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 POWER PLANT ENGINEERING

Department: MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

Batch/ Year: 2018 – 2022 / IV

Created by: Mr. Muralidharan K

Date: 19.08.2021
 1. Table of Contents

S.NO CONTENTS PAGE

NUMBER
1 Contents 5
2 Course Objectives 6
3 Pre Requisites (Course Names with Code) 7
4 Syllabus (With Subject Code, Name, LTPC details) 8
5 Course outcomes (6) 10
6 CO- PO/PSO Mapping 11
7 Lecture Plan (S.No, Topic, No. of Periods, Proposed date, 12
Actual Lecture Date, pertaining CO, Taxonomy level, Mode of
Delivery)
8 Activity based learning 13
9 Lecture Notes ( with Links to Videos, e-book reference, PPTs, 19
Quiz and any other learning materials )
10 Assignments ( For higher level learning and Evaluation - 56
Examples: Case study, Comprehensive design, etc.,)
11 Part A Q & A (with K level and CO) 57
12 Part B Qs (with K level and CO) 61
13 Supportive online Certification courses (NPTEL, Swayam, 63
Coursera, Udemy, etc.,)
14 Real time Applications in day to day life and to Industry 64
15 Contents beyond the Syllabus ( COE related Value added 65
courses)
16 Assessment Schedule ( Proposed Date & Actual Date) 67
17 Prescribed Text Books & Reference Books 68
18 Mini Project Suggestions 69
 2. COURSE OBJECTIVE

Providing an Overview of Power Plants and detailing the role of Mechanical

Engineers in their Operation and Maintenance.
To understand the various components, operations and applications of different
types of power plants .
 3. PRE – REQUISITECHART

ME 8792 – POWER PLANT ENGINEERING

(VII SEM)

HEAT AND MASS

TRANSFER THERMAL ENGINEERING II
(ME8595)
(ME 8693)
(V Sem)
(VI Sem)

ENGINEERING
THERMAL ENGINEERING I
THERMODYNAMICS (ME
(ME8493)
8391)
(IV Sem)
(III Sem)
4. ME 8792 POWER PLANT ENGINEERING SYLLABUS

POWER PLANT ENGINEERING LTPC 3003

UNIT I COAL BASED THERMAL POWER PLANTS 9

Rankine cycle – improvisations, Layout of modern coal power plant, Super Critical
Boilers, FBC Boilers, Turbines, Condensers, Steam & Heat rate, Subsystems of
thermal power plants – Fuel and ash handling, Draught system, Feed water
treatment. Binary Cycles and Cogeneration systems
.
UNIT IIDIESEL, GAS TURBINE AND COMBINED CYCLE POWER
PLANTS 9
Otto, Diesel, Dual & Brayton Cycle – Analysis & Optimisation. Components of
Diesel and Gas Turbine power plants. Combined Cycle Power Plants. Integrated
Gasifier based Combined Cycle systems.

UNIT III NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS 9

Basics of Nuclear Engineering, Layout and subsystems of Nuclear Power Plants,
Working of Nuclear Reactors : Boiling Water Reactor (BWR), Pressurized Water
Reactor (PWR), CANada Deuterium-Uranium reactor (CANDU), Breeder, Gas
Cooled and Liquid Metal Cooled Reactors. Safety measures for Nuclear Power
plants.
UNIT IV POWER FROM RENEWABLE ENERGY 9

Hydro Electric Power Plants – Classification, Typical Layout and associated

components including Turbines. Principle, Construction and working of Wind,
Tidal, Solar Photo Voltaic (SPV), Solar Thermal, Geo Thermal, Biogas and Fuel Cell
power systems

UNIT V ENERGY, ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES

OF POWER PLANTS 9
Power tariff types, Load distribution parameters, load curve, Comparison of site
selection criteria, relative merits & demerits, Capital & Operating Cost of different
power plants. Pollution control technologies including Waste Disposal Options for
Coal and Nuclear Power Plants.
 4. ME 8792 POWER PLANT ENGINEERING SYLLABUS

TEXT BOOK:(T)
1. Nag. P.K., "Power Plant Engineering", Third Edition, Tata McGraw – Hill
Publishing Company, Ltd., 2008.

REFERENCES:(R)
1. El-Wakil. M.M., "Power Plant Technology", Tata McGraw – Hill Publishing
Company Ltd., 2010.
2. Godfrey Boyle, "Renewable energy", Open University, Oxford University Press
in Association with the Open University, 2004.
3. Thomas C. Elliott, Kao Chen and Robert C. Swanekamp, "Power Plant
Engineering", Second Edition, Standard Handbook of McGraw – Hill, 1998.
 5. Course Outcomes

