PRESENT SIMPLE TENSE

(yang menyatakan kondisi)

1. Menyatakan kondisi pada saat ini. 2. Susunan kalimat (+) Subject + is / am / are + complement + adverb to be penjelas keterangan (?) Is / am / are + S + C + A + ? (-) S + is / am / are + not + C + A 3. I = am He, She,It = is You,We,They = are 4 . ADVERB OF TIME ( Keterangan Waktu ) usually = biasanya always = selalu steadily = terus menerus often = sering kali frequently = seringkali often = sering kali rarelly = jarang seldom = jarang now and than = kadang kala some times = kadang occasionally = kadang - kadang ever = pernah never = tidak pernah every = setiap every day = setiap hari every week = setia minggu every other day = setiap dua hari generally = umumnya normally = biasanya regularly = secara teratur as a rule = lazimnya today = hari ini once = sekali twice = dua kali three times = tiga kali

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5. ADVERB OF PLACE ( Keterangan Tempat ) in the sky = di langit on the chair = di kursi under the tree = di bawah pohon near my house = dekat rumah saya over the bridge = diatas jembatan

6.Complement Memberikan penjelasan pada subject atau object. Bisa berupa adjective atau noun CONTOH 1. (+ )

(? ) (-) 2. ( + )

I am a student at SMP 3 Mranggen. S P Subject C. Adverb of place Saya seorang murid di smp 3 mrangen. Am I a student at SMP 3 Mranggen. I am not a student at SMP Mranggen. You are S P Kamu di Are you You are in the yard. Adverb of place halaman. in the yard ? not in the yard

(?) (-) 3. ( + )

(?) (-) 4. ( + )

He is my father. S P Subject Complement Ia ayah saya. Is he your father ? He is not my father Hasan is the cleverest student in my class S P Subject Complement Adverb of place Hasan adalah murid yang paling pandai dikelas saya. Is Hasan the cleverest student in my class ? Hasan is not the cleverest student in my class. She is very diligent S P Subject Complement Dia sangat rajin. Is she very diligent ? She is not very diligent

(?) (-) 5. ( + )

(-) (?)

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PRESENT SIMPLE TENSE (menyatakan aktivitas)

1. 2. Menyatakan aktivitas yang diulang-ulang Susunan kalimat ( + ) S + V1 (V1 + S/es) + O + A ( ? ) Do/does + S + V1 + O + A +? ( - ) S + do/does + not + V1 + O + A I You We They V1 V1 V1 V1 He She It V1 + S/es V1 + S/es V1 + S/es

3.

4 . ADVERB OF TIME ( Keterangan Waktu ) usually = biasanya always = selalu steadily = terus menerus often = sering kali frequently = seringkali often = sering kali rarelly = jarang seldom = jarang now and than = kadang kala some times = kadang occasionally = kadang - kadang ever = pernah never = tidak pernah every = setiap every day = setiap hari every week = setia minggu every other day = setiap dua hari generally = umumnya normally = biasanya regularly = secara teratur as a rule = lazimnya today = hari ini once = sekali twice = dua kali three times = tiga kali

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Print Contoh : 1. (+)

(?) (-) 2. (+)

I go to school at 06.30 every morning S P ( V ) Adverb of place Adverb of time Saya pergi kesekolah jam 06.30 setiap pagi. Do you go to school at 06.30 every morning ? I do not go to school at every morning You write your name on the board S P( V1 ) O Adverb of place Kamu menulis namamu di papan. Do you write your name on the board ? You do not write your name on the board. He plays the piano every Sunday. S P (V1+s/es) O Ad of time Ia memainkan piano setiap minggu. Does he play the piano every Sunday ? He does not play the piano every Sunday. works in his shop. My Father usually S Ad of time P(V1,S/es) Adverb of place Ayahku biasanya bekerja di toko ini. Does my father usually work in his shop ? My father does not usually work in his shop. She ever dances in Jakarta. S A P(V1+S/e) Adverb of place Ia pernah menari di Jakarta. Does she ever dance in Jakarta ? She does not ever dance in Jakarta. swimming. Susi rarelly practices S Adv. f P(V1+s/es) O Susi jarang berlatih berenang. Does Susi practice swimming ? She does not rarelly practice swimming. the chicken. The lion pounce on S P(V1+s/es) O Singa itu menerkam ayam. Does the lion pounce on the chicken ? She does not pounce on the chicken.
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(?) (-) 3. (+)

(?) (-) 4. (+)

(?) (-) 5. (+)

(?) (-) 6. (+)

(?) (-) 7. (+)

(?) (-)

8.

