Summary SecondANDl Set

1: Turkova A, White E, Mujuru HA, Kekitiinwa AR, Kityo CM, Violari A, Lugemwa A,
Cressey TR, Musoke P, Variava E, Cotton MF, Archary M, Puthanakit T, Behuhuma O,

Kobbe R, Welch SB, Bwakura-Dangarembizi M, Amuge P, Kaudha E, Barlow-Mosha L,
Makumbi S, Ramsagar N, Ngampiyaskul C, Musoro G, Atwine L, Liberty A, Musiime V,
Bbuye D, Ahimbisibwe GM, Chalermpantmetagul S, Ali S, Sarfati T, Wynne B,
Shakeshaft C, Colbers A, Klein N, Bernays S, Saïdi Y, Coelho A, Grossele T,
Compagnucci A, Giaquinto C, Rojo P, Ford D, Gibb DM; ODYSSEY Trial Team.
Dolutegravir as First- or Second-Line Treatment for HIV-1 Infection in Children.
N Engl J Med. 2021 Dec 30;385(27):2531-2543. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2108793. PMID:
34965338.
2: McCluskey SM, Siedner MJ, Marconi VC. Management of Virologic Failure and HIV
Drug Resistance. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2019 Sep;33(3):707-742. doi:
10.1016/j.idc.2019.05.004. Epub 2019 Jun 27. PMID: 31255384; PMCID: PMC6688946.
3: Sam M, Masaba JPM, Alio D, Byakika-Tusiime J. Treatment Failure and

Associated Factors among Individuals on Second Line Antiretroviral Therapy in
Eastern Uganda: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Infect Dis (Auckl). 2021 Jun
1;14:11786337211014518. doi: 10.1177/11786337211014518. PMID: 34121842; PMCID:
PMC8175835.
4: Genet A, Mekonnen Z, Yizengaw E, Mekonnen D. First line antiretroviral

treatment failure and associated factors among people living with HIV in
northwest Ethiopia. Afr Health Sci. 2021 Mar;21(1):263-272. doi:
10.4314/ahs.v21i1.34. PMID: 34394306; PMCID: PMC8356610.
5: Edessa D, Sisay M, Asefa F. Second-line HIV treatment failure in sub-Saharan

Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2019 Jul
29;14(7):e0220159. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220159. Erratum in: PLoS One. 2019
Sep 24;14(9):e0223158. PMID: 31356613; PMCID: PMC6663009.
6: Apornpong T, Grinsztejn B, Hughes M, Ritz J, Kerr SJ, Fletcher CV,

Ruxrungtham K, Godfrey C, Gross R, Hogg E, Wallis CL, Badal-Faesen S,
Hosseinipour MC, Mngqbisa R, Santos BR, Shah S, Hovind LJ, Mawlana S, Van
Schalkwyk M, Chotirosniramit N, Kanyama C, Kumarasamy N, Salata R, Collier AC,
Gandhi M; for A5288 study team. Antiretroviral hair levels, self-reported
adherence, and virologic failure in second-line regimen patients in resource-
limited settings. AIDS. 2021 Jul 15;35(9):1439-1449. doi:
10.1097/QAD.0000000000002901. PMID: 33831905; PMCID: PMC8243835.
7: Alene M, Awoke T, Yenit MK, Tsegaye AT. Incidence and predictors of second-
line antiretroviral treatment failure among adults living with HIV in Amhara
region: a multi-centered retrospective follow-up study. BMC Infect Dis. 2019 Jul
9;19(1):599. doi: 10.1186/s12879-019-4243-5. PMID: 31288748; PMCID: PMC6617674.
8: Zenebe E, Washo A, Addis Gesese A. Time to First-Line Antiretroviral

Treatment Failure and Its Predictors among HIV-Positive Children in Shashemene
Town Health Facilities, Oromia Region, Ethiopia, 2019. ScientificWorldJournal.
2021 Aug 17;2021:8868479. doi: 10.1155/2021/8868479. PMID: 34456635; PMCID:
PMC8387160.
9: Kouamou V, Varyani B, Shamu T, Mapangisana T, Chimbetete C, Mudzviti T,

