ANESTHESIA
ANESTHESIA
ANESTHESIA
-reduces the need for pain medicine after surgery, and other
side effects such as nausea
• Definition
• Functions
• Safety features
• System components
• Parts
• Types
ANESTHESIA MACHINE
-an apparatus used to deliver general anesthesia to patients as they
undergo a medical procedure
-a device which delivers a precisely-known but variable gas mixture,
including anesthetizing and life-sustaining gases
What it does:
1. receives medical gases from a gas supply
2. controls the flow and reduces the pressure of desired gases to a safe
level
3. vaporizes volatile anesthetics into the final gas mixture
4. delivers the gases to a breathing circuit that is connected to the patient’s
airway
ANESTHESIA MACHINE
Functions:
1. to deliver oxygen to a patient (Everything about an anesthesia
machine is built around the purpose of delivering oxygen to a
patient. All the fail-safe systems of a machine concern the
prevention of the delivery of a hypoxic mixture, not the delivery of
anesthetic agents)
2. to provide a means of positive-pressure ventilation (means of being
able to force oxygen into a patient because apnea is a major effect
of anesthetics)
3. to deliver inhalational anesthetic agents to a patient
ANESTHESIA MACHINE
Safety features:
• linkage of the nitrous oxide gas flow to the oxygen gas flow
helps ensure a minimum oxygen concentration of 25%
• All modern vaporizers are agent specific and temperature
corrected, capable of delivering a constant concentration of
agent regardless of temperature changes or flow through the
vaporizer
• Pressure relief valves
• Color coded cylinders
• Pressure regulator
Required components of an anesthesia workstation
1. Battery backup for 30 minutes
2. Alarms
• Grouped into high, medium, and low priority
• High priority alarms may not be silenced for more than 2 minutes
• Certain alarms and monitors must be automatically enabled and functioning
prior to use, either through turning the machine on, or by following the
pre-use checklist: breathing circuit pressure, oxygen concentration, exhaled
volume or carbon dioxide (or both)
• A high-priority pressure alarm must sound if:
*user-adjustable limits are exceeded
*continuing high pressure is sensed
*negative pressure is sensed
Required components of an anesthesia workstation
A. Electrical Components:
1. Master Switch: activates both pneumatic & electrical functions
System Components
A. Electrical Components:
2. Power Failure Indicator: audible & visible
3. Reserve Power: rechargeable and dual supply
4. Electrical Outlets: to power monitors, does not provide
electricity during power failure
5. Circuit Breakers: when activated, electrical load should be
reduced before resetting the circuit breaker
System Components
A. Electrical Components:
6. Data Communication Ports:
communication between the
machine, monitors and the data
management system
System Components
B. Pneumatic System:
1. High pressure circuit (gas cylinders on the back of the
machine)
2. Medium pressure circuit (receives gases at low, relatively
constant pressures: gases from the pipeline or wall source)
3. Low pressure circuit (flowmeters)
High pressure circuit
-Receives gases from cylinders at high, variable
pressures and reduces those pressures to lower,
more constant pressure suitable for use in the
machine
COMPONENTS:
• Hanger yoke assembly
• Cylinder pressure gauge
• Pressure reducing device
High pressure circuit: Hanger yoke
-orients and supports the
cylinder
-provides a tight seal and
ensures unidirectional gas
flow
-there must be one yoke each
for oxygen and nitrous oxide
High pressure circuit: Cylinder pressure gauge
bellow
vaporizer
Scavenging
system
Soda lime
Types of anesthesia machine:
• Intermittent
-gas flows only during
inspiration
-operate on demand
system
-used in: obstetric and
dental analgesia, OPD
diagnostic procedures
Ex. Entonox apparatus,
Mackenssons apparatus
Types of anesthesia machine:
• Continuous
-gas flows both
during
inspiration and
expiration
Ex. Boyle
machine,
Forregar,
Draeger
Post test: