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    AMME2500 Assignment 1

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    Drago6678
    The document contains code for modeling the descent of a skydiver using Euler integration. It defines two models - Model A which uses constant atmospheric properties, and Model B which varies properties with altitude. Graphs of velocity vs time and altitude vs time show Model B reaches higher velocities and the ground faster due to lower density air at high altitudes. A third graph shows time to impact decreases with starting altitude. Terminal velocity is reached in both models and is lower after parachute deployment.

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    AMME2500 Assignment 1

    Uploaded by

    Drago6678
    59 views5 pages
    The document contains code for modeling the descent of a skydiver using Euler integration. It defines two models - Model A which uses constant atmospheric properties, and Model B which varies properties with altitude. Graphs of velocity vs time and altitude vs time show Model B reaches higher velocities and the ground faster due to lower density air at high altitudes. A third graph shows time to impact decreases with starting altitude. Terminal velocity is reached in both models and is lower after parachute deployment.

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    The document contains code for modeling the descent of a skydiver using Euler integration. It defines two models - Model A which uses constant atmospheric properties, and Model B which varies properties with altitude. Graphs of velocity vs time and altitude vs time show Model B reaches higher velocities and the ground faster due to lower density air at high altitudes. A third graph shows time to impact decreases with starting altitude. Terminal velocity is reached in both models and is lower after parachute deployment.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    59 views5 pages

    AMME2500 Assignment 1

    Uploaded by

    Drago6678
    The document contains code for modeling the descent of a skydiver using Euler integration. It defines two models - Model A which uses constant atmospheric properties, and Model B which varies properties with altitude. Graphs of velocity vs time and altitude vs time show Model B reaches higher velocities and the ground faster due to lower density air at high altitudes. A third graph shows time to impact decreases with starting altitude. Terminal velocity is reached in both models and is lower after parachute deployment.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 5

    Subject: AMME 2500

    SID: 440376024

    Date: 27/3/21

    Question 1.i Euler integration function.


    function [t,s,v] = euler_intergration2(y,yp,m)

    % gravity, air drag and density constants


    g = 9.81;
    pd = 1.226;

    % Time increment
    dt = 0.05;

    % time period
    t = 0:dt:(y/25);

    % Vector with amount of time and vector with velocity at each time
    s = zeros(1,length(t));
    v = zeros(1,length(t));

    % set the initial values for v and s


    v(1) = 0;
    s(1) = y;

    % flag to choose between models


    if m == 0
    % Use Euler's method to solve for velocity and position over
    time
    % Using a for loop start at k = 2
    for k = 2:(length(t))
    % initalize the switch for kd at s = 500
    if s(k-1) <= yp
    kd = 0.15;
    else
    % kd when parachute deploys
    kd = 0.003;
    end

    % Find acceleration due to gravity while accoutning for drag


    ak = kd*pd*(v(k-1).^2) - g;
    % Find velocity and acceleration knowing ds = v(k) and dv =
    ak
    % perform Euler's integration for velocity and acceleration
    v(k) = v(k-1)+ak*dt;
    s(k) = s(k-1) + v(k-1)*dt;
    end
    elseif m == 1
    % Use Euler's method to solve for velocity and position over
    time
    % using a for loop, Start at k = 2
    for k = 2:(length(t))
    % determine the standard atmospheric model results
    T = 15.04 -0.00649*s(k-1);
    Ps = 101.29*(((273.1+T)/288.08).^5.256);
    p = Ps/(0.2869*(T+273.1));
    % initialize the switch for kd at s = 500
    if s(k-1) <= yp
    kd = 0.15;
    else
    % kd when parachute deploys
    kd = 0.003;
    end

    % Find acceleration due to gravity while accouting for drag


    ak = kd*p*(v(k-1).^2) - g;
    % Discover velocity and acceleration knowing ds = v(k) and
    dv = ak
    % perform Euler's integration for velocity and acceleration
    v(k) = v(k-1) + ak*dt;
    s(k) = s(k-1) + v(k-1)*dt;
    end
    else
    % return an error message if m = 0 or m = 1 is not used
    error('please select 0 or 1 for model A or B respectively')
    end
    end

