Instrument Syllabus - Jan23

Instrument Rating Syllabus
1
Overview
SYLLABUS DESIGN
This syllabus describes a sample ground and flight training program designed to meet the minimum Part 61 FAR
requirements for the Instrument Rating. Rarely do the minimum requirements provide the necessary experience for
certification, therefore the instructor and learner should anticipate additional training time. Where the additional
training is required will vary based on each learner. This syllabus should be used as a general guide rather than a strict
schedule.
GND TRAINING
There are 16 formal ground training lessons that cover the FAR 61.65(b) required Knowledge Areas as well as other
important topics. Certain ground lessons (as shown in the training schedule on page 3) contain information associated
with a specific training flight. These ground lessons are intended to be taught prior to or with the respective flight. These
lessons are shown with a ∞ (indicating they’re tied together) on the training schedule and stage overviews. Otherwise,
the training schedule is flexible, and the lessons can be adjusted to the learner and instructor needs. Ground lessons can
be broken down into smaller pieces and/or combined as required. This schedule assumes the ground school is taught by
the instructor. In the case of a home study course, or group ground training classes, adjust as required.
FLT TRAINING
The flight training is designed to build off prior concepts (both ground and flight), and logically progress through the
Instrument Rating requirements. In addition to the 16 GND lessons, each flight has associated ground-based training
that is specific to that flight and its learning objectives. These topics are shown in each FLT lesson’s Plan of Action.
Each learner and instructor are different, and therefore the flight schedule should be adjusted to meet the specific
user’s needs. It is recommended to keep the associated (∞) GND and FLT lessons mentioned above together.
Remember, the syllabus is designed to meet the FAR minimums. If the learner needs more time with certain procedures
or concepts, take it.
STAGE CHECKS
If possible, the stage checks should be performed by a different instructor and simulate the practical test format to
provide the learner a different instructor’s perspective and to begin preparing the learner for their practical test. The
knowledge review should primarily focus on the knowledge areas associated with the current stage but also include
topics from all prior stages.
POTENTIALLY VAGUE TERMINOLOGY

• Demo/Do: Demo the procedure or maneuver and then have the learner perform (or do) it
• Aim For: In relation to altitude, heading & speed, ‘Aim For’ is a target level of performance to strive for
• Require: In relation to altitude, heading & speed, the learner should be meeting this level of control
• Learner References – ACS Review topics
o K: Knowledge Area
o RM: Risk Management Area
2
Training Schedule
The ∞ symbol indicates that the GND training is tied to the associated FLT. These GND lessons should be completed
prior to/with the associated FLT.
STAGE 1
GND 1: Basic Attitude Instrument Flight ∞ FLT 1: Intro to BAI
GND 2: Flight Systems & Instruments FLT 2: Build on the BAI Basics
GND 3: Aeromedical Factors FLT 3: Magnetic Compass Turns
GND 4: Weather & Weather Services FLT 4: UA’s & Partial Panel
FLT 5: UA’s & Partial Panel – Part 2
FLT 6: BAI Review
GND 5: Nav Systems & Procedures ∞ FLT 7: VOR Navigation
GND 6: FARs, Pubs, & Charts FLT 8: VOR & LOC Navigation
FLT 9: GPS Programming & Navigation
FLT 10: More GPS Navigation
GND 7: Stage 1 Knowledge Review ∞ FLT 11: Stage 1 Check
STAGE 2
GND 8: Holding Procedures ∞ FLT 12: VOR & LOC Holds
FLT 13: More VOR Holds
FLT 14: Intersection Holds
FLT 15: GPS Holds
GND 9: ATC Systems & Procedures FLT 16: Holds Review
GND 10: Instrument Approach Procedures ∞ FLT 17: VOR & LOC Approaches
GND 11: ADM, CRM, & Risk Management FLT 18: ILS Approaches
FLT 19: GPS Approaches
FLT 20: Approaches
GND 12: Emergency Procedures ∞ FLT 21: Partial Panel Approaches
FLT 22: Approach Review
STAGE 3
GND 14: Cross Country Planning & Procedures ∞ FLT 24: Cross Country
FLT 25: Cross Country
FLT 26: Long Cross Country
STAGE 4
FLT 28: Practical Test Prep
FLT 29: More Practical Test Prep
PART 61 TRAINING HOURS

Below are the hour breakdowns that meet the FAR Part 61 minimums. A more detailed flight by flight breakdown can be
found (and edited) in the Excel document. Ground time includes estimated time for the preflight and postflight briefings.
The 30 Aeronautical Knowledge hours cover the topics required in FAR 61.65 and the Part 141 Appendix C 3(b).
DUAL XC GROUND AERO KNOWLEDGE

40 6.8 26.4 30
• Part 141 requires 30 hours of training on the Aeronautical Knowledge areas. There are no minimum training hours
required under Part 61. Adjust as necessary.
3
Recent Updates
Most of the recent updates are indicated with a red bar in the left margin (not shown in the PDF)
To View/Remove the Red Bar in Word, select the Review tab, Track Changes drop down, then Track Changes
DATE LESSON UPDATE
TERMS AND CONDITIONS

The Backseat Pilot Instrument syllabus is for your personal (one user) use, copies may not be provided to others. The content
may not be distributed or claimed as your own and may not be used to create products for sharing or selling.
Thank you for your honesty.
The information contained here is neither guaranteed accurate, nor a substitute for current FAA regulations or any official references. The Backseat
Pilot LLC accepts no liability for the content provided, or the consequences of any actions taken on the basis of the information provided.
All content is © 2023 The Backseat Pilot LLC
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Contents
Instrument Rating Syllabus

Overview ............................................................................................................................................................................. 2
Training Schedule ................................................................................................................................................................ 3
Recent Updates ................................................................................................................................................................... 4
Contents .............................................................................................................................................................................. 5
Stage 1: Instrument Flying & Navigation
GND 1: Basic Attitude Instrument (BAI) Flight .................................................................................................................... 8
GND 2: Flight Systems & Instruments ................................................................................................................................. 9
GND 3: Aeromedical Factors ............................................................................................................................................. 10
GND 4: Weather & Weather Services ............................................................................................................................... 11
GND 5: Nav Systems & Procedures ................................................................................................................................... 12
GND 6: FARs, Pubs & Charts.............................................................................................................................................. 13
GND 7: Stage 1 Knowledge Review ................................................................................................................................... 14
FLT 1: Intro to BAI ............................................................................................................................................................. 15
FLT 2: Build on the BAI Basics ........................................................................................................................................... 16
FLT 3: Magnetic Compass Turns........................................................................................................................................ 17
FLT 4: UAs & Partial Panel ................................................................................................................................................. 18
FLT 5: UAs & Partial Panel – Part 2 ................................................................................................................................... 19
FLT 6: BAI Review .............................................................................................................................................................. 20
FLT 7: VOR Navigation ....................................................................................................................................................... 21
FLT 8: VOR & LOC Navigation ............................................................................................................................................ 22
FLT 9: GPS Programming & Navigation ............................................................................................................................. 23
FLT 10: More GPS Navigation............................................................................................................................................ 24
FLT 11: Stage 1 Check........................................................................................................................................................ 25
Stage 2: Holding & Approaches
GND 8: Holding Procedures .............................................................................................................................................. 27
GND 9: ATC System & Procedures .................................................................................................................................... 28
GND 10: Instrument Approach Procedures ...................................................................................................................... 29
GND 11: ADM, CRM, & Risk Management........................................................................................................................ 30
GND 12: Emergency Operations ....................................................................................................................................... 31
GND 13: Stage 2 Knowledge Review ................................................................................................................................. 32
FLT 12: VOR & LOC Holds .................................................................................................................................................. 33
FLT 13: More VOR Holds ................................................................................................................................................... 34
FLT 14: Intersection Holds................................................................................................................................................. 35
FLT 15: GPS Holds.............................................................................................................................................................. 36
FLT 16: Hold Review .......................................................................................................................................................... 37
5
FLT 17: VOR & LOC Approaches ........................................................................................................................................ 38
FLT 18: ILS Approaches ..................................................................................................................................................... 39
FLT 19: GPS Approaches.................................................................................................................................................... 40
FLT 20: Approaches ........................................................................................................................................................... 41
FLT 21: Partial Panel Approaches ...................................................................................................................................... 42
FLT 22: Approach Review .................................................................................................................................................. 43
FLT 23: Stage 2 Check........................................................................................................................................................ 44
Stage 3: Cross Country
GND 14: Cross Country Planning & Procedures ................................................................................................................ 46
FLT 24: Cross Country........................................................................................................................................................ 48
FLT 25: Cross Country........................................................................................................................................................ 49
FLT 26: Long Cross Country ............................................................................................................................................... 50
FLT 27: Stage 3 Check........................................................................................................................................................ 51
Stage 4: Practical Test Prep
FLT 28: Practical Test Prep ................................................................................................................................................ 54
FLT 29: More Practical Test Prep ...................................................................................................................................... 55
FLT 30: Stage 4 Check........................................................................................................................................................ 56
Practical Test Endorsements ............................................................................................................................................. 57
Appendix
Vertical S Maneuvers ........................................................................................................................................................ 59
Eligibility Requirements .................................................................................................................................................... 60
Aeronautical Experience & Training Requirements .......................................................................................................... 61
Aeronautical Knowledge ................................................................................................................................................... 62
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Stage 1: Instrument Flying & Navigation
OVERVIEW
In stage 1, the learner progresses through basic attitude instrument flight maneuvers and navigation procedures and
concepts in preparation to apply these skills in real world IFR flying.
NOTES
-Other than GND 1, 5 & 7, which are tied to the BAI flight, navigation procedures and the stage check, all other GND
training can be moved as desired. All GND lessons should be completed prior to GND 7.
-Include autopilot use and NDB navigation, as applicable
TRAINING SCHEDULE
GND 1: Basic Attitude Instrument Flight ∞ FLT 1: Intro to BAI
GND 2: Flight Systems & Instruments FLT 2: Build on the BAI Basics
GND 3: Aeromedical Factors FLT 3: Magnetic Compass Turns
GND 4: Weather & Weather Services FLT 4: UA’s & Partial Panel
FLT 5: UA’s & Partial Panel – Part 2
FLT 6: BAI Review
GND 5: Nav Systems & Procedures ∞ FLT 7: VOR Navigation
GND 6: FARs, Pubs, & Charts FLT 8: VOR & LOC Navigation
LESSON INSTRUMENT CROSS COUNTRY GROUND

