UBI 3242

ENGLISH PROFICIENCY 4

SEMESTER 4 2021/2022

PROVIDED BY:

STUDENT'S NAME MATRIX NUMBER

NORHAYATI BINTI SHAMSHOL D20201094262
BAHAR

LECTURER'S NAME : DR. AMREET KAUR A/P JAGEER SINGH)

GROUP : J
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ENRICHMENT PRACTICE 1

NORHAYATI BT SHAMSHOL BAHAR

NAME: ________________________________________________
D20201094262
GROUP: _______ ID NO: ___________________________________ 30

Choose the best answer from the options given.

Passage 1

1 If you do not have a dream you will go nowhere. Dreams are necessary. Without
dreams, there will be no ambition to chase. There will be no goal to reach. We will all
be nothing without dreams. Not having dreams is like chasing a traceless murder. It
is like following an invisible shadow. It is a dreadful goose chase. We must know
what we want to do and follow that ambition. We cannot achieve anything in life 5
without goals, and for realising these goals, we need to dream.

2 Most people have dreams. Big ones or small ones. Even the most successful people
had dreams and that is what has made them what they are today. Dreaming is
essential for a human being. Without dreams, you will lose interest in life and finally
hate to live life. You will be bored and tired of the same monotonous routines of your 10
daily life and will not even find interest in the most exciting things. Only with dreams,
will you find a purpose to live your life. You will start working hard towards the dream
and will never lose interest in life. You will never tire and always be motivated. This
is the best way to become successful.

3 But with dreams, comes great responsibility. It is just not enough to dream and 15
forget about that dream. Many people dream, but only some wake up and work for it.
It is important to work hard for your dreams. Without this hard work, a dream will only
remain a desire in the subconscious mind and will never be achieved.

4 If you do not have a dream, you can never enjoy the luxuries of life or all that life has
to offer. You will never feel that ecstatic feeling of achievement. You will never get 20
pride in what you do and what you have achieved. All these things are necessary for
human beings and without these feelings, there is no motivation.

5 If you do not have motivation, you will be a failure in life. You will not be able to
achieve those goals and will lead a miserable life. You will never enjoy the luxuries
of life and you will never feel happy. You will be a failure and you will be nothing in 25
life. Dreaming helps you to get an attitude of doing better or constant improvement.
Constant improvement is very important. We must go that extra mile to reach our
goals. Failures may come and you may weaken, but an attitude to keep moving on
and trying to improve is thoroughly achieved by dreams. Dreams are the fuel that
keep energizing you to go further. Even if there are many obstacles in life, you tend 30
to keep moving further and trying to be better than who you are.

6 Constant and never ending improvement is very vital in progressing in life. It

enhances your personality and also whatever you want to progress in. It helps you
to learn from your mistakes. Steady progression will help in slowly achieving a big
goal. So this quality helps in aiming for bigger goals. Dreaming for big goals are very 35
important and they can even be dreams that change the course of your entire life. It

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decides your occupation and your inner desires. For teenagers and children, it helps
in becoming more studious and makes you more inclined towards studying.

7 A dream helps you achieve any goal that you want to achieve. It is almost the most
essential thing in one’s life. So dreams are very important in life. They motivate, 40
inspire, improve and help you in achieving any goal that you want to achieve. It is the
most important thing in life and without dreams, we will be nowhere.
Adapted from: http://www.killcure.com/2009/10/08/dreams-are-very-important/

1. Dreams are crucial for one to ________________.

A. achieve goals
B. lose interest in life
C. hate to live one’s life
D. chase a traceless murder

2. Which of the following statements is not true about dreams?

A. Dreams motivate people to accomplish positive changes.

B. Dreams have enabled people to become successful in life.
C. Dreams are meaningless when there are too many obstacles in life.
D. Dreams have driven the younger generation to strive hard to achieve success.

3. The word essential (line 9) can best be replaced with _______________.

A. prominent
B. important
C. positive
D. helpful

4. Why did the writer say “with dreams, comes with huge responsibility” (line 15)?

A. It needs attention.
B. It needs inspiration.
C. It requires hard work.
D. It requires one to improve one’s attitude.

5. It is vital to dream big as it changes _______________.

A. our desires
B. our attitudes
C. the purpose of life
D. how we view mistakes

6. “To keep moving on and trying to improve” (line 28 to 29) means to maintain the
following attitudes in life except _______________.

