*UPDATED* For 2022-23 Boards Exam

SHOBHIT NIRWAN's
DESIGNED

LIFELINES OF NATIONAL
ECONOMY
NOTES
 Problems faced by
Road Transportation
Waterways Roadways
Super Highways
-1
-

some National waterways

seaports
-

National Highways
Major LAND -

State Highways
-

kandlatokvchchh -

District Roads
-
Mumbai
-

Jawarlal Nehru Port

-

Rural Roads
-

Marmagaopoot ( Goa) -
Border Roads
Port
-
New Mangalore( Kamath)
-
kochchi Railways
Tuticorin Problems faced by Railways
-

Chennai
-

Vishakapatnam pipelines
Paradwppportlodisha)
Important Pipeline Networks
-

Kolkata
-

-
Haldia Port

Airways means of Transport

Lifelines
of Trade
National
communication Economy f- International Trade

/
-

Bdlanceoftoadelbol)
communication
Persopnal
costal system
Telecom Networks .
Tourism

Mass communication
Television and Radio
Newspaper Periodicals
,

and magazines
films
 ⑥

# TRANSPORT The movement of goods and services from supply locations to

-

demand location is termed as transportation .

Roadways
of the road networks in the woald ,
India has
56 lakh km
one
.
largest aggregating to about
Road transport is growing in importance as
comparedto railways because -

cost of of roads is much

constructing lower than that of railway lines .

° Roads can traverse comparatively more dissected and undulating topography .

Roads can
o
negotiate higher gradients of slope and can traverse mountains like
Himalayas
Road transport is economical in transportation of few person and
°
relatively smaller
amount of goods over short distances .

It provides door to door services, thus the cost of loading and

unloading is much
° - -

lower .

°
It is also used as feeder to other modes of transport as they provide link between
railway stations , air and sea ports .

# Classification of Roads on the basis of capacity :

L
Quadrilateral
It includes major road development projects like Golden
Super Highways Delhi
-

Mumbai Chennai Kolkata and Delhi by six lane super

linking highway
-
-
- -

It also includes North South Corridor and Kanyakumari and

linking Srinagar
-

fast west corridor linking Silchar and Porbandar These projects are being
-

implemented by National Highway Authority of India IN HAI) .

2 .
National Highway They link extreme parts of country They
-

. are laid & maintained

by central Public works Department Cc PWD) .

Different NHS -

Delhi to America (Sher Shah Suri

NH L
: Marg)
-
:

NH -

2 Delhi to Kolkata
Varanasi to Kanyakumari (
NH 7 2369km)
longest
- :
,

NH 8 -
: Delhi to Mumbai

Roads capital with different district head

3 State .

Highway are linking a state

-

constructed and maintained

-

quarters They .
State public works by
Department ( PWD) .

4 . District Roads These roads connect the direct headquarter with other places
-

of the district They are maintained by the Zilla Parishad

.
.

5 .
Rural Roads link rural areas and villages with towns These roads received
-

special impetus under the Pradhan Mantri Grameen Sadak Yojana Under .
 ②

this scheme , special provisions are made to connect every villages in the country
to a
major town
by an all season motorable road .

Border Roads Border Roads C BRO) a Government of India under

6.
Organisation
-
-

,
and maintains the roads in the
taking
-

constructs bordering areas of the

country It was established in 1960 and has improved the accessibility in

.

areas of difficult terrain and have helped in the economic development of

these area .

# Problem faced by Road Transportation :

°
Many roads being unmelted due to which
, transportation is difficult
during rainy season .

°
Inadequate reach of National Highways in many places .

High traffic congestion on roads in cities

° .

Railways I close 2019,2015 ]

o
Railways are the principal mode of transportant for freight Cgoods) and
passengers in India , carry bulky weight and excellent for distances
longover .

°
The Indian Railways have a network of 7,133 stations spread a route

length of 64,460km .

o for the administrative convenience India railways are divided into 16 zones
,
.

° There are 3
types of gauges Hail way track) broad gu age , metre guage and
narrow
garage .

°
There are many challenges for Indian Railways as -

→
It is difficult lay railway lines in sandy plains of Western India,
to
hilly and mountainous regions of peninsular India and Himalayas .