FLT 1: Intro to BAI 1.1 1.2
FLT 2: Build on the BAI Basics 1.1 1.2
FLT 3: Magnetic Compass Turns 1.1 0.8
FLT 4: UA’s & Partial Panel 1.1 1.3
FLT 5: UA’s & Partial Panel – Part 2 1.1 0.8
FLT 6: BAI Review 1.3 0.5
FLT 7: VOR Navigation 1.1 1.2
FLT 8: VOR & LOC Navigation 1.1 1.0
FLT 9: GPS Programming & Navigation 1.1 1.2
FLT 10: More GPS Navigation 1.1 1.0
FLT 11: Stage 1 Check 1.5 0.5
TOTALS 12.7 - 10.7
COMPLETION STANDARDS
All training ground and flight training is completed satisfactorily. The learner meets the require standards in basic aircraft
control and navigation procedures.
7
GND 1: Basic Attitude Instrument (BAI) Flight
TIME: 2.0 hours
INSTRUCTOR REFERENCES LEARNER REFERENCES

• CFII Lesson Plans • Instrument Flying Handbook
o VI.A-E. BAI Flight – Control & Performance o Ch. 6 Sec 1: Attitude Inst Flying (analog)
o Ch. 6 Sec 2: Attitude Inst Flying (electronic)
• Instrument ACS Review
o IV.A. Instrument Flight
OVERVIEW
This lesson introduces the learner to the concepts associated with the control and performance method of instrument
flying. The student is introduced to the instrument crosscheck, and establish, trim, crosscheck, adjust methodology
which is then applied to basic flight maneuvers.
NOTES
- Tied (∞) to FLT 1: Basic Attitude Instrument Flight
-Lesson VI.A-E. is intended to be used here. The individual lessons (A, B, C, etc.) discuss the primary and supporting
method to match the Instrument Flying Handbook text and the CFII PTS requirements and can be skipped. The control
and performance method is far simpler and more widely used.
PLAN OF ACTION
1. BAI Flight (VI.A-E.) 2. Flight Maneuvers (VI.A-E.)

A. Control & Performance A. Straight-and-Level
B. Establish, Trim, Crosscheck, Adjust B. Constant Airspeed Climbs & Descents
C. Constant Rate Climbs & Descents
D. Turns to Headings
OBJECTIVE / COMPLETION STANDARDS

The learner understands the control and performance concepts and is ready to apply the knowledge to basic flight
maneuvers in the aircraft.
8
GND 2: Flight Systems & Instruments
TIME: 2.0 hours

o II.A. Flight Instruments & Navigation Systems o Ch. 5: Flight Instruments
o III.C. Instrument Cockpit Check • Instrument ACS Review
o X.A. Postflight Procedures o II.A. Systems Related to IFR Operation
• POH o II.B. Flight Instruments & Nav Equipment
▪ K1: General Op of Flight Instruments
▪ RM3: Common Failure Modes
o II.C. Instrument Flight Deck Check
o VIII.A. Checking Instruments & Equipment
• POH
OVERVIEW
The learner is introduced to the operation of the different flight instruments and systems, as well as the instrument
preflight and postflight inspections, why they’re done, and what to look for.
NOTES
-Planned to be completed with/prior to FLT 2: Build on the BAI Basics
PLAN OF ACTION
1. Flight Instruments (II.A.1.) E. OAT, Clock, & Pitot Heat

A. Pitot Static Systems F. Electronic Flight Display
B. Gyro Systems G. Traffic & Terrain Awareness
C. RMI & HSI (as required) H. FMS & Autopilot
D. Magnetic Compass 3. Flight Systems (II.A.)
2. Instrument Cockpit Check (III.C.) A. Anti-Ice/Deice
A. Comm & Nav Equipment 4. Post Flight Procedures (X.A.)
B. Magnetic Compass A. Checking Instruments & Equipment
C. Pitot Static Instruments
D. Gyro Instruments

The learner gains an understanding of how the airplane’s flight instruments operate, as well as what to look for during
the preflight and postflight inspection. Following the discussion, the learner can answer questions based on the material
and can start performing the inspections with instructor supervision.
9
GND 3: Aeromedical Factors
TIME: 1.0 hours

• CFII Lesson Plans • Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge
o II.B. Aeromedical Factors o Ch. 17: Aeromedical Factors
o I.A. Pilot Qualifications
▪ RM3 Flight Fitness & Physiological Factors
OVERVIEW
A review of the health and physiological factors that can influence a pilot and their ability to fly safely, especially in IMC
conditions.
NOTES
-Planned to be completed with/prior to FLT 3: Magnetic Compass Turns
PLAN OF ACTION
1. Aeromedical Factors (II.B.)

A. Hypoxia
B. Hyperventilation
C. Middle Ear & Sinus
D. Spatial Disorientation
E. Illusions
F. Motion Sickness
G. Carbon Monoxide Poisoning
H. Fatigue & Stress
I. Dehydration
J. Alcohol & Other Drugs
K. Nitrogen & Scuba Diving
L. IM SAFE

The learner obtains an understanding of the various factors that can affect human physiology in flight, and how to
prevent and/or counter any adverse conditions.
10
GND 4: Weather & Weather Services
TIME: 2.5 hours

o III.A. Weather Information o Ch. 10: IFR Flight (pgs. 22-25)
o III.A. Weather Theory • Aviation Weather Services (AC 00-45)
o Ch. 3: Observations
o Ch. 4: Analysis
o Ch. 5: Forecasts
o I.B. Weather Information
OVERVIEW
Basic weather theory explaining various weather phenomena followed by weather reports and charts provided to the
pilot for planning and decision making.
NOTES
-Planned to be completed with/prior to FLT 4: UAs & Partial Panel
-There are two lessons titled III.A. in the CFI lesson plans. III.A. Weather Information is the PTS required information.
III.A. Weather Theory is additional important information. Both lessons are used here.
-Aviation Weather Services is an exceptionally long read. Time likely does not permit the learner to review all applicable
information. The learner can skim over it to get familiar with different weather reports, charts, and information.
PLAN OF ACTION
1. Weather Theory (III.A.) 2. Weather Information (III.A.)

A. Atmospheric Composition A. Weather Briefing
B. Wind B. Weather Sources
C. Temperature C. Reports & Charts
D. Moisture & Precipitation D. In-Flight Weather Advisories
E. Weather System Formation E. Recognizing Weather Hazards
F. Clouds F. Go / No Go Decision
G. Turbulence G. Alternate Requirements
H. Thunderstorms & Microbursts
I. Frost & Icing
J. Fog

The learner gains an understanding of weather’s effects on flight and can obtain a proper weather briefing, competently
and thoroughly analyze the expected weather, and use the information to make an educated go / no go decision.
11
GND 5: Nav Systems & Procedures
TIME: 2.0 hours

o II.A. Flight Instruments & Navigation Systems o Ch. 9: Navigation Systems
o III.C. Instrument Cockpit Check • Instrument Procedures Handbook
o VII.A. Intercepting & Tracking Navigational o Ch. 6: Airborne Navigation Databases
Systems & DME Arcs • AIM
• POH o Ch. 1: Air Navigation
o II.B. Flight Instruments & Navigation Equip
▪ K2: Navigation Instruments
▪ RM 1-4
• POH
OVERVIEW
An overview of the different types of navigation systems and their preflight procedures.
NOTES
-Tied (∞) to FLT 7: VOR Navigation
-Can skip navigation equipment that is not applicable to the aircraft/learner
PLAN OF ACTION
1. Navigation Systems & Procedures (II.A.2) 2. Intercepting & Tracking Nav Systems & Arcs
A. VOR A. Tracking with the VOR
B. DME B. VOR Tips
C. ILS C. Intercepting & Maintaining a Course
D. ADF D. Intercepting & Maintaining a DME Arc
E. GPS 3. Navigation Systems Preflight (III.C.2.)
A. Navigation Equipment

The learner gains an understanding of the different types of navigation equipment in their aircraft, the equipment’s
operation, VOR navigation concepts, and the associated preflight procedures.
12
GND 6: FARs, Pubs & Charts
TIME: 2.0 hours

• FARs, AIM • Instrument Flying Handbook
• Aviation Publications o Ch. 1: Natl Airspace Sys (pgs. 6-10, 12-32)
• CFII Lesson Plans • FARs
o II.C. Regs & Pubs Related to IFR Ops • AIM
• Aviation Publications
o I.A. Pilot Qualifications
▪ K1-5
▪ RM1-2
OVERVIEW
A review of the FARs and commonly used aviation publications so that the learner understands where the governing
information is located, and where to find specific information going forward.
NOTES
-Planned to be completed with/prior to FLT 8: VOR & LOC Navigation
-There can be A LOT of information in this lesson. Be careful not to overwhelm the learner with copious details that
don’t necessarily apply at this point of the training. Teach them what they need to know and where to find important
information going forward
PLAN OF ACTION
1. 14 CFR and Publications (II.C.) 4. FAR Part 95 – IFR Altitudes (II.C.)

