SCIENC,

TECHNOLOGY
AND SOCIETY

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Historical
antecedents of
science and
technology
Science and technology
TECHNOLOGY
Science :
science or knowledge
knowledge about or study about put into practical use to
natural world based on the facts learned
solve problems or invent
through experiments and observation.
useful tools.

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HOW IS science used in technology?
▪ Science is the pursuit of knowledge about the natural world
through systematic observation, we develop new
technologies.

▪ Technology is the application of scientifically gained

knowledge for practical purpose.

▪ Scientist use technology in all their experience

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Science as an Idea-It includes the ideas, theories, and all
available systematic explanations and observations about the
natural and physical world.
Science as an Intellectual activity- It encompasses a
systematic and practical study of the natural and physical world.
This process of study involves systematic observation and
experimentation.
Science as a body of knowledge- It is a subject or discipline , a
field of study, or a body of knowledge that deals with the process
of learning about the natural and physical world. This is what we
refer to as school science.
Science as a personal and social Activity. This explains that
science is both knowledge and activities done by human beings
to develop better understanding of the world around the. It is a
means to improve life and to survive in life. It is interwoven with
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people’s lives.
The role of science and
technology

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1. Alter the way people live, connect, communicate and transact, with profound
effects on economic development.

2. Key drives to development, because technological and scientific revolutions

underpin economic advances, improvements in health systems, education and
infrastructures.

3. The technological revolutions of the 21st century are emerging from entirely
new sectors based on micro-processors. Tele-communications, bio-technology
and nano-technology. Products are transforming business practices across the
economy, as well as the lives of all who have access to their effects. The most
remarkable breakthroughs will come from the interactions of insights and
applications arising when these technological converge.

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4. Have the power to better the lives of poor people in developing
countries

5. Differentiators between countries that are able to tackle poverty

effectively by growing and developing their economies, and those
that are not.

6. Engine of growth

7. Interventions for cognitive enhancement, proton cancer therapy

and genetic engineering.
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Society
 The sum total of our interactions as
humans, including the interactions that we
engage in to figure things out and to make
things.
 A group of individuals involved in
persistent social interactions, or a large
social group sharing same geographical or
social territory, typicsl subject to the sam
political authority and dominant culture 9
 What does science
technology and society
mean?
Science Technology and Society studies, or science,
technology and society studies (STS) is the study of
how society, politics, and culture affect scientific
research and technological innovation, and how
these, in turn, affect society, politics and culture.

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Scientific
Revolution
Historical Development of Science and
Technology in the World
Let’s just always remember that
scientist of all period of times, in
exploring the natural world, are
driven by their critical thinking ,
curiosity and creativity.
and revolutionary
ideas
 Nicolaus Copernicus (1473-1543) a Mathematician and Astronomer
-He proposed that the sun is stationary and is the center of the
universe and the Earth and the other planets are orbiting around it each
year. Heliocentric model.
 Charles Darwin- revolutionary theory of evolution .
 Sigmund Freud- He raised the consciousness of the civilized world in
Psychoanalysis matter.
 ancient
2 million years ago- earliest known form of human artifacts
2.3 million years ago- roughly shaped stones used for
chopping and scrapping primarily found in Eastern
Africa.
400 BC in Mesopotamia are disease symptoms, chemical
substance and astronomical observation instrument.
Same period in Nile Valley of Egypt –treatments of wounds
and diseases were found.
Even some Mathematical calculations, used in Geometry and
Trigonometry such as angles, rectangles, triangles, volume of a
pyramid.
30-400 BC rise of philosophers with topics on psychology, biology, and
etc.
Euclid –Father of “Modern Geometry”
Archimedes- Founder of engineering mechanics who calculated a value
of pi and 1st water pump.
Potter wheel- Sumerians after 3500 BC
Papyrus-paper
Middle
476 AD, the coming of Islam in 7th century
and the rise of Charlegmagne in 8th
century, intellectual, scientific, and
technological activities were concentrated
on Christian Faith.

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 Middle
“Plato’s work –Natural world in the light of Christianity
Aristotle- (384-322 BC) “PHYSICS ” creation of the world
based on nature alone.
Albertus Magnus (1200-1280) natural ways are the result of
natural causes.
Roger Bacon (1214-1294) science based on empirical
methods.
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▪ Latter Middle ages discoveries

• Gun powders, firearms, geometry and statistics that

enabled to Construct Gothic Cathedral, new pumping
device, new machines for lifting heavy loads, human
anatomy, Gregorian Calendar during the time of pope
Gregory XII in 1852.