Manasa J, Katzenstein D. Drug Resistance Among Adolescents and Young Adults with
Virologic Failure of First-Line Antiretroviral Therapy and Response to Second-
Line Treatment. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2020 Jul;36(7):566-573. doi:
10.1089/AID.2019.0232. Epub 2020 Apr 2. PMID: 32138527.
10: Lazarus E, Nicol S, Frigati L, Penazzato M, Cotton MF, Centeno-Tablante E,

Violari A, Nicol L. Second- and Third-line Antiretroviral Therapy for Children
and Adolescents: A Scoping Review. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2017 May;36(5):492-499.
doi: 10.1097/INF.0000000000001481. PMID: 28403052.
11: Musana H, Ssensamba JT, Nakafeero M, Mugerwa H, Kiweewa FM, Serwadda D,

Ssali F. Predictors of failure on second-line antiretroviral therapy with
protease inhibitor mutations in Uganda. AIDS Res Ther. 2021 Apr 21;18(1):17.
doi: 10.1186/s12981-021-00338-y. PMID: 33882938; PMCID: PMC8059285.
12: Zenebe Haftu A, Desta AA, Bezabih NM, Bayray Kahsay A, Kidane KM, Zewdie Y,
Woldearegay TW. Incidence and factors associated with treatment failure among
HIV infected adolescent and adult patients on second-line antiretroviral therapy
in public hospitals of Northern Ethiopia: Multicenter retrospective study. PLoS
One. 2020 Sep 28;15(9):e0239191. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239191. PMID:
32986756; PMCID: PMC7521713.
13: Wedajo S, Degu G, Deribew A, Ambaw F. Treatment failure, death, and

predictors among PLWHIV on second-line antiretroviral therapy in Dessie
Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, northeast Ethiopia: A retrospective cohort
study. PLoS One. 2022 Jun 1;17(6):e0269235. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269235.
PMID: 35648771; PMCID: PMC9159605.
14: Sylla M, Dolo O, Maiga AI, Traore FT, Coulibaly YA, Togo J, Fofana DB,
Dicko-Traore F, Doumbia S, Orsega S, Diallo S, Murphy RL, Calvez V, Marcelin AG.
Second-line antiretroviral therapy failure and characterization of HIV-1 drug
resistance patterns in children in Mali. Arch Pediatr. 2019 Jul;26(5):254-258.
doi: 10.1016/j.arcped.2019.06.002. Epub 2019 Jul 12. PMID: 31307909.
15: Jiamsakul A, Azwa I, Zhang F, Yunihastuti E, Ditangco R, Kumarasamy N, Ng

OT, Chan YJ, Ly PS, Choi JY, Lee MP, Pujari S, Kiertiburanakul S, Chaiwarith R,
Merati TP, Sangle S, Khusuwan S, Sim BL, Avihingsanon A, Duy C, Tanuma J, Ross
J, Law M, Asia-Pacific TAHODOI. Treatment modification after second-line failure
among people living with HIV in the Asia-Pacific. Antivir Ther.
2020;25(7):377-387. doi: 10.3851/IMP3388. PMID: 33843656; PMCID: PMC8275121.
16: Tweya H, Feldacker C, Kiruthu-Kamamia C, Billion L, Gumulira J, Nhlema A,

Phiri S. Virologic failure and switch to second-line antiretroviral therapy in
children with HIV in Lilongwe, Malawi: an observational cohort study. Trans R
Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2020 Jan 6;114(1):31-37. doi: 10.1093/trstmh/trz087. PMID:
31713619.
17: Ross J, Jiamsakul A, Kumarasamy N, Azwa I, Merati TP, Do CD, Lee MP, Ly PS,
Yunihastuti E, Nguyen KV, Ditangco R, Ng OT, Choi JY, Oka S, Sohn AH, Law M.
Virological failure and HIV drug resistance among adults living with HIV on
second-line antiretroviral therapy in the Asia-Pacific. HIV Med. 2021
Mar;22(3):201-211. doi: 10.1111/hiv.13006. Epub 2020 Nov 5. PMID: 33151020;
PMCID: PMC7886962.
18: Khan S, Das M, Andries A, Deshpande A, Mansoor H, Saranchuk P, Isaakidis P.