2. FAR Part 61 (II.C.) 5. FAR Part 97 – Standard Inst Procedures (II.C.)
A. Instrument Rating Requirements 6. Publications (II.C.)
B. Recency of Experience A. AIM
C. Record Keeping B. Instrument Flying Handbook
D. Privileges & Limitations C. Instrument Procedures Handbook
3. FAR Part 91 (II.C.) D. Aviation Weather Services
A. Can the Airplane Fly IFR E. ACS / PTS
B. Preflight F. Chart Supplement
C. Departure 7. Charts (II.C.)
D. Enroute A. TPP
E. Approaches B. Departures & Arrivals
F. ILS Components C. Instrument Approach Procedures
G. Landing
H. Missed Approach Procedures
I. Procedure Turns

The learner gains an understanding of the FARs and various important and commonly used aviation publications and can
apply them as needed to future flights. The learner also understands and can apply airworthiness concepts.
13
GND 7: Stage 1 Knowledge Review
TIME: 1.5 hours

• Instrument ACS • POH
• CFII Lesson Plans • AIM
• Instrument ACS Review • Instrument ACS
• Instrument ACS Review (The Backseat Pilot)
• Instrument Flying Handbook
• Instrument Procedures Handbook
OVERVIEW
Review Stage 1 concepts with the learner. Structure similar to the ground portion of the practical test.
NOTES
-Tied (∞) to FLT 11: Stage 1 Check
PLAN OF ACTION
1. Knowledge Review

The learner demonstrates their understanding of Stage 1 aeronautical knowledge concepts. Any/all inconsistencies are
reviewed and corrected with the instructor.
14
FLT 1: Intro to BAI
INSTRUMENT CROSS-COUNTRY GROUND

1.1 - 1.2
REFERENCES
• VI.A-E. BAI Flight – Control & Performance
• VI.B. Turns: Section 2 (Standard rate turns)
OVERVIEW
Begin the lesson with a review of proper procedures for exchanging flight controls followed by a discussion of
standard rate turns. Review BAI procedures and aircraft specific pitch and power settings, and airspeeds from GND
1: BAI Flight. Airborne, introduce the learner to basic attitude instrument flight and build the foundation for a solid
crosscheck.
NOTES
-Tied (∞) to GND 1: Basic Attitude Instrument (BAI) Flight
PLAN OF ACTION
Ground Discussion Instrument Flight

• Positive exchange of flight controls • Constant airspeed climb
• Basic flight maneuvers review (VI.A-E.) • Straight-and-level flight
• Standard rate turns (VI.B. Turns: Section 2) • Turns to headings (standard rate)
• Applicable pitch & power settings, & airspeeds • Climbs & Descents (constant speed & rate)
• Vertical S: A & B (appendix) o Straight & turning
• Flight Overview • Vertical S: A & B (see appendix)
o Airport diagram • Slow flight
o Enroute charts (as required) • Power on & off stalls
o Maneuvers • Constant rate descent
• Expectations & responsibilities (learner/instructor)
• What the learner should learn Debrief
• Review the flight
Pre-Flight • What went well?
• Weather briefing, NOTAMs, TFRs, etc. • What can be improved?
• What’s next

The learner should come away with a foundation for basic attitude instrument flight and their instrument
crosscheck. Aim for ± 150’, 15 knots, and 15o.
15
FLT 2: Build on the BAI Basics

1.1 - 1.3
REFERENCES
• II.C. Regs & Pubs related to IFR Ops (2.C.) • VI.A-E. BAI Flight – Control & Performance
• III.C. Instrument Cockpit Check • VI.G. Steep Turns
OVERVIEW
In the ground discussion, review the IFR preflight procedures and required instruments. In flight, continue building
BAI flight skills and crosscheck skills with a review of basic maneuvers, progressing into new and more advanced
maneuvers.
NOTES
-Planned to be completed with GND 2: Flight Systems & Instruments
-If possible, and safe, consider “vectoring” the learner to final, slowing and configuring on the way (like an
instrument approach). Finish with a visual landing.
PLAN OF ACTION

• Instrument check (III.C.) • Constant airspeed climb
• IFR required instruments (II.C.) • Straight-and-level
• Steep turns (VI.G.) • Turns to headings
• Changing airspeeds (VI.A-E.) • Vertical S: C & D
• Review pitch & power settings, & airspeeds • Steep turns
• Vertical S: C & D (appendix) • Changing airspeeds
• Flight Overview o Straight & turning
o Airport diagram • Power on & off stalls
o Enroute charts (as required) • Constant airspeed descent
o Maneuvers
• Expectations & responsibilities (learner/instructor) Debrief
• What the learner should learn • Review the flight
• What went well?
Pre-Flight • What can be improved?
• Weather briefing, NOTAMs, TFRs, etc. • What’s next

The learner should become more comfortable with BAI flight, building off the concepts and maneuvers in FLT 1. Aim
for ± 150’, 15 knots, and 15o.
16
FLT 3: Magnetic Compass Turns

1.1 - 0.8
REFERENCES
• II.A. Flight Instruments & Nav Equipment (1.l.)
• VI.F. Timed turns to Mag Compass Headings
OVERVIEW
An overview of the magnetic compass. Once airborne, review prior BAI maneuvers as desired, then transition to the
Vertical S: C & D maneuvers prior to focusing on the magnetic compass.
NOTES
-Planned to be completed with GND 3: Aeromedical Factors
PLAN OF ACTION

• Magnetic compass review (II.A.) • Constant airspeed climb & turns
o Operation • Review basic maneuvers, as desired
o Errors • Vertical S: C & D
o Timed turns • Changing airspeeds (or slow flight)
• Flight Overview • Steep turns
o Airport diagram • Compass turns to headings
o Enroute charts (as required) • Timed compass turns to headings
o Maneuvers • “Vector” to land (see Notes)
• Expectations & responsibilities (learner/instructor)
• What the learner should learn Debrief
• IFR flight plan • What can be improved?
• IFR clearance
• Program GPS, Navaids, Comms

BAI flight and crosscheck continues to improve. Aircraft control becomes more precise. The learner can apply
magnetic compass concepts and errors during flight. Aim for ± 150’, 15 knots, and 15o.
17
FLT 4: UAs & Partial Panel

1.1 - 1.3
REFERENCES
• VI.H. Recovery from Unusual Flight Attitudes
• IX.B. Approach with Loss of Primary Flight
Instrument Indications
OVERVIEW
Introduce full panel unusual attitudes and partial panel basic flight skills. Airborne, review full panel maneuvers as
desired, finishing with unusual attitudes. From there, introduce basic partial panel BAI flying skills, transitioning to
more complex partial panel flying.
NOTES
-Planned to be completed with GND 4: Weather & Weather Services
-Vertical S: B & C are listed in the Plan of Action, adjust the level of complexity as desired
- If possible, and safe, consider “vectoring” the learner to final, slowing and configuring on the way (like an
PLAN OF ACTION
Ground Discussion • Unusual attitudes

• Partial panel procedures (IX.B.) • Partial panel
• Unusual attitudes (VI.H.) o Straight-and-level
• Flight Overview o Compass turns
o Airport diagram o Climbs & Descents
o Enroute chart(s) (where we’re flying) o Vertical S: B & C
o Maneuvers o Changing airspeeds (straight & turning)
• Expectations & responsibilities (learner/instructor) o Slow flight, if desired
• What the learner should learn o “Vector” to land
Pre-Flight Debrief
• Weather briefing, NOTAMs, TFRs, etc. • Review the flight
• What went well?
Instrument Flight • What can be improved?
• BAI review, as required • What’s next
• Vertical S: D

Full panel flight skills continue to become more precise. The learner is anticipating control inputs for increasingly
precise airplane control. The learner understands the partial panel crosscheck and can maintain basic control. Aim
for ± 150’, 15 knots, and 15o.
18
FLT 5: UAs & Partial Panel – Part 2

1.1 - 0.8
REFERENCES
• VI.H. Recovery from Unusual Flight Attitudes
• IX.B. Approach with Loss of Primary Flight Instrument
Indications
OVERVIEW
Review UAs (full and partial panel) and any other pertinent topics during the ground discussion. Like FLT 4, review
full panel maneuvers and unusual attitudes then transition to partial panel flying, adding in stalls and unusual
attitudes.
NOTES
PLAN OF ACTION
Ground Discussion • Partial panel

• UAs & Partial panel, as required (VI.H. & IX.B.) o Basic flight maneuvers
• Flight overview o Vertical S: D
o Airport diagram o Steep turns
o Enroute charts o Changing airspeeds
o Maneuvers o Power on & off stalls
• Expectations & responsibilities (learner/instructor) o Unusual attitudes
• What the learner should learn o Constant rate descent
o “Vector” to land (see Notes)
Pre-Flight
• Weather briefing, NOTAMs, TFRs, etc. Debrief
Instrument Flight • What went well?
• Constant airspeed climb • What can be improved?
• Vertical S: D • What’s next
• BAI review, as desired
• Unusual attitudes

The learner has built a strong instrument crosscheck and maintains aircraft control at a minimum of ± 150’, 15 knots,
and 15o. They can safely and competently fly both full and partial panel.
19
FLT 6: BAI Review

1.3 - 0.5
REFERENCES
• As required
OVERVIEW
Review ground and flight concepts as required to ensure a solid BAI flight foundation for the learner to build on.
NOTES
-If the learner is competent in BAI flight, this flight can be skipped and used as desired later in the program (i.e.,
more navigation, holds or approach practice, additional cross-country time, etc.)
PLAN OF ACTION

• As required • Partial panel
• Flight overview o Basic flight maneuvers
o Airport diagram o Vertical S: D
o Enroute charts o Steep turns
o Maneuvers o Changing airspeeds
• Expectations & responsibilities (learner/instructor) o Power on & off stalls
• What the learner should learn o Unusual attitudes
• Constant rate descent – full or partial
Pre-Flight • “Vector” to land – full or partial
• Weather briefing, NOTAMs, TFRs, etc.
Debrief
Instrument Flight • Review the flight
• Constant airspeed climb • What went well?
• Review maneuvers, as desired • What can be improved?
• Vertical S: D • What’s next

The learner maintains ± 150’, 15 knots, and 15o through all maneuvers, anticipating control inputs and staying ahead
of the aircraft. Aim for ± 100’, 10 knots, and 10o going forward.
20
FLT 7: VOR Navigation