→
It requires construction of bridges over rivers in North and Eastern
India
→
There are problems of sinking of railway tracks and landslides

→
blocking the track .

The initial costs of laying the tracks are too high .

# Problems faced by Railways :

-

°
Many passengers travel without ticket .

°
Thefts and damaging of railway property .

°
People pull chains unnecessarily which cause heavy damage to railways .

Delaying of trains
°
.

°
Landslides and sinking of tracks in some stretches .
 ③

Pipelines
°
Pipelines transport network is a new arrival on the transportation map
of India .

°
Earlier , it used to was water to cities and industries
transport .

°
Now , these are used to transport crude oil , petroleum products and
natural gas from natural gas fields to refiners , fertilizer factories and
big thermal power plants .

°
Initial cost of pipeline is high but subsequent running costs are
laying
minimal .

°
It reduces trans -

shipment losses or delays

# Important PipelineNetworks -

°
from oil fields in Upper Assam to Kanpur .

° from Sala ya to Jalandhar

°
Gas pipeline from Hazira to Jagdishpur .

Waterways
°
Waterways are cheapest means of transport
the .

°
It is suitable for carrying heavy and bulky goods .

°
It is fuel efficient -
and environment mode friendly of transport .

India has inland navigation waterways of 14,500km in length

°
.

°
95% of country trade volume ( in terms value) is moved
68% of by sea .

# Some National waterways :

NW L The a other between Allah bad and Haldia Cl 620km)

gang
-
-

YEN KI
'
-
2 -

the Brahmaputra river between Sadiya and Dhubri 1891 km)

NW 3 - -

The West Coast Canal of Kerala 1205km)

-

NW 4 -
-

specified stretches of Godavari and Krishna rivers along with .

Kakinada Puducherry stretch of canals 11078km)

NW 5 -
-

specified stretches of rivers Brahmani along with Metal river delta ,

channels of Mahanadi and Brahmani rivers and East Coast Canal

(588 km) .

# Major sea Ports :

o It was the first port developed soon after Independence
Kandla in Kuch ch h 3

to ease the volume of trade on the Mumbai

port It is a tidal port . .

°
Mumbai : It is the biggest with a spacious natural and well sheltered
port
-

harbour .

°
Jawaharlal Nehru Port : It was planned with a view to decongest the Mumbai
port and serve as a hub post for this region .

(Goa) : It is premier iron ore exporting port of the country

gao Port about
° Mar ma .

It accounts for 50% of India 's iron ore export .

 ⑨

o New Poot ( Karnal ka ) : It caters to the

Mangalore export of a lagoon with a
-

natural harbour .

°
Koch Chi : It is the extreme South Western port , located at the entrance of a lagoon
-

with a natural harbour .

o Tuticorin : It is the extreme South Eastern port it has a natural harbour and
-

rich hinterland .

°
Chennai : It is one of the oldest artificial ports of India It ranks second .

after Mumbai in terms of the volume of trade and cargo .

°
Vishakhapatnam : It is the deepest landlocked and well protected port -
.

°
Para dwip port Odisha) It specialises in the iron ore export
:

°
Kolkata : It is an inland riverine post The port serves a very large and hint .
-

er land of
Ganga Brahmaputra basin Being a tidal port , it requires constant
-
-
.

dredging of Hoog ly .

Haldia Port It :
developed subsidiary port to relieve
growing pressure
°
was as a

on the Kolkata Port .

Airways
o
Airways is the fastest , most comfortable and
prestigious mode of transport .

°
It can cover difficult terrains like high mountains , dreary deserts dense ,

forests and oceanic stretches with

°
long great ease
Pawan hans Helicopter Ltd provides helicopter service to oil and Natural Gas
.
.

Corporation CONGC) in its off shore operations -

°
The air transport was nationalised in 1953 .

°
Air travel is not within the reach of common people , it is only in the north -

eastern States that special provisions have been made to extend the service to
the common people .

Communication
↳ act of exchanging information .

# Personal communication :

°
Postal system The Indian :
postal network
is the largest in the world .

Cards and envelopes are considered first class mail lair lifted) whereas The -

second class mail includes book packets , registered newspaper and periodicals
-

(surface mails .

six channels have been introduced to facilitate quick delivery in cities

Recently
and large towns Rajdhani channel Metro Channel , Green Channel , Business
.
,

channel , Bulk mail channel and Personal channel .

