COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING &

ARCHITECTURE

ARC 048 – PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE 2

(ADMINISTERING THE REGULAR SERVICES OF THE ARCHITECT)
UP-FA1-BSAR4-02
03:00 PM – 4:30 PM (Saturday)

RSW No: 1
THE ARCHITECURE PROFESSION
JULY 22 – 23, 2022

PRESCILO N. PALOR IV
STUDENT

AR. DOROTHY P. CASTRO

INSTRUCTOR
 WHAT IS ARCHITECTURE AS A PROFESSION?

The Architecture Profession (1) "Architecture" is the art,

science or profession of planning, designing and constructing
buildings their totality taking into account their environment, in
accordance with the principles of utility strength-- and
beauty; Architecture is the art of planning, designing, and
constructing buildings and other physical Architecture is a
study stream that combines artistic/sketching skills and
engineering As a respectable profession with the opportunity to
start your own business, architecture is an attractive career
choice -, creative minds. The idea of working on new designs and creating
beautiful spaces is certainly. Plus, there are so many different career options and
specializations to choose from. Architecture may sound artistic, but one needs a vast of
other skills in math, physics and strong social skills to be successful. The term 'architect'
has been in existence for many centuries. However architect as its own recognized
profession is a relatively modem concept. The term and what it represents has evolved
through history to its current form in which architects are seen as highly qualified an
educated professionals that mixes craft and designing into well-calculated and planned
spaces.
The types of architectural firms are:
1. Single proprietorship firm
2. Partnership firm
3. Limited company
4. Large-scale consulting company
5. Very large offices
6. Freelancing
7. Builders and developers
8. Single proprietorship

A person or entity registered, licensed or otherwise authorized to use the

title "Architect" and to practice architecture in a province or territory.
The most basic definition of an architect is a professional who is qualified to
design and provide advice - both aesthetic and technical - on built objects in our public
and private landscapes. But this definition barely scratches the surface of an architect's
role. Architects serve as trusted advisors, their role is holistic, blending diverse
requirements and disciplines in a creative process, while serving the public interest and
addressing health and safety matters.
Perhaps, it would be best to describe architects as conductors who orchestrate
and take the lead in reconciling all the goals for a building or other structure. Architects
do this by providing solutions through the use of: artistic imagination and creative
vision to design spaces where their ideas and techniques-represented through form,
light, textures, materials, and colours-combine to fulfill our aesthetic, spiritual, and
cultural needs; practical and technical knowledge to create spaces that are safe,
efficient, sustainable, and meet economic needs; and interpersonal skills, psychological
understanding and ethical practice to craft spaces that fulfill the complex, and
sometimes conflicting, needs of clients, users, and the community.
Becoming a professional architect isn't an easy task at all. While it is a wise
career choice, it takes a tremendous effort, hard work, and determination to get there.
Being an architect is exciting – the pay is excellent, and you get many fantastic
opportunities to work with various companies and learn many new things.
Put simply, being a professional architect today means to make your own
meaningful and lasting contribution to the world's architecture and help shape entire
communities and societies. It requires a lot of responsibility, and not everyone is made
to fulfill this multifaceted, technical, and quite a complex role.
To become a suitable candidate for such a great career, fresh architects need to
develop a unique mix of qualities and skills. Let's delve deeper into some of the qualities
that will turn you into a professional architect and help you stand out from the crowd.

1. Mastering the numerical

The concept of modern architecture is based on the boundaries and rules
of mathematics. If you're good with numbers, you have far higher chances of
achieving your career goals.
Understanding mathematical principles, especially advanced algebra and
geometry, is a highly appreciated quality in the world of architecture. That's also
a basic requirement in many job interviews in the architecture industry.

2. Be creative
Architecture is all about creativity. It requires people to be extraordinarily
creative and productive. Since modern architects are required to design state-of-
the-art structures that will take the boundaries of aesthetics to a whole new level,
it goes without saying that you'll have to be both imaginative and creative.
Being creative is basically thinking outside of the box and bringing daring
innovations and new ideas that will essentially change the most common
concepts. It's your most essential mission statement, and it separates you from
the rest. Constant innovation will ensure that you become well-received and
memorable.
3. Impeccable design skills
Possessing amazing design skills is a quality that you can't do without in
architecture. Many newbies make a mistake in thinking that creating something
beautiful is all the work, but they're wrong.
While you will be required to design aesthetically appealing structures,
they also need to be viable and practical. More importantly, your ideas have to
be suited to the demands and needs of your clients.
The only way to achieve this is by acquiring a sophisticated understanding
of design processes. It will help you to combine functionality with visual appeal
with sacrificing one or the other. A good architect knows how to combine these
elements, but a professional knows how to compromise.

4. Know yourself
Going over your very own possibilities won't just take you nowhere, but it
will probably seal the deal on your career. A professional is fully aware of what
they can and can't do. You'll have to work in specified conditions and with a
limited budget while following many policies, multiple regulations, and building
codes.
Moreover, you'll often be restricted by your client's budget, ideas, and
specifications. Since time is money, you have to be sure what you can and can't
do to save time, money, and effort, and make sure both parties involved are
satisfied.