1.1 - 1.2
REFERENCES
• II.A. Flight Instruments & Nav Equipment • VII.A. Intercepting & Tracking Nav Sys & Arcs
• V.A. Air Traffic Control Clearances • VIII.A. Non-Precision Instrument Approach
OVERVIEW
The intent is to allow the learner to see the IFR flight plan process and learn VOR navigation concepts. Walk the
learner through filing and picking up an IFR flight plan, and review VOR procedures from GND 3 as necessary. In the
plane, pick up the clearance, and demonstrate basic comm setup and procedures. Demonstrate a VOR test, then
focus on VOR navigation. Returning to land, demonstrate and talk through a VOR approach, emphasizing big picture
non-precision approach concepts.
NOTES
-Tied (∞) to GND 5: Nav Systems & Procedures
-If possible, and practical, file a flight plan to the practice area, cancel IFR and practice VOR navigation.
-The intent is not to teach full VOR approach procedures, just big picture basics (Freq/Course, 5 T’s, altitudes, etc.)
PLAN OF ACTION

• VOR procedures, as necessary (II.A. & VII.A.) • VOR Procedures
o Tune, Identify, Monitor o TIM
o Intercepting & tracking radials o Direct to
• VOR approach basics (VIII.A.) o VOR passage
• 5 T’s (VIII.A.) o Intercepting radials / Orientation
• ATC Clearance / C-R-A-F-T (V.A.) • Constant airspeed / rate descent
• Flight overview • VOR approach (CFI demo)
o Airport diagram, enroute charts, maneuvers
• Expectations & responsibilities (learner/instructor) Debrief
• What went well?
• IFR flight plan (CFI demo) • What’s next
• Weather briefing, NOTAMs, TFRs, etc. (CFI demo)
• IFR clearance (CFI demo)
• Setup navaids & comms (CFI demo)
• VOR test (CFI demo)

The learner can TIM a desired VOR and intercept given radials inbound or outbound, recognizing station passage,
and maintaining orientation. Aim for ± 100’, 10 knots, and 10o.
21
FLT 8: VOR & LOC Navigation

1.1 - 1.0
REFERENCES
• II.A. Flight Instruments & Nav Equipment • VII.A. Intercepting & Tracking Nav Sys & Arcs
• V.A. Air Traffic Control Clearances • VIII.A. Non-Precision Instrument Approach
• V.B. Compliance with Departure, … Procedures
OVERVIEW
The intent of this lesson is to lightly introduce the learner to departure procedures and LOC approach procedures
while continuing to build VOR tracking skills and understanding of IFR operations. The learner should work with the
instructor to file an IFR flight plan to depart on a VOR departure procedure. Have the learner obtain the clearance
and set up the navaids and comms. Once the departure exercise is complete, practice intercepting radials as well as
DME arcs. Finish with ATC vectors to a CFI demoed localizer approach.
NOTES
-Planned to be completed with GND 6: FARS, Pubs, & Charts
-If a departure procedure is not an option, consider filing a flight plan using VOR navigation to the practice area
PLAN OF ACTION

• Departure procedures (V.B.) • VOR departure procedure (if available)
• DME arcs … (VII.A.) • VOR Procedures
• LOC approach basics (VIII.A.) o TIM
• Flight overview o Intercepting radials
o Airport diagram o DME arcs
o Enroute charts o Partial panel
o Maneuvers • Constant airspeed or rate descent
• Expectations & responsibilities (learner/instructor) • LOC approach (CFI demo)
• What the learner should learn
Post-Flight
Pre-Flight • Review the flight
• IFR flight plan • What went well?
• IFR clearance • What’s next
• Setup navaids & comms

The learner builds on their VOR skills with the ability to maintain a DME arc ± 1 nm. Aim for ± 100’, 10 knots, and 10o.
22

1.1 - 1.2
REFERENCES
• II.A. Flight Instruments & Nav Equipment
• VIII.A. Non-Precision Instrument Approach
OVERVIEW
Introduce the learner to GPS programming and navigation procedures on the ground and in flight. Review concepts
from GND 3, as required. Finish the lesson with a CFI demoed GPS approach.
NOTES
-File and pick up an IFR flight plan based on GPS navigation
-Once programmed correctly, GPS tracking is relatively straight forward (just follow the magenta line). Give the
learner some time to see GPS tracking in flight (course sensitivity, time and distance remaining, leading turns, etc.),
but focus more on properly programming the GPS
PLAN OF ACTION

• GPS procedures (II.A.2.E & Manufacturer content) • Departure procedure
• GPS approach (VIII.A. & Manufacturer content) • VOR review, if required
• Flight overview • GPS Procedures
o Airport diagram o Intercepting & tracking
o Enroute charts o Direct to
o Maneuvers o Programming
• Expectations & responsibilities (learner/instructor) • Constant airspeed / rate descent
• What the learner should learn • GPS approach (CFI demo)
Pre-Flight Debrief
• IFR flight plan • Review the flight
• Weather briefing, NOTAMs, TFRs, etc. • What went well?
• IFR clearance • What can be improved?
• Setup GPS, navaids & comms (CFI demo) • What’s next

The learner understands basic GPS operation and programming. They can intercept and track desired courses,
proceed direct to a fix, and adjusting basic programming as required. Aim for ± 100’, 10 knots, and 10o.
23

1.1 - 1.0
REFERENCES
• V.B. Compliance with Departure, … Procedures
• VIII.B. Precision Instrument Approach
OVERVIEW
Build on FLT 9 with a review of GPS programming and procedures, transitioning to more complicated GPS
operations. Finish the lesson with a CFI demoed ILS approach (load it in the GPS for reference).
NOTES
-File and pickup an IFR flight plan based on GPS navigation
PLAN OF ACTION

• GPS departure basics (V.B. & Manufacturer) • GPS departure procedure (if available)
• GPS arcs (Manufacturer content) • Prior concepts review, as required
• Loading a GPS approach (Manufacturer content) • GPS Procedures
• ILS Basics (VIII.B.) o Intercepting & tracking
• Flight overview o Arcs
o Airport diagram o Direct to
o Enroute charts o Partial panel
o Maneuvers • Constant airspeed / rate descent
• Expectations & responsibilities (learner/instructor) • ILS approach (demo)
Post-Flight
• Setup GPS, navaids & comms

The learner builds on their GPS knowledge and flying abilities. They can program and fly departure procedures, arcs
± 0.5 nm, and partial panel while maintaining a target of ± 100’, 10 knots, and 10o.
24
FLT 11: Stage 1 Check

1.5 - 0.5
REFERENCES
• As required
OVERVIEW
A review of all the concepts and procedures learned in Stage 1 to solidify the learner’s flying abilities and get them
comfortable with the practical test mentality and process. Review maneuvers and navigation concepts. Post-flight,
discuss strengths and weaknesses and areas to focus on going forward.
NOTES
-Tied (∞) to GND 5: Stage 1 Knowledge Review
PLAN OF ACTION

• Flight overview • Partial panel
o Airport diagram, enroute charts, maneuvers o Basic flight maneuvers
• Expectations & responsibilities (learner/instructor) o Compass turns (timed)
• What the learner should learn o Unusual attitudes
• VOR navigation (intercept & track)
Pre-Flight • GPS navigation (program & track)
• Weather briefing, NOTAMs, TFRs, etc. • Constant airspeed descent
Debrief
Instrument Flight • Review the flight
• Constant airspeed climb • What went well?
• Vertical S: D • What can be improved?
• Steep turns • What’s next
• Changing airspeeds

The learner stays ahead of the airplane, competently and safely performing all maneuvers and procedures without
instructor assistance. Safety is not in question. The learner maintains ± 100’, 10o heading, 10 knots.
25
Stage 2: Holding & Approaches
OVERVIEW
The learner progresses from basic control and navigation into holding and instrument approach procedures in stage 2.
NOTES
-GND 8, 11, 12, & 13 should be completed prior to their associated flight (12, 17, 21, & 23)
-FLT lessons 12-16 focus on holds while touching on approach procedures (generally 3 holds with 1 approach), while
lessons 17-22 will focus on approaches while touching on holds (3-4 approaches with 1 hold)
TRAINING SCHEDULE
GND 8: Holding Procedures ∞ FLT 12: VOR & LOC Holds
FLT 15: GPS Holds
GND 9: ATC Systems & Procedures FLT 16: Hold Review
GND 10: Instrument Approach Procedures ∞ FLT 17: VOR & LOC Approaches
GND 11: ADM, CRM, & Risk Management FLT 18: ILS Approaches
FLT 20: Approaches
GND 12: Emergency Procedures ∞ FLT 21: Partial Panel Approaches

FLT 12: VOR & LOC Holds 1.1 1.0
FLT 13: More VOR Holds 1.1 0.8
FLT 14: Intersection Holds 1.1 1.0
FLT 15: GPS Holds 1.1 1.0
FLT 16: Hold Review 1.3 0.5
FLT 17: VOR & LOC Approaches 1.2 1.0
FLT 18: ILS Approaches 1.2 1.0
FLT 19: GPS Approaches 1.2 1.0
FLT 20: Approaches 1.2 0.8
FLT 21: Partial Panel Approaches 1.2 1.3
FLT 22: Approach Review 1.3 0.5
TOTALS 14.5 - 10.4
The learner can independently fly holding and approach procedures, file and obtain a flight plan, and communicate with
ATC.
26
GND 8: Holding Procedures
TIME: 2.0 hours

o VII.B. Holding Procedures o Ch. 10: IFR Flight (pgs. 10-13)
o Ch. 2: Enroute Operations (pgs. 51-52)
o Ch. 3: Arrivals (pg. 21)
• AIM
o 5-3-8: Holding
o 5-4-6(e)(8): Arrival Holding
o III.B. Holding Procedures
OVERVIEW
The learner is introduced to holding procedures and concepts.
NOTES
-Tied (∞) to FLT 12: VOR & LOC Holds
PLAN OF ACTION
1. Holding Procedures (VII.B.)