A. be inspired
B. never give up
C. always avoid new things
D. do not be afraid of failures

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7. The antonym of the word enhances (line 33) is _______________.

A. inspire
B. moving
C. improve
D. weaken

8. To enjoy the luxury of life and be happy, one has to _______________.

A. dream a lot
B. be motivated
C. avoid from dreaming
D. have a monotonous routine

9. If you fail along the way, it is crucial for you to _______________.

A. break down
B. inspire others
C. move forward
D. enjoy the luxuries of life

10. This best title for this passage is _______________.

A. Dream Big
B. Dreams and Goals
C. Recipes of Success
D. The Benefits of Dreams

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Passage 2

1 Students are under the impression that life after completing their higher education
is fun, as they are no longer bound by the heavy loads of assignments and
examinations. Little do they know that their newfound freedom comes with one of
life’s greatest responsibilities, which is financial management. It refers to the
efficient and effective management of money that can be achieved by 5
understanding the difference between one’s needs and wants. Needs are the
goods or services that you require to survive such as food, clothes and shelter.
While wants are goods or services that are not necessary but that you wish for
them such as gaming laptop and branded clothes. Thus, understanding of this
concept can be attained through the creation of a budget plan, which will be 10
discussed in this article.

2 Since budgeting enables you to make a plan and check up on your cash inflow
and outflow, it makes sure that you will have enough money for the bare
necessities that are crucial to your well-being. Let say your anticipated income is
RM 3,000 per month, the first part that you have to settle is the payments that are 15
compulsory such as student loan, medical insurance, and savings. The balance
of your salary then can be used for your living expenses to pay your housing,
utilities, food, clothing, and investments.

3 The greatest test you will face after getting your monthly pay check is to prevent
yourself from “redesigning” your lifestyle. A month's pay of RM3,000 will appear 20
to be immensely contrasted compared to your past stipend of RM500 when you
were a student. Choose not to expand your daily expenses pointlessly. For
instance, a RM20 lunch consistently during weekdays will set you back by RM400
every month. Other than that, decide not to expand your monthly expenses
excessively, such as gym membership, 60GB mobile plan and a Netflix 25
subscription. You should change your plan, switch service providers, or cut down
on usage.

4 After landing your first position, you are probably going to be flooded with financial
advisors requesting for meet-ups. These financial advisors will be eager to teach
you about the significance of insurance, saving and investing. It is critical to be 30
prudent when purchasing such financial products. About insurance, ensure that
the premiums you are paying are not more than necessary. Keep in mind that
spending a ton of money on insurance is not the equivalent to being financially
dependable.

5 Over time, debt management is essential to ensure effective financial 35

management for medium term. Debt management involves identifying the
compulsory expenses including car and housing loan. When these elements that
can siphon money from your pocket have been identified, devise a plan on how
you should pay these off. It is crucial to take into consideration the outstanding
amount, duration of repayment and interest charged. So, you can view his your 40
own financial position in the coming years until these liabilities are being paid off,
hence, allowing for adjustments in income allocation if one wishes to settle these
payments faster.

6 The last step would be to focus on asset expansion as your long term financial
planning. It involves investment to grow your money. You will create and grow a 45
passive income to finance debt repayment. For those with a better financial
position or have even achieved financial freedom, their passive income is

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sufficient to pay off their debts while supporting their living expenses. It is hence
safe to say that those who achieve financial freedom are comfortable with early
retirement as they have a consistent income inflow that can support their living 50
without having to work and depend on their monthly pay check. As tempting as it
may sound, there are various forms of investments varying in terms of risk, return
and period. It is important for individuals to seriously understand the investments
with professional assistance.