5. Communication skills
Aside from basic knowledge, design skills, and being creative,
communication is perhaps the most important quality in an architect. Architects
are required to work with many people from different industries to make things
happen.
A building's construction is an incredibly complex process, and you'll be
required to liaise with structural engineers, tradesmen, local government officials,
contractors, surveyors, construction managers, and lawyers. Each of them has
their own concerns and interests.
In such an environment, accomplishing effective communication is
paramount. Making sure that you're all on the same page is vital to delivering a
project successfully.

6. Teamwork
 Right next to communication is teamwork – one of the most required
qualities of a professional architect. Since collaboration is your daily obligation,
you have to develop the ability to work with others in harmony. It's a crucial
weapon in your architectural arsenal.
You can complete the actual design alone, but you'll have to work with
others at some point. When we say others, we mean:
 Your internal team – you depend on them to get potential clients or the
updates on an existing project
 The construction team – they inform you about the costs of materials
as well as the adherence of your design ideas
 The client – they help you establish the project's direction and its
practical functionality
 Planning officials and surveyors – they help protect the local
environment and make sure the work goes according to legislative
demands

And these are just the tip of the iceberg. You'll be required to work with
others who come from different backgrounds and industries. Knowing how to
work with them to accomplish mutual goals is a much sought-after quality in a
professional architect.

7. Commercial awareness
The next quality that would make an essential asset in your professional
skillset is commercial awareness. Understanding the very principles of the
industry you work in is how you create new opportunities.
Knowing the trends and the direction in which the targeted market goes
allows you to recognize great opportunities, connect with the right clients, and
get a chance to participate in the best projects.
Understanding the concerns, needs, and wants of stakeholders can
significantly contribute to your efforts to become a professional architect.

8. Good artistic and drawing skills

Even though modern architects rely on the latest technology to complete
their projects, you'll have to actually draw something at some point. You can do it
through any software like CAD or by using the actual drafting techniques.
Regardless of what your choice may be, you will be required to know the
methods and processes used. Oh, and scale matters.
9. Problem-solving
Problems tend to occur when you least expect them to, and a professional
is always prepared to handle whatever may come. Completing large-scale
projects can't go without developing a few problems here and there.
If a problem is directly related to design, you need to be adaptable and
flexible to avoid further escalation, which will contribute to resolving issues
efficiently and quickly. Whether it's a material supply or a legislative issue or
something entirely else, always be prepared to propose an alternative solution.

General practice of Architecture

The practice of architecture is hereby defined to be: The act of planning,
architectural and structural designing, specifying, supervising, and giving general
administration and responsible direction to the erection, enlargement or alterations of
buildings and architectural design of engineering structures or any part thereof, the
specific, aesthetic and orderly coordination of all the processes which enter into the
production of a complete building or structure performed through the medium of
unbiased preliminary studies of plans, consultations, specifications, conferences,
evaluation, investigations, contract documents, oral advice and direction regardless of
whether the persons engaged in such practice are residents of the Philippines or have
their principal office or place of business in this or another country, and regardless of
whether such persons are performing one or all of these duties, or whether such duties
are performed in person or as the directing head of an office or organization performing
them.

2. PAST AND PRESENT OF ARCHITECTURE IN PH

(HISTORY OF UAP/IOPAO)

HISTORY OF PHILIPPINE ARCHITECTURE

The history and culture of the Philippines are reflected in its architectural
heritage, in the dwellings of its various peoples, in churches and mosques, and in the
buildings that have risen in response to the demands of progress and the aspirations of
the people.
       Architecture in the Philippines today is the result of a natural growth enriched with
the absorption of varied influences. It developed from the pre-colonial influences of our
neighboring Malay brothers, continuing on to the Spanish colonial period, the American
Commonwealth period, and the modern contemporary times. As a result, the
Philippines has become an architectural melting pot– uniquely Filipino with a tinge of
the occidental.
The late national hero for architecture, Leandro Locsin once said, that Philippine
Architecture is an elusive thing, because while it makes full use of modern technology, it
is a residue of the different overlays of foreign influences left in the Philippines over the
centuries: the early Malay culture and vestiges of earlier Hindu influences, the more
than 300 years of Spanish domination, the almost 50 years of American rule, the Arab
and Chinese influences through commerce and trade over the centuries. What resulted
may have been a hybrid, a totally new configuration which may include a remembrance
of the past but transformed or framed in terms of its significance today.

HISTORY OF UAP / IOPAO

In The Beginning
The magic that attends all beginnings, the pains that accompany all births - these are
privileged memories that belong to our founding fathers.
They were there when an emergent UAP burst into the light in 1975, a news-born
whose proud genealogy could be traced back to the Spanish era, the descendant of
many transmutations of brilliants genes. Its parents were the best architects in this land
who in their youthful energies conceived, nurtured and labored to give it birth.
Lest we forget pure time, let us go back in time - to understand the proud origin of what
we now casually call the UAP.