(+)

(?) (-) 9.

makes me happy. The monkey S P(V1+s/es) O C Monyet itu membuat saya bahagia. Does the monkey make me happy ? The Monkey does not make me happy.

( + ) The sky becomes dark. S P C Langit menjadi gelap. ( ? ) Does the sky become dark. ( - ) The sky does not become dark. ( + ) We enjoy the Benoa beach. S P(V1) O Kami menikmati di pantai Benoa. ( ? ) Do we enjoy the Benoa beach ? ( - ) we do not enjoy the Benoa beach. ( + ) You and I take a bath in the beach. S P(V1) Adverb of place Kamu dan saya mandi di pantai. ( ? ) Do You and I take a bath in the beach. ( - ) You and I do not take a bath in the beach. every day. ( + ) They sell the fruit in the market S P O Adverb of place Adverb of time Mereka menjual buah di pasar setiap hari. ( ? ) Do they sell the fruit in the market every day ? ( - ) They do not sell the fruit in the market every day. ( + ) Tono and Tini wash their dress in the river. S P O Adverb of place Tono dan Tini mencuci baju di sungai. ( ? ) Do Tono and Tini wash their dress in the river ? ( - ) Tono and Tini do not wash their dress in the river.

10.

11.

12.

13.

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PRESENT CONTINOUS TENSE (menyatakan Aktifitas)

1. Menyatakan Aktifitas yang sedang berlangsung pada saat berbicara 2. Susunan Kalimat : ( + ) S + is/am/are + V.ing + O + A ( ? ) is/am/are + S + V.ing + O + A + ? ( - ) S + is/am/are + not + V.ing + O + A ? 3. I, he, she, it You, We, They 4. Keterangan waktu : - Now = - at present = Contoh Kalimat : am discussing the football with my father. 1. ( + ) I S P O Adverb Saya sedang berdiskusi sepak bola dengan ayah saya ( ? ) Am I discussing the football with my father ? ( - ) I am not discussing the football with my father. 2. ( + ) You are closing the door now. S P O Adv. of time Kamu sedang menutup pintu sekarang ( ? ) Are you closing the door now ? ( - ) You are not the door now . is are

sekarang sekarang

3. ( + ) You are doing the homework at present. S P O Adv. of time Kamu sedang mengerjakan PR sekarang ( ? ) Are you doing the homework at present ? ( - ) You are not doing the homework at present.

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4. ( + ) He is building his house now. S P O Adv. of time Dia sedang membangun rumahnya sekarang ( ? ) Is he building his house now ? ( - ) He is not building his house now. 5. ( + ) The doctor is working in the hospital. S P Adv. of place Dokter itu sedang bekerja di rumah sakit ( ? ) Is the doctor working in the hospital ? ( - ) The doctor is not working in the hospital. 6. ( + ) She is dancing in the stage. S P Adv. of place Ia sedang menari di panggung. ( ? ) Is she dancing in the stage ? ( - ) She is not dancing in the stage. 7. ( + ) My sister is watering the flowers. S P O Kakak perempuan saya sedang menyiram bunga. ( ? ) Is my sister watering the flowers ? ( - ) My sister is not watering he flowers. 8. ( + ) He is watching the football in the television. S P O Adv. of place Dia sedang melihat sepakbola di TV. ( ? ) Is he watching the football in the television ? ( - ) He is not watching the dootball in the television. 9. ( + ) She is planting the mango tree in the garden. S P O Adv. place Dia sedang menanam pohon mangga di kebun. ( ? ) Is she planting the mango tree in the garden ? ( - ) She is not plabting the mango tee in the garden. 10. ( + ) The Lizard is creeping on the wall. S P Adv. of place Cicak itu sedang merayap di tembok. ( ? ) Is the lizard creeping on the wall ? ( - ) The lizard is not creeping on the wall.

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11. ( + ) We are drawaing the scenery on the board. S P O Adv. of place Kami sedang menggambar pemandangan di papan. ( ? ) Are we drawing the scenery on the board ? ( - ) We are not drawing the scenery on the board. 12. ( + ) You and I are drinking ice now. S P O Adv. of time Kamu dan saya sedang minum es. ( ? ) Are you and i drinking ice ? ( - ) You and I are not drinking ice. 13. ( + ) They are leaving for Semarang. S P Adv. of place Mereka sedang pergi meninggalkan Semarang. ( ? ) Are they leaving for Semarang ? ( - ) They are not leaving for Semarang. 14. ( + ) The students are entertaining the guest. S P O Murid murid sedang menghibur para tamu. ( ? ) Are the students entertaining the guest ? ( - ) The students are not entertaining the guest.

