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    Towards The Republic of Ireland

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    Carlota Dcp
    This document summarizes the history of Irish opposition and independence movements from the late 18th century through the establishment of the Irish Free State in the early 1920s. It describes the United Irishmen rebellion in 1798, Daniel O'Connell's campaign for Catholic emancipation in the 1820s, the Fenian movement in the 1860s, and the Home Rule League in the late 19th century. It then discusses the Easter Rising of 1916, the Irish War of Independence from 1919-1921, and the subsequent Irish Civil War between pro-treaty and anti-treaty factions over the terms of the 1921 Anglo-Irish Treaty.

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    Towards The Republic of Ireland

    Uploaded by

    Carlota Dcp
    26 views8 pages
    This document summarizes the history of Irish opposition and independence movements from the late 18th century through the establishment of the Irish Free State in the early 1920s. It describes the United Irishmen rebellion in 1798, Daniel O'Connell's campaign for Catholic emancipation in the 1820s, the Fenian movement in the 1860s, and the Home Rule League in the late 19th century. It then discusses the Easter Rising of 1916, the Irish War of Independence from 1919-1921, and the subsequent Irish Civil War between pro-treaty and anti-treaty factions over the terms of the 1921 Anglo-Irish Treaty.

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    This document summarizes the history of Irish opposition and independence movements from the late 18th century through the establishment of the Irish Free State in the early 1920s. It describes the United Irishmen rebellion in 1798, Daniel O'Connell's campaign for Catholic emancipation in the 1820s, the Fenian movement in the 1860s, and the Home Rule League in the late 19th century. It then discusses the Easter Rising of 1916, the Irish War of Independence from 1919-1921, and the subsequent Irish Civil War between pro-treaty and anti-treaty factions over the terms of the 1921 Anglo-Irish Treaty.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    26 views8 pages

    Towards The Republic of Ireland

    Uploaded by

    Carlota Dcp
    This document summarizes the history of Irish opposition and independence movements from the late 18th century through the establishment of the Irish Free State in the early 1920s. It describes the United Irishmen rebellion in 1798, Daniel O'Connell's campaign for Catholic emancipation in the 1820s, the Fenian movement in the 1860s, and the Home Rule League in the late 19th century. It then discusses the Easter Rising of 1916, the Irish War of Independence from 1919-1921, and the subsequent Irish Civil War between pro-treaty and anti-treaty factions over the terms of the 1921 Anglo-Irish Treaty.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 8

    Towards the

    Republic of
    Ireland
    Background:Movements of
    opposition to British rule
    since the 18th century:
    Irish Rebellion (1798).
    The main organising force was the
    Society of United Irishmen, a
    republican revolutionary group
    influenced by the ideas of the
    American and French revolutions.
    France sent an armada in support of
    the rebellion, but it failed to land in
    Ireland. The uprising was quickly and
    brutally suppressed. It stimulated
    the passing of the Act of Union
    (1800).
    Daniel O’Connell and Catholic
    Emancipation (1829)
    O’Connell was the political leader of Ireland's
    Roman Catholic majority in the first half of the
    19th century. His mobilization of Catholic Ireland,
    down to the poorest class of tenant farmers,
    secured the final installment of Catholic
    emancipation (removal of restrictions of rights for
    the Catholic population in the UK) in 1829 and
    allowed him to take a seat in the UK Parliament. He
    rejected the use of violence.
    He failed in his attempt to have the Act of Union
    repealed.
    The Fenian Movement

    The Fenians were Irish nationalists


    organised in secret societies that
    fought for Irish Independence using
    guerilla and terrorist tactics. They
    were active in the 1860s in Ireland,
    England and the United States.
    American Fenians organised raids
    against British Canada. These raids
    were an argument in favour of
    Canadian Confederation (the process
    by which three British North
    American provinces, the Province of
    Canada, Nova Scotia, and New
    Brunswick, were united into one
    federation called the Dominion of
    Canada, in 1867
    The Home Rule League

    The Home Rule League or Home Rule Party was a an Irish


    political party which campaigned in British Parliament for home
    rule for Ireland within the UK. It became especially influential
    under the leadership of Charles Stuart Parnell (1877-1890), as
    the party held the balance of power between Gladstone’s
    Liberals and Conservatives in Parliament.
    (Only in 1909 were the Liberals able to gain power without the
    votes of Home Rule MPs.)
    In the meantime, a more expeditive organization, the Land
    League, fought a campaign against evictions in the ‘Land War’
    (1879-82) which included boycotting and the use of violence.
    Ireland in the early 20th
    Century
    • Prime Minister Gladstone had decided to
    grant Home Rule, but the first Home Rule Bill
    of 1886 was rejected, the second bill was
    mutilated in 1893.
    • The 1914 Home Rule Bill was suspended in
    practice for the duration of the First World
    War. During the war, the situation in Ireland
    was tense and there was resistance to
    conscription.
    • Easter Rising of 1916: Armed insurrection
    against British rule. It only lasted for 6 days.
    All the leaders were executed, which
    promoted sympathy for Independence.
    • In the election of December 1918, the Republican party Sinn Feinn
    won 73 seats out of 81 in the south and its representatives
    Irish War of withdrew from Westminster and set up their own unofficial
    parliament in the Dublin.
    Independence • 1919-1921: Irish War of Independence The Irish Republican Army
    (IRA) successfully fought the British Army and the Royal Irish
    Constabulary (RIC)
    The Irish Free State and the
    Irish Civil War
    • 1921: Anglo-Irish Treaty. The British grant self-government
    to Ireland as a dominion within the Commonwealth, with
    the King as Head of State. The Irish Free State is born.
    However, this is accompanied by partition of the island:
    Ulster, with a Protestant majority remains with the UK.
    • 1922-23. Irish Civil War. War ensues between between the
    Provisional Government of Ireland and the Irish Republican
    Army (IRA) over the Anglo-Irish Treaty. The anti-treaty
    opposition sees it as a betrayal of the Irish Republic which
    was proclaimed during the Easter Rising of 1916. The war is
    won by the pro-treaty Free Irish State forces, who have
    British support.
    • Michael Collins is an important figure. He was one of the
    leaders of the IRA during the War of Independence, and
    later a leader of the Provisional Government of the Irish
    Free State. He was killed by the IRA in the Civil War.

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