The Prologue
During Spanish time there were no schools of Architecture in the Philippines. The
closest a Filipino could aspire to the title of an Architect or practice Architecture was to
be a Maestro de Obra.  The first school of Maestro de Obra was founded by the
Spanish government: the Escuela Practica y Professional de Artes Oficios de
Manila. There were two classes: first, was with academic title Maestro de Obras-
Academico; and second, those who acquired their expertise through practical
experience licensed by the Ayuntamiento de Manila called Maestro de Obras-
Practico. The first Filipino graduates were Julio Hernandez (1891), Isidro Medina
(1894), Arcadio Arellano (1894) and Juan Carreon (1896).
However, the First Filipino Architect was Felix Roxas y Arroyo who was schooled
in London and began his architectural practice in 1858.  In 1877 – 1880, he was
employed by the Spanish government, as the Municipal Architect of Manila.  His
outstanding works were the Santo Domingo Church and the Ayuntamiento de Manila in
Intramuros, which, unfortunately, were both destroyed during the Second World War. 
The 1st Organization
In 1902 the first organization of architects was formed with the surveyors:
Academia de Arquitectura y Agremensura de Filipinas. (AAAF). This was headed by
Guillermo Gardiner (Maestro de Obras and Surveyor) as President; Arcadio Arellano
(Maestro de Obras and Surveyor) as vice President, Jose Perez Siguereza, (Surveyor)
Secretary, Tomas Arguelles (Maestro de Obras – Surveyor) and Jose Paras (Maestro
de Obras – Surveyor) as Directors.
In 1903 the organization was transformed as the Academia de Arquitectura,
Ingenieria y Agremnsura de Filipinas  (AIAAF). The Academia promulgated the first
standards of professional practice for the practice of civil engineering and architecture,
known as the Tarifa de Honorios. which was patterned from the AIA documents.
In 1921, the founding of the architectural profession in the Philippines was
formalized by virtue of Philippine Assembly Act No. 2985 (An Act to Regulate the
Practice of the Professions of Engineers and Architect) signed into law on February 23,
1921, prepared by AIAAF. This law created separate Board of Examiners for
Architecture and Civil Engineering. The law also allowed practicing Maestro de Obras to
be automatically registered as Architects   Tomas Mapua was given the number 1
license as architect and Carlos Barreto and Antonio Toledo as numbers 2 and 3. All the
three of them graduated in Architecture abroad.
In 1933 the organization was transformed as the Philippine Architects’ Society
with Don Juan Nakpil as president, Tomas Mapua as Vice president, Harold Keyes as
Secretary-Treasurer, Carlos Baretto and Fernando Ocampo as Directors. The
Constitution and Bylaws of the Society was patterned after American Institute of
Architects.
In 1938, the Society drafted Bill Number 1850, proposing the separate statute for
the practice of Architecture from that of Engineering, which was approved in the second
reading by the National Assembly.
In 1941 the Society’s National Convention, with 96 members, was celebrated
with a message from President Manuel L. Quezon, speeches from Vice President
Sergio Osmena and the Manila Mayor Eulogio Rodriguez, Sr . The Professional
Services of the Philippine Architects Society was promulgated. The architects in
government service were allowed to become members of PAS, thus, Juan Arellano,
Antonio Toledo and Elias Ruiz joined the society.
Then the Second World War came. The Architects formed a civilian group
stationed in Fort Santiago through Harold Keyes (co-founder of PAS) as appointed by
the U. S. Army Corps. The civilian group included Gabino de Leon,Angel Nakpil,
Edmundo Lucero, and Arsenio Topacio.  Carlos Arguelles served as a member of the
32nd Armored regiment, First Reconnaissance Battalion of the U.S. Army stationed in
the Philippines. 
After the war, in 1945,  the Philippine Architect’s Society re-organized with
Fernando Ocampo as President, Cesar H. Concio as Vice President, Jose Zaragoza as
Secretary, Luis Ma. Araneta as Treasurer; Juan Nakpil, Andres Luna de San Pedro,
Gines Rivera and Gabriel Formoso as Directors. The name of the organization was
changed to the Philippine Institute of Architects and Planners (PIAP)  which was later
changed to the Philippine Institute of Architects (PIA) by a Resolution presented by
Carlos da Silva.
In 1948, PIA presented to the President of the Philippines Elpidio Quirino a
resolution offering professional services of its members to the government to assist in
the preparation of plans for public works projects under the War Damage Commission.
A group of members of the PIA incorporated as United Architects, Inc. as a
corporate body so that the members of the Institute composed of selected members
can enter into Agreement with the Department of National Defense on the Design of the
Veteran’s Memorial Hospital. However this much sought of project was awarded to
another group of architects and engineers. 
At about this time 15 members of PIA formed another organization: the League
of Philippine Architects (LPA) headed by eminent architects of the time – Pablo S.
Antonio, Antonio V. Bañas, Pablo D. Panlilio, Jose L. Reynoso and Elias L. Ruiz – the
splinter group elected the much younger Jose V. Herrera as its first president.
Under the 6th President of the PIA Cesar H. Concio, the repealing of Act No.
