02 Cloud-Intro

1.
Introduction to
cloud computing
Why Cloud Computing?
Web-scale problems
Large data centers
Different models of computing
Highly-interactive Web applications
-2-
Web-Scale Problems
Characteristics
Definitely data-intensive
May also be processing intensive
Examples
Crawling, indexing, searching, mining the Web
“Post-genomics” life sciences research
Other scientific data (physics, astronomers, etc.)
Sensor networks
Web 2.0 applications
…
-3-
How much data?
Wayback Machine (WWW pages) has 2 PB + 20 TB/month (2006)

Google processes 20 PB a day (2008)
“all words ever spoken by human beings” ~ 5 EB
NOAA has ~1 PB climate data (2007)
CERN’s LHC will generate 15 PB a year (2008)
640K ought to be
enough for anybody
Wayback Machine: History archiving of Homepages
-4-
Cloud Computing Definition
Cloud computing can be defined as “a

Applications
Data new style of computing in which
Computing dynamically scalable and often
virtualized resources are provided as a
services with pay-as-you-go manner
over the Internet”
Can be ubiquitously accessed from any
connected devices (PCs, laptops, smart
phones, and PDAs) over the internet
Businesses,
4+ billion phones by from startups Emerging Cloud applications include -
2010 [Source: Nokia] to enterprises social networking, gaming portals,
business applications, media content
delivery, and scientific workflows -5-
Cloud Computing Definition
It is a scalable and flexible distributed computing environment

It consists of a collection of interconnected and virtualized computers
that are dynamically provisioned and presented as one or more unified
computing resources to consumers
It delivers different levels of services (e.g, SaaS, PaaS, IaaS) to
customers anywhere, anytime via Internet
It is driven by economies of scale that is the services can be
dynamically configured and delivered “on-demand”
It provides the ability to pay for use of computing resources as needed
It benefits to consumers by freeing them from the low level task of

setting up basic hardware (servers) and soft-ware infrastructures and
thus reduce the cost of ‘in-house’ provisioning of these services
“The Cloud”: What’s New?
A style of computing where massively scalable

(and elastic) IT-related capabilities are provided
“as a service” to external customers using
Internet technologies.
What’s new?
Acquisition Business Model Access Model: Technical Model:

Model : Based o : Based on pay Over the Internet Scalable, elastic,
n purchasing of for use to ANY device dynamic, multi-te
services nant, & sharable
Business Benefits
Cost efficient model for creating and acquiring

information services
Removes or reduces IT management complexity
Increases business responsiveness with real-time

capacity reallocation
Powers rich internet applications
-8-
Layers of Cloud Computing
Cloud computing can be viewed as a collection of

services (XaaS), which can be presented as a layered
cloud computing architecture
Applica
t-ions
Programming
platforms, too
ls. APIs
Computing, storage, net

work
-9-
Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)
In this case, applications are exposed as a service

running on a cloud infrastructure
The client contains a simple browser to access the
application
A well-known example of SaaS is salesforce.com
Others example include Google Apps, blist, slide
rocket ,Microsoft Office Online etc.
◀ Software-as-a-Service
-10-
Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS)
Infrastructure-as-a-service (IaaS) refers to computing resources as

a service
This includes virtualized computers with guaranteed processing

power and reserved bandwidth for storage and Internet access
Instead of owning, managing or controlling the underlying

infrastructure, the infrastructure is rented as a service
Examples include Amazon Elastic Cloud Compute (EC2), Sun

Microsoft's Nework.com, IBM Blue Cloud, 3Tera etc.
Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS)
PaaS is similar to IaaS, but also includes operating systems and

required services for a particular application
In other words, PaaS is IaaS with a custom software stack for the
given application
The PaaS provides Integrated
Development Environment
(IDE) including
data security,
backup and recovery
application hosting and
scalable architecture
Three Categories of Cloud Services
According to Chappell (2008) there are three categories of cloud

services, as follows
SaaS
Attached services
Cloud Platform
-13-
Types of Cloud Computing
Public Public clouds are run by third parties, and applications

Cloud from different customers are likely to be mixed together
on the cloud’s servers, storage systems, and networks
Private
Cloud
Public clouds are most often hosted away from custo
Hybrid mer premises, and they provide a way to reduce custom
Cloud er risk and cost by providing a flexible, even temporary
extension to enterprise infrastructure
-14-
Public Private clouds are built for the exclusive use of one
Cloud client, providing the utmost control over data, secur
ity, and quality of service
Private
Cloud The company owns the infrastructure and has cont
rol over how applications are deployed on it
Hybrid
Cloud Private clouds may be deployed in an enterprise da
tacenter, and they also may be deployed at a colloc
ation facility
-15-
Public Hybrid clouds combine both public and private

