Training Report

On

Python Programming & Its Applications

Undertaken at

Aryatech Automations Pvt. Ltd., Meerut (U.P.) – 250002

In the partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of

Diploma In Computer Science Engineering

Submitted to:- Submitted By:-

Dr. Pankaj Yadav Sumit Kumar Mishra

(Industrial Training In-Charge) Roll No:- E20110435500016

Department Of

Computer Science Engineering

GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC SAHARANPUR (U.P) - 247001

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express my sincere gratitude to Aryatech Automations for giving me an

opportunity to undergo my Industrial Training for four weeks as well as for providing me the
knowledge of Python Programming & Its Applications.
I would also like to thank to all the technical experts, engineers & trainers for explaining
practical aspects of the theoretical knowledge.
My greatest debt in successfully completing this training goes to Mr. Meghvrat Arya
(Corporate Trainer, Aryatech Automations Pvt. Ltd.) & Miss. Mani Vatsa (Training Manager,
Aryatech Automations Pvt. Ltd.)
Thank you for encouraging and guiding me every step of the way.
I am deeply indebted to my HOD Mr. Priyanshu Sharma
& TPO Mr. Pankaj Yadav whose help, stimulating suggestions and encouragements was
always with me.

Thanking You

Sumit Kumar Mishra

 PREFACE

This training report reflects the 4 weak summer training at Aryatech Automations Pvt. Ltd.
The report has details of the practical experience and the academic knowledge that I
have gained during these 4 weak as a student and also it is also included details of
many project that I have conduct and involved.
I have made this report on python. I have tried my best elucidate all the relevant details
to be included in the report. While in the beginning I have tried to give a general view
about this language.

Thanking You

Sumit Kumar Mishra

 ABOUT TRAINING INSTITUTE

Who we are?

Aryatech Automations is also govt recognized private limited company under

MCA(Ministry of Corporate Affairs, Govt of India) and we also have a partnership
with NSDC (National Skill Development Corporation) and IESA (Indian Electronics
& Semiconductor Association). We strive to offer excellence, professionalism and
long term commitment to remain among the premier projects & technical workshops
provider in India. Aryatech automations and its staff are fully devoted for their
commitment of providing cost efficient and better services to its clients.

What we do?
We are providing hands on summer training programs, projects and on campus
technical workshops in various domains of Engineering like Embedded Systems,
Robotics, Automation, PCB & Circuit Design, Internet of Things, PHP, .NET,
JAVA, Python, Django, PLC SCADA & MATLAB, AutoCad, Staad Pro, Catia,
CNC & Revit. We have covered moreover 200 Govt & Private Diploma &
Engineering Colleges of North India, and successfully conducted over 500 seminars
and trained over 5000 students.
 Table Of Contents

Introduction
Python .............................................................................................................................. 1-2

Scripting Language........................................................................................................................2-3

Object Oriented Programming ........................................................................................... 3-3

History of python ......................................................................................................................... 3-4

Behind the Scene of Python .......................................................................................................... 5-5

Downloading & Installing Python

Downloading Python......................................................................................................... 6-7

Installing Python ......................................................................................................................... 8-10

Setup path of variable ................................................................................................................ 10-11

Running The Python IDE........................................................................................................... 12-13

Python code Execution...................................................................................................13-13

Data Types & Operator

Data Type ...................................................................................................................... 14-15

Variables .................................................................................................................................. 15-15

String ........................................................................................................................................ 15-16

Python Operator ........................................................................................................................ 16-17

Arithmetic Operator ....................................................................................................... 17-17

 Comparison Operator .................................................................................................... 17-18

Tuple & List

4.1 Tuple ........................................................................................... 18-20
Accessing Tuple Values ................................................................................................. 18-18

Built in Operation ...................................................................................................... 18-19

Built in Touple Functions ........................................................................................... 19-19

4.2 List .............................................................................................. 20-23

Accessing List Values .................................................................................................... 20-21

Built in Operation ..........................................................................................................21-21

Built in Functions..........................................................................................................21-21

Loops & Conditional Statements

5.1 Loops .........................................................................................21-26

Loops Definition ...........................................................................................................21-22

Loops Example ................................................................................................... 22-23

Conditional Statement ........................................................................................................ 23-23

5.21Conditional Statement Definition .................................... 23-23

5.2.2 Conditional Statement Example ................................... 24-25

Function ............................................................................................................................ 25-25

Syntax & Examples...................................................................................................... 25-26

Uses & Scope of python.