2985 was approved by Congress which was vetoed by President Quirino.
During these past five years,  PIA was working on the preparation of the
Documents for the Practice of the Profession, such as the standard Forms of 
Membership,  Architectural Competition, Awards, etc.
In 1947, the first Architectural Exhibition was held at the lobby of the
Consolidated Investment Building at Plaza Goiti as part of the 3-day PIA Annual
Convention, which was held at the Manila Hotel. The highlight of the Convention was in
the Convention’s Honor Dinner wherein the first Architect of the country Carlos Barretto,
one of the founders of PAS  and surviving member of AAIF , was elevated as  PIA 
Fellow.   
In 1948, Congress enacted Republic Act No. 472, amending Administrative
Code, Section 1901; which legalized the awarding of the design of public works and
buildings to private architects and engineers, which may be considered as the magna
carta of the practice of private architects against bureaucratic architecture and
engineering.
 In 1949 the Law which separates the statutes of the Architects from the
Engineers was passed as Republic Act No. 544 andRepublic Act No. 545 (R.A. 545 has
been repealed as R.A. 9266, as R.A. 544  still  governs).
In 1950, the first Gold Medal Award for a Filipino Architect was given to Andres
Luna de San Pedro for the famous “Crystal Arcade “
In 1951, the Standards of Professional Practice prepared by the PIA was printed and
released. 
In 1953, during the 20th Annual Convention of PIA, President Quirino hosted a
cocktail part in Malacanang, the first time the Architects were honored  as guests by the
President of the Philippines.
In 1954, during the 96th Anniversary of the American Institute of Architects,
Carlos da Silva was honored as AIA Honorary Member, which was a  recognition and
honor to  the Filipino Architect by the American Architects..
On January 23, 1957, the Philippine Institute of Architects was officially admitted
as the National Section of the Union Internationale Des Architects (UIA).
In 1957 through the initiative of the PIA Committee on Professional Practice, PIA
and LPA had joint meetings to reach an agreement on the Standard Schedule of Fees.
This was an effort for the two organizations to be as one.
In 1958, the Architects employed in the government formed themselves  into
another organization :  Association of Philippine Government Architects (APGA).
In the early sixties, another group of young architects tried to organize another
architects’ group, which was called Molave. This did not prosper.
Through many years, much effort had been exerted to bridge the gap among the
three groups.
The Philippine Council of Architects (1962) was a short-lived organization of ,
LPA and APGA, which eventually became, in 1962,  the Council of Filipino Architects
(CFA), conceived to be the umbrella organization under which the three societies would
come under one banner. PIA did not affiliate to the CFA.
In 1965, APGA, LPA and PIA unanimously approved the Architects’ National
Code, the Architects’ Services and Schedule of Fees which were later approved by the
Board of Examiners for Architects.
In 1969, during the presidency of Manuel T. Manosa , PIA; Librado Macalinao,
LPA; and Luciano Aquino, APGA a memorable joint fellowship was held.
The Architect’ Bowling Club  (ABC) was organized with the members of the 3
organizations actively having tournaments, with members of the 3 organizations playing
in teams decided by handicaps and “barcadahan” rather than the affiliation with the
Architects’ organizations. There was also the Philippine Standard Invitational Ten-Pin
Bowling Tournament joined in by the architects
Other sports activities were also organized such as basketball, golf, etc.  with
members of the three organizations participating.
In 1971, on the occasion of the celebration of the 50th Anniversary of the
Profession an Ad-Hoc Committee of young architects with Carmencita L. Rosales, as
Chairman (PIA), . Maximo P. Candelaria (LPA), Vice Chairman, Remigio G. Abello
(PIA) as Secretary and Luzdivina Barawed (APGA) as Treasurer together with some 14
young architects from the 3 organizations, the committee were formed. Margie Poblete.
Of Architectscope was the Over-all Coordinator. It was a very successful affair, held at
the Manila Polo Club. Most of the big names in the 3 organizations attended the affair
as if there was only one organization of architects.  Pablo Ocampo, Cesar H. Concio,
Juan Nakpil,  Gines Rivera, Eric Nubla  Ariston Nakpil Otillo Arellano,, Anastacio Bernal,
Edilberto Florentino, Manuel Manosa, Deogracias Atienza, Contantino Agbayani, Jose
Herrera, Aquiles Paredes, Luciano Aquino,  Norberto Nuke, Gabriel Formoso, Leandro
Locsin, Felipe Mendoza, among more than one hundred architects, joined the
celebration.  Oscar Mapua, representing his father  was awarded as the holder of the
number one Architectural license in the country and then Senator Helena Z. Benitez
( later given a UAP Honorary Membership ) as a special friend in the government..
The first one hundred architects were acknowledged and awarded.     
During this time the members of  LPA and APGA under the name of the Council of
Filipino Architects endorsed the resolution which designated the second week of
December as the Nationwide Architecture Week by President Ferdinand E. Marcos.