Cloud cloud models
They can help to provide on-demand, externally
Private provisioned scale
Cloud
The ability to augment a private cloud with
The resources of a public cloud can be used to
Hybrid maintain service levels in the face of rapid workload
Cloud fluctuations
Example: This is most often seen with the use of

storage clouds to support Web 2.0 applications
-16-
2. Enabling
technologies
Virtualization
Virtualize and share resources among

different applications with the objective
for better server utilization
Virtualization technologies include

virtual machine techniques such as
VMwareand Xen, and virtual networks,
such as VPN
Virtual machines provide virtualized

IT-infrastructures on-demand
Virtual networks support users with a

customized network environment to
access cloud resources.
-18-
Web Service and SOA
Cloud services are typically designed as Web services,

which follow industry standards including WSDL, SOAP,
and UDDI
A Service Oriented Architecture organizes and manages
Web services inside clouds
A SOA also includes a set of cloud services, which are
available on various distributed platforms
Service Flow and Workflows
The concept of service flow and workflow refers to an integrated

view of service based activities provided in clouds
Web 2.0 and Mashup
Web 2.0 enhances creativity, information sharing, and collaboration

among users on the Web
Mashup is a web application that combines data from more than one
source into a single integrated storage tool
Both technologies are very beneficial for cloud computing
A cloud computing
architecture, in which an
application reuses various
components
-20-
3. Cloud computing
features
Cloud computing features
Scalability and on-demand services

Provides resources and services for users on demand
User-centric interface
Location independent and can be accessed by any device
Guaranteed Quality of Service (QoS)
Guarantee QoS for users in terms of hardware/CPU
performance, bandwidth, and memory capacity
Autonomous system
Managed transparently to users
Pricing
No capital expenditure is required
Users pay for services and capacity as they need them -22-
Cloud Computing Security
One of the critical issues in implementing cloud computing is

taking virtual machines, which contain critical applications and
sensitive data, to public and shared cloud environments.
Therefore, potential cloud computing users are concerned about
the following security issues
Will the users still have the same security policy control
over their applications and services?
Can it be proved to the organization that the system is
still secure and meets SLAs?
Is the system complaint and can it be proved to
company’s auditors?
-23-
4. Cloud computing
platforms
Cloud Computing Platforms
Key Players in Cloud Computing Platforms (adapted from Lakshmanan(2009))
-25-
Pricing
Pricing for cloud platforms and services is based on three key dimensions:
Storage
It is typically measured as average daily amount of
data stored in GB over a monthly period
Bandwidth
It is measured by calculating the total amount of
data transferred in and out of platform service
through transaction and batch processing
Compute
It is measured as the time units needed to run an instance,
or application, or machine to servicing requests
-26-
Pricing comparison for Cloud computing
Pricing comparison for cloud computing
-27-
5. Example of web
application
deployment
Example of web application deployment
An example of the deployment of an application into a two-tier

Web server architecture using cloud computing
-29-
6. Cloud computing
challenges
Cloud computing challenges
Performance
Security and Privacy
Control
Bandwidth Costs
Reliability
-31-
Cloud Computing in the Future
Distributed hybrid Cloud architecture

-32-

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1.

Wayback Machine (WWW pages) has 2 PB + 20 TB/month (2006)

Wayback Machine: History archiving of Homepages

Cloud computing can be defined as “a

It is a scalable and flexible distributed computing environment

It benefits to consumers by freeing them from the low level task of

A style of computing where massively scalable

Acquisition Business Model Access Model: Technical Model:

Cost efficient model for creating and acquiring

Removes or reduces IT management complexity

Increases business responsiveness with real-time

Powers rich internet applications

Cloud computing can be viewed as a collection of

Computing, storage, net

In this case, applications are exposed as a service

Infrastructure-as-a-service (IaaS) refers to computing resources as

This includes virtualized computers with guaranteed processing

Instead of owning, managing or controlling the underlying

Examples include Amazon Elastic Cloud Compute (EC2), Sun

PaaS is similar to IaaS, but also includes operating systems and

According to Chappell (2008) there are three categories of cloud

Public Public clouds are run by third parties, and applications

Public Hybrid clouds combine both public and private

Example: This is most often seen with the use of

Virtualize and share resources among

Virtualization technologies include

Virtual machines provide virtualized

Virtual networks support users with a

Cloud services are typically designed as Web services,

Service Flow and Workflows

The concept of service flow and workflow refers to an integrated

Web 2.0 enhances creativity, information sharing, and collaboration

Scalability and on-demand services

One of the critical issues in implementing cloud computing is

Key Players in Cloud Computing Platforms (adapted from Lakshmanan(2009))

Pricing comparison for cloud computing

An example of the deployment of an application into a two-tier

Distributed hybrid Cloud architecture

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