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Scientific
revolutio
n
16th to 18th Century
EUROPE

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Early Modern Period
From 18th-20h Century, science
Technology emphasizes more on Physical
and Biological sciences.
Today there are so many scientific
technological advancement that can make
our daily activities, whether it can be
simple or as vital as an artificial heart for
human survival.
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History of science and technology in the
philippines
 Science and technology in the Philippines had experienced
periods of intense growth as well as long periods of
stagnation
 The main managing agency responsible for science and
technology is the Department of Science and Technology.
 Numerous national scientist have contributed in different
fields of science including Fe del Mundo in the field of
Pediatrics, Eduardo Quisumbing in the field of Pediatrics,
Eduardo Gavino Trono in the field of tropical marine
Phycology, Maria Orosa in the field of Food technology and 21
 Pre-spanish era
 Even before the colonization by the Spaniards in the Philippine
islands, the natives of the archipelago already had practices linked
to science and technology.
 Filipinos were already aware of the medicinal and therapeutic
properties of plants and the methods of extracting medicine from
herbs.
 They already had an alphabet, number system, a weighing and
measuring system and a calendar in farming, shipbuilding, mining
and weaving.
 The Banaue Rice Terraces are among the sophisticated products of
engineering by pre-Spanish era Filipinos.
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 Spanish colonial era
▪ The colonization of the Philippines contributed to growth of science and technology in
the archipelago.
▪ The Spanish introduced formal education and founded scientific institution.
▪ During the early years of Spanish schools were established were religion, reading,
writing, arithmetic and music was taught.
▪ Sanitation and more advanced methods of agriculture was taught to the natives.
▪ Later the Spanish established colleges and universities in the archipelago including
the oldest existing university in Asia, the University of Santo Tomas.

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▪ The Galleon Trade have accounted in the Philippine colonial economy.
▪ Trade was given more focus by the Spaniard colonial authorities due to the
prospects of big profits.
▪ Agriculture and industrial development on the other hand were relatively
neglected.
▪ The opening of he Suez Canal saw the influx of European visitors to the
Spanish colony and some
▪ Filipinos were able to study in Europe who were probably influenced by the
rapid development of scientific ideals brought by the Age of Enlightnement.

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American
period
▪ The progress of science and technology in the Philippines continued under
American rule of islands.
▪ On July 01, 1901 The Philippine Commission established the Bureau
of Government Laboratories which was placed under the Department
of Interior. The Bureau replaced the Laboratorio Municipal, which
was established under the Spanish colonial era. The Bureau dealt with
the study of tropical diseases and laboratory projects.
▪ On October 26, 1905, the Bureau of Government Laboratories was
replaced by the Bureau of Science and on December 8, 1933, the
National Research Council of the Philippines was established.
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American
period
*Science during the American period was inclined towards agriculture, food
processing, forestry, medicine and pharmacy. Not much focus was given on
the development of industrial technology due to tree trade policy with the
United States which nurtured an economy geared towards agriculture and
technology.
* In 1946 the Bureau of Science was replaced by the Institute of Science. In
report by the US Economic Survey to the Philippines in 1950, there is a lack
of basic information which were necessities to the country’s industries, lack
of support of experimental work and minimal budget for scientific research
and low salaries of scientist employed by the government. In 1958, during
the regime of President Carlos p. Garcia, the Philippine Congress passed the
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Science Act. 1958, which established the National Science Development.
 Post commonwealth-
era
 During the 1970s, which was under the time of Ferdinand Marcos
presidency, the importance given to science grew.

 Under the 1973 Philippine Constitution, Article XV, Section 1, the

government roles in supporting scientific research and invention was
acknowledged.

 In 1974, a Science development program was included in the

government’s Four-Year Development Plan which covers the years
1974-1978.
 Funding for science was also increased. The National Science
Development Board was replaced by the National Science and
Technology Authority under Executive Order No. 784. A Scientific
Career in the civil service was introduced in 1983. 27
Post commonwealth-
era
 In 1986, during Corazon Aquino’s presidency, the National Science and Technology
Authority was replaced by the Department of Science and Technology, giving science
and technology a representation in the cabinet.
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 Under the Medium Term Philippine Development Plan role in economic recovery and
sustained economic growth was highlighted.
 During Corazon Aquino’s State of the Nation Address in 1990, she said that science and
technology development shall be one of the top three priorities of the government
towards an economic recovery.
 In August 8, 1988, Corazon Aquino created the Presidential Task Force for Science and
technology which came up with 02 Technology Master Plan or STMP.
01 the first Science and
The goal of STMP was for the Philippines to achieve newly industrialized country
status by the year 2000.

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 The congress did not put much priority in handling bills related to
science and technology. The Senate Committees that handles the least
amount of bills for deliberation.
 Former Science and Technology secretary, Ceferin Follosco, reported
that the budget allocation for science and technology was increased to
1.054 billion pesos in 1989 from the previous year’s 464 million pesos.
 However, due to the Asian financial crisis , budget allocation for the
years 1990 and 1991 were increased to 1.7 billion pesos in 1992.

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 During President Duterte’s administration up to
present , we have yet to see efficient development of
infrastructure, energy generation, transportation,
information and communication technology (Internet
speed and WIFI elsewhere)

 At present, there is still science and technological

advancement that we could boost out as our invention
and discoveries comparable with the global world,
especially in the field of transportation and
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information.
Prepared by:

Gleemore O. Natingga, LPT

Instructor

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Any questions?

If None Let’s Call it a Day 

GOOD BYE and GOD
BLESS!!! 32