Micropara Reviewer
Micropara Reviewer
Micropara Reviewer
PARA1001)
Microorganism
Lesson 1Significance and General Characteristics of Microorganisms
The real breakthrough in the field of microbiology was perhaps when Edward Jenner
developed a smallpox vaccine in 1796, using milder cowpox viruses which led to its eradication.
Viruses as previously mentioned, are noncellular. contain a protein coat called the
Capsid, a nucleic acid core containing DNA or RNA. capable of reproducing
only when inside a host cell.
Some viruses are enclosed in a protective envelope, some may have spikes to help
attach to the host cell, and most infect only specific host cells.
Different shapes of viruses
Taxonomy Bacteriophages
Viruses belong to families whose names end in Viruses attack bacteria are called
–viridae, genusModel
whose (left)
namesand electron micrograph of a bacteriophage
end in -virus.. bacteriophage or just phage. T-phages are a
(Biology
Group of viruses sharingJunction, 2020)
the same genetic specific class of bacteriophages with
information and ecological niche (host) belong icosahedral heads, double-stranded DNA, and
to the same viral species and subspecies are tails. T-phages are T4 and T7 which infect E.
designated by a number or letter - Identified coli, an intestinal bacteria have six small spikes
either be RNA or DNA - to the presence of an at the base of a contractile tail are used to attach
envelope, according to capsid shape, and host to the host cell and inject viral DNA into cell.
they infect.
Viral Replication Retrovirus
Viruses are very specific as to which species they Retroviruses contain RNA and not DNA as their
attack (host specific). Bacteriophage reproduction genetic material and contain enzyme
occurs in one of the cycles, either lytic or lysogenic. called reverse transcriptase. They belong to family
Lytic cycle- bacterial cells are broken open or lyzed Retroviridae. One is called human T-lymphotropic
and destroyed after immediate replication of the virus type
virus. As soon as the cell is destroyed, the phage 1 (HTLV-1) and the other is called human T-
progeny can find new hosts to lymphotropic virus type 2 (HTLV-II).
infect. lytic phages undergo a phenomenon known
as lysis inhibition. Temperate phages- able to
undergo lysogeny
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Taxonomy
Viruses belong to families whose names end in –viridae, genus whose names end in -virus.. Group of viruses
sharing the same genetic information and ecological niche (host) belong to the same viral species and subspecies
are designated by a number or letter - Identified either be RNA or DNA - to the presence of an envelope,
according to capsid shape, and host they infect.
Bacteriophages
Viruses attack bacteria are called bacteriophage or just phage. T-phages are a specific class of bacteriophages
with icosahedral heads, double-stranded DNA, and tails. T-phages are T4 and T7 which infect E. coli, an
intestinal bacteria have six small spikes at the base of a contractile tail are used to attach to the host cell and inject
viral DNA into cell.
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