* Kalimat Present Continuos Tense yang menyatakan kondisi sama dengan kalimat Present Tense yang menyatakan kondisi.

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SIMPLE PAST TENSE ( yang menyatakan kondisi )

1. Menyatakan kondisi pada masa lampau. 2. Susunan kalimat : ( + ) S + Was/were + complement + Adv ( - ) Was/were + S + complement + Adv + ? ( ? ) S + Was/were + not + complement + Adv

3. I He She It

was

You We They

Were

4. Keterangan Waktu - Just now = baru saja - This morning = pagi tadi - Yesterday = kemarin - Last . . . . = yang lalu - . . . . ago = yang lalu Contoh : last year. 1. (+ ) I was the laziest student in my class S P S. complement Adv. of place Adv. of time Saya murid paling malas di kelas saya tahun lalu. ( ? ) Was I the laziest the student in my class last year ? ( - ) I was not the laziest student in my class last year. 2. (+) very happy in the party last night. You were S P S. complement Adv. of place Adv. of time Kamu sangat bahagia di pesta tadi malam. Were you very happy in the party last night ? You were not very happy in the party last night. He was at home just now. S P Adv. of place Adv. of time Dia berada di rumah baru saja Was he at home just now ? He was not at home just now

(?) (-) 3. ( + )

(?) (-)

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4. ( + )

(?) (-) 5. ( + )

Bobi S Bobi Was Bobi

was the player of the circus. P O Adv. adalah pemain sirkus. Bobi the player of the circus ? was not the player of the circus.

(?) (-) 6. ( + )

She was very beautiful in my class. S P S.complement Adv. of place Dia sangat cantik di kelas saya. Was she very beautiful in my class ? She was not very beautiful in my class. tired yesterday. My mother was S P S.coplement Adv. of time Ibu saya tampak lelah kemarin. Was my mother tired yesterday ? My mother was not tired yesterday. The cat was happy on the roof. S P S. complement Adv. of place Kucing itu berbahagia di atap. Was the cat happy on the roof ? The cat was not happy on the roof. The building was the highest one in my town. S P S. complement Adv. of place Bangunan itu yang paling tinggi di kota saya. Was the building the highest one in my town ? The building was not the highest one in my town. We were in the bus station. S P Adv. of place Kami di stasiun bis. Were we in the bus station ? We were not in the bus station. You and I S Kamu dan Were you You and I were thirsty P S. complement saya haus. and I thirsty ? were not thristy.

(?) (-) 7. ( + )

(?) (-) 8. ( + )

(?) (-) 9. ( + )

(?) (-) 10. ( + )

(?) (-)

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11. ( + )

(?) (-) 12. ( + )

They were in the party last night. S P Adv. of place Adv. of time Mereka di pesta tadi malam. Were they in the party last night ? They were not in the party last night. The Chidreen were at the swimming pool. S P Adv. of place Anak-anak berada di kolam renang. Were the childreen at the swimming pool ? The childreen were not the swimming pool.

(?) (-)

SIMPLE PAST TENSE (yg menyatakan Aktifitas)

1. Menyatakan Aktifitas pada masa lampau. 2. Susunan kalimat : (+) S + V2+ O + Adverb (?) Did + S + V1 + O + Adverb + ? (- ) S + did + not + V1 + O + Adverb 3. I you He She It We They

V2

4. Keterangan Waktu - Just now = - This morning = - Yesterday = - Last . . . . = - . . . . ago =

baru saja pagi tadi kemarin yang lalu yang lalu

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Contoh : 1. ( + ) I studied English last night. S P O Adv. of time Saya belajar Bahasa Inggris tadi malam. Did I study English last night ? I did not study English last night. You came to the hospital yesterday. S P Adv. of place Adv. of time Kamu datang ke rumah sakit kemarin. Did you come to the hospital yesterday ? You did not come to the hospital yesterday. He cleaned the motorcycle just now. S P O Adv. of time Ia membersihkan sepeda motor baru saja. Did He clean the motorcycle just now ? He did not clean the motorcycle just now. My Little brother played the ball happily. S P O Adv. Adik laki-laki bermain bola dengan senang. Did my little brother play the ball happily ? My little brother did not play the ball happily. She washed the dress yesterday. S P O Adv. of time Dia mencuci baju kemarin. Did she wash the dress yesterday ? She did not wash the dress yesterday. My mother fried the rice this morning. S P O Adv. of time Ibuku menggoreng nasi tadi pagi. Did my mothr fry the rice this morning ? My mother did not fry the rice this morning. He ate the cake just now. S P O Adv. of time Dia makan kue baru saja. Did he eat the cake just now ? He did not eat the cake jut now.