What can we do With Python? ...................................................................................... 26-26

Who Uses Python Today? ............................................................................................. 27-27

Why do People use python? ......................................................................................... 27-27
 Python

Python is a widely used high-level, general-purpose, interpreted,

dynamic programming language. Its design philosophy emphasizes
code readability, and its syntax allows programmers to express
concepts in fewer lines of code than would be possible in languages
such as C++ or Java. The language provides constructs intended to
enable clear programs on both a small and large scale.

Python supports multiple programming paradigms, including object-

oriented, imperative and functional programming or procedural
styles. It features a dynamic type system and automatic memory
management and has a large and comprehensive standard library.
Python interpreters are available for installation on many operating
systems, allowing Python code execution on a wide variety of
systems.

Scripting Language

A scripting or script language is a programming language that supports

scripts, programs written for a special run-time environment that
automate the execution of tasks that could alternatively be executed
one-by-one by a human operator.

Scripting languages are often interpreted (rather than compiled).

Primitives are usually the elementary tasks or API calls, and the
language allows them to be combined into more complex programs.
Environments that can be automated through scripting include
software applications, web pages within a web browser, the shells of
operating systems (OS), embedded systems, as well as numerous
games.

A scripting language can be viewed as a domain-specific

language for a particular environment; in the case of scripting an
application, this is also known as an extension language.
Scripting languages are also sometimes referred to as very high-
level programming languages, as they operate at a high level of
abstraction, or as control languages.
 Object Oriented Programming Language

Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm

based on the concept of "objects", which may contain data, in the
form of fields, often known as attributes; and code, in the form of
procedures, often known as methods. A distinguishing feature of
objects is that an object's procedures can access and often modify the
data fields of the object with which they are associated (objects have
a notion of "this" or "self").

In OO programming, computer programs are designed by making

them out of objects that interact with one another. There is significant
diversity in objectoriented programming, but most popular languages
are class-based, meaning that objects are instances of classes, which
typically also determines their type.

History

Python was conceived in the late 1980s, and its implementation was
started in December 1989 by Guido van Rossum at CWI in the
Netherlands as a successor to the ABC language (itself inspired by
SETL) capable of exception handling and interfacing with the
Amoeba operating system. Van Rossum is Python's principal author,
and his continuing central role in deciding the direction of Python is
reflected in the title given to him by the Python community,
benevolent dictator for life (BDFL).
“Python is an experiment in how much freedom
programmers need. Too much freedom and nobody can read
another's code; too little and expressiveness is endangered.”

- Guido van Rossum

Behind The Scene of Python

About the origin of Python, Van Rossum wrote in 1996:

Over six years ago, in December 1989, I was looking for a "hobby"
programming project that would keep me occupied during the week
around Christmas. My office ... would be closed, but I had a home
Computer, and not much else on my hands. I decided to write an
interpreter for the new scripting language I had been thinking about
lately: a descendant of ABC that would appeal to Unix/C hackers. I
chose Python as a working title for the project, being in a slightly
irreverent mood (and a big fan of Monty Python's Flying Circus).

Downloading python

If you don’t already have a copy of Python installed on your

computer, you will need to open up your Internet browser and go to
the Python download page (http://www.python.org/download/).
Now that you are on the download page, select which of the
software builds you would like to download. For the purposes of
this article we will use the most up to date version available
(Python 3.4.1).
Once you have clicked on that, you will be taken to a page with a
description of all the new updates and features of 3.4.1, however, you
can always read that while the download is in process. Scroll to the
bottom of the page till you find the “Download” section and click on
the link that says “download page.”

Now you will scroll all the way to the bottom of the page and find the “Windows x86
MSI installer.” If you want to download the 86-64 bit MSI, feel free to do so. We believe
that even if you have a 64-bit operating system installed on your computer, the 86-bit
MSI is preferable. We say this because it will still run well and sometimes, with the 64-
bit architectures, some of the compiled binaries and Python libraries don’t work well.
Installing Python

Once you have downloaded the Python MSI, simply navigate to the download location on
your computer, double clicking the file and pressing Run when the dialog box pops up.

If you are the only person who uses your computer, simply leave the “Install for all users”
option selected. If you have multiple accounts on your PC and don’t want to install it
across all accounts, select the “Install just for me” option then press “Next.”
f you want to change the install location, feel free to do so; however, it is best to leave it as
is and simply select next, Otherwise...
Scroll down in the window and find the “Add Python.exe to Path” and click on the small red
“x.” Choose the “Will be installed on local hard drive” option then press “Next.”