Looking Forward to Professional Unity

The year 1973 was the year when the illusive goal of professional unity was
explicitly conceptualized.
In April 1973, the LPA President Arch. Edilberto Florentino invited PIA President
Ariston Nakpil to a meeting which started a series of conferences between the two
organizations and eventually with Deogracias Atienza, APGA President. This
culminated to the formation of the Panel of Negotiators.
The Panel of Negotiators representing the 3 organizations was created by the 3
incumbent Presidents: Deogracias Atienza of APGA; Edilberto Florentino of LPA and
Ariston Nakpil of PIA composed of 3 the Presidents together with Benjamin Meamo
and Alfredo Tungpalan for APGA; Luisito Guiang and Ricardo Poblete for LPA and
Otillo Arellano and Carmencita L. Rosales for PIA. Antonio Asiniero of Marblecraft acted
as the Moderator in all the meetings of the Panel of Negotiators and at the same time of
hosted the group, together with other concerned members present at the Architectural
Center Club Inc. (ACCI) at the ABC Building, Ayala Avenue..
On June 1973 President Ferdinand Marcos issued PD 223 creating the
Professional Regulation Commission (PRC) for the purpose of regulating the practice of
all professions.
On July 13, 1973, APGA-LPA-PIA Fellowship Affair was held at the Architectural
Center Club Inc. (ACCI).
On September 4, 1973 – after a long span of time, enough to heal the bruised
knuckles and egos of the members of the three organizations, the Panel of Negotiators
after the approval of each of the Boards of the 3 Organizations signed the Joint
Comunique defining the principles and guidelines of the Integration of the three
Organizations headed by the incumbent Presidents.
On October 13, the Council of Filipino Architects endorsed the integration move,
while the Panel of Negotiators formally communicated with the Board of Architecture on
the proposed integration on October 24, 1973.
On December 9-10, the Architecture Week was jointly celebrated by APGA-LPA-
PIA, highlighted on December 10, by the passing of the Joint Board Resolution of
Integration of PIA, LPA and APGA. This Joint Resolution was ratified without objection
in a joint general assembly on December 16, 1973 at the Architectural Center in Makati.
The Joint Board Resolution laid down the objectives and concepts of the
integration and created the Ad-Hoc Commission to implement the terms of integration
and to prepare the constitution and bylaws of the proposed organization.
The members of the Ad-Hoc Commission were: From PIA came Adolfo
Benavides (President), Ariston Nakpil, Otillo Arellano, Felipe Mendoza and Cesar
Canchela; for LPA, Norberto Nuke (President), Edilberto Florentino, Aquiles Paredes,
Victor Tiotuyco, and Jose Herrera; and for APGA, Deogracias Atienza (President),
Benjamin Meamo, Alfredo Tungpalan, Benjamin Feliciano and Luciano Aquino.

The Journey to UAP

On January 1, 1974, the Ad-Hoc Commission assumed its function and
formulated the Constitution and By-Laws of the proposed new organization which was
approved on December 19, and ratified by the membership of APGA, LPA, and PIA on
January 15, 1974.
A name for the organization had to be chosen. A Committee on Organizational
Name was constituted on June 8, 1974, and composed of Architects Felipe M.
Mendoza (PIA), Jose V. Herrera (LPA) and Deogracias Atienza (APGA) was tasked to
submit to the Ad-Hoc Commission a list of names from which one may be chosen,
suitable for adoption by the new national organization.
After a thorough analysis, review and evaluation, many drawn to the name
United Architects of the Philippines and was chosen because it directly expressed the
central concept on which the organization was founded: unity.
On December 12, 1974, after the Ad-hoc Commission completed its task, the
Boards of all three founding organizations unanimously approved the Constitution and
By-Laws of the United Architects of the Philippines.
To take over the task of administering the affairs of UAP until the first Regular
Board of Directors would have been elected, the life of the Ad-Hoc Commission was
extended to become the Interim Board.
On March 26, 1975, UAP was incorporated and was registered with the
Securities and Exchange Commission with Registration No. 60782 and on May 12, the
Professional Regulation Commission with Architect Eric Nubla as the first
Commissioner, issued Certificate No. 001 to UAP as the duly accredited professional
organization of architects in the Philippines.
The members of the Interim Board were: Norberto Nuke (President), Cesar
Canchela (VP for Private Practice), Deogracias Atienza (VP for Government Services),
Aquiles Paredes (VP for Allied Fields), Benjamin Meamo (Secretary), Alfredo
Tungpalan (Treasurer) and Luciano Aquino, Otilio Arellano, Benjamin Feliciano,
Edilberto Florentino, Bernandino Lozad, Arturo Mañalac, Ariston Nakpil, Victor Tiotuyco
and Evelio Valdes as directors.
Finally on December 12, 1975, the members of the UAP elected the First
Regular Board of Directors, namely: Jose Herrera (President), Manuel Mañosa, Jr. (VP
for Private Practice), Ruperto Gaite (VP for Government Service), Cesar Concio (VP for
Allied Fields), Urbano Caasi, Jr. (Secretary), Librado Macalinao (Treasurer), and Felipe
Mendoza, Ricardo Poblete, Constantino Agbayani, Corazon Tandoc, Jesse Mackay,
Antonio Ascalon, Johnny Sulit as directors while Norberto Nuke as ex-officio.
Meanwhile, a group of PIA members led by Adolfo Benavides and some
members of the Board of the PIA, did not choose to become members of the United
Architects of the Philippines. PIA did not dissolve. Some members, while registered as
members of UAP remained as members of PIA. Until came a time, during the
presidency of Felipe Mendoza, UAP has drafted a Board Resolution, and later became
part of the Bylaws of UAP, dual membership to UAP and PIA was not allowed. This led
to the existence of PIA as another separate Professional Organization.
In 1976, UAP became one of the founding members of the Philippine Federation
of Professional Organizations (PFPA, the Philippine Technological Council (PTC), and
the Philippine Council for Planning and Housing (PCPH).
 In 1979, UAP became one of the founding members of the Architects Regional
Council of Asia. In 1988 UAP became the National Section of UIA.