Second-line failure and first experience with third-line antiretroviral therapy
in Mumbai, India. Glob Health Action. 2014 Jul 30;7:24861. doi:
10.3402/gha.v7.24861. PMID: 25084835; PMCID: PMC4119292.
19: Somerville K, Jenkins CA, Carlucci JG, Person AK, Machado DM, Luque MT,
Pinto JA, Rouzier V, Friedman RK, McGowan CC, Shepherd BE, Rebeiro PF. Outcomes
After Second-Line Antiretroviral Therapy in Children Living With HIV in Latin
America. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2021 Jul 1;87(3):993-1001. doi:
10.1097/QAI.0000000000002678. PMID: 33675618; PMCID: PMC8192432.
20: Burns R, Borges J, Blasco P, Vandenbulcke A, Mukui I, Magalasi D, Molfino L,

Manuel R, Schramm B, Wringe A. 'I saw it as a second chance': A qualitative
exploration of experiences of treatment failure and regimen change among people
living with HIV on second- and third-line antiretroviral therapy in Kenya,
Malawi and Mozambique. Glob Public Health. 2019 Aug;14(8):1112-1124. doi:
10.1080/17441692.2018.1561921. Epub 2019 Jan 11. PMID: 30632883.
21: Kanters S, Socias ME, Paton NI, Vitoria M, Doherty M, Ayers D, Popoff E,
Chan K, Cooper DA, Wiens MO, Calmy A, Ford N, Nsanzimana S, Mills EJ.
Comparative efficacy and safety of second-line antiretroviral therapy for
treatment of HIV/AIDS: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Lancet
HIV. 2017 Oct;4(10):e433-e441. doi: 10.1016/S2352-3018(17)30109-1. Epub 2017 Aug
4. PMID: 28784426.
22: Suaysod R, Ngo-Giang-Huong N, Salvadori N, Cressey TR, Kanjanavanit S,

Techakunakorn P, Krikajornkitti S, Srirojana S, Laomanit L, Chalermpantmetagul
S, Lallemant M, Le Cœur S, McIntosh K, Traisathit P, Jourdain G. Treatment
Failure in HIV-Infected Children on Second-line Protease Inhibitor-Based
Antiretroviral Therapy. Clin Infect Dis. 2015 Jul 1;61(1):95-101. doi:
10.1093/cid/civ271. Epub 2015 Apr 1. PMID: 25838288.
23: Subramanian A, Mohan A, Kataria S, Krishnan R. Third Line Antiretroviral

Treatment in India: Cohort Analysis and Treatment Outcomes from a Public Health
Facility. AIDS Patient Care STDS. 2021 Mar;35(3):69-74. doi:
10.1089/apc.2020.0242. Epub 2021 Feb 24. PMID: 33635148.
24: Minwagaw MT, Akenie BB, Tewabe DS, Tegegne AS, Beyene TB. Predictors of Poor
Adherence to CART and Treatment Failure at Second-Line Regimens Among Adults in
Public Hospitals of Amhara Region, North-Western Ethiopia: A Retrospective
Cohort Study. Patient Prefer Adherence. 2021 Dec 24;15:2855-2864. doi:
10.2147/PPA.S339108. PMID: 34992354; PMCID: PMC8713999.
25: Zhao Y, Keene C, Griesel R, Sayed K, Gcwabe Z, Jackson A, Ngwenya O, Schutz