(?) (- ) 2. ( + )

(?) (- ) 3. ( + )

(?) (- ) 4. ( + )

(?) (- ) 5. ( + )

(?) (- ) 6. ( + )

(?) (- ) 7. ( + )

(?) (- )

01021981 Mrs. Budiyanti Page 12

8. ( + )

(?) (- ) 9. ( + )

My teacher wrote his name in the board. S P O Adv. of place Guru saya menulis namanya di papan. Did my teacher write his name in the board. My teacher did not write this name in the board. We joined the lesson in the class room. S P O Adv. of place Kami bergabung dalam pelajaran itu di kelas. Did we join the lesson in the class room ? We did not join the lesson in the class room.

(?) (- )

10. ( + ) You and I stood in front of the class. S P O Adv. of place Kamu dan saya berdiri di depan kelas. ( ? ) Did You and I stand in front of the class. ( - ) You and I did not stand in front of the class. 11. ( + ) They climbed the tree happily. S P O Adv. Mereka memanjat pohon itu dengan senang. ( ? ) Did they climb the tree happily ? ( - ) They did not climb the tree happily. 12. ( + ) The monkeys walked in the jungles. S P Adv. of place Monyet-monyet itu berjalan-jalan di hutan. ( ? ) Did the monkeys walked in the jungles ? ( - ) The monkeys did not walk in the jungles.

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INFINITIVE WITH TO
Kata kerja INFINITIVE WITH TO dipakai dalam kalimat yang ada 2 buah kata kerja yang didepan menunjukkan maksud / keinginan sedangkan kata kerja yang dibelakang adalah kata kerja INFINITIVE WITH TO

1. I agree to see the film together.

2. Father allows me to practice swimming.

3. My teacher permits me not to go to school.

4. We begin to do the test at eight o clock.

5. My mother commands to wash the dress.

6. I decide to continue to SMU one.

7. You desire to wear the necklace.

8. All the students expect to pass the examination.

9. I like to eat gado-gado.

10. My teacher orders to make the study club.

11. My father promised to buy a bike for me.

12. We start to play football at 7.30.

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13. They want to go to solo.

14. I wish father to give me some many.

15. The manager refuse to come to the meeting. 16. He proposes to coninue his sutdy in undip.

17. He determine to buy a his house.

18. He hesitates to stay in his nes house.

19. All the students hope to pass the exam.

20. I remember to return your pencil.

21. The students forget to do the homework.

22. I try to ride my motorcycle.

23. I negnet not to join your study club.

24. We intend to practice football.

25. They mean to come to see the competition.

26. Mother advises me not to go out at night.

27. My father urges me to learn the piano.

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28. The man warn the boys not to play the fine.

29. My headmaster invite me to come to his birthday party.

30. I request my mother to join the picnic next month.

31. Mrs. X teaches the students to dance.

32. My teacher reminds him not to be naughty

FUTURE TENSE TO BE GOING TO ( Menyatakan kondisi )

1. Menyatakan kondisi pada waktu yang akan datang. 2. Susunan Kalimat : ( + ) S + to be ( is,am,are ) + going to + be1 + C + A ( ? ) To be + S + going to + be1 + C + A + ? ( - ) S + to be + not + going to + be1 + C + A 3. I He, She, It You, We, They am is are

4. Keterangan waktu : - This afternoon

: Sore ini

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Tonight Tomorrow Next (week, month, year) Soon

: Malam ini : Besok : Segera

Contoh Kalimat : 1. ( + ) I am going to be happy toninght. Saya akan senang nanti malam. ( ? ) Am I gong to be happy tonight ? ( - ) I am not gong to be happy tonight. 2. ( + ) You are going to be in Jakarta tomorrow. Kamu akan ke Jakarta besok. ( ? ) Are you going to be in Jakarta tomorrow ? ( - ) You are not going to be in Jakarta tomorrow. 3. ( + ) He is going to be healty soon. Dia akan segera sembuh. ( ? ) Is he going to be healty soon ? ( - ) He is not going to be healty soon. 4. ( + ) Ahmad is going to be fat. Ahmad akan gemuk. ( ? ) Is Ahmad going to be fat ? ( - ) Ahmad is not going to be fat. 5. ( + ) She is going to be sad to hear the daughters failure. Ia akan sedih mendengarkan kegagalan putrinya. ( ? ) Is she going to be sad to hear the daughter failure. ( - ) She is not going to be sad to hear the daughter failure. 6. ( + ) Mother is going to be cheerful to get the present. Ibu akan ceria jika memperoleh hadiah. ( ? ) Is mother going to be cheerful to get the present ? ( - ) Mother is not going to be cheerful to get the present. 7. ( + ) The dog is going to be dead. Anjing itu akan mati. ( ? ) Is the dog going to be dead ? ( - ) The dog is not going to be dead.

