ≅ MN

Find: value of x, m∠ N , and PQ

Example 3: AAS Theorem (Angle-Side-Angle)

Given: ∆ HIJ ≅ ∆ KLM , ∠ H ≅ ∠ K , ∠J ≅ ∠ M , HI ≅ KL
Find: value of x, m∠ K , m∠ M and KL

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68
Example 4: Using SSS Postulate (Side-side-side)

Given: , ,
∆ BOY ≅ ∆ MAN BO ≅ MA , OY ≅ AN
BY ≅ MN

Find: value of a, BY, MA, OY

B. Establishing a purpose for the lesson

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Did you enjoy the activity? Well then, let’s move on the next part of the discussion.
By now, you must be well aware of congruent triangles, the different criteria used to test triangle
congruence and the importance of markings to show their congruency. As we have studied
before,

In the figure, AB ≅ DE , ∠ B ≅ ∠ E , and

BC ≅ EF , then ∆ ABC ≅ ∆≝¿ by SAS Postulate.

Let us find out how we can apply the SAS Postulate to prove that two triangles are congruent.

Example 1 A B
Given: AB ≅ CD , 1
∠1 ≅ ∠2
2
Prove: ∆ ABD ≅ ∆ CDB D C

Proof:
Statements Reasons
1. AB ≅ CD Given
2. ∠ 1 ≅ ∠ 2 Given
3. BD ≅ BD Reflexive Property
4. ∆ ABD ≅ ∆ CDB SAS Postulate

Now, try on your own. Answer the next Example in your Math notebook.

Example 2: Complete the proof by supplying the missing statement or reason.

Given: RM ≅ RN ,
RO bisects ∠ MRN

Prove: ∆ MRO ≅ ∆ NRO

Proof:

Statements Reasons
1. RM ≅ RN
2. Given
3.∠ MRO ≅ ∠ NRO
4, Reflexive Property
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 5. ∆ MRO ≅ ∆ NRO

You should get

Statements Reasons
1. RM ≅ RN Given
2. RO bisects ∠ MRN Given
3.∠ MRO ≅ ∠ NRO Definition of angle bisector
4, RO ≅ RO Reflexive Property
5. ∆ MRO ≅ ∆ NRO SAS Postulate

If your score is at least 3 out of 5, you may proceed to the next part of the discussion. If not, I’m
sorry but you have to go back to the given example and try again.

C. Presenting examples/instances of the new lesson

In this lesson you will learn how to prove ASA Postulate (Angle-Side-Angle).

 ASA Postulate (Angle- Side – Angle) - if two angles and the included side of one
triangle are congruent to the corresponding parts of another triangle, then the triangles are
congruent.

In a sense, this is basically the opposite of the SAS Postulate. The SAS Postulate required
congruence of two sides and an included angle, whereas, the ASA Postulate requires two
angles and the included side to be congruent.
An illustration of ASA Postulate is shown here.
We conclude that ∆ ABC ≅ ∆≝¿by ASA Postulate

because the triangles’ two angles and an included

side are congruent.

Let us practice using the ASA Postulate to prove congruence between two triangles.
Example 1:

Given: OM bisects ∠ LMN , ∠ LOM=∠NOM

Prove: ∆ LMO ≅ ∆ NM

Proof

Statements Reasons
1. ∠ LOM=∠NOM 1.Given
2. MO=MO 2. Reflexive Property of congruence
3. ∠ LMO=∠ NMO 3. Definition of angle bisector
4. : ∆ LMO ≅ ∆ NMO 4. ASA Postulate

Example 2:

Given: ET ⊥ EX , IC ⊥ IX , EX ≅ IX

Prove: ∆ EXT ≅ ∆ IXC

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Proof

Statements Reasons
1. ET ⊥ EX
1. Given
IC ⊥ IX
2. ∠ E∧∠ I are ¿ angles 2. Definition of Perpendicularity
3. ∠ E ≅ ∠ I 3. Any two right angles are congruent
4. EX ≅ IX 4. Given
5. ∠ EXT ≅ ∠ IXC 5. VAT –Vertical Angle Theorem
6. ∆ EXT ≅ ∆ IXC 6. ASA Postulate

Now it’s your turn!

Example 3: Supply the missing reasons. Write your answers in your math notebook.
Given: ∠ E∧∠I are ¿ angles , X is the midpoint of EI

Prove: ∆ EXT ≅ ∆ IXC

Proof

Statements Reasons
1. ∠ E∧∠ I are ¿ angles 1.
2.∠ E ≅ ∠ I 2.
3. X is the midpoint of EI 3.
4. EX ≅ IX 4.
5. ∠ EXT ≅ ∠ IXC 5.
6. ∆ EXT ≅ ∆ IXC 6.