C, Goliath R, Cassidy T, Goemaere E, Hill A, Maartens G, Meintjes G.
AntiRetroviral Therapy In Second-line: investigating Tenofovir-lamivudine-
dolutegravir (ARTIST): protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Wellcome Open
Res. 2021 Feb 17;6:33. doi: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16597.1. PMID: 36017341;
PMCID: PMC9372637.
26: Mwasakifwa GE, Amin J, Kelleher A, Boyd MA. Inflammatory biomarkers and soft
tissue changes among patients commencing second-line antiretroviral therapy
after first-line virological failure. AIDS. 2021 Nov 15;35(14):2289-2298. doi:
10.1097/QAD.0000000000003014. PMID: 34224441.
27: Kyaw NTT, Kumar AMV, Oo MM, Oo HN, Kyaw KWY, Thiha S, Aung TK, Win T, Mon
YY, Harries AD. Long-term outcomes of second-line antiretroviral treatment in an
adult and adolescent cohort in Myanmar. Glob Health Action. 2017;10(1):1290916.
doi: 10.1080/16549716.2017.1290916. PMID: 28594295; PMCID: PMC5496085.
28: Haile GS, Berha AB. Predictors of treatment failure, time to switch and
reasons for switching to second line antiretroviral therapy in HIV infected
children receiving first line anti-retroviral therapy at a Tertiary Care
Hospital in Ethiopia. BMC Pediatr. 2019 Jan 29;19(1):37. doi:
10.1186/s12887-019-1402-1. PMID: 30696412; PMCID: PMC6352354.
29: Chawana T, Nhachi C, Nathoo K, Ngara B, Okochi H, Louie A, Kuncze K,

Katzenstein D, Metcalfe J, Gandhi M. Short Communication: Higher Tenofovir
Concentrations in Hair Are Associated with Decreases in Viral Load and Not Self-
Reported Adherence in HIV-Infected Adolescents with Second-Line Virological
Treatment Failure. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2021 Oct;37(10):748-750. doi:
10.1089/AID.2020.0258. Epub 2021 Feb 24. PMID: 33499754; PMCID: PMC8573801.
30: Teeraananchai S, Kerr SJ, Gandhi M, Do VC, Van Nguyen L, Tran DNH,
Kosalaraksa P, Singtoroj T, Thammajaruk N, Jupimai T, Sohn AH. Determinants of
Viral Resuppression or Persistent Virologic Failure After Initial Failure With
Second-Line Antiretroviral Treatment Among Asian Children and Adolescents With
HIV. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc. 2020 Apr 30;9(2):253-256. doi:
10.1093/jpids/piz034. PMID: 31125411; PMCID: PMC7368343.
31: Njom-Nlend AE, Efouba N, Brunelle Sandie A, Fokam J. Determinants of switch

to paediatric second-line antiretroviral therapy after first-line failure in
Cameroon. Trop Med Int Health. 2021 Aug;26(8):927-935. doi: 10.1111/tmi.13595.
Epub 2021 May 13. PMID: 33905593.
32: Boerma RS, Bunupuradah T, Dow D, Fokam J, Kariminia A, Lehman D, Kityo C,

Musiime V, Palumbo P, Schoffelen A, Sophan S, Zanoni B, Rinke de Wit TF, Calis
JCJ, Sigaloff KCE; Paediatric Second-line Study Group. Multicentre analysis of
second-line antiretroviral treatment in HIV-infected children: adolescents at
high risk of failure. J Int AIDS Soc. 2017 Sep 15;20(1):21930. doi:
10.7448/IAS.20.1.21930. PMID: 28953325; PMCID: PMC5640308.
33: Mantshonyane L, Roy J, Levy MZ, Wallis CL, Bar K, Godfrey C, Collier A,
LaRosa A, Zheng L, Sun X, Gross R. Participants Switching to Second-Line
Antiretroviral Therapy with Susceptible Virus Display Inferior Adherence and
Worse Outcomes: An Observational Analysis. AIDS Patient Care STDS. 2021
Dec;35(12):467-473. doi: 10.1089/apc.2021.0115. Epub 2021 Nov 16. PMID:
34788110; PMCID: PMC8905302.
34: Desalegn M, Seyoum D, Tola EK, Tsegaye Gayesa R. Determinants of first-line