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8. ( + ) We are going to be success in the next test. Kami akan sukses dalam tet selanjutnya. ( ? ) Are we going to be success in the next test ? ( - ) We are not going to be success in the next test. 9. ( + ) They are going to be rich next year. Mereka akan menjadi kaya tahun depan. ( ? ) Are they going to be rich next year ? ( - ) They are not going to be rich next year.

FURURE TENSE TO BE GOING TO (Menyatakan Aktifitas)

1. Menyatakan akan aktifitas yang akan datang. 2. Susunan Kalimatnya : ( + ) S + to be (is, am, are) + going to + V1 +O +A ( ? ) To be + S + going to + V1 + O + A + ? ( - ) S + to be + not + going to + V1 + O + A 3. I He, She, It You, We, They am is are

4. Keterangan waktu : - This afternoon - Tonight - Tomorrow - Next (week, month, year) 5. To be going to artinya akan.

: Sore ini : Malam ini : Besok

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Contoh Kalimat : 1. ( + ) I am going to go to school soon. Saya akan segera pergi ke sekolah. ( ? ) Am I going to go to shool soon ? ( - ) I am not going to go to school soon. 2. ( + ) You are going to play tennis this afternoon. Kamu akan bermain tennis sore ini. ( ? ) Am I going to play tennis this afternoon ? ( - ) You are not going to play tennis this afternoon. 3. ( + ) He is going to buy a car next year. Ia akan membeli mobil tahun depan, ( ? ) Is he going to buy a car next year ? ( - ) He is not going to buy a car next year. 4. ( + ) Ali is going to cook indomie to night. Ali akan memasak indomie nanti malam. ( ? ) Is Ali going to cook indomie to night ? ( - ) Ali is not going to ook indomie toninght. 5. ( + ) She is going to take a bath soon. Dia akan segera mandi. ( ? ) Is she going to take a bath soon ? ( - ) She is not going to take a bath soon. 6. ( + ) Anita is going to practice dancing. Anita akan latihan menari. ( ? ) Is Anita going to practice dancing ? ( - ) Anita is not going to practice dancing. 7. ( + ) The rabbit is going to run. Kelinci itu akan lari. ( ? ) Is the rabbit going to run ? ( - ) The rabbit is not going to run. 8. ( + ) The beautiful bird is going to join the contest. Burung cantik itu akan bergabung pada kontes. ( ? ) Is the beautiful bird going to join the contest ? ( - ) The beautiful bird is not going to join the contest.

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9. ( + ) We are going to celebrate the birthday party. Kami akan merayakan pesta ulang tahun. ( ? ) Are we going to celebrate the birthday party ? ( - ) We are not going to celebrate the birthday party. 10. ( + ) You and I are going to have lunch. Kamu dan Saya akan makan siang. ( ? ) Are You and I going to have lunch ? ( - ) You and I are not going to have lunch. 11. ( + ) They are going to do the examination. Mereka akan mengerjakan ujian. ( ? ) Are they going to do the examinition ? ( - ) They are not going to do the examinition. 12. ( + ) The children are going to play in the beach. Anak-anak akan bermain di pantai. ( ? ) Are the children going to play in the beach ? ( - ) The children are not going to play in the beach.

MODAL AUXILIARIES (kata bantu pengandaian)

1. - can - may - must - have to - shall - will - could - might - had to - should - would

= can not/ can t = may not = must not/ mosn t = have not to/ haven t to = shall not/ shan t = will not/ won t = could not/ couldn t = might not = had not to = should not = would not

2. Cara Menggunakanya : - Modal auxiliares selalu diikuti kata kerja infinitive with out to.

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- Semua bentuk subjek dapat menggunakan modal auxiliares. - Jika kalimatnya berbentuk positive/negative maka modal auxiliares letaknya di belakang subjek. - Jika kalimatnya berbentuk kalimat tanya, maka modal auxiliares terletak di depan subjek. 3. Pengertian masing-masing modal auxiliares : 1. Can * menyatakan permintaan ijin (bolehkah/boleh) *can/could sebagai permintaan ijin ini juga sering diganti dengan to be allowed to (to be : is, am, are, was, were) Contoh : 1. He can sit here 2. You can borrow his pen

