STS Reviewer For Midterms

Learning Module 1: Historical Antecedents in Science, Technology and Society
Course Packet 1: Historical Antecedents of STS in the World
o Greeks; the Harbingers

 Socrates
- Main source of western thought
- Socratic method
- Mind over body
- The more I know, the more I do not know
- Unexamined life is not worth living
 Plato
- Student of Socrates, teacher of Aristotle
- Founded the academy
- Idealist, wants fair and just society
- in order to have real knowledge, we must gain it through philosophical reasoning.
- Know yourself. Constant struggle for humans is discovering the reality of the world while balancing
what you know to be true, and what the physical world is showing you to be true.
 Aristotle
- Systematic concept of logic
- Wants to come up with a universal process of reasoning
- Realist
- Living the moral life is the ultimate goal
o Medieval Period (Christian Era)

 Origen of Alexandria
- The knowledge of good (God) can remove all sin and ignorance
- Such a being, he argued, must really exist, for the very idea of such a being implies its existence.
 St. Augustine
- Such a being, he argued, must really exist, for the very idea of such a being implies its existence.
o Scientific Revolution (Period of Enlightenment)

 Nicolaus Copernicus
- Sun is the center of the universe
- Polyglot and polymath
 Charles Darwin
- Theory of evolution
- Survival of the Fittest / Natural Selection
 Sigmund Freud
- founder of psychoanalysis.
- human sexuality and the evil nature of man.
Course Packet 2: Historical antecedents of STS in the Philippines
 Julian Arca Banzon

- Filipino biochemist and a National Scientist of the Philippines from Balanga, Bataan.
- Alternative Fuel
- production of ethyl ester fuels from sugarcane and coconuts.
o Pre Spanish Era

- Medicinal and therapeutic properties of plants
- methods of extracting medicine from herbs.
- Alphabet, number system, weighing and measuring system and a calendar.
- Banaue Rice Terraces
 Spanish Colonial Era
- Formal education and scientific institution
- Parish Schools
- Sanitation and more advanced methods of agriculture was taught to the natives.
- Universities, UST
- Galleon Trade
- Opening of Suez Canal
 American Period
- agriculture, food processing, forestry, medicine and pharmacy.
- Laboratorio Municipal was replaced with Bureau of Government Laboratories (07-01-1901)
- Bureau of Government Laboratories was replaced by the Bureau of Science (primary government
office) (10/26/1905)
- National Research Council (12-08-1933)
- Bureau of Science was replaced by Institute of Science (1946)
- National Science Development was established because of Science Act of 1958, under Carlos Garcia
- The National Science Development Board was replaced by the National Science and Technology
Authority (1983) Ferdinand Marcos
- National Science and Technology Authority was replaced by the Department of Science and
Technology (1986) Cory Aquino
Course Packet 3: Intellectual Revolutions that Defined the Society
 Industrial Revolution
- fundamental change in the way products (goods & services) being produced, delivered & consumed
 1st Revolution
- Mechanical production driven by water and steam power
 2nd Revolution
- Mass production enabled by electrical energy
 3rd Revolution
- Use of computers and electronics
 4th Revolution
- Use of cyber physical systems
The 4th Industrial Revolution is characterized by:
 Accelerated rate of change

 Technology advancement
 Convergence
 New source of growth/inequalities
 Technology cost and investments
The 4th Industrial Revolution has an impact on:
 Economy
- Massive unemployment
- Increase standard of living
 Society
- Increased innovation
- Growth of cities
 Political
- Expansion of democracy
- Business people rise to power
Jobs under threat:
o Travel Agents
o Tellers
o Surveyors
o Journalist
o Legal Assistant
o Finance Assistant
Jobs that didn’t exist 10 years ago:
o Blogger
o Sustainability manager
o Drone operator
o App developer
o Social media strategist
o Data scientist
Role of government:
o Takes Control
o Liberalize
o Is business friendly
o Can manage growth
o Maintain a sense of cohesion
o Make necessary infrastructure
o Understand the changing role of government
Course Packet 4: Philippine Government Policies in Science and Technology
 Philippine Development Plan (goals)

- Middle class society, no one is poor
- Long and healthy life
- Smarter and more innovative
- High trust society
Major Development Programs in Science and Technology in the Philippines
 Doppler Radars – Weather Forecasting

 RA 7686 Scholarship Program – science students
 SETUP – assist SME’s (small and medium enterprise)
 Balik Scientist Act (RA 11035)
 Philippine Space Agency (PhilSA)
Learning Module 2: STS and the Human Condition
Course Packet 1: Human Flourishing in terms of Science and Technology
Human Flourishing
 Positive emotions, psychological functioning, and social functioning

 Involves the use of potentialities such as talents, abilities, and virtues
 Part of life and needs reflective thinking and meditative thinking
Aristotle’s Human Flourishing
 Flourishing requires a life with other people to acquire virtues

 Eudaimonia/Flourishing is the end of all actions we perform
 Flourishing is the highest good of human endeavors
Dr. Seligman’s PERMA Theory of Well-Being
 Positive emotion, engagements, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment are the building blocks of
flourishment.
 A good life for you might not be a good life for others
 Many routes to a flourishing life
Heisenberg’s Theory
 Owners have obligations to its members that enabled owners to have flourishing lives by helping their members
Course Packet 2: Technology as a Way of Revealing
 Martin Heidegger
- Opposes technology as a human activity or a means to an end
- Technology is a way of revealing
- Since the essence of a tree is not itself a tree, he points out, so the essence of technology is not anything
technological.
- Alètheuein, means to discover
- alètheia, means the truth
- modern technology is a ‘forcing into being’ rather than ‘helping something to become a being’
- modern technology puts unreasonable demand on nature to supply energy
- it makes nature seem to be at our command
- technology reveals the world as a raw material, available for production and manipulation.
- Truth is not correctness, but a revealing or unconcealing
Reality according to Heidegger
- it is not given the same way in all times and all cultures
- not something absolute that human beings can ever know once and for all
WHY IS TECHNOLOGY NOT A HUMAN ACTIVITY?
According to Heidegger, there is something wrong with the modern, technological culture we live in today. In our ‘age of
technology’ reality can only be present as a raw material. This state of affairs has not been brought about by humans;
the technological way of revealing was not chosen by humans.

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Learning Module 1: Historical Antecedents in Science, Technology and Society

Course Packet 1: Historical Antecedents of STS in the World

o Greeks; the Harbingers

o Medieval Period (Christian Era)

o Scientific Revolution (Period of Enlightenment)

Course Packet 2: Historical antecedents of STS in the Philippines

 Julian Arca Banzon

o Pre Spanish Era

Course Packet 3: Intellectual Revolutions that Defined the Society

The 4th Industrial Revolution is characterized by:

 Accelerated rate of change

The 4th Industrial Revolution has an impact on:

Jobs under threat:

Jobs that didn’t exist 10 years ago:

 Philippine Development Plan (goals)

Major Development Programs in Science and Technology in the Philippines

 Doppler Radars – Weather Forecasting

Learning Module 2: STS and the Human Condition

Course Packet 1: Human Flourishing in terms of Science and Technology

 Positive emotions, psychological functioning, and social functioning

Aristotle’s Human Flourishing

 Flourishing requires a life with other people to acquire virtues

Dr. Seligman’s PERMA Theory of Well-Being

Reality according to Heidegger

WHY IS TECHNOLOGY NOT A HUMAN ACTIVITY?

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