antiretroviral treatment failure among adult HIV patients at Nekemte Specialized
Hospital, Western Ethiopia: Unmatched case-control study. SAGE Open Med. 2021
Jun 30;9:20503121211030182. doi: 10.1177/20503121211030182. PMID: 34262767;
PMCID: PMC8252348.
35: Subronto YW, Kusmayanti NA, Abdalla AS, Sattwika PD. Nevirapine and
tuberculosis predict first-line treatment failure in HIV patients in Indonesia:
Case-control study. Ann Med Surg (Lond). 2020 Oct 15;60:56-60. doi:
10.1016/j.amsu.2020.10.005. PMID: 33133585; PMCID: PMC7584999.
36: Boerma RS, Kityo C, Boender TS, Kaudha E, Kayiwa J, Musiime V, Mukuye A,
Kiconco M, Nankya I, Nakatudde L, Mugyenyi PN, Boele van Hensbroek M, Rinke de
Wit TF, Sigaloff KCE, Calis JCJ. Second-line HIV Treatment in Ugandan Children:
Favorable Outcomes and No Protease Inhibitor Resistance. J Trop Pediatr. 2017
Apr 1;63(2):135-143. doi: 10.1093/tropej/fmw062. Erratum in: J Trop Pediatr.
2016 Oct 15;:null. PMID: 27634175.
37: Prasitsuebsai W, Teeraananchai S, Singtoroj T, Truong KH, Ananworanich J, Do

VC, Nguyen LV, Kosalaraksa P, Kurniati N, Sudjaritruk T, Chokephaibulkit K, Kerr
SJ, Sohn AH. Treatment Outcomes and Resistance Patterns of Children and
Adolescents on Second-Line Antiretroviral Therapy in Asia. J Acquir Immune Defic
Syndr. 2016 Aug 1;72(4):380-6. doi: 10.1097/QAI.0000000000000971. PMID:
27355415; PMCID: PMC4929998.
38: Patrikar S, Shankar S, Kotwal A, Basannar DR, Bhatti V, Verma R, Mukherji S.

Predictors of first line antiretroviral therapy failure and burden of second
line antiretroviral therapy. Med J Armed Forces India. 2017 Jan;73(1):5-11. doi:
10.1016/j.mjafi.2016.09.008. Epub 2016 Dec 1. PMID: 28123238; PMCID: PMC5221360.
39: Tsegaye AT, Wubshet M, Awoke T, Addis Alene K. Predictors of treatment

failure on second-line antiretroviral therapy among adults in northwest
Ethiopia: a multicentre retrospective follow-up study. BMJ Open. 2016 Dec
8;6(12):e012537. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-012537. PMID: 27932339; PMCID:
PMC5168604.
40: Gumede SB, Venter WDF, Lalla-Edward ST. Understanding adherence in virally
suppressed and unsuppressed human immunodeficiency virus-positive urban patients
on second-line antiretroviral treatment. South Afr J HIV Med. 2020 Aug
11;21(1):1107. doi: 10.4102/sajhivmed.v21i1.1107. PMID: 32934834; PMCID:
PMC7479367.
41: Assemie MA, Alene M, Ketema DB, Mulatu S. Treatment failure and associated
factors among first line patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy in
Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Glob Health Res Policy. 2019
Oct 30;4:32. doi: 10.1186/s41256-019-0120-4. PMID: 31687474; PMCID: PMC6820995.
42: Kantor R, DeLong A, Schreier L, Reitsma M, Kemboi E, Orido M, Obonge S,

Boinett R, Rono M, Emonyi W, Brooks K, Coetzer M, Buziba N, Hogan J, Diero L.
HIV-1 second-line failure and drug resistance at high-level and low-level
viremia in Western Kenya. AIDS. 2018 Nov 13;32(17):2485-2496. doi:
43: Bell Gorrod H, Court R, Schomaker M, Maartens G, Murphy RA. Increased