AS IT CONTINUES
In 2003, UAP entered an agreement with the Philippine Institute of Civil
Engineers (PICE) to support each other's legislative initiative and to finally fully
segregate the two practices of architects and civil engineers.[citation needed] The
architects were to give up structural design while the civil engineers will give up
architectural design.
In 2004, Republic Act No. 9266 (RA 9266) was passed. It was known as the
Architecture Act of 2004. It states that the architects shall be the sole professionals with
the exclusive privilege to prepare, sign and seal architectural documents.[4] PICE
contested the decision and filed a bill in Congress seeking to make civil engineers the
prime professional for buildings; some architects[who?] contested this filing by actively
engaging civil engineers in print media to distinguish the two professional practices.
In 2005, the AAIF led the architects in defeating the 2004 bill filed by civil
engineers in the Congress. The Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH)
published thrice the 2004 Revised Implementing Rules and Regulations (IRR) of PD
1096, the 1977 National Building Code, which states that only architects shall sign and
seal architectural documents. PICE then sued the Secretary of DPWH over the matter,
and UAP intervened with the case, which is now pending in the Supreme Court.
In 2007, the newly reconstituted Professional Regulatory Board of Architecture
(PRBoA) commenced its active campaign against the perceived illegal practitioners of
the architecture profession in the Philippines, including the civil engineers. PICE
countered by suing the PRBoA Acting Chair in civil court. The Regional Trial Court of
Manila favored with the architects in 2009 in the 2005 case filed by PICE against the
DPWH Secretary, with UAP as the intervenor. PRBoA then fled 2 complaints at the
Office of the Ombudsman (already consolidated) vs. the DPWH Secretary, 1 Senior
DPWH Under Secretary, 1 DPWH Under Secretary, PICE and the publisher of a
popular commercial (but intercalated) version of P.D. No. 1096 and its 2004 Revised
IRR. In 2010, the PICE again sued the PRBoA Acting Chair at the Office of the
Ombudsman, which was already twice dismissed by the Office of the Ombudsman.
[citation needed]
In January 2012, the Court of Appeals ruled in favor of the PICE in the 2005 case
it filed vs. the DPWH Secretary, with the UAP as Intervenor; UAP appealed the decision
at the Supreme Court. In 2014 and 2015, Congress started hearing the new bills filed by
both the architects and civil engineers. Based on the initial reading of the bills, the
architects mainly seek to restore the portions of architectural practice (including limited
structural design) lost through past legislation and to define the practice consistent with
worldwide practices.

3. ARCHITECT’S CODE

THE ARCHITECT’S CODE: STANDARDS OF PROFESSIONAL

CONDUCT AND PRACTICE

As an architect you are expected to:

1. Be honest and act with integrity
2. Be competent
3. Promote your services honestly and responsibly
4. Manage your business competently
5. Consider the wider impact of your work
6. Carry out your work faithfully and conscientiously
7. Be trustworthy and look after your clients’
1. money properly
8. Have appropriate insurance arrangements
9. Maintain the reputation of architects
10. Deal with disputes or complaints appropriately
11. Co-operate with regulatory requirements and investigations
12. Have respect for others

Introduction
Section 13 of the Architects Act 1997 (“the Act”) requires the Architects Registration
Board (“ARB”) to issue a Code laying down the standards of professional conduct and
practice expected of persons registered as architects under the Act. This is that Code.
Any failure to comply with the provisions of this Code is not of itself to be taken as
constituting unacceptable professional conduct or serious professional incompetence,
but it shall be taken into account in any disciplinary proceedings before ARB’s
Professional Conduct Committee. You are expected to be guided in your professional
conduct and professional work by the spirit of the Code as well as by its express terms.
The Code also covers your private life where your conduct may affect your fitness to
practice as an architect, or public confidence in the profession. The fact that a course of
conduct is not specifically referred to in the Code does not mean that it cannot form the
basis of disciplinary proceedings. Each case is judged on its facts, and there may be
circumstances in which unacceptable professional conduct or serious professional
incompetence is found even where there has been no clear breach of the express terms
of the Code. Not every shortcoming, or failure to meet the Standards expected by the
Code, will necessarily give rise to disciplinary proceedings. A disciplinary order may be
made against you if you are convicted of a criminal offence that has material relevance
to your fitness to practice as an architect.

STANDARD 1

Honesty and Integrity

1.1 You are expected at all times to act with honesty and integrity and to avoid any
actions or situations which are inconsistent with your professional obligations. This
standard underpins the Code and will be taken to be required in any consideration of
your conduct under any of the other standards.
1.2 You should not make any statement which is contrary to your professional opinion
or which you know to be misleading, unfair to others or discreditable to the profession.
1.3 Where a conflict of interest arises you are expected to disclose it in writing and
manage it to the satisfaction of all affected parties. You should seek written confirmation
that all parties involved give their informed consent to your continuing to act. Where this
consent is not received you should cease acting for one or more of the parties.
1.4 Where you make or receive any payment or other inducement for the introduction or
referral of work, you should disclose the arrangement to the client or prospective client
at the outset.

STANDARD 2

Competence
2.1 You are expected to be competent to carry out the professional work you undertake
to do, and if you engage others to do that work they should be competent and
adequately supervised.
2.2 You are expected to make appropriate arrangements for your professional work in
the event of incapacity, death, absence from, or inability to, work.
2.3 You are expected to ensure that the necessary communication skills and local
knowledge are available to you to discharge your responsibilities.
2.4 You are expected to keep your knowledge and skills relevant to your professional
work up to date and be aware of the content of any guidelines issued by ARB from time
to time.
STANDARD 3

Honest promotion of your services

3.1 You are expected to promote your professional services in a truthful and
responsible manner.
3.2 In advertising and promoting your professional services you should comply with the
codes and principles applying to advertising generally. These include those of the
Advertising Standards Authority or any other body having oversight of advertising
standards in various media.
3.3 The business style of a practice should not be misleading.
3.4 If you are a principal in a practice you are expected to ensure that all architectural
work is under the control and management of one or more architects, and that their
names are made known to clients and any relevant third party.
3.5 You should notify your client promptly of any change in the identity of the architect
responsible for the work.