= He is allowed to sit here = You are allowed to borrow his pen 3. I can see the film = I am allowed to see the film 4. I could borrow your car = I was allowed to borrow your car 5. The boys could play here = The boys were allowed to play here 6. The childrencould not play in the rain = The children were not allowed to play in the rain 7. You can see the film at Saturday night = You are allowed to see the film at Saturday night 8. He can borrow her pen = He is allowed to borrow His pen

* Perlu diingat Can sering diganti dengan May *

Contoh : - He can sit here - I can borrow your pen - You can stay here

= He may sit here = I may borrow your pen = You may stay here

Can . 1. Artinya dapat/mampu

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2. Can/Could yang artinya dapat/mampu sering diganti dengan to be able to (to be : is, am, are, was, were) Contoh : - I can do this test = I am able to do this test - You can write well = You are able to write well - She can make a dress = She is able to make a dress - I could finish this test = I was able to finish this test - You could sing well = She was able to sing well - She could make a cake = She was able to make a cake * Can sebagai permintaan ijin sering diganti dengan may (may = bolehkah/lebih halus)

2. May * Merupakan permintaan/pemberian ijin May lebih halus daripada can Contoh : He may sit here I may borrow your pen * Menyatakan kemungkinan bercampur keraguaan Contoh : That report may be true My Favorite singer may come to this party * Menyatakan penghargaan Contoh : May bod bless you - May yang merupakan ijin bentuk lampaunya might (dalam kalimat tidak langsung) Contoh : He told me I might come back Ia berkata kepadaku saya boleh pulang * May yang merupakan ijin dalam kalimat langsung dipakai bentuk to be allowed to

3. Must - Menyatakan keharusan/perintah/perlu

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Contoh : You must see him tomorrow. You must study hard. You must come on time. He must pay the bill. - Must... keharusan yang datang dari orang lain - Have to/has to = harus... keharusan yang datang dari diri sendiri - Bentuk lampau dari must/have to/has to adalah had to Contoh : - I have to finish my home work (Sekarang) - I had to finish my home work (Masa Lampau) - We have to buy these uniform (Sekarang) - We had to buy these unifrom (Masa Lampau) - Must >< need not

4. Shall * Artinya akan (dalam kalimat Future Tense) Contoh : I shall come to your house I shall meet him at the party *Shall bentuk lampaunya should merupakan suatu keharusan/kewajiban Contoh : You should be careful We should come earlier We should come other people 5. Will * Artinya akan (dalam kalimat Future Tense) Contoh : I will study to gether in the library He will come to my house this afternoon She will write a letter to her father You will buy that car * Will (dalam kalimat tanya merupakan permintaan) Contoh : Will you come to my house ? Will you lend me your book ? * Would lebih halus daripada will Contoh : Would you come to my house ? Would you lend me your book ?

COMMAD AND REQUEST

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Ada beberapa cara untuk menyuruh/melarang seseorang untuk melakukan/tidak melakukan suatu perbuatan. Maksud dari berbagi perintah itu sama, tetapi cara yang dipakai bermaam-macam. Ada yang merupakan perintah ada yang merupakan perintah halus/permintaan. Di dalam mempelajari command and Request perlu diingat bahwa : 1. Jika kalimat perintah itu menyuruh seseorang untuk melakukan suatu perbuatan/pekerjaan, maka kalimat perintah itu menggunakan kata kerja infinitive with out to/kata kerja bentuk I, kecuali jika kalimat perintah itu menggunakan mind/mind out maka kalimat perintah itu menggunakan kata kerja bentuk ING. to be (is, am, are) Was, were been being 2. Jika kalimat perintah itu tidak menyuruh seseorang untuk melakukan pekerjaan, maka kalimat perintah itu menggunakan verb be atau to be bentuk I, yaitu BE . 3. Untuk mnyatakan tidak/larangan digunakan do not/don t. 4. Untuk memperhalus perintah/larangan digunakan kata-kata berikut : - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . please ! please . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ! - will you . . . . . . . . . . . . . , please ! - would you . . . . . . . . . . . , please ! - would you mind . . . . . . , please ! Contoh contoh kalimat perintah/larangan untuk pekerjaan/perbuatan : - Open your book ! - Don t open your book ! - Open your book, please ! - Don t open your book, please ! - Please, open your book ! - Please, don t open your book ! - Will you open your book, please ! - Will not/won t you open your book, please ! melakukan suatu