Mortality With Delayed and Missed Switch to Second-Line Antiretroviral Therapy
in South Africa. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2020 May 1;84(1):107-113. doi:
44: Bell-Gorrod H, Fox MP, Boulle A, Prozesky H, Wood R, Tanser F, Davies MA,
Schomaker M. The Impact of Delayed Switch to Second-Line Antiretroviral Therapy
on Mortality, Depending on Definition of Failure Time and CD4 Count at Failure.
Am J Epidemiol. 2020 Aug 1;189(8):811-819. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwaa049. PMID:
32219384; PMCID: PMC7523585.
45: Häggblom A, Santacatterina M, Neogi U, Gisslen M, Hejdeman B, Flamholc L,

Sönnerborg A. Effect of therapy switch on time to second-line antiretroviral
treatment failure in HIV-infected patients. PLoS One. 2017 Jul
20;12(7):e0180140. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180140. PMID: 28727795; PMCID:
PMC5519043.
46: Braga LP, Mendicino CCP, Reis EA, Carmo RA, Menezes de Pádua CA.
Effectiveness of second-line antiretroviral therapy: the impact of drug
switches. AIDS Care. 2017 Dec;29(12):1585-1588. doi:
10.1080/09540121.2017.1322680. Epub 2017 May 10. PMID: 28490196.
47: Murphy RA, Court R, Maartens G, Sunpath H. Second-Line Antiretroviral

Therapy in Sub-Saharan Africa: It Is Time to Mind the Gaps. AIDS Res Hum
Retroviruses. 2017 Dec;33(12):1181-1184. doi: 10.1089/AID.2017.0134. Epub 2017
Sep 8. PMID: 28793781; PMCID: PMC5709698.
48: Prasitsuebsai W, Sophonphan J, Chokephaibulkit K, Wongsawat J, Kanjanavanit

S, Kosalaraksa P, Ngampiyakul C, Sangkla P, Hansudewechakul R, Kerr SJ,
Puthanakit T, Ananworanich J; HIV-NAT 113 Study Group. Treatment Outcomes of
Third-line Antiretroviral Regimens in HIV-infected Thai Adolescents. Pediatr
Infect Dis J. 2017 Oct;36(10):967-972. doi: 10.1097/INF.0000000000001638. PMID:
28520611.
49: Collaborative Initiative for Paediatric HIV Education and Research (CIPHER)
Global Cohort Collaboration. Outcomes of second-line antiretroviral therapy
among children living with HIV: a global cohort analysis. J Int AIDS Soc. 2020
Apr;23(4):e25477. doi: 10.1002/jia2.25477. PMID: 32297485; PMCID: PMC7160415.
50: Ramadhani HO, Bartlett JA, Thielman NM, Pence BW, Kimani SM, Maro VP, Mwako
MS, Masaki LJ, Mmbando CE, Minja MG, Lirhunde ES, Miller WC. Association of
first-line and second-line antiretroviral therapy adherence. Open Forum Infect
Dis. 2014 Sep 9;1(2):ofu079. doi: 10.1093/ofid/ofu079. PMID: 25734147; PMCID:
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51: Vaz P, Buck WC, Bhatt N, Bila D, Auld A, Houston J, Cossa L, Alfredo C,
Jobarteh K, Sabatier J, Macassa E, Sousa A, DeVos J, Jani I, Yang C. Compromise
of Second-Line Antiretroviral Therapy Due to High Rates of Human
Immunodeficiency Virus Drug Resistance in Mozambican Treatment-Experienced
Children With Virologic Failure. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc. 2020 Feb
28;9(1):6-13. doi: 10.1093/jpids/piy102. PMID: 30364958.
52: Boyd MA, Amin J, Mallon PW, Kumarasamy N, Lombaard J, Wood R, Chetchotisakd
P, Phanuphak P, Mohapi L, Azwa I, Belloso WH, Molina JM, Hoy J, Moore CL, Emery
S, Cooper DA; SECOND-LINE Study Group. Body composition and metabolic outcomes
after 96 weeks of treatment with ritonavir-boosted lopinavir plus either
nucleoside or nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors or raltegravir in
patients with HIV with virological failure of a standard first-line
antiretroviral therapy regimen: a substudy of the randomised, open-label, non-
inferiority SECOND-LINE study. Lancet HIV. 2017 Jan;4(1):e13-e20. doi:
10.1016/S2352-3018(16)30189-8. Epub 2016 Nov 1. PMID: 27815068.
53: Mwasakifwa GE, Amin J, White CP, Center JR, Kelleher A, Boyd MA. Early
changes in bone turnover and inflammatory biomarkers and clinically significant
bone mineral density loss over 48 weeks among HIV-infected patients with
virological failure of a standard first-line antiretroviral therapy regimen in
the SECOND-LINE study. HIV Med. 2020 Sep;21(8):492-504. doi: 10.1111/hiv.12882.
Epub 2020 Jun 23. PMID: 32573910.
54: Narainsamy D, Mahomed S. Delays in switching patients onto second-line