Highest
CO No. Course Outcomes Cognitive
Level

C401.1 Discuss the layout of thermal power plant

and working principle of various types of K2
boilers.
C401.2 Explain the working of diesel and gas turbine K2
power plant and analyzing various
components
C401.3 Discuss the various types of nuclear reactors K2
used in nuclear power plant
C401.4 Summarize the principles and working of K2
various renewable energy power plants.
C401.5 Explain the energy, economic and K2
environmental issues of power plants
C401.6 Paraphrase the different types of power K2
plant, its function and issues related to them
 6. CO- PO/PSO Mapping
Program
Program Outcomes Specific
Outcomes
K
Le 3,
Cours v K K K K K A A A A A
A3 A3
e Out el 3 4 5 5 5, 3 2 3 3 2
Come of K K K K
s C 6 4 4 4
O
P P
P P
P P P P P O O P PS PS PS
O O PO PO
O O O O O - - O- O- O- O-
- - -8 -9
-3 -4 -5 -6 -7 1 1 12 1 2 3
1 2
0 1
C401. K
2
1 2
C401. K
2 2 1
2
C401. K
3 2
2
C401. K
4 2
2
C401. K
5 2 1 3
2
C401. K
6 2 1
2
C401
2 1 3
 7. Lecture Plan (S.No, Topic, No. of Periods, Proposed date,
Actual Lecture Date, pertaining CO, Taxonomy level, Mode
of Delivery)

UNIT – II DIESEL, GAS TURBINE AND COMBINED CYCLE POWER

PLANTS
Hig
LU Outcomes
hes
Mo Deli
Pert t
de ver
Proposed Actual aini Co Re
of y
S. No. Lecture Topic Lecture ng gni Students mar
Deli Res
Date Date CO tiv should able ks
ver our
(s) e to
y ces
Lev
el
Otto cycle ,
Summarize the
Diesel Cycle Performance of
1
07.09.2021 CO2 MD1 T1
,Dual Cycle – K2 Otto, Diesel,
Analysis Dual cycle

Otto, Diesel
Explain the
09.09.2021 Cycle, Dual– optimization of
2 CO2 K2 MD1 T1
Analysis – Otto, Diesel,
Dual cycle.
Optimization
Brayton Cycle Explain
14.09.2021 – Analysis & optimization of
3 CO2 K2 MD1 T1
the Brayton
Optimization
cycle

Components
Generalize
15.09.2021 of Diesel & Components of
4 CO2 K2 MD1 T1
Gas power Diesel & Gas
power plants
plants
Combined
Explain the
Cycle Power
Combined Cycle
plants,
Power plants,
16.09.2021 Integrated
5 CO2 K2 MD2 T1 Integrated
Gasifier based
Gasifier based
Combined
Combined Cycle
Cycle
systems
systems.
 8. Activity Based Learning

Powering Smallsburg Activity –

Powering Smallsburg Worksheet Example

Instructions
The village of Smallsburg needs power. Smallsburg has a mall, a school, a sports
stadium, and a hospital. Table 1 shows how much power each one needs.
Power Required
Community Facility
(in MW, mega watts)
Mall 20

School 1

Stadium 10

Hospital 15

Offices/businesses 4

Now that you know about the community of Smallsburg, complete the following
questions.
Questions
Based on Table 1, how much total power (MW) does the Smallsburg power plant
have to supply? 50 MW

You can pick combinations of the power plants in Table 2 to add up to the total
power needed in Question 1. Each power plant costs money, and some power
plants give off emissions (pollution) and some do not.

You have a total of $250 million dollars to spend.

 8. Activity Based Learning

Power Plant Power Provided Cost Emissions

Type (MW) (million $) Per/Year
10 40 None

Hydroelectric
25 100 None

5 None
50
Photovoltaic
25 None
250
10 None
60
Wind turbines
25 None
150
80,000 ton CO2, 200
10 20 ton SO2, 6 pounds
mercury
Coal
200,000 ton CO2,
25 50 500 ton SO2, 15
pounds mercury
80,000 ton CO2, 20
10 50 ton SO2, 0.6 pounds
mercury
Advanced Coal
200,000 ton CO2, 50
25 125 ton SO2, 1.5 pounds
mercury
 8. Activity Based Learning

Fill in the table below with your power plant choices to power the necessary
services listed in Table 1. (Note: You do not have to use all of the rows below.)

Power Cost
Power
Provided (million Emissions Per/Year
Plant Type
(MW) $)
200,000 tons CO2, 500
Coal 25 50 tons SO2, and 15
pounds mercury

2.5 tons of radioactive

Nuclear 25 100 waste

What is the total energy (power) production of your power plants?

50 MW (Note: add up column 2)

What is the total cost of your power plants?

$150 million dollars (Note: add up column 3)
Do your power plants give off emissions (pollution)? ____________

What might that pollution do to the community?

The CO2 (carbon dioxide) contributes to global warming. We are not sure about
all the negative impacts of global warming, but increased number and severity of
hurricanes is one example of a negative impact. Sulfur dioxide contributes to acid
rain, and mercury causes birth defects. The radioactive waste needs to be stored
somewhere safe for a long time. Otherwise, it causes cancers and other illnesses
in people.
 8. Activity Based Learning

How much money do you have left, after buying the power plants?
$100 million dollars

If you did not spend all the $250 million on power plants, what will
you buy with the money left over (see Table 3)?

$50 million is going to universities to research how to prevent

emissions from coal power plants and the other $50 million is
going to construct a safe place for the nuclear waste.