STANDARD 4

Competent management of your business

4.1 You are expected to have effective systems in place to ensure that your practice is
run professionally and that projects are regularly monitored and reviewed.
4.2 You should ensure that you are able to provide adequate professional, financial and
technical resources when entering into a contract and throughout its duration. You
should also, where appropriate, ensure you have sufficient suitably qualified and
supervised staff to provide an effective and efficient service to clients.
4.3 You should ensure that adequate security is in place to safeguard both paper and
electronic records for your clients, taking full account of data protection legislation, and
that clients’ confidential information is safeguarded.
4.4 You are expected to ensure that before you undertake any professional work you
have entered into a written agreement with the client which adequately covers:
• The contracting parties;
• The scope of the work:
• The fee or method of calculating it;
• Who will be responsible for what;
• Any constraints or limitations on the responsibilities of the parties;
• The provisions for suspension or termination of the agreement, including
any legal rights of cancellation;
• A statement that you have adequate and appropriate insurance cover as
specified by ARB;
• The existence of any Alternative Dispute Resolution schemes that the
contract is subject to and how they might be accessed;
• That you have a complaints-handling procedure available on request;
• That you are registered with the Architects Registration Board and that
you are subject to this Code.
4.5 Any agreed variations to the written agreement should be recorded in writing.
4.6 Upon reasonable demand you should promptly return to a client any papers, plans
or property to which they are legally entitled.

STANDARD 5

Considering the wider impact of your work

5.1 Where appropriate, you should advise your client how best to conserve and
enhance the quality of the environment and its natural resources.

STANDARD 6

You should carry out your professional work conscientiously

and with due regard to relevant technical and professional
standards
6.1 You are expected to carry out your work with skill and care and in accordance with
the terms of your engagement.
6.2 You should carry out your professional work without undue delay and, so far is
reasonably practicable, in accordance with any time-scale and cost limits agreed with
your client.
6.3 You are expected to keep your client informed of the progress of work you
undertake on their behalf and of any issue which may significantly affect its quality or
cost.
6.4 You should, when acting between parties or giving advice, exercise impartial and
independent professional judgment.

STANDARD 7

Trustworthiness and safeguarding clients’ money

7.1 You are expected to keep proper records of all money held by you which belongs to
a client or other third party, and to account for it at all times.
7.2 You should keep such money in a designated interest-bearing bank account, called
a “client account” which is separate from any personal or business account.
7.3 You are expected to instruct the bank in writing and ensure that all money in the
client account is held as clients’ money, and that the bank cannot combine it with any
other account, or exercise any right of set-off or counterclaim against it.
7.4 You should ensure that money is not withdrawn from a client account to make a
payment unless it is made to or on behalf of a client on the client’s specific written
instructions.
7.5 Unless otherwise agreed by the client, you should arrange for any interest (or other
benefit) accruing from a client account to be paid to the client.

STANDARD 8

Insurance arrangements
8.1 You are expected to have adequate and appropriate professional indemnity
insurance cover for you, your practice and your employees. You should ensure that
your insurance remains adequate to meet a claim. You are expected to maintain a
minimum level of cover, including run-off cover, in accordance with ARB’s guidance.
8.2 The need for cover extends to professional work undertaken outside your main
practice or employment.
8.3 If you are an employed architect you should, as far as possible, ensure that
insurance cover and/ or other appropriate indemnity arrangements are provided by your
employer.
8.4 When requested, you are expected to provide ARB with evidence that you have
professional indemnity insurance in accordance with this Standard.

STANDARD 9

Maintaining the reputation of architects

9.1 You should ensure that your professional finances are managed responsibly.
9.2 You are expected to conduct yourself in a way which does not bring either yourself
or the profession into disrepute. If you find yourself in a position where you know that
you have fallen short of these standards, or that your conduct could reflect badly on the
profession, you are expected to report the matter to ARB. You should notify the
Registrar within 28 days if, for example, you:
• Are convicted of a criminal offence;
• Are made the subject of a court order disqualifying you from acting as a
company director;
• Are made the subject of a Bankruptcy Order, Debt Relief Order or
Bankruptcy Restriction Order;
• Have given a director disqualification undertaking or Bankruptcy
Restriction undertaking;
• Are a director of a company which is wound up or placed in administration
or a CVA (other than for amalgamation or reconstruction purposes);
• Make an accommodation with creditors (including a voluntary
arrangement);
• fail to pay a judgment debt.
9.3 In appropriate circumstances, you should report to ARB and/or other public authority
another architect whose conduct falls significantly short of the expected standards. If
you are in doubt as to whether such a report is required, you should consult ARB for
guidance.
9.4 Standard 9.3 may not apply to the contents of privileged information given to you
when acting as an arbitrator, adjudicator, mediator, conciliator or expert witness.
9.5 You should not enter into any agreement the terms of which would prevent any
party from reporting an apparent breach of the Code to ARB.