You should get:

Statements Reasons
1. ∠ E∧∠ I are ¿ angles 1. Given
2.∠ E ≅ ∠ I 2. Any two right angles are congruent
3. X is the midpoint of EI 3. Given
4. EX ≅ IX 4. Definition of midpoint
5. ∠ EXT ≅ ∠ IXC 5. VAT
6. ∆ EXT ≅ ∆ IXC 6. ASA Postulate

If your score is at least 4 out of 6, you may proceed to the next part of the discussion. If not, I’m
sorry but you have to go back to the given examples and try again.

DAY 2

D. Discussing new concepts and practicing new skills #1

 Angle-Angle-Side (AAS) Congruence Theorem

The Angle-Angle-Side Theorem (AAS) tells us that

if two angles and a non-included side of one triangle
are congruent to two angles and the corresponding
non-included side of another triangle, then the two
triangles are congruent.

In the figure, ∠ A ≅ ∠ C , ∠ ADB ≅ ∠ CDB and

BD ≅ BD , then ∆ ABD ≅ ∆ CBD by AAS Theorem.
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Let us find out how we can apply the AAS Theorem to prove that two triangles are congruent.

Example 1
Given: ∠ NER ≅ ∠ NVR
RN bisects ∠ ERV

Prove: ∆ ENR ≅ ∆ VNR

Proof:

Statements Reasons
1. ∠ NER ≅ ∠ NVR Given
2. RN bisects ∠ ERV Given
3. ∠ NRE ≅ ∠ NRV Definition of angle bisector
4, RN ≅ RN Reflexive Property
5. ∆ ENR ≅ ∆ VNR AAS Congruence Theorem

Now, try on your own. Answer the next Example in your Math notebook.

Example 2: Complete the proof by supplying the missing statement or reason.

Given: CM bisects BL at A
∠L ≅ ∠B

Prove: ∆ CAL ≅ ∆ MAB

Proof:

Statements Reasons
1. CM bisects BL at A
2. AL ≅ AB
3. VAT
4, Given
5. ∆ CAL ≅ ∆ MAB

You should get

Statements Reasons
1. CM bisects BL at A Given
2. AL ≅ AB Definition of segment bisector
3. ∠ LAC ≅ ∠ BAM VAT
4, ∠ L ≅ ∠ B Given
5. ∆ CAL ≅ ∆ MAB AAS Congruence Theorem

If your score is at least 3 out of 5, you may proceed to the next part of the discussion. If not, I’m
sorry but you have to go back to the given example and try again.
DAY 3

E. Discussing new concepts and practicing new skills #2

Here let us have, Side-Side-Side Postulate

 Side-Side-Side Postulate

If three sides of one triangle are congruent to

three sides of another triangle, then the two
triangles are congruent.

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Here’s a very simple example showing how the SSS Postulate is used in proving triangle
congruence.
Example 1: L O

Given: Square LOVE and its diagonal LV

Prove: ∆ LEV ≅ ∆ LOV

E V
Proof:
Statements Reasons
1. Square LOVE, LV is diagonal. 1. Given
2. ¿ ≅ OV ; LO ≅ VE 2. Definition of square
3. LV ≅ LV 3. Reflexive Property of Congruence
4. ∆ LEV ≅ ∆ LOV 4. SSS Postulate

Example 2:

Given: ℜ≅ NE , RO ≅ NO ,

Prove: ∠3 ≅ ∠4

Proof:

Statements Reasons
1. ℜ≅ NE , RO ≅ NO Given

2. EO ≅ EO Reflexive property

3. ROE ≅ NOE SSS Postulate

4. ∠ 3 ≅ ∠ 4 CPCTC

NOTE: Since ROE ≅ NOE by SSS Postulate, then all the corresponding parts of the triangles
are congruent by CPCTC.
Now it’s your turn!
Example 3: Supply the missing statements or
reasons. Write your answers in your math notebook.

Given: LOVE is a rhombus; OE is a diagonal.

Prove: ∆ LOE ≅ ∆ VEO

Proof:

Statements Reasons
1. LOVE is a rhombus. 1.
2. 2. Definition of a Rhombus
3. OE is a diagonal. 3.
4. 4. Reflexive Property
5. ∆ LOE ≅ ∆ VEO 5.

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You should get
Statements Reasons
1. LOVE is a rhombus. 1. Given
2. LO ≅ VE ; ¿ ≅ VO 2. Definition of a Rhombus
3. OE is a diagonal. 3. Given
4. OE ≅ OE 4. Reflexive Property
5. ∆ LOE ≅ ∆ VEO 5. Step 2 and 4 and SSS Postulate

If your score is at least 3 out of 5, you may proceed to the next part of the discussion. If not, I’m
sorry but you have to go back to the given examples and try again.

DAY 4

F. Developing mastery

Complete each proof by supplying missing statements and reasons. Write your answers in your
math notebook.
A. In the figure,

Given : AE and NL bisect each other at G.

Prove: ∆NGA ≅ ∆LGE

Proof:

Statements Reasons

1. 1.
2. AG ≅ EG
NG ≅ LG 2.

3. 3. Vertical Angle Theorem

4. ∆NGA ≅ ∆LGE 4.