Improvement Cost (million $)

Repair streets and sidewalks 20

Fund universities to research cleaner 30

energy technologies
Double the number of teachers in all 20
the schools
Make food free for the community 100

Nobody works on Fridays 40

Build large central park 20

Help fund a free medical clinic 10

Give money back to taxpayers Remainder

 8. Activity Based Learning

Quiz

S.No Quiz Questions and Choices Answers

1 In a 2 stroke engine, the operation cycle are c. 2 strokes
completed in how many strokes and revolution. and 1
revolution.
a.4 strokes and 2 revolutions.
b. 2 stroke and 2 revolutions.
c. 2 strokes and 1 revolution.
d. 4 stroke and 4 revolutions.
2 The diesel plants are mainly used ________ d. Both peak
and stand by
a. As peak load plants. plants.
b. As base load plants.
c. As standby power plants.
d. Both peak and stand by plants.
3 What is the ranging capacity of the diesel plant? c. 75 – 3750
kW
a.50 – 750 kW
b. 100 – 1175 kW
c. 75 – 3750 kW
d. 150 – 4575 kW
4 Which among the following instruments are b. Muffler
provided on the exhaust line to reduce the
pressure?
a. Ducts.
b. Muffler
c. Strainers.
d. Purifiers.
5 The speed of the diesel engine may vary from d. 1000 –
a.0 – 100 rpm. 3000 rpm.
b.200 – 1000 rpm.
c. 500 -5000 rpm.
d.1000 – 3000 rpm
 8. Activity Based Learning

S.No Quiz Questions and Choices Answers

6 The major fields of application of gas turbine d. All of the

are above
a.Aviation
b.Oil and gas industry
c.Marine propulsion
d.All of the above

7 The following is (are) the limitation(s) of gas d. All of the

turbines. above
a.They are not self starting
b.Higher rotor speeds
c.Low efficiencies at part loads
d.All of the above

8 The ratio of heat actually released by 1kg of b.Combustion

fuel to heat that would be released by complete efficiency
perfect combustion, is called
a.Thermal efficiency
b.Combustion efficiency
c.Engine efficiency
d.Compression efficiency

9 Gas turbine is shut down by c. Fuel is cut off

a.Turning off starter from the
b.Stopping the compressor combustor
c.Fuel is cut off from the combustor
d.Any of the above
10 In the _____ heat transfer takes place between c. Regenerator
the exhaust gases and cool air.
a.Intercooler
b.Re-heater
c.Regenerator
d.Compressor
 9. LECTURE NOTES
DIESEL , GAS TURBINE AND COMBINED CYCLE POWER
PLANTS

DIESEL ENGINE POWER PLANT

BASIC TYPE OF IC ENGINE
FUNCTION

(a) FOUR STROKE

(b) TWO STROKE

 Diesel engine

The two stroke cycle engine is more favored for diesel power plant.
The air required for the diesel engine is drown through the air filter from the
atmosphere and compressed inside the cylinder.
The fuel from the diesel engine is drawn through a filter from the all day tank and
injected into the cylinder through fuel injectors.
Because of the high temperature and pressure of the compressed air, the fuel burns
and the burnt gases expand to do work on the moving part inside the cylinder called
piston.
This movement of the piston rotates a flywheel and the engine is directly coupled to
electric generator.
The gases after expansion inside the cylinder is exhausted into the atmosphere and
passes through a silencer in order to reduce the noise.

INTRODUCTION
Diesel power plants produce power in the range of 2 to 50MW.
They are used as standby sets for continuity of supply such as hospitals , telephone
exchanges , radio station , cinema theatres and industries (peak load).
They are suitable for mobile power generation and widely used in railways and ships.
GENERAL LAYOUT
Simple Diesel Power Plant layout
DIESEL POWER PLANT LAYOUT
Diesel plant equipment

Air intake system

Fuel supply system
Exhaust system
Cooling system
Lubricating system
Starting system
Air intake system

The air required for the

combustion of fuel inside the
diesel engine cylinder is drawn
through the air filter. The
purpose of the filter is to
remove dust from the incoming
air.
dry filter- may be made of felt ,
wood or cloth.
wet filter- oil bath is used.
 Fuel supply system

Fuel from the storage tank is

pumped through a filter into a
smaller tank called all day tank
. this tank supplies the daily
requirements of the diesel
engine.

Exhaust system

The exhaust gases coming out of the engine is very noisy. In order to reduce the
noise a silencer is used
Exhaust system
 Cooling system

The temperature of the burning fuel inside the engine cylinder is 1500°C to
2000°C. In order to lower this temperature water is circulated around the
engine.
The hot water leaving the jacket is passed through the heat exchanger.
The heat from the heat exchanger is carried away by the raw water
circulated through the heat exchanger and is cooled in the cooling tower
Lubricating system

This circuit includes lubricating oil tank , oil pump and oil cooler.
The purpose of the lubrication system is to reduce the wear of the engine
moving parts .part of the cylinder such as piston , shafts , valves must be
lubricated.
Lubrication also helps to cool the engine.