A. Holding Basics
B. Holding Instructions
C. Hold Entry Procedures
D. Navigation Equipment
E. Arrival at the Holding Fix
F. Timing
G. Wind Drift Correction
H. DME in a Hold
I. Lost Communications

The learner understands holding instructions, and based on those instructions can draw a hold, select the proper entry,
and describe the procedures to enter and fly the holding pattern.
27
GND 9: ATC System & Procedures
TIME: 2.5 hours

o V.X. The ATC System o Ch. 2: The ATC System
o V.A. Air Traffic Control Clearances o Ch. 10: IFR Flight (pgs. 1-10)
o V.B. Compliance with Departure, Enroute & • Instrument Procedures Handbook
Arrival Procedures & Clearances o Ch. 1: Departure Procedures
• TPP: Departure & Arrival Charts o Ch. 2: Enroute Operations
• Low & High Alt Enroute Charts o Ch. 3: Arrivals
• Aeronautical Chart User’s Guide • AIM
o 4-4: ATC Clearances and Aircraft Separation
o 5-2, 3 & 4: Dep, Enroute & Arrival Procedures
o 5-5: Pilot/Controller Roles & Responsibilities
o III.A. Compliance with ATC Clearances
o V.B. Departure, Enroute & Arrival Operations
OVERVIEW
An overview of the ATC system, ATC clearance, and ATC procedures to provide an understanding of the IFR system.
NOTES
-Planned to be completed with/prior to FLT 16: Hold Review
-A LOT of reading for the learner. Plan ahead for this.
-Radio Communication failure (part of lesson V.B.) is covered in other GND lessons and should be skipped here
PLAN OF ACTION
1. ATC System (V.X.) 3. Compliance with Procedures & Clearances (V.B.)

A. Communication Facilities A. Departure Procedures
B. Control Sequence B. Enroute Procedures
2. ATC Clearances (V.A.) C. STAR Procedures
A. What is it D. NAVAIDS (DP, Enroute, STAR)
B. Obtaining an IFR Clearance E. Pilot Reports
C. Pilot & Controller Responsibilities F. MFD Situational Awareness
D. Setting Com and Nav Frequencies G. ADS-B Basics
E. Tower Enroute Control

The learner obtains an understanding of the ATC system and procedures required to operate in it. They can apply this
knowledge to the training flights and future cross-country flights.
28
GND 10: Instrument Approach Procedures
TIME: 2.0 hours

o VIII.A. Non-Precision Approach o Ch. 1: Natl Airspace Sys (pgs. 12-end)
o VIII.B. Precision Approach o Ch. 10: IFR Flight (pgs. 13-22)
o VIII.C. Missed Approach • Instrument Procedures Handbook
o VIII.D. Circling Approach o Ch. 4: Approaches
o VIII.E. Landing from a Straight-In Approach o Ch. 10: IFR Flight (pgs. 13-22)
o VIII.X. Procedure Turns • AIM
• TPP o 5-4-5: Instrument Approach Procedure Charts
o Various Approach Charts o 5-4-6: Approach Clearance
o 5-4-7: Instrument Approach Procedures
o 5-4-9: Procedure Turn & Hold in Lieu of PT
o VI.A. Non-Precision Approach
o VI.B. Precision Approach
o VI.C. Missed Approach
o VI.D. Circling Approach
o VI.E. Landing from an Instrument Approach
OVERVIEW
A discussion of the concepts and procedures associated with non-precision and precision instrument approaches, as well
as missed approaches, circling approaches, procedure turns, and landing from an instrument approach.
NOTES
-Tied (∞) to FLT 17: VOR & LOC Approaches
PLAN OF ACTION
1. Normal Approach Procedures (VIII.A. & B.) E. How to Circle

A. Non-Precision Approach F. Circling & Missed Approaches
B. Precision Approach G. ATC Compliance
2. Missed Approach Procedures (VIII.C.) 4. VIII.X. Procedure Turns
A. What is it A. Types of Procedure Turns
B. When is it Required B. When not to use a Procedure Turn
C. Flying the Missed Approach C. Additional Details
D. Required Reports 5. Landing from an Approach (VIII.E.)
E. Unable to Comply A. Required Visibility
3. Circling Approaches (VIII.D.) B. Transitioning to Visual Flight
A. What is it C. Stable Approach
B. When to use it D. Checklists
C. Approach Charts E. ATC Advisories
D. Protected Circling Area

The learner gains an understanding of weather’s effects on flight and can obtain a proper weather briefing, competently
and thoroughly analyze the expected weather, and use the information to make an educated go / no go decision.
29
GND 11: ADM, CRM, & Risk Management
TIME: 1.5 hours

• CFII Lesson Plans • Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge
o XV.I. ADM, CRM, & Risk Management o Ch. 2: Aeronautical Decision-Making
OVERVIEW
One of the most important topics in aviation, taught at all levels (Private through ATP, airlines, military). This lesson
discusses the concepts related to the ADM, SRM/CRM, and risk management in relation to flight.
NOTES
-Planned to be completed with/prior to FLT 18: Approaches
PLAN OF ACTION
1. ADM, CRM, & Risk Management

A. ADM
B. Hazardous Attitudes
C. Stress
D. Risk Assessment & Management
E. SRM / CRM
F. Decision Making Process
G. Evaluation

The learner gains an understanding of aeronautical decision making and crew resource management and can begin to
apply techniques to recognize and correct potential threats and errors. Additionally, the learner understands the
concept of risk in relation to aviation and has the tools to decide when to accept risk, how much to accept, and how to
mitigate risk.
30
GND 12: Emergency Operations
TIME: 1.5 hours

o IX.A. Loss of Communications o Ch. 11: Emergency Procedures
o IX.B. Partial Panel • Instrument Procedures Handbook
o Appendix A: A1-A6
• AIM
o 6-4: Two-way Radio Communications Failure
o VII.A. Loss of Communications
o VII.D. Partial Panel
OVERVIEW
An overview of IFR specific emergencies (lost comms and partial panel approaches) and how to handle them.
NOTES
-Tied (∞) to FLT 21: Partial Panel Approaches
PLAN OF ACTION
1. Loss of Communications 2. Partial Panel

A. Recognizing Lost Coms A. Recognition
B. Continuing IFR vs VFR B. Transition to Partial Panel
C. CFRs C. Notifying ATC
D. Approaches D. Restoring the Instruments
E. Flying an Approach

The learner understands the concepts and procedures associated with a loss of communications and/or a loss of primary
flight instrument indicators and can apply them in flight.
31
TIME: 1.5 hours

• Aeronautical Chart User’s Guide
OVERVIEW
Ground based knowledge review of Stage 1 and 2 concepts. Structure similar to the ground portion of the practical test.
NOTES
PLAN OF ACTION
1. Knowledge Review

The learner demonstrates their understanding of Stage 1 and 2 aeronautical knowledge concepts. Inconsistencies are
32
FLT 12: VOR & LOC Holds

1.1 - 1.0
REFERENCES
• VII.B. Holding Procedures
OVERVIEW
Review holding procedures from GND 6, as required, as well as LOC approach procedures. For the flight, plan two
VOR holds, and a localizer hold, using each of the hold entries and varying the turn direction. End with a learner
flown LOC approach (demo an approach, if necessary).
NOTES
-Tied (∞) to GND 8: Holding Procedures
-Demo obtaining an approach clearance while in flight (practice approach or actual IFR)
-Include a departure procedure, if possible and practical
PLAN OF ACTION

• Holding procedures & entries (VII.B.) • Departure procedure, as able
• 5 Ts (VIII.A.) • VOR holds
• LOC approach procedures (VIII.A.) o 2 holds, multiple entries
• Flight overview • LOC hold
o Airport diagram
• LOC approach
o Enroute charts
o Approach chart
• Expectations & responsibilities (learner & instructor) Post-Flight
• What went well?
• IFR flight plan, as able • What’s next
• IFR clearance

The learner builds a foundation for holding and LOC approach procedures and can properly enter and fly holds and a
LOC approach with instructor assistance. Aim for ± 100’, 10 knots, and 10o heading during the hold, and +100/-0’, no
more than ¾ scale deflection, and +10/-5 knots on the approach.
33

1.1 - 0.8
REFERENCES
OVERVIEW
Continue building VOR holding abilities with 3 VOR holds using different hold entries and turn directions. Finish the
lesson with a learner flown VOR approach.
NOTES
-Include a departure procedure when possible and practical
-Recommend a mix of autopilot on/off, abilities permitting, to challenge the learner during hold procedures
PLAN OF ACTION

• Review holding procedures & 5 T’s (VII.B. & VIII.A.) • Departure procedure, as able
• VOR approach procedures (VIII.A.) • VOR holds
• Flight overview o 3 holds
o Airport diagram o Multiple entries
o Enroute charts
o Standard & Non-standard
o Approach chart
• VOR approach
• Expectations & responsibilities (learner & instructor)
Post-Flight
• IFR flight plan, as able • What went well?