Now that you have completed the installation process, click on “Finish.
Setup the Path Variable

Begin by opening the start menu and typing in “environment” and select the option called
“Edit the system environment variables.”

When the “System Properties” window appears, click on “Environment Variables…”

Once you have the “Environment Variables” window open, direct your focus to the
bottom half. You will notice that it controls all the “System Variables” rather than just
this associated with your user. Click on “New…” to create a new variable for Python.
Simply enter a name for your Path and the code shown below. For the purposes of

this example we have installed Python 2.7.3, so we will call the path: “Pythonpath.”

The string that you will need to enter is: “C:\Python27\;C:\Python27\Scripts;”

Running The Python IDE

Now that we have successfully completed the installation process and added our

“Environment Variable,” you are ready to create your first basic Python script. Let’s begin
by opening Python’s GUI by pressing “Start” and typing “Python” and selecting the
“IDLE (Python GUI).”

Once the GUI is open, we will begin by using the simplest directive possible. This is the
“print” directive which simply prints whatever you tell it to, into a new line. Start by typing
a print directive like the one shown in the image below or copy and paste this text then
press

“Enter”: print (“Congratulations on executing your first print directive!”)

Python Code Execution
Python’s traditional runtime execution model: source code you type
is translated to byte code, which is then run by the Python Virtual
Machine. Your code is automatically compiled, but then it is
interpreted.

Source code extension is .py

Byte code extension is .pyc (compiled python code)

 Data Type

(this is called dynamic typing). Data types determine whether an

object can do something, or whether it just would not make sense.
Other programming languages often determine whether an operation
makes sense for an object by making sure the object can never be
stored somewhere where the operation will be performed on the
object (this type system is called static typing). Python does not do
that. Instead it stores the type of an object with the object, and checks
when the operation is performed whether that operation makes sense
for that object

Python has many native data types. Here are the important ones:

Booleans are either True or False.

Numbers can be integers (1 and 2), floats (1.1 and 1.2), fractions (1/2
and 2/3), or even complex numbers.

Strings are sequences of Unicode characters, e.g. an HTML document.

Bytes and byte arrays, e.g. a JPEG image file.

Lists are ordered sequences of values.

Tuples are ordered, immutable sequences of values.

Sets are unordered bags of values.

Variable

Variables are nothing but reserved memory locations to store values. This means that when
you create a variable you reserve some space in memory.

Based on the data type of a variable, the interpreter allocates memory and decides what
can be stored in the reserved memory. Therefore, by assigning different data types to
variables, you can store integers, decimals or characters in these variables.

Ex: counter = 100 # An integer

assignment miles = 1000.0 # A floating

point name = "John" # A string

String

In programming terms, we usually call text a string. When you think of a string as a
collection of letters, the term makes sense.

All the letters, numbers, and symbols in this book could be a string.

For that matter, your name could be a string, and so could your

address.

Creating Strings

In Python, we create a string by putting quotes around text. For example, we could take our
otherwise useless

• "hello"+"world" "helloworld" # concatenation

• "hello"*3 "hellohellohello" # repetition

• "hello"[0] "h" # indexing

• "hello"[-1] "o" # (from end)

• "hello"[1:4] "ell" # slicing
• len("hello") 5 # size

• "hello" < "jello" 1 # comparison

• "e" in "hello" 1 # search

Python Operator

Arithmetic Operator

Operator
Meaning Example

+ Add two operands or unary plus x+y

+2

- Subtract right operand from the left or unary minus x-y

-2

* Multiply two operands x*y

/ Divide left operand by the right one (always results into x/y
float)
% Modulus - remainder of the division of left operand by the x % y (remainder
right of x/y)

// Floor division - division that results into whole number x // y

adjusted to the left in the number line

** Exponent - left operand raised to the power of right x**y (x to the

power y)

Comparison Operator

> Greater that - True if left operand is greater than the right x>y

< Less that - True if left operand is less than the right x<y
Cha

== Equal to - True if both operands are equal x ==

y

!= Not equal to - True if operands are not equal x != y

>= Greater than or equal to - True if left operand is greater than or equal to x >=
the right y

<= Less than or equal to - True if left operand is less than or equal to the +x <=
right y
 Tuples

A tuple is a sequence of immutable Python objects. Tuples are sequences, just

like lists. The differences between tuples and lists are, the tuples cannot be
changed unlike lists and tuples use parentheses.