Starting system
Diesel engine used in diesel power plant is not self starting . The engine is
started from cold condition with the help of an air compressor
Starting system

Schematic diesel
engine power plant
ADVANTAGE OF DIESEL POWER PLANT
1. Very simple design also simple installation and occupies less space.
2. Limited cooling water requirement.
3. Diesel power plant are more efficient than steam power in the range of
50MW capacity.
4. Quickly started and put on load.
5.It can respond to varying loads without any difficulty.
6. Smaller storage is needed for the fuel.
7. Layout of power plant is quite simple.
8. There is no problem of ash handling.
9. Less supervision required.
DISADVANTAGE OF DIESEL POWER PLANT
1. High Maintenance ,lubrication cost and operating cost.
2. Fuel cost is more, since in India diesel is costly.
3. The plant cost per kW is comparatively more.
4. The life of diesel power plant is small due to high maintenance.
5. Noise is a serious problem in diesel power plant.
6. Diesel power plant cannot be constructed for large scale.
Gas Turbine Power Plant
GAS TURBINE POWER PLANT
 BRAYTON CYCLE

1-2 Adiabatic process – compression

2-3 Isobaric process – heat addition

3-4 Adiabatic process – expansion

4-1 Isobaric process – heat rejection

Gas Turbine Power Plant
The Intercooling, Reheat, Regenerative Gas-turbine Cycle
Gas Turbine Power Plant
 Gas Turbine Power Plant

Gas turbine plant is defined as “ in which the principle of the prime mover is of
the turbine type and the working medium is a permanent gas”.
Simple gas turbine plant consists of
Turbine
Compressor
Combustor
Auxiliary devices like starting device, lubricating pump, fuel pump, oil system and
duct system. rotary, multistage type.

The working fluid is compressed in a compressor which is generally

Heat is added to the compressed fluid in the combustion chamber .
This high energy fluid at high temperature and pressure then expands in the
turbine thereby generating power.
Part of the energy generated is consumed in driving the compressor and
accessories and the rest is utilized in electrical energy.
Disadvantages of Gas Turbine Power Plants over Diesel
Plants

Wide operating speeds the fuel control is difficult

Needs to have speed reduction devices for higher operating speeds of
turbine.
Difficult to start a gas turbine compared to diesel engine.
Manufacturing of blades is difficult and costly
Same output gas turbines produces the five times the exhaust gases than IC
engines.
Combined Power Generation
 Combined Power Generation

The Combined Cycle Power Plant or combined cycle gas turbine, a gas
turbine generator generates electricity and waste heat is used to make steam
to generate additional electricity via a steam turbine.

A Combined Cycle Power Plant produces high power outputs at high efficiencies
(up to 55%) and with low emissions. In a Conventional power plant we are
getting 33% electricity only and remaining 67% as waste.

By using combined cycle power plant we are getting 68% electricity.

How a Combined-Cycle Power Plant Produces
Electricity

Gas turbine
The fast-spinning turbine drives a generator that converts a portion of the spinning
energy into electricity.
Heat recovery system captures exhaust
The HRSG (Heat Recovery Steam Generator) creates steam from the gas turbine
exhaust heat and delivers it to the steam turbine.
Steam turbine delivers additional electricity
The steam turbine sends its energy to the generator drive shaft, where it is converted
into additional electricity.
Advantages of Combined Power Generation
The efficiency of the combined cycle plant is better or higher than the turbine cycle
or steam cycle plant. The efficiency of combined cycle power plant will be of the
order of about 45 to 50%.
 Advantages of Combined Power
Generation

Fewer moving parts and less vibration than a

reciprocating engine
Very low toxic emissions
Runs on a wide variety of fuels
High operating speeds

Disadvantages of Combined Power Generation

Higher cost
Longer start-up
Less responsive to power demands
Shrill whining noise.
Integrated Gasifier Combined Cycle Power Generation
Integrated Gasifier Combined Cycle Power Generation
Integrated Gasifier Combined Cycle Power Generation
Integrated Gasifier Combined Cycle Power Generation

Gasification of coal is the cleanest way of utilisation of coal while combined

cycle power generation gives the highest efficiency.
Integration of these two technologies in IGCC power generation offers the
benefits of very low emissions and efficiencies of the order of 44 – 48%.
IGCC system uses a combined cycle format with a gas turbine driven by the
combusted syngas from the gasifier, while the exhaust gases are heat
exchanged with water /steam to generate superheated steam to drive a
steam turbine.
IGCC is a combined cycle process fuelled by coal which is gasified by
heating it in a gasifier in the presence of steam and oxygen.
The waste heat from the gasification process is also partially recovered and
used to generate steam which drives a steam turbine, providing second
cycle to generate electricity.

Construction of IGCC

The layout is shown in figure consists of four major units.

Air Separation Unit (ASU): This supplies oxygen and steam required for
gasification.
Gasification: This unit consists of coal gasifier where conversion of solid fuel
into combustible syngas occurs.
Gas Clean up: Filtering out the impurities in syngas will take place at this unit.
Combined power block: It consists of steam turbine and gas turbine for power
production.
 Working of IGCC

Coal is gasified, either partially of wholly and the synthetic gas produced after
clean up is burnt in the combustion chamber of the gas turbine.
The main features of the cycle are shown in Fig. Coal and limestone are fed to a
pressure vessel, the coal being gasified by oxygen and steam.
The ash and limestone form a molten slag which is discharged and the synthetic
gas produced is cooled.
The use of air instead of oxygen produces a gas of lower calorific value. The
exhaust gases from the GT raise steam in the HRSG (Heat Recovery Steam
Generator).