The learner begins to grasp hold procedures, determining hold direction, layout, and entry with instructor
assistance. Aim for ± 100’, 10o heading, 10 knots during the hold, and +100/-0’, no more than ¾ scale deflection, and
+10/-5 knots on the approach.
34

1.1 - 1.0
REFERENCES
OVERVIEW
Move from VOR and LOC based holds to intersection holds using different hold entries and turn directions. Finish the
lesson with a demoed ILS approach, followed by a learner flown ILS approach.
NOTES
PLAN OF ACTION

• Intersection holding procedures (VII.B.) • Departure procedure, as able
• ILS approach procedures (VIII.B.) • Intersection holds
o Enroute charts
o Approach chart
• ILS approach (demo/do)
Post-Flight

The learner grasps hold direction, layout, and entry procedures, and can fly the holds with minimal instructor
assistance. They maintain ± 100’, 10o heading, 10 knots during the hold. Aim for +100/-0’, no more than ¾ scale
deflection, and +10/-5 knots on the approach.
35
FLT 15: GPS Holds

1.1 - 1.0
REFERENCES
OVERVIEW
The learner becomes familiar with programming the GPS and the procedures associated with GPS holds and
approaches. Have the learner build 3 holds in the GPS with varied entries and turn directions. Finish the lesson with
a learner flown GPS approach.
NOTES
-Include a departure procedure when possible and practical
-Once programmed correctly, GPS holding is relatively straight forward (just follow the magenta line). Give the
learner some time to see GPS tracking in flight (course sensitivity, time, and distance, hold entry and turns, etc.), but
focus should be on properly programming the GPS
PLAN OF ACTION

• GPS holding procedures (VII.B. & Manufacturer content) • Departure procedure, as able
• GPS approach procedures VIII.A. & Manufacturer) • GPS holds
o Enroute charts
o Approach chart
• GPS approach
Post-Flight

The learner grasps hold procedures, determining hold direction, layout, and entry with minimal assistance. They can
use the GPS to build and fly a hold procedure. They maintain ± 100’, 10o heading, 10 knots during the hold. Aim for
+100/-0’, no more than ¾ scale deflection, and +10/-5 knots on the approach.
36
FLT 16: Hold Review

1.3 - 0.5
REFERENCES
OVERVIEW
Solidify the learner’s holding abilities and procedures with a variation of holds and hold entries, ending the lesson
with an instrument approach.
NOTES
-Planned to be completed with GND 9: ATC Systems & Procedures
-Vary the hold entries and turn direction
-Recommend a mix of autopilot on/off to challenge the learner during hold procedures
PLAN OF ACTION

• Review, as required (VII.B. & VIII.A. & B.) • Holding procedures
• Flight overview o VOR intersection hold
o Airport diagram o LOC or VOR hold
o Enroute charts o GPS hold
o Approach chart
• Instrument approach
o Type of approach as desired
Post-Flight
Pre-Flight
• IFR flight plan
• What went well?
• What can be improved?
• IFR clearance, as able
• What’s next

The learner can fly various holds and hold entries with and without the autopilot, and without instructor assistance.
They maintain ± 100’, 10o heading, 10 knots during the hold. Aim for +100/-0’, no more than ¾ scale deflection, and
+10/-5 knots on the approach.
37
FLT 17: VOR & LOC Approaches

1.2 - 1.0
REFERENCES
• VII.B. Holding Procedures • VIII.X. Procedure Turns
• VIII.A. Non-Precision Instrument Approach • Aeronautical Chart User’s Guide
• VIII.C. Missed Approach Procedures
OVERVIEW
In this lesson, review VOR and LOC approach concepts and procedures and introduce the learner to missed approach
procedures and full approach procedures. Airborne, plan for the learner to fly two VOR and LOC approaches,
including a missed approach to a hold as well as a full approach procedure.
NOTES
-Tied (∞) to GND 10: Instrument Approach Procedures
-Lessons 12-16 focused on holds while touching on approach procedures (generally 3 holds with 1 approach), while
lessons 17-22 will focus on approaches while touching on holds (3-4 approaches with 1 hold).
PLAN OF ACTION

• VOR & LOC approach procedures, as required (VIII.A.) • VOR approach 1
o Approach plate review (Aero Chart User’s Guide) o Radar vectors
o Approach procedures & brief (FFIIMMMMS) • VOR approach 2
o VDP
o Missed approach to a hold
• Missed approach procedures, as required (VIII.C.)
• LOC approach 3
• Procedure turns, as required (VIII.X.)
o Radar vectors
• Flight overview
o Airport diagram • LOC approach 4
o Enroute charts o Full procedure
o Approach charts o Backup with GPS
• Expectations & responsibilities (learner & instructor) o Landing from an instrument approach
Post-Flight

The learner can perform VOR and LOC approach procedures, with and without the autopilot. They can tune, identify,
and monitor the proper frequency, apply the 5 T’s, level off at or above the approach altitudes and MDA (+100’ / -
0’), recognize the VDP, MDA, and MAP, and perform missed approach and holding procedures. The learner handles
the radio calls and approach clearances with some instructor assistance.
38
FLT 18: ILS Approaches

1.2 - 1.0
REFERENCES
• VIII.B. Precision Instrument Approach • VIII.X. Procedure Turns
• VIII.C. Circling Approach • Aeronautical Chart User’s Guide
OVERVIEW
Prior to flight, review ILS approach and circling approach concepts and procedures with the learner. The learner will
then practice ILS approaches, including a missed approach to a hold as well as a circling approach and full procedure
approach.
NOTES
-Planned to be completed with GND 11: ADM, CRM, & Risk Management
-Practice GPS programming and load the ILS for at least one of the approaches
PLAN OF ACTION

• ILS approach procedures, as required (VIII.B.) • ILS approach 1
o Approach plate review (Aero Chart User’s Guide) o Radar vectors
o Approach procedures & brief (FFIIMMMMS) • ILS approach 2
• Procedure turns, as required (VIII.X.) o Circle to land
• Circle to land procedures (VIII.D.)
o Missed approach to a hold
• Flight overview
• ILS approach 3
o Airport diagram
o Enroute charts o Radar vectors
o Approach charts o Backup with GPS
• Expectations & responsibilities (learner & instructor) o Landing from an instrument approach
Post-Flight

The learner can perform ILS approach procedures, with and without the autopilot, and with or without the GPS.
They can tune, identify, and monitor the proper frequency, apply the 5 T’s, level off at or above the approach
altitudes (+100’ / -0’), recognize the DA, and perform missed approach and holding procedures. The learner handles
the radio calls and approach clearances with some instructor assistance.
39

1.2 - 1.0
REFERENCES
OVERVIEW
Review GPS approach capabilities and procedures prior to flight. In flight, the learner will practice GPS approach
procedures. Include both lateral and vertical guidance, as allowed by the aircraft. Include a missed approach to a
hold and circle to land procedures.
NOTES
N/A
PLAN OF ACTION

• GPS approach procedures (VIII.A.) • GPS approach 1 (LNAV)
o LNAV vs VNAV/LPV/WAAS, as applicable o Radar vectors
o Approach plate review (Aero Chart User’s Guide) • GPS approach 2 (LNAV)
o Approach procedures & brief (FFIIMMMMS)
o Missed approach to hold
• Flight overview
• GPS approach 3 (Vertical guidance)
o Airport diagram
o Enroute charts o Radar vectors
o Approach charts • GPS approach 4 (vertical guidance)
• Expectations & responsibilities (learner & instructor) o Circle to land
Post-Flight

The learner can perform GPS approach and missed approach procedures, with and without the autopilot. They can
tune, identify, and monitor the proper frequency, apply the 5 T’s, level off at or above the approach altitudes and
MDA (+100’ / -0’), recognize the VDP, MDA/DA and MAP, and perform missed approach and holding procedures. The
learner handles the radio calls and approach clearances with minimal instructor assistance.
40
FLT 20: Approaches

1.2 - 0.8
REFERENCES
• VIII.X. Procedure Turns
OVERVIEW
Review LOC back course procedures as well as general approach and holding procedures, as required. Airborne, have
the learner fly various approaches. Adjust the approaches based on the learner’s progress and training needs.
NOTES
N/A
PLAN OF ACTION

• Approach procedures, as required (VIII.A. & B.) • LOC back course approach, if available
• LOC Back course procedures o Radar vectors
• Holding procedures, as required (VII.B.) o Back up with GPS
• Procedure turns, as required (VIII.X.) • ILS approach
• Flight overview o Missed approach to a hold
o Airport diagram
• GPS approach (LNAV or vertical guidance)
o Enroute charts
o Approach charts o Radar vectors
• Expectations & responsibilities (learner & instructor) • VOR approach
• What the learner should learn o Full procedure
o Back up with GPS
Pre-Flight o Circle to land
• IFR flight plan o Landing from an instrument approach
• IFR clearance Post-Flight
• Setup navaids & comms • Review the flight
• What went well?
• What’s next

The learner can perform approach and missed approach procedures, with and without the autopilot. They can tune,
identify, and monitor the proper frequency, apply the 5 T’s, level off at or above the approach altitudes and MDA
(+100’ / -0’), recognize the VDP, MDA/DA and MAP, and perform missed approach and holding procedures. The
learner handles the radio calls and approach clearances with minimal instructor assistance.
41
FLT 21: Partial Panel Approaches

1.2 - 1.3
REFERENCES
• IX.B. Approach w Loss of Primary Flight Instr.
OVERVIEW
Review partial panel concepts and introduce partial panel approach procedures. Fly a partial panel VOR, ILS, and GPS
approach.
NOTES
-Tied (∞) to GND 12: Emergency Operations
-Include a missed approach to a hold and a circle to land approach.
PLAN OF ACTION
Ground Discussion Partial Panel Instrument Flight

• Partial panel approach procedures (IX.B.) • VOR approach
• Flight overview • ILS approach
o Airport diagram • GPS approach
o Enroute charts
o Approach charts
Post-Flight
• What went well?
• IFR flight plan • What’s next
• IFR clearance

The learner can perform partial panel approach and missed approach procedures, with and without the autopilot.
They can adjust their crosscheck, tune, identify, and monitor the proper frequency, apply the 5 T’s, level off at or
above the approach altitudes and MDA (+100’ / -0’), recognize the VDP, MDA/DA and MAP, and perform missed
approach and holding procedures as required. The learner handles the radio calls and approach clearances with
minimal instructor assistance.
42

1.3 - 0.5
REFERENCES
• VII.B. Holding Procedures • VIII.B. Precision Instrument Approach
• VIII.A. Non-Precision Instrument Approach • VIII.X. Procedure Turns
OVERVIEW
Review approach procedures as required. The general plan is a VOR, LOC, GPS, and ILS approach with one partial
panel, one to circling minimums, one full procedure approach, and one to a missed approach and hold. Adjust as
required based on the learner’s progress and training needs.
NOTES
-N/A
PLAN OF ACTION

