SUBMI

TTEDBY:ALI
SHBAASLAM
ROLLNO:
F22BI
NFT1E02027

Phr
ase
Def
ine:
Aphraseisasmallgroupofwor dsthat
communicatesaconceptbuti sn’taful
lsentence.
Youusephrasesinyourwrit
ingandspeechever y
day.Ther
ear eal
otofdif
ferentki ndsofphrases,
someofwhi chpl
ayatechnicalr olei
nyourwr i
ti
ng
andother
sthatplayamorei l
lust r
ati
verol
e.
Ty
pes:
Ther
ear
esevencl
assesandt
ypesofphr
ases.
1Absol
utephr
ase
2Apposi
ti
vephr
ase
3Ger
undphr
ase
4I
nfi
nit
ivephr
ase
5Nounphr
ase
 6Par
ti
cipl
ephr
ase
7Pr
oposi
ti
onalphr
ase

1)Absol
utephr
ase:
Anabsolut
ephrase(nominati
v eabsolut
e)is
generall
ymadeupofanounorpr onounwithaparti
cipi
alphr
ase.Itmodi f
iesthewhole
sentence,notasingl
enoun,whi
chmakesi tdif
fer
entfrom apart
icipial
phrase.Absol
ute
phrases: 
It
sbranchescover
edini
cicles,
thetal
loakstoodinoury ard.
Exampl
e:Weat
herper
mit
ti
ng 
weshal
lmeeti
ntheev
eni
ng.Her
ethephr
ase'
weat
her
per
mit
ti
ng'
isanexampl
eofanabsol
utephr
ase.

2)Apposi
tephr
ase:
Anapposi
tiv
eis anounornounphrasethatclar
if
ies,
i
denti
fies,descri
bes,orother
wiserenamesanothernounornounphr ase.
Forexampl e:thesentenceMycousinRebeccai sadoctorcont
ainstheapposit
ivenoun
Rebecca.Theapposi t
iveRebeccaidenti
fi
esthenouncousinandbothwor dsref
ertothe
sameper son

3)Ger
undphr
ase:
Agerundphraseisagroupofwordsconsist
ingofager undand
themodi f
ier(s)and/ or(
pro)noun(
s)ornounphr ase(
s)thatf
uncti
onasthedirectobject
(s)
,
i
ndirectobject(s),orcomplement(s)oftheacti
onorstateexpr
essedi
nt hegerund,suchas:The
gerundphr asef uncti
onsast hesubjectoft
hesentence.

Exampl
e:Pl
ayi
ng,
danci
ng,
eat
ingat
c.
Tim enjoysrunningwithscissors.I
nthissent
ence,thegerundphr
aser
unningwit
hscissor
sis
thedirectobjectoftheverbenjoys.Wecouldeasilyrepl
aceitwi
thasi
mplerobj
ectnounto
confi
rmt hatitreal
lyisanobject.Tim enj
oysracquetbal
l
.

4)I
nfi
nit
ivephr
ase:
Ani
nfini
ti
vephraseconsi
stofaninfi
nit
ivever
bplusany
compl
ement
sormodi
fi
ers.Compl
  ement
sarewor
dsthatar
eneededf
oraphr
aset
omake
sense.I
ninf
ini
ti
vephr
ases,
compl
ement
sar
eusual
l
ydi
rectobj
ect
s.
Modi
fi
ersmakephr
asesclearerormorespecif
ic.I
nani
nfi
nit
ivephr
ase,
themodi
fi
ersmi
ght
i
ncl
ude 
art
icl
es,
adj
ect
ives,object
s,oradv
erbs.

Exampl
e:l
et’
sgot oseethenewMarvelf
ilm.I
nthi
ssentence“t
osee”i
suseasani
nfi
nit
ivev
erband
“t
heNewmar vel
”isuseasmodif
ierandthecompl
imentinthi
ssent
encei
s“fi
l
m”.

5)NounPhr
ase:
Anounphraseisei
therapr
onounoranygr
oupofwor
ds
t
hatcanber
epl
acedbyapronoun.

Forexample,
't
hey'
,'
cars'
,and'
thecar
s'ar
enounphr
ases,
but'
car
'isj
usta
noun,asyoucanseeinthesesent
ences.

6)Par
ti
cipl
ephr
ase:
Aparti
cipl
ephraseis agroupofwords
containi
ngapar t
ici
ple,modifi
er,andpronounornounphr ases.ThePronoun/Nounwil
l
actthereci
pientoftheactioninthephrase.Youneedacommaaf teraPart
ici
plePhr
ase
i
fitcomesatt hebegi nni
ngofasent enceandthefoll
owingphr aseisacomplete
sentence.I
ftheparti
cipatephraseisinthemiddleorattheendofasent ence,youdo
notneedacomma.

7)Pr
oposi
ti
onalphr
ase:
 
Aphraset
hatbeginswit
hapr eposi
ti
onandendsina
noun,pronoun,
ornoun 
phr
aseI
n"Hei
sfrom Russi
a,
""fr
om Russia"i
sapreposi
ti
onal
phrase.

Apr eposi
tionalphraseis 
agroupofwor
dscont
aini
ngapreposi
ti
on,anounorpronoun
objectofthepr eposi
ti
on,andanymodif
ier
soft
heobject
.Apreposi
ti
onsit
sinfr
ontof
(i
s“ pr
e-posit
ioned”before)i
tsobj
ect
.

Exampl
e:Thatpuppyattheparkissohappy.Thepreposi
ti
onalphrase"
att
hepar
k"act
s
adj
ect
ival
l
ybecauseit
'sprovi
dingmoreinf
ormationaboutthepuppy.