Advantages:
Higher efficiencies and lower emissions
Improvements in efficiency dramatically reduce emissions from coal combustion.
Increasing efficiency from 35 to 40 % reduces the CO2 emissions by 10%.

You Tube Links

Video Lectures
https://youtu.be/R7DHdBiCQ8c

https://youtu.be/7uJYdtILA9s

https://youtu.be/jGKI6IvmUyY
 Problems

The Following readings were taken during the test of a single cylinder
four stroke oil engine:
Cylinder Diameter= 250mm
Stroke Length= 400 mm
Gross m.e.p= 7 bar
Pumping m.e.p= 0.5 bar
Engine speed= 250 rpm
Net load on the brake= 1080N
Effective Diameter of the brake = 1.5 m
Fuel used per hour = 10kg
Calorific value of fuel= 44300kJ/kg
EStimate:
(i) Indicated Power
(ii) Brake Power
(iii) Mechanical Efficiency
(iv) Indicated Thermal Efficiency
Given
D =250mm =0.25m
L= 400mm=0.4m
Pmg=7bar
Pmp=0.5 bar
N= 250 rpm
Db= 1.5m
mf= 10/3600=0.00277kg/s
C=44300 kJ/kg
n=1
(W-S)=1080N
pm= = pmg-pmp= 7-0.5=6.5 bar
 Problems

Indicated Power (I.P)

= npmLANk10/6
= 1*6.5*0.4*π/4*0.252*250*1/2*10
6
= 26.59kW
Brake Power (B.P)
B.P= (W-S) πDbN
60*1000
= 1080* π*1.5*250
60*1000
= 21.2kW
ɳmech = B.P/I.P
=21.2/26.59
=0.797 = 79.7%
Indicated Thermal Efficiency
ɳth = I.P/mf *C=26.59/(0.00277*44300)
= 0.216 = 21.6%
2. The brake thermal efficiency of a diesel engine is 30 %. If the air to fuel ratio by
weight is 20 and the calorific value of the fuel used is 41800 kJ/kg, Estimate Brake
mean effective pressure may be expected at S.T.P conditions.
Given:
Brake thermal efficiency = 30%
Air fuel ratio by weight= 20
Calorific value of fuel used C= 41800kJ/kg
 Problems

Brake mean effective pressure Pmb

Brake thermal efficiency = Work Produced / Heat supplied
0.3= Work Produced/ 41800 = 12540kJ
Mass of air used per kg of fuel = 20kg
S.T.P conditions refer to 1 bar and 15°C
Volume of air used = mRT/P
= 20* 287* (273+15)/ 1*105 = 16.31m3
Brake mean effective pressure
Pmb = Work done / Cylinder volume
= 12540*1000/ 16.31* 105
= 7.69 bar
3. Air enters a Brayton cycle at 100kPa,300K.The compression ratio is 8:1. The
Maximum temperature in the cycle is 1300K. Find (i) air standard efficiency(ii)
compressor and turbine work and (iii) work ratio.

Given
P1=100 kPa
T1=300K
r=8
T3=1300K

Brayon Cycle
 Problems

Consider the process

T2/T1 = (V1/V2)ɣ-1
T2= (8) 1.4-1 * 300 = 689.2K
T3/T4 = (V4/V3)ɣ-1
T4 = 1300/(8)1.4-1 = 565.85K
Compressor work,
Wc=Cp(T2-T1)
= 1.005(689.2-300)
Wc = 391.145kJ/kg
Turbine work,
WT =Cp(T3-T4)
=1.005(1300-565.85)
WT = 737.82kJ/kg
Air Standard Efficiency
ɳ=1-1/(r) ɣ-1
= 1-1/(8) 1.4-1
ɳ = 0.5647 = 56.47%

Work ratio (W.R) = Net work/ Gross work

= (Turbine work – Compressor work)/Turbine work
W.R = 737.82-391.145/737.82 = 0.47
4. A gas turbine working on theoretical air cycle draws air initially at 25°C and 1 bar.
The maximum pressure and temperature is 3 bar and 650°C. Calculate air
standard efficiency, heat supplied, heat rejected, work output per kg of air and
exhaust temperature.
Given data:
P1 = 1bar = P4 , T1 = 25°C = 298K,
P2 = 3bar = P3, T3 = 650 °C = 923K
 Problems

Brayton Cycle (P-V)Diagram

T2/T1 = (P2/P1)ɣ-1/ɣ

T2= (3/1) 1.4-1/1.4 *298 = 407.88K

T4= (P4/P3)ɣ-1/ɣ * 923= 674.34 K

Efficiency of Cycle

ɳ= 1-1/(Rp) ɣ-1/ɣ ( Rp= P2/P1=3/1=3)

= 1-1/(3) 1.4-1/1.4 = 26.94%

Heat Supplied Qs= mCp(T3-T2)

= 1*1.005(923-407.88)= 517.7 kJ/kg.

Heat Rejected, QR= mCp(T4-T1)

= 1*1.005(674.34-298)

=378.22kJ/kg.

Work output, W= Qs-QR

= 517.7-378.22 = 139.48 kJ/kg.