antiretroviral treatment at a public hospital in eThekwini, KwaZulu-Natal. South
Afr J HIV Med. 2017 Mar 31;18(1):696. doi: 10.4102/sajhivmed.v18i1.696. PMID:
29568632; PMCID: PMC5843064.
55: Teeraananchai S, Bunupuradah T, Puthanakit T, Kerr SJ, Ruxrungtham K,

Chaivooth S, Bhakeecheep S, Law MG, Chokephaibulkit K. First-Line Antiretroviral
Treatment Outcomes and Durability in HIV-Infected Children Treated Through the
Universal Coverage Health Program in Thailand. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2017
Jun 1;75(2):219-225. doi: 10.1097/QAI.0000000000001351. PMID: 28498146.
56: Seid A, Cherie N, Ahmed K. Determinants of Virologic Failure Among Adults on

Second Line Antiretroviral Therapy in Wollo, Amhara Regional State, Northeast
Ethiopia. HIV AIDS (Auckl). 2020 Nov 10;12:697-706. doi: 10.2147/HIV.S278603.
PMID: 33204171; PMCID: PMC7666990.
57: Bezabih YM, Beyene F, Bezabhe WM. Factors associated with first-line
antiretroviral treatment failure in adult HIV-positive patients: a case-control
study from Ethiopia. BMC Infect Dis. 2019 Jun 18;19(1):537. doi:
10.1186/s12879-019-4170-5. PMID: 31215397; PMCID: PMC6582596.
58: Hosseinipour MC, Gupta RK, Van Zyl G, Eron JJ, Nachega JB. Emergence of HIV
drug resistance during first- and second-line antiretroviral therapy in
resource-limited settings. J Infect Dis. 2013 Jun 15;207 Suppl 2(Suppl
2):S49-56. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jit107. PMID: 23687289; PMCID: PMC3708738.
59: Chen J, Zhang M, Shang M, Yang W, Wang Z, Shang H. Research on the treatment
effects and drug resistances of long-term second-line antiretroviral therapy
among HIV-infected patients from Henan Province in China. BMC Infect Dis. 2018
Nov 15;18(1):571. doi: 10.1186/s12879-018-3489-7. PMID: 30442114; PMCID:
PMC6238347.
60: Wools-Kaloustian K, Marete I, Ayaya S, Sohn AH, Van Nguyen L, Li S, Leroy V,

Musick BS, Newman JE, Edmonds A, Davies MA, Eboua FT, Obama MT, Yotebieng M,
Sawry S, Mofenson LM, Yiannoutsos CT. Time to First-Line ART Failure and Time to
Second-Line ART Switch in the IeDEA Pediatric Cohort. J Acquir Immune Defic
Syndr. 2018 Jun 1;78(2):221-230. doi: 10.1097/QAI.0000000000001667. PMID:
29509590; PMCID: PMC5953797.
61: Vanobberghen FM, Kilama B, Wringe A, Ramadhani A, Zaba B, Mmbando D, Todd J.

Immunological failure of first-line and switch to second-line antiretroviral
therapy among HIV-infected persons in Tanzania: analysis of routinely collected
national data. Trop Med Int Health. 2015 Jul;20(7):880-92. doi:
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