°
Telecom Networks :
India has
of the largest telecom network in Asia Excluding
one .

urban area more than two thirds of the villages in India have been covered with
-
 ⑤

Subscribers Trunk Dialling Cst D) .

# Mass communication :
mass communication provides entertainment and creates awareness
among people
about various national programme and policies .

°
Television and Radio : All India Radio ( Akash Wani) and Doordarshan , the
national TV channel broadcast a variety of programmes in national regional
,

and local languages .

°
Newspapers Periodicals & Magazines India publishes a large number
,
:
of newspaper
and periodicals Newspapers are published in about 100
, languages .

° films : India is the

largest producer of feature films in the world The Central .

Board of film certification is the authority to certify both Indian and foreign
films .

Trade
Exchange of goods between people ,
States and countries is known as trade .

# International Trade : The trade between two countries is known as

International Trade .

Exports and Imports are the

components of trade When
.

goods are sent to

another country for sale , it is export , whereas called
goods from when come
another country to be sold in India , is called Import .

Advancement of international trade of a country is an index of its economic

prosperityAs the resources are
. bound so no country can survive without
spaced
international trade .

India has emerged as software giant at International level .

# Balance of Trade ( Bo T) : The balance of trade of a country is the difference

between its export and its import .

When the value of exports exceeds the value of

imports , it is known as
favourable balance of trade When the value of imports exceeds the value of
.

exports it is known as unfavourable balance of trade

,
.

Export commodities of India : Agriculture and allied product ,

ores and minerals ,
petroleum products gems and , jewellery .

Import commodities of India : Petroleum and petroleum products , pearls and precious
stones, chemicals , coke ,coal , briquettes and machinery .
 ⑥

Tourism
°
More than 15 million people are directly engaged in the tourism industry .

It also
promotes national integrity , provides support to local handicrafts and
cultural pursuits.

°
It also helps in the of international
development understanding about our
culture and heritage .

°
foreign tourists visit India for heritage tourism , eco tourism , adventure
-

tourism , business tourism , cultural tourism and medical tourism .

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CH-7: LIFELINES OF NATIONAL ECONOMY

2019
22. Explain the importance of Railways as a means of transport.

ANSWERS:
22. The importance of railways as the principal mode of transportation for freight and
passengers in India are as follows:
i). Railways make it possible to conduct multifarious activities like business, sightseeing,
pilgrimage along with transportation of goods.
ii). It is suitable for long distance travel.
iii). Plays an important role in national integration.
iv). Railways bind the economic life of the country

an
V). It accelerates the development of the industry and agriculture.

2018
11. "Dense and efficient network of transport is a prerequisite for local and national
development." Analyse the statement.

ANSWERS:
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11. Efficient network of transport is prerequisite for local and national development:
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i). The movement of the goods and services from their supply locations to demand locations
necessitates the need for transportation.
ii). Development of country depends upon the production of goods and services as well as
movement to their destinations.
hi

iii). Transport helps in both production and distribution of goods.

iv). Supports all sectors of the economy.
ob

2017
14. Examine with example the role of means of transport and communication in making our
life prosperous and comfortable.
Sh

ANSWERS:
14. Important role means of transport and communication plays:
i). Today, the world has the been converted into a large village with the help of efficient and
fast moving transport.
ii). Transport has been able to achieve this with the help of equally developed
communication system.
iii). Therefore, transport communication and trade are complementary to each other.
iv). Railways, airways, waterways, newspapers, radio, television, cinema and internet have
been contributing to its economic progress in many ways.

2015
12. Explain the importance of railways as the principal mode of transportation for freight and
passengers in India.
ANSWER: 12. The railways are the main artery of inland transport in India. It is the lifeline of
the country as mentioned below :
(i) The Indian Railways have a network of 7,031 stations, 7,817 locomotives, 5,321
passenger service vehicles, 4,904 other coach vehicles and 2,28,170 wagons as on 31st
March, 2004.
(ii) Railways are useful in conducting business, sightseeing, pilgrimage along with
transportation of goods over longer distances.
(iii) It is the largest public undertaking in the country. Thus, the railways is playing an
important role in our economy.

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tN
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