Exhaust Temperature T4= 674.34 K

 10. Assignments ( For higher level learning and Evaluation -
Examples: Case study, Comprehensive design, etc.,)

S. No. Questions K CO
Level Level

1 Articulate the functions and types of fuel injection systems. K3 CO2

2 (i) Execute starting systems of gas turbine. K3 CO2

(ii)Sketch a neat diagram, explain the working of combined
gas turbine and steam power plant.
3 i) Illustrate the benefits and limitations of a Diesel Engine K4 CO2
Power plant.
ii)Distinguish the merits and demerits of open and closed gas
turbine power plant.
4 Illustrate the operation of diesel power plant with neat layout. K4 CO2

5 Execute the work ratio of a gas turbine using Brayton cycle. K3 CO2

6 Illustrate the operation of anyone type of combined cycle K4 CO2

power plant with its Limitations.
7 Illustrate the operation of IGCC Power Plant. K4 CO2
 11. Part A Q & A (with K level and CO)

S. QUESTIONS K CO
N LEVEL LEV
O EL
1 List the applications of gas turbine power plants. K1 CO2
(April 2018)
Due to its low weight to power ratio, it has the following
applications:
a) Aviation systems to operate aircrafts b) Locomotives c)
Marine ships d) Compressors, Blower, Pumps

2 Justify: Auxiliary Power consumption of Brayton K1 CO2

cycle is almost twice that of Rankine cycle despite
thermodynamic processes are adopted are similar.
(Nov 2017)
Auxiliary power consumption is the ratio of the heat equivalent
of fuel fired to the heat equivalent of electricity sent to the
transmission net work.Larger compressor work input, since the
power required to drive the compressor is considerable higher than
that required by a pump for the same pressure ratio The
compressor thus consumes a large part of the work produced by
the turbine.
For Brayton cycle:Wcomp>>Wturbine
For Rankine cycle:Wpump<<Wturbine

3 State the significance of Load factor and Capacity K1 CO2

factor of a Gas based power plant. (Nov 2017)
Load factor gives the maximum demand of the power plant and
it is given by Load factor=Average load/Maximum demand Capacity
factor gives the maximum capacity of the power plant and it is
given by Capacity factor=Average load/Capacity of plant

4 List the major difference between otto cycle and K1 CO2

diesel cycle. (April 2018)
Otto cycle is used for petrol or spark ignition enginewhile diesel
cycle is used for diesel or compression ignition engine. The main
difference between Otto cycle and Diesel cycle is that in Otto
cycle heat addition takes place at constant volume and in diesel
cycle heat addition takes places at constant pressure.
 11. Part A Q & A (with K level and CO)

S. QUESTIONS K CO
N LEVEL LEVEL
O
5 Give examples of combined cycle power K1 CO2
plants. (APR 2019)
Gas turbine –steam power plant b. Combined gas turbine
and diesel power plants c. Integrated Gasification combined
cycle d. Magneto HydroDynamic (MHD) –steam plant

6 Explain reheating and regeneration of gas K1 CO2

turbine. (APR 2019)
Reheat: Fuel is added to reheat the exhaust gases of high
pressure turbine. It is placed between high pressure and low
pressure turbines. Regeneration: The exhaust temperature of
gas leaving turbine is usually quite high. The exhaust gas
from GT can be utilised to preheat the air entering
combustion chamber.
7 List the various “Gas power cycles”. K1 CO2
(NOV 2018)
Otto cycLe b. Diesel cycLE c. Dual combustion cycle
d. Brayton cycle
8 List the advantages of the combined power K1 CO2
cycle (NOV 2018)
a) The efficiency of the combined cycle plant is better or
higher than the turbine cycle or steam cycle plant. b) The
efficiency of combined cycle power plant will be of the order
of about 45 to 50%. c) very low toxic emissions d) runs on a
wide variety of fuels e) high operating speeds
9 State the different lubrication systems used in K1 CO2
diesel power plant. (APR 2018)
Mist lubrication system b) Wet sump lubrication c) Dry
sump lubrication

10 List the factors to be considered in selecting K1 CO2

engine types in a Diesel power plant.
a. Power and Mechanical Efficiency b. Fuel Air-Ratio c.
Volumetric Efficiency d. Specific Output e Specific Fuel
Consumption f.Thermal Efficiency and Heat Balance
g. Exhaust Smoke and Emissions h. Effective Pressure and
Torque
 11. Part A Q & A (with K level and CO)

S.NO QUESTIONS K CO
LEVE LEVE
L L
11. State power generation by gas turbine is K1 CO2
more attractive than other turbines.
Low installation cost and time b. Quick starting and
stopping c. Fast response to load changes

12 Name the essential components of a diesel K1 CO2

electric plant.
a . Diesel engine b. Fuel pump, injector c. Air intake and
exhaust system d. Lubrication system

13 State the effect of intercooling in a gas K1 CO2

turbine plant (Jun 07)
(i) Heat Supply is increased (ii) It decreases the thermal
efficiency (iii) work ratio will be increased (iv) Specific volume
of air is reduced.
14 State any two advantages of the Combined K1 CO2
power plant.
i) The Efficiency of the combined cycle plant is better than
simple gas turbine cycle.
(ii) It gives high ratio of power output to occupy ground
space
15. List the effects of reheat cycle. K1 CO2
(i) Thermal Efficiency is less since the heat supplied is
more.
(ii) Turbine output is increased for same expansion ratio.

