Momentum & Turning Effects of Forces

PHYSICS
ASSESSMENT- 2
MOMENTUM, STABILITY & TURNING EFFECT OF FORCES
MAX MARKS: 60 TIME: 1.5 HRS
1. Photograph C shows how a student can use a claw hammer to pull a nail from a piece of
wood.
(a) The mass of the hammer is 0.454 kg.

(i) Calculate the weight of the hammer. (1)
Weight ................................................. N
(ii) From what point does this weight act? (1)
(b) Photograph D shows the directions of two other forces on the hammer.
(i) Draw an arrow on photograph D to show the force on the nail from the hammer. (1)
(ii) Suggest two ways that the student could do to increase the moment on the hammer. (2)
(1)
(2)
2. A toy train is placed on the middle of a bridge on a model railway.
The weight of the train acts through its centre of gravity.
Ignore the weight of the bridge.

(a) Which row of the table shows the correct values for forces X and Y? (1)
(b) Describe how force X changes if the train moves from P to Q. (2)
3. The diagram shows the apparatus used to investigate moments.

The 2 N weight is placed 60 cm from the pivot.
The newtonmeter is placed 10 cm from the pivot.
(a) (i) Calculate the reading on the newtonmeter. Ignore the weight of the ruler. (3)
(b) The metre rule is replaced by an iron bar.

The iron bar is 1 m long and has a weight of 10 N.
The newtonmeter and the 2 N weight stay in their original position.
Explain how this change affects the reading on the newtonmeter. (3)
4. A man uses a uniform plank to lift a block. He holds the plank horizontal.
The arrows on the diagram represent three forces on the plank.

(a) Complete the table to identify the missing force. (1)
(b) (i) Calculate the clockwise moment of the block about the pivot. (2)
(c) Calculate the force of the man pushing down on the plank. (4)
5. A boy of mass 43.2 kg runs and jumps onto a stationary skateboard.
The boy lands on the skateboard with a horizontal velocity of 4.10 m/s.
(i) State the relationship between momentum, mass and velocity. (1)
(ii) The skateboard has a mass of 2.50 kg. Using ideas about conservation of momentum,
calculate the combined velocity of the boy and skateboard just after the boy lands on it. (4)
(b) The boy holds a heavy ball as he stands on a stationary skateboard. The boy throws the
ball forwards while still standing on the skateboard.
Explain what happens to the boy and the skateboard. (2)
6.
7. (a) Explain why momentum is a vector quantity. (1)
(b) The crumple zone at the front of a car is designed to collapse during a collision.
In a laboratory test, a car of mass 1200 kg is driven into a concrete wall, as shown in Fig. 2.1.
A video recording of the test shows that the car is brought to rest in 0.36 s when it collides
with the wall. The speed of the car before the collision is 7.5 m / s.
Calculate
(i) the change of momentum of the car, (2)
(ii) the average force acting on the car. (2)
average force = ...........................................................

(c) A different car has a mass of 1500 kg. It collides with the same wall and all of the energy
transferred during the collision is absorbed by the crumple zone.
(i) The energy absorbed by the crumple zone is 4.3 × 105 J.
Show that the speed of the car before the collision is 24 m / s. (2)
(ii) Suggest what would happen to the car if it is travelling faster than 24 m / s when it hits
the wall. (1)
8.
(1)
(ii) State the principle of conservation of momentum. (1)
(b) Fig. 2.1 shows two fairground “bumper” cars.
The car with passengers, of total mass 200 kg, is moving in a straight line. It is travelling at
2.5 m / s when it hits a stationary empty car of mass 50 kg. After the collision, the empty car
moves forwards in the same direction at a speed of 4.0 m / s. For the car with passengers,
determine,
(i) its momentum when it is travelling at 2.5 m / s, (2)
(ii) the speed and direction of its motion immediately after the collision. (2)
(iii) Fixed to the front and the back of the cars are large springs. When the cars collide the
springs compress.
The total momentum before and after are the same. Hence explain how the ‘bumpers’ of
the bumpers reduce the impact or force on the person driving it. (3)

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PHYSICS

(a) The mass of the hammer is 0.454 kg.

(ii) From what point does this weight act? (1)

2. A toy train is placed on the middle of a bridge on a model railway.

The weight of the train acts through its centre of gravity.

Ignore the weight of the bridge.

3. The diagram shows the apparatus used to investigate moments.

(b) The metre rule is replaced by an iron bar.

The arrows on the diagram represent three forces on the plank.

5. A boy of mass 43.2 kg runs and jumps onto a stationary skateboard.

Explain what happens to the boy and the skateboard. (2)

(ii) the average force acting on the car. (2)

average force = ...........................................................

(ii) State the principle of conservation of momentum. (1)

(b) Fig. 2.1 shows two fairground “bumper” cars.

(i) its momentum when it is travelling at 2.5 m / s, (2)

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