    Question 1.ii and 1.iii Graph the models and use the functions
    % clear workspace
    clear;
    clc;
    clf;

    % Initialization of function inputs Height Parachute deployment and


    model
    % number 0 == A and 1 == B
    y = 4000;
    yp = 500;
    m = 0;

    % Call Euler's integration function for model A


    [t1,s1,v1]= euler_intergration2(y,yp,m);

    % Obtain a set of vectors again for model B by letting m = 1


    m = 1;
    [t2,s2,v2] = euler_intergration2(y,yp,m);

    % Graph Velocity vs time using the plot function model A in blue


    figure(1)
    plot(t1,v1,'b')
    hold on
    % Plot the second line of velocity vs. time Model B in red
    plot(t2,v2,'r');
    % title and label each aspect of the graph including axis and lines
    % labelled, legends and units specified
    title('Velocity vs. Time')
    ylabel('Velocity (ms)')
    xlabel('Time (s)')
    legend('Model A','Model B','Location','East')
    grid on

    % Graph altitude vs time using model A in blue


    figure(2)
    plot(t1,s1,'b')
    hold on
    % Plot model B using red onto the altitude vs. time graph
    plot(t2,s2,'r');
    % title and label each aspect of the graph including axis and lines
    % labelled legends and units specified
    title('Altitude vs. Time')
    ylabel('Altitude (m)')
    xlabel('Time (s)')
    legend('Model A','Model B','Location','East')
    grid on

    % Q1iii determine the maximum free fall possible using Q1i function
    % complete for range 1000m to 4000m
    % record the time taken to hit the ground for each simulation run
    % two curves in one figure one using Model A and One Model B

    % set parachute free jumping


    yp = 0;
    % set a range of values between 1000 and 4000
    yt = 1000:1:4000;

    % initialize an empty vector with time values time test = tt


    t_model = zeros(2,length(yt));

    % run a loop to obtain different times for each range


    % test results for both model A and B 0 and 1 respectively
    for m = 0:1
    % obtain time for each iteration of height
    for i = 1:length(yt)
    [t3,s3,v3] = euler_intergration2(yt(i),yp,m);
    % determine the first instance the object has landed by
    finding
    % when the height first goes negative
    f = find(s3<=0,1);
    % let this be the position at which t3 is extracted the time
    when
    % s(k) first goes negative
    t_model(m+1,i) = t3(f);
    end
    end
    hold off
    % Create a third figure and plot the time to hit the ground as a
    function
    % of time
    figure(3)
    plot(yt,t_model);
    % Title and label each aspect of the graph including axis and lines
    % labelled, legends and units specified
    title('Time vs. Jump Altitude')
    xlabel('Altitude (m)')
    ylabel('Time (s)')
    legend('Model A','Model B','Location','East')
    grid on

    Figure 1

    Figure 2
    Figure 3

    Question 1.iv

    Terminal velocity is the constant velocity attained when the forces of gravity are in equilibrium with
    forces opposing and aiding an objects gravitational descent such as drag and atmospheric density
    respectively.

    Based on the plots found using Euler’s Integration method. It is evident that the amount of drag in
    both models brings the sky diver to a constant terminal velocity of approx. -52m/s in model A.
    further to this, Figure 1 Model B shows that reduced atmospheric density at higher altitudes has the
    further effect of increasing the rate of descent of the sky diver in Model B. Further to this we see that
    as the atmospheric density getting closer to the earth increases that rate of descent slows at a
    constant rate from time 18s to 60s.

    The parachute deployment at y=500m also has the immediate effect of increasing the drag of the
    skydiver against gravity and hence changes the terminal velocity to a constant rate of approx. 7.5m/s,
    at this point it is evident that the effect of Model B atmospheric density is now negligible. The
    increase of drag at y = 500m is further emphasised in figure 2 as the steepness of the gradient in both
    models change becoming less steep suggesting a slowly rate of descent.

    In both figures 1 and 2 model B indicated that the effect of reduced atmospheric density reduces the
    time taken for the skydiver to reach the ground. We can conclude model B to be a more accurate
    depiction of the skydivers descent in terms of experience with both density and drag and its effect of
    terminal velocity.

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