Arterial System

Arterial System
TANVEER SAEED
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
AKU-SONAM
OBJECTIVES
Describe the following types of blood
circulation:
Pulmonary Circulation
Systemic Circulation
• Coronary Circulation
• Hepatic Portal Circulation
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Arterial System
Circulatory Loops
Two primary circulatory loops in the

human body:
1. Pulmonary circulation loop
2. Systemic circulation loop
Tanveer SaeedTANVEER SAEED

Pulmonary Circulation
Pulmonary circulation is
the movement of blood
from the heart, to the
lungs, and back to the
heart again.
For description Refer
diagram of blood flow
through heart
The Pulmonary Circulation
• From the right atrium the blood passes to the
right ventricle through the tricuspid valve (
RAV), which consists of three flaps (or
cusps) of tissue.
• The tricuspid valve remains open during
diastole, or ventricular filling.
• When the ventricle contracts, the valve
closes, sealing the opening and preventing
backflow into the right atrium.
• Five cords attached to small muscles, called
papillary muscles, on the ventricles' inner
surface prevent the valves' flaps from being
forced backward.
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The Pulmonary Circulation Cont’d
• From the right ventricle blood is

pumped through the pulmonary or
semilunar valve, which has three half-
moon-shaped flaps, into the pulmonary
artery.
• This valve prevents backflow from the
artery into the right ventricle.
• From the pulmonary artery blood is
pumped to the lungs where it releases
carbon dioxide and picks up oxygen.
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Circulatory System
Coronary Circulation
• Left and Right CA
• These vessels originate from the ascending
aorta immediately after the aortic valve and
branch out through the heart muscle.
• These arteries supply blood to the heart
muscle.
• The coronary veins transport the
deoxygenated blood from the heart muscle to
the right atrium. The heart's energy supply is
almost completely dependent on these
coronary vessels.
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Coronary Circulation
Coronary arteries
• Left anterior descending coronary
artery supply blood to the wall of both
ventricles.
• The circumflex CA branch supply
blood to left atrium and ventricle.
RCA
• Posterior descending branch supply
blood to the wall of both ventricles.
• The right marginal branch supply
blood to right atrium and ventricle.
Arterial system
Systemic circulation
Blood carried by branches of aorta around

the body and returned to the heart.
Supplies nourishment to all of the tissue
located throughout your body, with the
exception of the heart and lungs because
they have their own systems.
The Systemic Circulation
• Oxygenated blood from the lungs, is returned
to the heart through pulmonary veins, two
from each lung.
• From the pulmonary veins the blood enters
the left atrium and then passes through the
mitral valve to the left ventricle.
• As the ventricles contract, blood is driven
through the aortic valve into the aorta, the
major artery that supplies blood to the entire
body.
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The Systemic Circulation Cont’d
• Aorta 2.8 cm in diameter
• Originate from left ventricle
• ------ all arteries of SC are derived directly
or indirectly from aorta
Three part of Aorta:
1. Ascending aorta: 5 cm long---two CA
2. The aortic arch
3. Descending aorta------divided into:
• Thoracic aorta
• Abdominal aorta TANVEER SAEED
Aorta
Aortic arch gives three major branches:
• Brachiocephalic artery
• Left common carotid artery
• Left subclavian artery
Decsending aorta: longest part of aorta
• Extends through thorax in the left side
of mediastinum and through the
abdomen to the superior margin of the
pelvis.
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Abdominal aorta: part of DA

Part between diaphragm and point at
which aorta ends by dividing into two
common iliac arteries.
Has several branches supply
abdominal wall and organs.
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Abdominal Aorta
• Throacic aorta: portion of descending

aorta
• Located in thorax
• Has several branches
• Supply various structures between
aortic arch and the diaphragm.
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Arteries of Head and Neck
• Aortic arch----Brachiocephalic artery----
short artery----branches at the level of
clavicle to form right common carotid
artery------transports blood to Rt side of
head and neck and right subclavian
artery which transports blood to the
right upper limb.
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• Second and third branches of AA

• Left common carotid artery
------transports blood to Lt side of head
and neck and left subclavian artery
which transports blood to the left upper
limb.
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Common Carotids---extend superiorly
without branching, along either side of
the neck from their base to the inferior
angle of the mandible, where each CCA
branches into :
Internal and external carotid arteries
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Thoracic Aorta and Its branches
1.Visceral Arteries----supply thoracic organs
2. Parietal arteries----supplying thoracic wall
1.Visceral Arteries
• Pericardial artery
• Bronchial arteries
• Four or five esophageal arteries
• Mediastinal arteries: Numerous small supply to
different structures in mediastinum.