16. List some commonly fuel Injection system in a K1 CO2

Diesel Power Station.
(i) Common rail injection system
(ii) Individual pump injection system
(iii) Distribution system
17. State the role of intercooler between two K1 CO2
compressors.
When the pressure ratio is very high, then the intercooler is
provided between compressors.
 11. Part A Q & A (with K level and CO)

S.N QUESTIONS K CO
O LEVEL LEVEL
18. List the modifications are carried out in K1 CO2
Brayton cycle
(i) Regenerator (ii) Reheater (iii) Inter cooler

19 State any two applications of gas K1 CO2

turbine power plant.
(i) It is used in Jet, Aircraft and Ships.
(ii) Stand by Plants for HRSG power plants
20 State any two advantages of gas turbine K1 CO2
power plants.
(i) Smaller in size and initial cost is less.
(ii) It requires less water compared to steam
power plant.
 12. Part B Qs (with K level and CO)

S.NO Question K CO
Level Lev
el
1. Describe the functions and types of fuel injection K2 C02
systems. (Apr 2018)
2 Distinguish the advantages and disadvantages of a K2 C02
diesel power plant over a gas turbine power plant.
3 Explain the layout of a modern diesel power plant K2 C02
showing the following systems. a. Air Intake system b.
Cooling system c. Fuel supply system d. Lubrication
system and e. Exhaust system
4 Explain in detail about Otto cycle and processes with p-V K2 C02
and T-s diagrams
5 Explain in detail about diesel cycle and derive its K2 C02
efficiency.
6 Discuss in detail about Brayton cycle and derive its K2 C02
efficiency.
7 Discuss in detail the Brayton cycle most suitable for gas K2 C02
turbine power. State its merits and demerits.
8 Discuss the performance characteristics of a gas turbine K2 C02
power plant.
9 Discuss the essential features of gas turbine blades. K2 C02
How are blades cooled
10 Discuss the use of coal in a combined cycle plant K2 C02

11 Explain the environmental impact of a combined cycle K2 C02

plant
12 Discuss briefly a combined cycle plant be used for K2 C02
cogeneration. List its thermodynamic advantage
13 Discuss the advantages of combined cycle power K2 C02
generation. Why is it so important in the present day
energy scenario
 12. Part B Qs (with K level and CO)

S.NO Questions K CO
Leve Level
l
14 Discuss briefly about the IGCC power generation K2 CO2

15 A gas turbine working on theoretical air cycle draws air K2 CO2

initially at 25°C and 1 bar. The maximum pressure and
temperature is 3 bar and 650°C. Estimate air standard
efficiency, heat supplied, heat rejected, work output per
kg of air and exhaust temperature.
 13. Supportive online Certification courses (NPTEL,
Swayam, Coursera, Udemy, etc.,)

S.No Name of the Course Link

1 Power Plant Engineering https://nptel.ac.in/courses/112/1

07/112107291/#
2 Lecture 19 - Gas Turbines https://nptel.ac.in/courses/112/1
07/112107291/#
3 Lecture 37- Instrumentation of https://nptel.ac.in/courses/112/1
Power Plant 07/112107291/#
4 The Rankine Power Plant https://www.coursera.org/lecture/t
hermodynamics-intro/06-03-the-
rankine-power-plant-sRbKi
5 https://www.coursera.org/lecture/e
Energy, Environment and Everyday nergy-environment-life/diesel-is-
Life different-DNIc2