* Won t merupakan larangan seperti pada don t, tetapi maksudnya perintah halus. - Would you open your book, please ! - Wouldn t you open your book, please ! (perintah halus)
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- Would you mind opening your book, please ! - Wouldn t you mind opening your book, please ! (weak) - Would you mind not opening your book, please ! (strong) Bacalah kalimat-kalimat perintah berikut ! - Smoke here ! - Come here on time ! - Bring me a glass of water ! - Clean the board ! - Hang the picture ! - Mail this letter now ! - Move this table over there ! - Empty the bottle ! - Sit down ! - Beat the egg ! - Speak slowy ! - Pay the bill in cash ! - Close the window ! - Turn of the light ! Contoh-contoh pembicara. kalimat - Wait a minute ! - Lock the gate ! - make the bed ! - Help me with my home work ! - Write your name ! - Put those books on the table ! - Wake up the child ! - Wrap the present ! - Tie up the package ! - Listen to the teacher ! - Bend the wire ! - Sweep the floor ! - Turn on the light ! - Pick up this flower ! yang mengikutsertakan si

permintaan/larangan

- Let us (Let s) sing a song ! - Let us (Let s) go to the movie ! - Let us (Let s) do our homework ! - Let s not sing a song ! - Let s not go to the movie ! - Let s not waste the time ! Contoh-contoh kalimat permintaan/larangan yang tidak menggunakan kata kerja. Selalu menggunakan to be bentuk I/Be. - Be here on time ! - Don t be here on time ! (it s not good idea) - Be here on time, please ! - Don t be here on time, please ! - Please be here on time ! - Please, don t be here on time ! - Will you be here on time, please ! - Won t you be here on time, please ! (perintah halus) Adjective dan adverb yang sering dipakai dalam Comand Request and Negative Command.
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- Angry - Quiet - Careful - Lazy - Patient - On time - Sad - Naughty

= marah = tenang = hati-hati = malas = sabar = tepat waktu = sedih = nakal

- Late - Slowy - Noisy - Afraid - Ready - Here - Happy - There

= terlambat = perlahan-lahan = gaduh = takut = siap = di/kesini = bahagia = di/kesana

Positive request dan Negative request yang memakai IN DEFENTIVE ARTICLE SOME/ANY - Pick some flowers ! - Write something on your book ! - Give her some money ! - Go some where ! - Don t - Don t - Don t - Don t pick any flowers write any thing on your book give her any money go any where

Jawaban yang dipakai untuk menjawab request : - Would you like some coffe (engkau suka minum kopi sekarang) - Yes, please. - No, thank you. - Do you like coffe (Engkau/biasanya/suka kopi) - Yes, i do - No, i don t - Would you tell me your name, please ? - Would you play chess with me, please ? - Yes, I d (would) be glad to.

NOTE : - Kata please boleh diletakkan akhir kalimat/permulaan kalimat. Dengan memakai kata please akan menjadikan kalimat itu lebih sopan.

- Not dipakai dalam Negative Request apabila bentuk positive request sebagai berikut : - Let us - Lets not . . . . - Would you mind - Would you mind not . . .

Past Continous Tense

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(menyatakan aktivitas)
I.Digunakan untuk menyatakan aktivitas yang sedang terjadi pada waktu lampau Susunan kalimatnya : Subyek + was/were + Ing Form + Adverb I, He, She, It Was You, We, They Were Contoh : 1. I was waiting for my friend at the time. Saya sedang menunggu teman saya pada waktu itu. 2. You were making a kite at home . Kamu sedang membuat layan-layang di rumah. 3. The doctor was examining the patient in his room. Dokter itu memeriksa pasien di ruangannya. 4. Mother was cooking fried chicken in the kitchen. Ibu sedang memasak ayam goreng di dapur. 5. The Snake was pouncing the small chick in the field. Ular itu sedang menerkam anak ayam di sawah. 6. We were studying at the library. Kami sedang belajar di perpustakaan. 7. The Students 8.7 were playing tonis at yard. Murid 8.7 sedang bermain tonis di lapangan. II. Digunakan untuk menyatakan aktivitas yang sedang berlangsung pada waktu lampau dan ada peristiwa lain yang terjadi. Disini ada dua peristiwa yang pertama waktu pelaksanaanya lebih panjang sedangkan peristiwa kedua waktu pelaksanaanya lebih pendek. Peristiwa yang pelaksanaanya membutuhkan waktu lebih panjang menggunakan bentuk was/ were + ing.
Sedangkan peristiwa yang pelaksanaanya membutuhkan waktu lebih pendek menggunakan bentuk Past Tense(Verb 2) .

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Contoh :

1. I was studying English when my friend knocked the door.

Saya sedang belajar Bahasa Inggris ketika teman saya mengetuk pintu.