Accessing Values in Tuples:

To access values in tuple, use the square brackets for slicing

along with the index or indices to obtain value available at that
index. For example − tup1 = ('physics', 'chemistry', 1997, 2000);
tup2 = (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 ); print "tup1[0]: ", tup1[0] print
"tup2[1:5]: ", tup2[1:5]

When the above code is executed, it produces the following

result − tup1[0]: physics tup2[1:5]: [2, 3, 4, 5]

Basic TuplesOperations

Tuples respond to the + and * operators much like strings; they

mean concatenation and repetition here too, except that the result is
a new tuple, not a string. In fact, tuples respond to all of the general
sequence operations we used on strings in the prior chapter −
Python Expression Results Description

len((1, 2, 3)) 3 Length

(1, 2, 3) + (4, 5, 6) (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6) Concatenation

('Hi!',) * 4 ('Hi!', 'Hi!', 'Hi!', 'Hi!') Repetition

3 in (1, 2, 3) True Membership

for x in (1, 2, 3): print x, 123 Iteration

Built-in Tuple Functions

Python includes the following tuple functions −

SN Function with Description

1 cmp(tuple1, tuple2) Compares elements of both tuples.

2 len(tuple) Gives the total length of the tuple.

3 max(tuple) Returns item from the tuple with max value.

4 min(tuple) Returns item from the tuple with min value.

5 tuple(seq) Converts a list into tuple.

List
The list is a most versatile datatype available in Python which can be
written as a list of comma- separated values (items) between square
brackets. Important thing about a list is that items in a list need not be
of the same type.
Creating a list is as simple as putting different comma-
separated values between square brackets. For example − list1
= ['physics', 'chemistry', 1997, 2000]; list2 = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ];
list3 = ["a", "b", "c", "d"];

Similar to string indices, list indices start at 0, and lists can be sliced,
concatenated and so on.
Accessing Values in Lists:
To access values in lists, use the square brackets for slicing along with
the index or indices to obtain value available at that index. For
example − list1 = ['physics', 'chemistry', 1997, 2000]; list2 = [1, 2, 3,
4, 5, 6, 7 ]; print "list1[0]: ", list1[0] print "list2[1:5]: ", list2[1:5]
 Output: list1[0]: physics

list2[1:5]: [2, 3, 4, 5]
Update: list = ['physics', 'chemistry', 1997,

2000]; print "Value available at index 2 : "

print list[2] list[2] = 2001; print "New

value available at index 2 : " print list[2]

Output: Value available at

index 2 : 1997 New value
available at index 2 : 2001
Delete: list1 = ['physics', 'chemistry', 1997,

2000]; print list1 del list1[2]; print "After

deleting value at index 2 : " print list1

['physics', 'chemistry', 1997,

2000] Output: After deleting
value at index 2 : ['physics',
'chemistry', 2000]
Basic List Operation
Python Expression Results Description

len([1, 2, 3]) 3 Length

[1, 2, 3] + [4, 5, 6] [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6] Concatenation

['Hi!'] * 4 ['Hi!', 'Hi!', 'Hi!', 'Hi!'] Repetition

3 in [1, 2, 3] True Membership

for x in [1, 2, 3]: print x, 123 Iteration
Built-in List Functions & Methods:
SN Function with Description

1 cmp(list1, list2) Compares elements of both lists.

2 len(list) Gives the total length of the list.

3 max(list) Returns item from the list with max value.

4 min(list) Returns item from the list with min value.

5 list(seq) Converts a tuple into list.

Python includes following list methods

SN Methods with Description

1 list.append(obj) Appends object obj to list

2 list.count(obj) Returns count of how many times obj occurs in list

3 list.extend(seq) Appends the contents of seq to list

4 list.index(obj) Returns the lowest index in list that obj appears

5 list.insert(index, obj) Inserts object obj into list at offset index

6 list.pop(obj=list[-1]) Removes and returns last object or obj from list

7 list.remove(obj) Removes object obj from list

8 list.reverse() Reverses objects of list in place

9 list.sort([func]) Sorts objects of list, use compare func if given

Loop definition
Programming languages provide various control structures that allow for
more complicated execution paths.
A loop statement allows us to execute a statement or group of
statements multiple times. The following diagram illustrates a loop
statement −

Python programming language provides following types of loops to handle

looping requirements.
Loop Type Description
 while loop Repeats a statement or group of statements while a given condition is
TRUE. It tests the condition before executing the loop body.

for loop Executes a sequence of statements multiple times and abbreviates

the code that manages the loop variable.

nested loops You can use one or more loop inside any another while, for or
do..while loop.