6 Gas Turbines https://www.udemy.com/courses/se

arch/?q=gas+turbines

7 Complete Geneneration course for https://www.udemy.com/course/fu

Electrical power Engineering ndamentals-of-power-system-for-
electrical-engineering-1/
 14. Real time Applications in day to day life and to
Industry
A power plant is an industrial facility that generates electricity from primary
energy. Most power plants use one or more generators that convert mechanical
engineering into electrical energy in order to supply power to the electrical
grid for society's electrical needs. The exception is solar power plants, which
use photovoltaic cell (instead of a turbine)to generate this electricity.
Diesel Power Plant ---Diesel Generator is used as a add on to meet the peak load
in Industries and also as a standby in house.
GMR Vasavi Diesel Power Plant, owned by GMR Power Corporation Limited, was a
private-owned power plant located in Basin Bridge, Chennai. It was a 200-MW
LSHS (low sulphur heavy stock) fuel (processed from the residue of indigenous
crude) power plant of the GMR Group. The plant was based on two stroke diesel
engine technology from MAN B&W, Germany. It was the state's first plant
commissioned by the private sector. The plant was decommissioned in 2018
 15.Contents beyond the Syllabus ( COE related Value
added courses)
Diesel Gensets Aim at the Future
Though newer distributed generation options like microturbines, solar, and
batteries have grabbed the headlines, diesel remains the go-to option because of
its established technology and reliability. But growing competition and new
regulations are threatening its traditional role. Here’s what diesel is doing to stay
relevant.
If you pay attention to nothing but the headlines in the energy media
(including POWER), you can be forgiven for having mostly forgotten about diesel.
Staid and reliable, diesel generation isn’t terribly exciting—it’s just there when you
need it.
Exact figures for how much diesel generation is in service worldwide are difficult
to come by, in part because official statistics from the U.S. Energy Information
Administration and the International Energy Agency tend to lump diesel together
with fuel oil, but there’s no question there’s a lot of it. Diesel is used extensively
for backup generation in developed countries and for primary generation in
developing countries where the national grid may be unreliable or simply
nonexistent, as well as for island grids, where large power plants are not cost-
effective.
Diesel’s advantages are in its simplicity, reliability, fast response, and low cost.
Compared to other options such as gas engines, microturbines, and renewable
sources such as wind and solar, diesel generators are typically the least expensive
in terms of capital outlay. Diesel fuel also has substantially higher energy density
than natural gas and other options, which can simplify fuel supply logistics. With
simple maintenance requirements and a well-understood, 100-year-old
technology, a diesel genset doesn’t need much attention to provide many years of
reliable service—an ideal quality for remote areas.
But diesel comes with some drawbacks.
Diesel fuel can be expensive, especially when it must be imported long distances,
such as to a remote island. Much of the impetus toward renewable generation on
islands such as Hawaii and Puerto Rico, and other areas such as the Caribbean
and South Pacific, has come from high electricity costs driven by diesel generation
using imported fuel. Hawaii in particular has made the decision to abandon
diesel—and all other fossil fuels—by 2045.
15.Contents beyond the Syllabus ( COE related Value
added courses

Diesel plants built without consideration of this challenge can quickly turn into
white elephants, as was the case with the $335 million Tarakhil power plant built
by the U.S. Agency for International Development outside Kabul, Afghanistan.
Because importing diesel into the country is so expensive and dangerous, the
plant has sat mostly idle, managing around a 2% capacity factor since it was
completed in 2010, according to a government report released in August.
Another concern that has grown in recent years is emissions. Compared to gas
engines and microturbines, let alone renewables, diesel engines have higher
levels of particulate, NOx, and SOx emissions. For most of its existence, diesel flew
under the Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA’s) radar, but that came to an
end in 2006 with the first national emission regulations under the New Source
Performance Standards, which generally required at least a 90% reduction in
particulates and NOx for new engines. Those standards have since been tightened
even further, and new regulations have also been issued for existing engines.
 16. Assessment Schedule ( Proposed Date & Actual
Date)

S.NO. Test Type Tentative Date

From
To

1 Unit Test I 07.09.2021 09.09.2021

2 Internal Assessment Test I 20.09.2021 25.09.2021

3 Unit Test II 07.10.2021 11.10.2021

4 Internal Assessment Test 22.10.2021 28.102021

II

5 Model Examination 18.11.2021 29.11.2021

17. Prescribed Text Books & Reference Books

TEXT BOOK:(T)
1. Nag. P.K., "Power Plant Engineering", Third Edition, Tata McGraw – Hill Publishing
Company, Ltd., 2008.

REFERENCES:(R)
1. El-Wakil. M.M., "Power Plant Technology", Tata McGraw – Hill Publishing
Company Ltd., 2010.
2. Godfrey Boyle, "Renewable energy", Open University, Oxford University Press in
associationwith the Open University, 2004
3. Thomas C. Elliott, Kao Chen and Robert C. Swanekamp, "Power Plant
Engineering", Second Edition, Standard Handbook of McGraw – Hill, 1998.
 18. Mini Project suggestions

Powering Smalls burg Activity – Overhead 1:

Types of Power Plants
Requireme
Renewable % of
Type of nts Cost Environme
/ Current
Power (i.e., fuel, (high or ntal
Non- Electrical
Plant sunshine, low?) Concerns
Renewable Production
etc.)

Construction
of the dam
and rising
water levels
affect people
A valley with
living
Hydroelectric a sizable Low Renewable 7%
upstream of
river
the dam. The
dam also
disrupts the
ecology of
the stream.

Needs
energy
storage
A lot of
(intermittent
sunshine
Photovoltaic energy
(not good for Very High Renewable 0.1%
(PV) source)
cloudy
which
places)
increases
cost
significantly
Some people
think they
are ugly (a
form of
visual
pollution).
A
Some studies
Wind Turbine consistently High Renewable 0.4%
suggest that
windy place
wind turbines
kill birds.
Needs
energy
storage like
PVs.
 18. Mini Project suggestions

Powering Smalls burg Activity – Overhead 1:

Types of Power Plants
% of
Requiremen Renewabl
Current
ts Cost e/
Type of Environmental Electrica
(i.e., fuel, (high or Non-
Power Plant Concerns l
sunshine, low?) Renewabl
Producti
etc.) e
on

Current coal plants give

off significant amounts
of carbon dioxide
(global warming), sulfur
dioxide (acid rain),
nitrogen oxides (acid
rain and smog), and
mercury (birth defects); Non-
Coal Coal Very Low 50%
some newer plants renewable
significantly reduce
these emissions. Coal
must be mined, and
these mines are often
unsightly and potentially
damaging to the
environment.
 Thank you

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