• Review, as required • VOR approach
• Flight overview • LOC approach
o Airport diagram • ILS approach
o Enroute charts
• Partial panel GPS approach
o Approach charts
Post-Flight
• IFR flight plan • What can be improved?
• IFR clearance

The learner can perform approach and missed approach procedures, with and without the autopilot. They can tune,
identify, and monitor the proper frequency, apply the 5 T’s, level off at or above the approach altitudes and MDA
(+100’ / -0’), recognize the VDP, MDA/DA and MAP, and perform missed approach and holding procedures as
required. The learner handles the radio calls and approach clearances without instructor assistance.
43

1.5 - 0.5
REFERENCES
• As required
OVERVIEW
A review of the concepts and procedures learned in Stage 2 to solidify the learner’s flying abilities and get them
comfortable with the practical test mentality and process. Airborne, give the learner holding instructions then fly a
sampling of non-precision and precision approaches (see Notes). Post-flight, discuss strengths and weaknesses and
areas to focus on going forward.
NOTES
-Approaches: 1 full procedure approach, 1 missed approach to a hold, 1 circle to land approach
PLAN OF ACTION
Ground Discussion Instrument Flight (see Notes)

• Review, as required • Hold
• Flight overview • VOR and/or LOC approach
o Airport diagram • ILS approach
o Enroute charts
• GPS approach
o Approach charts
• Partial panel approach
Post-Flight

The learner can independently and safely perform various approach, missed approach, and holding procedures
without instructor assistance. They maintain approach altitudes and MDA (+100’ / -0’), and otherwise maintain ±
100’, 10o heading, and 10 knots, while handling all standard radio calls and clearances.
44
Stage 3: Cross Country
OVERVIEW
The cross-country flights will bring together all the prior information and skills learned during the instrument training.
NOTES
-GND 14 & 15 should be completed prior to their associated flights (24 & 27).
TRAINING SCHEDULE
GND 14: Cross Country Planning & Procedures ∞ FLT 24: Cross Country
GND 15: Stage 3 Knowledge Check ∞ FLT 27: Stage 3 Check

FLT 24: Cross Country 1.8 1.8 1.3
FLT 25: Cross Country 2.0 2.0 1.0
FLT 26: Long Cross Country 3.0 3.0 1.0
TOTALS 8.3 6.8 3.8
All required cross-country training is completed and the stage 3 check is passed. The learner can operate effectively and
independently in the IFR system.
45
GND 14: Cross Country Planning & Procedures
TIME: 2.5 hours

o III.B. Cross Country Flight Planning o Ch. 10: IFR Flight (pgs. 2-3)
o I.C. Cross Country Flight Planning
OVERVIEW
The instructor and learner will build an IFR cross country flight plan to be used for FLT 24.
NOTES
-Tied (∞) to FLT 24: Cross Country
-Build as much of the flight plan as possible. Complete the details with expected conditions prior to the cross country.
PLAN OF ACTION
1. Navigation and Flight Planning (III.B.) 2. Cross Country Flight Plan

A. IFR Regulatory Requirements A. Plan FLT 24: Cross Country
B. ETE and Fuel Requirements
C. Charts
D. NOTAMs
E. IFR Flight Plan
F. Control Sequence
G. GPS & RAIM
H. VOR MON
I. Airframe Icing

The learner gains an understanding of the flight planning process and can compile the necessary information to build an
effective, well-planned flight between two (or more) airports.
46
TIME: 1.5 hours

OVERVIEW
Ground based knowledge review of Stage 1-3 concepts. Structure similar to the ground portion of the practical test.
NOTES
PLAN OF ACTION
1. Knowledge Review

The learner demonstrates their understanding of Stage 1-3 aeronautical knowledge concepts. Inconsistencies are
47

1.8 1.8 1.3
REFERENCES
• III.A. Weather Information / Theory
• III.B. Cross-Country Flight Planning
OVERVIEW
In this flight the learner will fly the cross country planned in GND 14. Time permitting, fly 2 approaches at each
location. Vary the approach types, and vectors vs full approach procedures and include one partial panel approach. If
practical, include a missed approach and hold. Enroute, focus on basic communication and navigation procedures.
NOTES
-Tied (∞) to GND 14: Cross Country Planning & Procedures
PLAN OF ACTION (x2)

• Flight planning review (III.A. & B.) • Departure procedures
• Flight overview • Enroute procedures
o Airport diagrams o Communication
o Enroute charts o Navigation procedures
o TPPs
• Approaches & landings
o Chart Supplement
o 2 approaches at each location
• What the learner should learn o 1 full procedure approach
o 1 partial panel approach
Pre-Flight o 1 missed approach and hold
• IFR flight plan
• Weather briefing, NOTAMs, TFRs, etc. Post-Flight
• IFR clearance • Review the flight
• Instrument preflight • What went well?
• Setup GPS, navaids & comms • What can be improved?
• What’s next

The learner combines all previous knowledge to operate effectively in the IFR system. En route, they maintain
altitude ± 100’, airspeed ± 10 knots, and accurately track radials, bearings, and courses. On the approaches, they
level off at or above the approach altitudes and MDA (+100’/-0’), maintain no more than a ¾ scale deflection
laterally or vertically, recognize the VDP, MDA/DA and MAP, and perform missed approach and holding procedures
as required. The learner can handle the radio calls with some instructor assistance.
48

2.0 2.0 1.0
REFERENCES
OVERVIEW
The learner should plan a cross-country flight between two airports. Time permitting, fly at least 2 approaches at
each location, varying the approach types, and vectors vs full approach procedures. If practical, include at least one
partial panel approach, as well as a missed approach and hold. Enroute, review emergency procedures.
NOTES
N/A
PLAN OF ACTION (x2)

o Airport diagrams o Diversion procedures
o Enroute charts o Lost comm procedures
o TPPs
o Electrical failures
o Chart Supplement
• Approach & landing
• What the learner should learn o 2 approaches at each location
o 1 full procedure approach
Pre-Flight o 1 partial panel approach
• IFR flight plan o 1 missed approach and hold
Post-Flight
• IFR clearance
• Instrument preflight
• What went well?
• What’s next

as required. The learner can handle the radio calls with minimal instructor assistance.
49

3.0 3.0 1.0
REFERENCES
OVERVIEW
FAR 61.65 required long cross country. The learner should plan a cross-country flight of at least 250 nm, with an
instrument approach at each airport, and three difference kinds of approaches. Enroute, review prior navigation and
emergency concepts/procedures as required, including any additional emergencies not previously discussed.
NOTES
-Complies with the requirements of FAR 61.65(d)(2)(ii)
PLAN OF ACTION (x3)

o Airport diagrams o As required
o Enroute charts
o TPPs
o 1 approach at each airport
o Chart Supplement
o 3 different kinds of approaches
Post-Flight

as required. The learner can handle the radio calls with minimal instructor assistance.
50

1.4 - 0.5
REFERENCES
• As required
OVERVIEW
A review of the concepts and procedures learned in Stage 3 to solidify the learner’s flying abilities and get them
comfortable with the practical test mentality and process. The learner should plan, file, and fly a flight plan between
two airports (does not have to be cross-country distances). Include a departure procedure, if able. Enroute, review
emergency procedures. Post-flight, discuss strengths and weaknesses and areas to focus on going forward.
NOTES
PLAN OF ACTION
Ground Discussion Instrument Flight (x2)

• Flight planning review • Departure procedure
o Airport diagram o Diversion procedures
o Enroute charts o Lost comm procedures
o Maneuvers
o Various approaches
o 2 non-precision
Pre-Flight o 1 precision
• IFR flight plan
Post-Flight
• IFR clearance
• What went well?
• What’s next

as required. The learner can handle the radio calls without instructor assistance.
51
Stage 4: Practical Test Prep
OVERVIEW
The learner applies all prior instrument procedures and concepts to prepare for the practical test.
NOTES
-Preparation for the practical test. The only formal ground training is GND 16: Stage 4 Knowledge Check which is tied to
TRAINING SCHEDULE
GND 16: Stage 4 Knowledge Check ∞ FLT 30: Stage 4 Check

FLT 28: Practical Test Prep 1.5 0.5
FLT 29: More Practical Test Prep 1.5 0.5
TOTALS 4.5 - 1.5
All instrument rating requirements have been met and the learner completes the FAR required practical test prep and
passes the stage 4 check. The learner meets or exceeds all ACS standards.
52
TIME: 2.0 hours

OVERVIEW
Ground based knowledge review of instrument pilot ACS required knowledge. Structure similar to the ground portion of
the practical test. Cover knowledge areas from stages 1-4.
NOTES
-Learner should have a nav log prepared for the knowledge review and the flight
PLAN OF ACTION
1. Knowledge Review

The learner demonstrates their understanding of the ACS required aeronautical knowledge concepts. Any/all
inconsistencies are reviewed and corrected with the instructor.
53

1.5 - 0.5
REFERENCES
• As required
OVERVIEW
Procedures review in preparation for the practical test. Intended to fine tune and clean up inconsistencies. Review
all ACS tasks, mirroring a practical test profile as much as possible. Note strengths and weaknesses to create a
plan/focus areas for the next flights.
NOTES
-Approaches: Include 1 partial panel, one full procedure, one missed approach to a hold, and one circle to land
-FAR 61.65(d)(2)(i): FLT 29 & 30 cover the requirement for 3 hours of training in preparation for the practical test
PLAN OF ACTION

• Review, as required • Departure procedure
• Flight overview • BAI flight
o Airport diagram o Steep turns
o Enroute charts o Unusual attitudes
o Approach charts
• Approaches (see Notes)
o VOR and/or LOC approach
o ILS approach
Pre-Flight o GPS approach
• IFR flight plan • Landing from an instrument approach
Post-Flight
• IFR clearance
• What went well?
• What’s next