STANDARD 10

Deal with disputes or complaints appropriately

10.1 You are expected to have a written procedure for the handling of complaints which
will be in accordance with the Code and published guidance.
10.2 Complaints should be handled courteously and promptly at every stage, and as far
as practicable in accordance with the following time scales: a) an acknowledgement
within 10 working days from the receipt of a complaint; and
 b) a response addressing the issues raised in the initial letter of complaint within
30 working days from its receipt.
10.3 If appropriate, you should encourage alternative methods of dispute resolution,
such as mediation or conciliation.

STANDARD 11

Co-operation with regulatory requirements and

investigations

11.1 You are expected to co-operate fully and promptly with ARB, and within any
specified timescale, if it asks you to provide information which it needs to carry out its
statutory duties, including evidence that you are complying with these Standards.
11.2 You should notify ARB promptly and in writing of any changes in the details held
about you on the Register, including your address. Under the Act, architects who do not
tell ARB of a change of address may be removed from the Register.
 STANDARD 12

Respect for others

12.1 You should treat everyone fairly. You must act in compliance with your legal
obligations. You must not discriminate because of age, disability, gender reassignment,
marriage and civil partnership, pregnancy and maternity, race, religion or belief, sex, or
sexual orientation.

General Guidance
A. Interpretation & Definitions
B. Legal Proceedings
C. Leaflets and Advice

A. Interpretation & Definitions

The whole of this document is the Code of Conduct issued by the Architects
Registration Board in accordance with section 13 of the Architects Act 1997. It is
effective as of 1 January 2017.
Throughout this Code:
• Architect has the meaning given to it by the Architects Act 1997.
• Principal is the architect in control and management of all the architectural
work pursuant to section 20(3) Architects Act 1997
• Bank may also mean a similar institution.
• Client means the person or body to whom the architect agrees to supply
services or goods.
• ARB means the Architects Registration Board.
• Registrar means the Registrar of the Architects Registration Board.
• Professional Conduct Committee means the Professional Conduct
Committee of the Board.
• Disciplinary Proceedings means proceedings taken in accordance with the
Architects Act 1997.
• A word in the singular shall be taken as including the plural; and a word in
the plural shall be taken as including the singular, unless otherwise
specified.
The following sections provide guidance on ARB’s approach to complaints which are
made in the context of court proceedings or arbitrations. It is not part of the Code.
• Throughout this document:
 ‘must’ is used where the duty is compulsory by law;
 ‘should’ is used where the duty would not apply in all situations and where there
are exceptional circumstances outside your control that could affect whether, or
how, you can comply with the guidance.\

B. Legal Proceedings

1. Parallel Proceedings
ARB may suspend an investigation pending the outcome of civil or criminal
proceedings where this is necessary in the interests of justice.
2. Civil or Tribunal Proceedings
It will not automatically lead to disciplinary proceedings if a civil action is successfully
brought against you. However, the facts giving rise to a civil suit may result in
disciplinary proceedings if they disclose serious professional incompetence or
unacceptable professional conduct. Conduct resulting in proceedings against you
relating to your employment of others, whether based on unfair dismissal, disability,
age, gender, sexual orientation, ethnicity, race discrimination or otherwise, may
amount to unacceptable professional conduct, and judicial findings may be evidence
in the disciplinary process.
3. Criminal Proceedings
ARB does not determine whether or not a criminal offence has been committed and
ARB will not assume the responsibilities allocated to the criminal justice system. If
you are acquitted by a court of a criminal charge, you may nonetheless be still
subject to disciplinary proceedings arising from the same factual circumstances.

Criminal Convictions
A criminal conviction may be materially relevant to your fitness to practice, if, for
example (this list is not exclusive):
a) It constitutes an offence under the Architects Act 1997 or other legislation directly
affecting architects.
b) It arises directly out of your professional activities.
c) It constitutes an offence of dishonesty.
d) It otherwise calls into question your integrity.
 C. Leaflets and Advice
ARB does not give legal advice, nor does it become involved in the settlement of
disputes. ARB does publish a range of information leaflets about different aspects of
its work. If you are in doubt as to how to act in a particular situation, you should seek
independent professional or legal advice.
You are expected to observe this Code wherever in the world you work. In a
country where there are accepted standards of professional conduct for architects,
you are expected to (and, if registered there, you should) also conduct yourself
according to that country’s codes and ethical standards. Advice on the appointment
of Architects, including the appointment of expert witnesses or advisers in the case
of disputes, can be obtained from the Royal Institute of British Architects, the Royal
Incorporation of Architects in Scotland, the Royal Society of Ulster Architects, the
Royal Society of Architects in Wales, the Association of Consultant Architects, or
other relevant professional organization.

REFERENCES:
 https://arb.org.uk/architect-information/architects-code-standards-of-conduct-
and-practice/#:~:text=Section%2013%20of%20the%20Architects,This%20is
%20that%20Code.
 https://united-architects.org/about/history-of-uap/
 https://www.prc.gov.ph/uploaded/documents/Board%20of%20Architecture-
CE.pdf
 https://united-architects.org/about/history-of-uap/
 https://arb.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/Architects-Code-2017.pdf
 https://www.slideshare.net/ymahgoub/the-architecture-profession