Loop Example:
For Loop:
>>> for mynum in [1,

2, 3, 4, 5]: print

("Hello", mynum )

Hello 1
Hello 2
Hello 3
Hello 4
Hello 5
While Loop:
>>> count = 0 >>while(count< 4):

print 'The count is:', count

count = count + 1

The count is: 0

The count
is: 1 The
count is: 2
The count
is: 3
Conditional Statements:

Decision making is anticipation of conditions occurring while execution of

the program and specifying actions taken according to the conditions.
Decision structures evaluate multiple expressions which produce
TRUE or FALSE as outcome. You need to determine which
action to take and which statements to execute if outcome is
TRUE or FALSE otherwise.

Python programming language provides following types of decision

making statements. Click the following links to check their detail.
Statement Description

if statements An if statement consists of a boolean expression followed

by one or more statements.

if...else statements An if statement can be followed by an optional else

statement, which executes when the boolean expression
is FALSE.
nested if statements You can use one if or else if statement inside
another if or else if statement(s).
Example:

If Statement:
a=3
3
b=2
00
If b>a:
print(“b”)
If...Else Statement:
a=200
b=33
if b>a:
print(“b is greater than a”)
else:
print(“a is greater than b”)
Function

Function blocks begin with the keyword def followed by the function name
and parentheses ( ( )
).
Any input parameters or arguments should be placed within these
parentheses. You can also define parameters inside these
parentheses.
The first statement of a function can be an optional statement - the
documentation string of the function.
The code block within every function starts with a colon (:) and is indented.
The statement return [expression] exits a function, optionally passing
back an expression to the caller. A return statement with no arguments
is the same as return None.
Syntex:
Def
functionname(paramet
ers):
“function_docstring”
Function_suite
Return[expression]
Example:

Def printme(str):
“this print a passed string into this function”
print str
return
1. # Function definition is here def
printme( str ):

"This prints a passed string into this

function" print str return;

# Now you can call printme function printme("I'm first call to

user defined function!") printme("Again second call to the
same function")

SCOPE OF PYTHON

1 - Science
- Bioinformatics

2 - System Administration
- Unix
- Web logic
- Web sphere

3 - Web Application Development

What Can We do With Python?

1 - System programming
2 - Graphical User Interface
Programming 3 - Internet Scripting

4 - Component
Integration 5 -
Database
Programming
6 - Gaming, Images, XML , Robot and more
WHO USES PYTHON TODAY?
• Python is being applied in real revenue-generating products by real companies.
• Google makes extensive use of Python in its web search system, and employs Python’s
creator.
• Intel, Cisco, Hewlett-Packard, Seagate, Qualcomm, and IBM use Python for hardware testing.
• ESRI uses Python as an end-user customization tool for its popular GIS mapping products.

WHY DO PEOPLE USE PYTHON?

• The YouTube video sharing service is largely written in Python.

• Python is object-oriented o Structure supports such concepts as

polymorphism, operation overloading, and multiple inheritance.

• Indentation o Indentation is one of the greatest future in Python.

• It's free (open source) o Downloading and installing Python is free and
easy o Source code is easily accessible

• It's powerful o Dynamic typing o Built-in types and tools o Library

utilities

o Third party utilities (e.g. Numeric, NumPy,

SciPy) o Automatic memory management
• It's portable o Python runs virtually every major platform used today o
As long as you have a compatible Python interpreter installed, Python
programs will run in exactly the same manner, irrespective of platform.
 Conclusion
I believe the trial has shown conclusively that it is both possible and
desirable to use Python as the principal teaching language:

o It is Free (as in both cost and source code).

o It is trivial to install on a Windows PC allowing students to take their interest further. For
many the hurdle of installing a Pascal or C compiler on a Windows machine is either too
expensive or too complicated;
o It is a flexible tool that allows both the teaching of traditional procedural programming and
modern OOP; It can be used to teach a large number of transferable skills;
o It is a real-world programming language that can be and is used in academia and the
commercial world;
o It appears to be quicker to learn and, in combination with its many libraries, this offers the
possibility of more rapid student development allowing the course to be made more
challenging and varied;

and most importantly, its clean syntax offers increased understanding

and enjoyment for students
5 |Pa
ge