B. In the figure,

Given : OD ≅ ED
OV ≅ EV
Prove: ∠O ≅ ∠E

Proof:

Statements Reasons

1. 1. Given

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 2. 2.

3. ∆DOV ≅ ∆DEV 3.

4. ∠O ≅ ∠E 4.

Now, check your work by turning to page 78 Score Description

9- 10 Very Good
for the key to correction. How many correct
6-8 Good
answers did you get? Rate your result using the
table. 3-5 Fair
Turn to page 77
If your score is at least 6 out of 10, you may sec. J and work now
proceed to next part of the discussion. 0-2 on the
enrichment
activities

G. Finding practical applications of concepts and skills in daily living

Congruent Triangles
In the real world congruent triangles are
used in construction when we need to
reinforce structures so that they are strong
and stable, and do not bend or buckle in
strong winds or when underload.

The two triangles on the front-facing faces

of the buildings are both congruent. By
utilizing congruent triangles, the buildings
create a nice work atmosphere, a protection
system from the sun by reflecting off opposite
triangular faces, or even a popular tourist
attraction. This is an example of triangle
congruence in the real world- identical
buildings.

DAY 5
H. Making generalizations and abstractions about the lesson

Let us now summarize our lesson for today.

The SAS Postulate (Side – Angle – Side) If two
sides and the included angle of one triangle are
congruent to the corresponding two sides and the
included angle of another triangle, then the two
triangles are congruent.
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 The ASA Postulate (Angle- Side – Angle)- if two
angles and the included side of one triangle are
congruent to the corresponding parts of another
triangle, then the triangles are congruent.

The AAS Theorem (Angle-Angle-Side) tells us that if two

angles and a non-included side of one triangle are
congruent to two angles and the corresponding non-
included side of another triangle, then the two triangles are
congruent.

The SSS Postulate (Side-Side-Side Postulate) -

If three sides of one triangle are congruent to
three sides of another triangle, then the two
triangles are congruent.

I. Evaluating learning

Write all your answers on a yellow pad paper following the given instructions. Label your
paper using the format shown below and it is to be submitted to your Math teacher.

Name: ________________________ Section: _______________________

Subject: Mathematics 8 Week 5 Parent’s Signature: ______________

General Directions: Complete each proof by supplying missing statements and reasons.

1. Given:∆ APO is an isosceles triangle

K is the midpoint of PO .

Prove: ∆ APK ≅ ∆ AOK

Proof:
Statements Reasons
∆ APO is an isosceles triangle 1.
2. Definition of an Isosceles triangle
K is the midpoint of PO Given
3. Definition of midpoint
4. Reflexive Property of Congruence
∆ APK ≅ ∆ AOK 5.

2. Given: ∆ BOW and ∆ BAT;

B is the midpoint of OA and TW .
Prove: OW ≅ AT

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Draw: Proof:
Statements Reasons
6. Given
W 7. Definition of Midpoint
8. Definition of Congruent
O Segment
∠ OBW and ∠ ABT are Definition of Vertical
B
vertical angles Angles
9. Vertical Angle Theorem
A
∆ BOW ≅ ∆ BAT SAS Congruence
Postulate

T OW ≅ AT 10.

J. Additional activities for application or remediation

Part F

Fill in the missing statement or reason in the Two-Column Proof. Write your answers in your
math notebook.
In the figure,

Given: : LO bisects MP
∠M ≅ ∠P
Prove: ∆LNM ≅ ∆ONP

Proof:

Statements Reasons

1. LO bisects MP 1. Given
2. 2.

3. ∠M ≅ ∠P 3. Given
4. 4. _
5. ∆LNO ≅ ∆ONP 5.

You should get

Statements Reasons

1. LO bisects MP 1. Given

2. MN ≅ PN 2. Definition of Segment
Bisector

3. ∠M ≅ ∠P 3. Given

4. ∠LNM ≅ ∠ONP 4. Vertical Angle Theorem

5. ∆LNO ≅ ∆ONP 5. ASA Congruence Postulate

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You may proceed to the next part of the discussion if your score is at least 3 out of 5. If not, you
have to go back to section B, C, D and E, and try all over again.

KEY TO CORRECTIONS
PART F
A.
Statements Reasons

1. AE and NLbisect each other at G. 1. Given

2. AG ≅ EG 2. Definition of Segment
NG ≅ LG Bisector

3. ∠NGA ≅ ∠LGE 3. Vertical Angle Theorem

4. ∆NGA ≅ ∆LGE 4. SAS Congruence Postulate

B.
Statements Reasons
1. OD ≅ ED
OV ≅ EV 1. Given
2. DV ≅ DV 2. Reflexive Property of
Congruence

3. ∆DOV ≅ ∆DEV 3. SSS Congruence Postulate

4. ∠O ≅ ∠E 4. CPCTC

If you need more help, you may reach me at my cp #

(Please see page 17 of SIPacks Week 1)

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