2. Parietal arteries
• Posterior intercostal: Nine pair of
posterior intercostal supply blood to
intercostal, pectoralis major and minor,
overlying subcutaneous tissue and
skin, mammary gland, vertebrae,
meninges and spinal cord.
• Sub costal: Distribution is same to
posterior intercostal.
• Superior phrenic: supply superior and
posterior portion of the diaphragm.
Abdominal Aorta
• The branches of the abdominal aorta
may be divided into three sets:
1. Visceral branches:which supply the
organs in the abdomen, renals,
testicles and ovaries. Visceral
branches are divided into paired and
unpaired branches.
2. Parietal branches: which supply the
diaphragm from below and the
posterior abdominal walls
3. Terminal branches: which descend to
supply the organs of the pelvis.
TanveerTANVEER
SaeedTANVEER
SAEEDSAEED
Abdominal Aorta Cont’d
Three major unpaired branches are:
• The celiac trunk----the belly
• The superior mesenteric artery
• The inferior mesenteric artery
Paired visceral branches:
• Inferior phrenic arteries
• Renal arteries
• Suprarenal arteries
• Gonadal arteries----testicular or ovarian
arteries
Coeliac artery (Trunk)
Gives three branches:
1 Left gastric artery supply blood to stomach and
esophagus.
2. Splenic artery: Supplies the spleen--- It give rise
other three arteries.
Pancreatic arteries, left gasrtroepiploic artery and
short gastric arteries.
3.Common hepatic artery give rise three arteries.
• Hepatic artery proper supply liver and gall
bladder.
• Right gastric artery supplies stomach
Tanveer SaeedTANVEER ED and duodenum.
• Gastrodudenal artery supplies stomach, duodenum and
pancreas.
Superior mesenteric artery
• supply blood to the small intestine and
proximal half of large intestine.
• Jejunal artery supply jejunum.
• Ileocolic artery supply ileum and
ascending colon.
• Right colic artery supplies ascending
colon.
• Middle colic artery supply the
transverse colon.

Inferior mesenteric artery
Left colic artery supplies the transverse
colon and descending colons.
Sigmoid artery supply the descending
and sigmoid colons.
Superior rectal artery supplies the
rectum.

Subclavian Artery
• Axillary artery supply blood to shoulder, thoracic,
scapular muscle and humerus.
• Brachial artery supply blood to the arm. we detect
the pulse of brachial artery at tri angular
depression anterior to elbow while taking blood
pressure.
• Radial artery supply blood to fore arm. At the wrist
it contact with the distal end of the radius and this
region is the site of pulse measuring.
• Ulnar artery supply blood to Forearm wrist and
hand.
• Superficial palmer arch and deep palmer arch both
supply to palm and digits.
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Iliac arteries
• Internal iliac artery supply to the pelvis,
buttocks, external genitals and thigh
• External iliac artery give rise branches
which supply the muscles of anterior
abdominal wall, cremaster muscles,
ligament of uterus and lower limb.
• Femoral artery supply to groin, muscles of
thigh and external genitals.
• Popliteal artery supply to gastrocnemius,
knee joint, femur, patella and fibula.
Pulse may be detected in popliteal artery.
Right anterior tibial artery
• Dorsal artery of the foot supply the muscles,

skin and joints of the dorsal aspect of the
feet.
• Dorsal metatarsal artery supply the feet.
• Dorsal digital artery supply the digits.
Arteries supply to brain
• Right and left vertebral artery combine to
form basilar artery.
• The basilar artery passes through the
brain stem and give off several branches
that supply Pons, Cerebellum and inner
ear.
• Internal carotid artery supply blood to eye
ball, orbital structure, ear and most of the
cerebrum and pituitary gland.
• Cerebral arterial circle (circle of Willis)
form from left and right internal carotid
and basilar artery, from this circle arise
most arteries supplying most of the brain.
Circle of Willis
• At the base of the brain, the carotid and vertebrobasilar

arteries form a circle of communicating arteries known
as the circle of Willis.
• From this circle other arteries -- the anterior cerebral
artery (ACA), the middle cerebral artery (MCA), the
posterior cerebral artery (PCA) - arise and travel to all
parts of the brain. Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Arteries
(PICA), which branch from the vertebral arteries, are not
shown.
• Because the carotid and vertebrobasilar arteries form a
circle, if one of the main arteries is occluded, the distal
smaller arteries that it supplies can receive blood from
the other arteries (collateral circulation).
•
Blood Vessels of the Brain

Arterial System

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Arterial System

Two primary circulatory loops in the

Tanveer SaeedTANVEER SAEED

• From the right ventricle blood is

Blood carried by branches of aorta around

Abdominal aorta: part of DA

• Throacic aorta: portion of descending

• Second and third branches of AA

Tanveer SaeedTANVEER SAEED

Tanveer SaeedTANVEER SAEED

Tanveer SaeedTANVEER SAEED

• Dorsal artery of the foot supply the muscles,

• At the base of the brain, the carotid and vertebrobasilar

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