The learner maintains altitude ± 100’, airspeed ± 10 knots, and accurately tracks radials, bearings, and courses. On
approaches, they level off at or above the approach altitudes and MDA (+100’/-0’), maintain no more than a ¾ scale
deflection laterally or vertically, recognize the VDP, MDA/DA and MAP, and perform missed approach and holding
procedures as required. The learner handles the radio calls without instructor assistance.
54

1.5 - 0.5
REFERENCES
• As required
OVERVIEW
Final review prior to the stage check. Mimic the practical test profile as much as possible, focusing on any noted
weaknesses. Build confidence heading into the stage check and practical test.
NOTES
-FAR 61.65(d)(2)(i): FLT 29 & 30 cover the requirement for 3 hours of training in preparation for the practical test
-Ensure 3 hours between the two flights.
-Learner should plan an instrument flight to use for FLT 31: Stage 4 Check and their practical test.
PLAN OF ACTION

o Airport diagram o Slow flight
o Enroute charts o Unusual attitudes
o Approach charts
o VOR and/or LOC approach
o ILS approach
Pre-Flight o GPS approach
Post-Flight
• IFR clearance
• What went well?
• What’s next

The learner maintains altitude ± 100’, airspeed ± 10 knots, and accurately tracks radials, bearings, and courses. On
approaches, they level off at or above the approach altitudes and MDA (+100’/-0’), maintain no more than a ¾ scale
deflection laterally or vertically, recognize the VDP, MDA/DA and MAP, and perform missed approach and holding
procedures as required. The learner handles the radio calls without instructor assistance.
55

1.5 - 0.5
REFERENCES
• As required
OVERVIEW
A review of the concepts and procedures learned in Stages 1-4 to solidify the learner’s flying abilities and get them
comfortable with the practical test mentality and process. Mimic an instrument checkride profile. Post-flight, discuss
strengths and weaknesses and instrument checkride standards and requirements.
NOTES
-Practical test endorsements on the next page
PLAN OF ACTION

o Airport diagram o Unusual attitudes
o Enroute charts
o Approach charts
o VOR approach
o LOC approach
o GPS approach
Pre-Flight o ILS approach
Post-Flight
• IFR clearance
• What went well?
• What’s next

The learner meets or exceeds ACS requirements and is deemed ready for their practical test. Safety is not in
question.
56
Practical Test Endorsements
Aeronautical Knowledge Test: §§ 61.35(a)(1), 61.65(a), and (b)

I certify that [First name, MI, Last name] has received the required training in accordance with § 61.65(b). I have
determined [he or she] is prepared for the Instrument-airplane knowledge test.
Flight Proficiency/Practical Test: § 61.65(a)(6)

I certify that [First name, MI, Last name] has received the required training of §§ 61.65(c) and (d). I have determined [he
or she] is prepared for the Instrument-airplane practical test.
Prerequisites for Instrument Practical Tests: § 61.39(a)

I certify that [First name, MI, Last name] has received and the required flight time/training of 61.39(a) in preparation for
the practical test within 2 calendar-months preceding the date of test and has satisfactory knowledge of the subject
areas in which [he or she] was shown to be deficient by the FAA Airman Knowledge Test Report. I have determined [he
or she] is prepared for the Instrument-airplane practical test.
57
Appendix
58
Vertical S Maneuvers
ALPHA
• Continuous series of rate climbs and
descents flown on a constant heading
• 1,000’ climb followed by 1,000’ descent
• Rate: 1,000 fpm (or as performance allows)
• Bank: Wings level
BRAVO
• Same as ALPHA, except a constant bank
angle is maintained
• Rate: 1,000 fpm
• Bank: Constant standard rate turn
CHARLIE
• Same as BRAVO, except the direction of turn
is reversed at the beginning of each descent
• Rate: 1,000 fpm
• Bank: Standard rate, reverse turn at the top
(starting each descent)
DELTA
• Same as CHARLIE, except the turn direction
is reversed with each change in vertical
direction
• Rate: 1,000 fpm
• Bank: Standard rate, reverse turn at the top
& bottom (starting each climb and descent)
59
Eligibility Requirements
FAR 61.65(a) APPLICANT

• Hold at least a current private pilot certificate (or apply for one concurrently)
• Read, speak, write, and understand the English language
KNOWLEDGE
• Knowledge training (home or with instructor)
• Instructor endorsement
• Pass the Knowledge Test
FLIGHT
• FAR 61.65(c) flight proficiency
• Aeronautical experience & training requirements
• Instructor endorsement
60
Aeronautical Experience & Training Requirements
FAR 61.65(d) AERONAUTICAL EXPERIENCE

• 50 hours cross-country time
o 10 hours minimum in an airplane
• 40 hours instrument time
o 15 hours flight training from an instrument rated instructor
• 15 hours flight training
o 250 nm cross-country
o 3 hours in preparation for the practical test
FAR 61.65(c) FLIGHT PROFICIENCY

• Preflight preparation
• Preflight procedures
• Air traffic control clearances and procedures
• Flight by reference to instruments
• Navigation systems
• Instrument approach procedures
• Emergency operations
• Postflight procedures
FAR 61.65(h) FULL FLIGHT SIM OR TRANING DEVICE

• Maximum 20 hours of instrument time
FAR 61.65(i) AVIATION TRAINING DEVICE

• Maximum 10 hours of instrument time in a basic aviation training device
• Maximum 20 hours of instrument time in an advanced aviation training device
AC 61-65 FAA APPROVAL OF AVIATION TRAINING DEVICES AND THEIR USE FOR TRAINING AND EXPERIENCE
• Defines basic & advanced aviation training device
• Guidance on use of training devices
61
Aeronautical Knowledge
REQUIRED KNOWLEDGE AREAS – FAR 61.65(b) LESSON

1. FARs applying to flight operations under IFR GND 6: FARs, Pubs, & Charts
2. Appropriate info that applies to flight operations under IFR in the AIM GND 6: FARs, Pubs, & Charts
3. ATC systems and procedures for instrument flight operations GND 9: ATC Systems & Procedures
GND 3: Nav Systems & Procedures
4. IFR navigation and approaches by use of navigation systems
GND 10: Inst Approach Procedures
5. Use of IFR enroute and instrument approach procedure charts
GND 9: ATC System & Procedures
6. Procurement and use of aviation weather reports and forecasts and the
elements of forecasting weather trends based on that information and GND 4: Weather & Weather Services
personal observation of weather conditions
7. Safe and efficient operations under instrument flight rules / conditions GND 9: ATC Systems & Procedures
Various other lessons
8. Recognition of critical weather situations and windshear avoidance GND 5: Weather & Weather Services
9. ADM and judgment GND 11: ADM, CRM, & Risk Management
10. CRM, including crew communication and coordination GND 11: ADM, CRM & Risk Management
62

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Instrument Rating Syllabus

POTENTIALLY VAGUE TERMINOLOGY

PART 61 TRAINING HOURS

DUAL XC GROUND AERO KNOWLEDGE

DATE LESSON UPDATE

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Instrument Rating Syllabus

LESSON INSTRUMENT CROSS COUNTRY GROUND

INSTRUCTOR REFERENCES LEARNER REFERENCES

1. BAI Flight (VI.A-E.) 2. Flight Maneuvers (VI.A-E.)

OBJECTIVE / COMPLETION STANDARDS

INSTRUCTOR REFERENCES LEARNER REFERENCES

1. Flight Instruments (II.A.1.) E. OAT, Clock, & Pitot Heat

OBJECTIVE / COMPLETION STANDARDS

INSTRUCTOR REFERENCES LEARNER REFERENCES

1. Aeromedical Factors (II.B.)

OBJECTIVE / COMPLETION STANDARDS

INSTRUCTOR REFERENCES LEARNER REFERENCES

1. Weather Theory (III.A.) 2. Weather Information (III.A.)

OBJECTIVE / COMPLETION STANDARDS

INSTRUCTOR REFERENCES LEARNER REFERENCES

OBJECTIVE / COMPLETION STANDARDS

INSTRUCTOR REFERENCES LEARNER REFERENCES

1. 14 CFR and Publications (II.C.) 4. FAR Part 95 – IFR Altitudes (II.C.)

OBJECTIVE / COMPLETION STANDARDS

INSTRUCTOR REFERENCES LEARNER REFERENCES

OBJECTIVE / COMPLETION STANDARDS

INSTRUMENT CROSS-COUNTRY GROUND

Ground Discussion Instrument Flight

OBJECTIVE / COMPLETION STANDARDS

INSTRUMENT CROSS-COUNTRY GROUND

Ground Discussion Instrument Flight

OBJECTIVE / COMPLETION STANDARDS

INSTRUMENT CROSS-COUNTRY GROUND

Ground Discussion Instrument Flight

OBJECTIVE / COMPLETION STANDARDS

INSTRUMENT CROSS-COUNTRY GROUND

Ground Discussion • Unusual attitudes

OBJECTIVE / COMPLETION STANDARDS

INSTRUMENT CROSS-COUNTRY GROUND

Ground Discussion • Partial panel

OBJECTIVE / COMPLETION STANDARDS

INSTRUMENT CROSS-COUNTRY GROUND

Ground Discussion • Unusual attitudes

OBJECTIVE / COMPLETION STANDARDS

INSTRUMENT CROSS-COUNTRY GROUND

Ground Discussion Instrument Flight

OBJECTIVE / COMPLETION STANDARDS

INSTRUMENT CROSS-COUNTRY GROUND

Ground Discussion Instrument Flight

OBJECTIVE / COMPLETION STANDARDS

INSTRUMENT CROSS-COUNTRY GROUND

Ground Discussion Instrument Flight

OBJECTIVE / COMPLETION STANDARDS

INSTRUMENT CROSS-COUNTRY GROUND

Ground Discussion Instrument Flight

OBJECTIVE / COMPLETION STANDARDS