7 As a conclusion, financial management should be a compulsory lesson for all 55

fresh graduates as it goes beyond savings and spending through budgeting. In
fact, effective financial management involves a range of precise work from
planning, strategizing, and executing to conducting performance analysis for both
short and long-term gains.
Adapted from https://www.flymalaysia.org

11. Which of the following statements is true about the concept of needs and wants?

A. Wants are not necessary because they are expensive.

B. Needs and wants can be understood by creating a budget.
C. Needs and wants can be differentiated based on the prices.
D. Needs include all the modern facilities that we need to survive.

12. We can start managing our money efficiently and effectively by _______________.

A. creating a budget plan

B. reducing purchasing what we want
C. having knowledge about saving and spending money
D. understanding the difference between what we want and need

13. _______________ should be included later in our monthly budget.

A. Clothing
B. Investment
C. Housing payment
D. Student loan payment

14. The writer advised the readers not to alter their lifestyle when they start working
because readers might _______________.

A. not be influenced by their colleagues’ lifestyles

B. already have awareness on the importance of financial management
C. be overjoyed when receiving their first salary and spend it senselessly
D. diligently spend their first salary even it is more than their students' allowance

15. Readers are advised to be prudent in purchasing financial products because

_______________.

A. they can get a decent return in the future

B. investing early can ensure security in the future
C. building up an emergency fund is more important
D. most of the premiums paid are more than necessary

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16. The word siphon (line 38) can best be replaced with _______________.

A. tap
B. pour
C. take out
D. drain off

17. We need to manage our debt in order to _______________.

A. reduce our financial burden

B. allow adjustments in income allocation
C. focus on paying off short to medium term loans
D. acquire for form of debt once an old debt is settled

18. Which of the following is not a liability?

A. A loan for business purposes.

B. A low-cost flat given out for rental.
C. A brand new car bought for personal use.
D. Electrical appliances bought with monthly instalment.

19. Which of the following is not true about passive income?

A. Only retired people can have passive income.

B. It may come from many types of investments to grow your money.
C. It can be used to pay off people’s debts while supporting their living expenses
to achieve financial freedom.
D. People can happily retire when they have enough passive income to pay their
debts and support living expenses.

20. What is the writer’s tone in this passage?

A. Sceptical
B. Sarcastic
C. Unbiased
D. Persuasive

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Passage 3

1 Scientists and researchers have studied the relationship between memory and
sleep for more than 100 years. The general consensus today is that memory
consolidation, the process of preserving key memories and discarding excessive
information, takes place during both the non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and
rapid eye movement (REM) stages of your sleep cycle. 5

2 Recent studies also suggest that insufficient and excessive sleep can affect
memory processing and other cognitive processes. A good night’s rest not only
promotes good physical health but also enables our brains to function properly,
so getting the recommended amount of sleep each night is key to consolidating
memories. 10

3 Sleep and memory share a complex relationship. Getting enough rest helps you
process new information once you wake up, and sleeping after learning can
consolidate this information into memories, allowing you to store them in your
brain.

4 A healthy adult’s sleep cycle consists of four distinct stages. The first two stages 15
are considered light NREM sleep, and the third is deep (or “slow-wave”) NREM
sleep. These three stages prepare your brain to learn new information the
following day. Not sleeping or getting enough sleep can lower your learning
abilities by as much as 40%.

5 During these NREM stages, the brain also sorts through your various memories 20
from the previous day, filtering out important memories and eliminating other
information. These selected memories will become more concrete as deep NREM
sleep begins, and this process will continue during REM sleep. Emotional
memories are also processed in the REM stage, which can help you cope with
difficult experiences. 25

6 Most dreaming occurs in REM sleep. The thalamus of the brain transmits cues
from your five senses to the cerebral cortex, a thin layer of the cerebrum that
interprets and processes information from your memories. The thalamus is largely
inactive during NREM stages, but when REM sleep begins, it will relay images,
sounds, and other sensations to the cerebral cortex that are then integrated into 30
your dreams.

7 People who do not get enough sleep may experience the effects of sleep
deprivation. Difficulty remembering things is one common symptom. Since the
brain does not have sufficient time to create new pathways for the information you
have recently learned, sleep deprivation often affects how memories are 35
consolidated. Other potential cognitive impacts include trouble learning and
focusing, reduced decision-making skills, and poor emotional and behavioural
control.