2. You were making fried rice when your father came. Kamu sedang membuat nasi goreng ketika ayahmy datang. 3. My father was reading news paper when the lamp turn off. Ayah saya sedang membaca koran ketika lampunya mati. 4. My mother was sewing her dress when I woke up. Ibuku sedang menjahit bajunya ketika saya bangun. 5. The baby ( It ) was crying when her mother left home. Bayi itu sedang menangis ketika ibu meninggalkan rumah. 6. We were playing tonis when the rain fell. Kami sedang bermain tonis ketika hujan turun. 7. You and I were typing the structure when Anita knocked the door.
Kamu dan saya sedang mengetik struktur ketika Anita mengetuk pintu.

8. The students were cleaning the classroom when the teacher came in. Murid-murid sedang membersihkan kelas ketika guru masuk.

III. Digunakan untuk menyatakan dua aktivitas yang berlangsung pada waktu lampau dan pelaksanaanya membutuhkan waktu yang sama panjang .

Contoh : 1. I was studying while you were watching tv. Saya sedang belajar ketika kamu sedang menonton tv. 2. You were doing the homework while he was playing game. Kamu sedang mengerjakan PR ketika dia sedang bermain game. 3. Father was washing the car while mother was cooking. Ayah sedang Mencuci mobil ketika ibu sedang memasak. 4. Mother was sleeping while my little brother was playing. Ibu sedang tidur ketika adik saya sedang bermain. 5. The elephant was eating while we were watching it. Gajah sedang makan ketika kami sedang melihatnya. 6. We were studying Math while the were stduying English. Kami sedang belajar Mat. ketika mereka sedang belajar Bahasa Inggris.

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7. Some students was singing while the otdhes whore dancing. Beberapa murid sedang menyanyi ketika yang lainya sedang menari.

QUESTION-TAGS
Sebenarnya ada semacam question-tags dalam bahasa indonesia yaitu kata bukan dalam kalimat : * Tuti cantik, bukan ? * Dia sakit, bukan ? Cara membuat question-tags : 1. Bentuk question-tags adalah : auxiliary + pronouns. 2. Jika pertanyaan (statements)-nya positif, question-tags negatif. 3. Jika pertanyaan negatif, question-tags positif. 4. Auxiliary verbs (kata kerja bantu) yang terdapat dalam pernyataan, digunakan dalam question-tags. 5. Jika dalam pernyataan tidak terdapat auxiliary verbs, dalam question-tags digunakan : do atau does untuk Simple Present Tense did untuk Simple Past Tense 6. Subject question-tags harus berupa kata ganti (Pronouns). Contoh-contoh question-tags yang pernyataanya positif (Positive Statements) dan pernyataanya negatif (Negative Statements) : 1. I am a teacher, aren t I ? I am not a teacher, am I ? 2. You are diligent, aren t you ? You are not diligent, are you ? 3. He is a doctor, isn t he ? He is not a doctor, is he ? 4. She is a nurse, isn t she ? She is not a nurse, is she ? 5. The Cow is fat, isn t it ? The Cow is not fat, isn t it ? 6. They are very happy, aren t they ? They are not very happy, aren t they ? 7. We are very sad, aren t we ? We are not very sad, aren t we ? 8. There is a mango in the refrigerator, isn t there ? There is not the mango in the refrigerator, isn t there ?

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9. I was very lazy last night, wasn t I ? I was not very lazy night, wasn t I ? 10. You were not so rich last year, weren t you ? You were so rich last year, weren t you ? 11. I have written my name in this paper, haven t I ? I have not washed my dress yet, have I ? 12. You have taken a bath, haven t you ? You have not taken a bath, have you ? 13. The Elephant has got coconut, hasn t it ? The Elephant has not got an orange, has it ? 14. I can finish my math exercices, can t I ? You can not finish my history exercises, can You ? 15. He may borrow my pencil, mayn t he ? Nina may not to copy her friends home work, may she ? 16. We must study English every night, must n we ? We must not play truant, must we ? 17. They shall play tonis in the school court, shalln t they ? They shall not play badminton in the yard, shall they ? 18. We will study Biology in your house tonight, won t we ? We will not see the film tonight, will we ? 19. I buy some meet in the supermarket, don t I ? I do not make my dress, do I ? 20. Marlina makes a cakes for me, doesn t she ? Boby does not ride a bicycle to school, does he ? 21. My mother gave me money this morning, did she ? My father accompanied me to school, did he ? Catatan : Jika pernyataan mengandung I am, kita menggunakan question-tags aren t I. Jadi tidak am not I : Contoh : 1) I am a student, aren t I ? = Saya seorang murid, bukan ? 2) I am not reading, am I ? = Saya tidak sedang membaca bukan ?

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