8 How much sleep you should get each night largely depends on your age. In
addition to adults, studies have concluded children experience stronger memory 40
consolidation after a good night’s sleep. That said, excessive sleep can also lead
to cognitive impairments. Every person should strive for the optimal amount of
nightly sleep, as too little or too much can have negative repercussions.

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9 Since sleep is so crucial to the formation and consolidation of memories, some

sleep disorders are associated with memory problems. Insomnia, defined as 45
persistent difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep, is known to cause daytime
cognitive impairments including reduced memory functioning. Sleep disorders
that lead to excessive daytime sleepiness such as narcolepsy can cause memory
lapses.

10 One disorder, sleep apnea, may actually promote memory loss. Sleep apnea is 50
characterised by the temporary cessation of the airway during sleep that can
cause people to choke or gasp for air. Heavy snoring and excessive daytime
sleepiness are other common symptoms of sleep apnea.

11 More than 900 million people across the globe live with obstructive sleep apnea
(OSA), a subtype of the disorder that occurs when a physical blockage impedes 55
the airway. OSA has long been linked to chronic depression. People with
depression often have a difficult time processing memories, specifically
autobiographical memories that pertain to their own experiences. People with
OSA have also demonstrated difficulty with memory consolidation.

12 One study sought to explore the relationship between OSA and depression in 60
terms of memory processing. The findings show subjects with OSA struggled
more to form semantic memories, or individual facts from their personal history,
than the control group. This is not surprising since healthy sleep is needed to
properly consolidate semantic memories, and OSA causes sleep fragmentation
that interferes with the sleep cycle. Interestingly, OSA did not affect the 65
consolidation of episodic memories or those related to events and experiences to
the same extent.

13 These results suggest sleep apnea can interfere with the memory consolidation
process, causing people to have a hard time recalling certain memories of their
own life. However, more research is needed to explore whether OSA leads to 70
both depression and memory problems, or if OSA and depression independently
affect memory consolidation.

Adapted from: https://www.sleepfoundation.org/how-sleep-works/memory-and-sleep

21. Which of the following statements is true about the relationship between memory and
sleep?

A. Getting the correct amount of sleep is critical for memory consolidation.

B. Memory consolidation takes place throughout the stages of the sleep cycle.
C. The relationship between memory and sleep has been analysed by scientists
and researchers for a decade.
D. Both insufficient and excessive sleep can negatively affect memory processing
and other cognitive processes.

22. What does the writer highlight in Paragraph 4 and 5?

A. The processes of NREM sleep.

B. The four stages of the sleep cycle.
C. The healthy adult’s sleep brain function.
D. The effects of not sleeping or getting enough sleep.

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23. Which of the following disorders are associated with memory problems?

I. Insomnia
II. Narcolepsy
III. Sleep apnea
IV. Heavy snoring

A. I, II and III only.

B. I, II and IV only.
C. I, III and IV only
D. II, III and IV only.

24. The writer supports the claims made in this passage mostly based on
______________.

A. statistics
B. observation
C. expert opinions
D. research findings

25. What is the most significant benefit of getting enough sleep for a student?

A. Enhanced processing of autobiographical memories

B. Improved physical health
C. Decreased depression
D. Better learning abilities

26. The following are effects of sleep deprivation except _______________.

A. struggling to remember
B. poor decision-making skills
C. heightened learning and concentration
D. decreased emotional and behavioural control

27. The word optimal (line 42) can best be replaced with ______________.

A. top
B. ideal
C. sufficient
D. appropriate

28. The writer’s purpose is to ______________.

A. inform readers of the types of sleep

B. explain to readers the importance of sleep
C. persuade readers to take actions to maintain a healthy lifestyle
D. entertain readers with the stories related to memory consolidation

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29. The following statements are true about obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) except it
______________.

A. leads to both depression and memory problems

B. affects millions of people all over the world
C. is related to prolonged depression
D. disrupts the sleep cycle

30. The writer ends the passage by ______________.

A. predicting the outcomes

B. propose a course of actions
C. providing a balanced overview
D. emphasising the overall implication

Enrichment Practice 1