lOMoARcPSD|16719823

lOMoARcPSD|16719823

Name: Johnferson S. Bornales

Class Code: HIST 101
9/8/22

Primary Source Secondary Source

Author’s  Santiago V. Alvarez was born in  Teodoro A. Agoncillo was born in

background Imus, Cavite on July 25, 1872 and the Lemery, Batangas on November 9,
only child of Revolutionary General 1912
Mariano Alvarez and Nicolasa Virata.  He was considered one of the most
 He is also known as “Kidlat ng Apoy” important historians of the Philippines
or “General Apoy”  He was included in the roster of the
 One of the soldiers of the Order of National Scientists in 1985
revolutionary and Philippine for his contributions in Philippine
independence military History
 He was a member of the Katipunan  He is a graduate of Philosophy and
secret society and remained in the Arts
Magdiwang faction together with  a poet, a writer, an editor, a linguistic
Andres Bonifacio assistant, a Chairperson of the
 Captain general of the military Department of History, and a professor
rebel forces of Cavite in many universities
 Founder and honorary President of the  One of the first Filipino historians who
first directorate of the Nacionalista earned renown for promoting a
Party distinctly nationalist point of view of
Filipino history (nationalist
historiography)
When was the  The account was written in the year  October 1947 to January 1948
account written? 1927  It was published in 1956
Mention of Date (s) There were only two (2) specific  Early part of November- Governor
dates mentioned in the account: General Blanco has begun his
offensive in Cavite; the capital was
 March 25, 1897: The assembly at moved to San Francisco de Malabon
Tejeros Convened and later to Naik
 March 27,1897: The morning when  middle of December 1896: Andres
eyewitnesses reported that a meeting Bonifacio and his family left the
among the members of the Magdalo mountains of Montalban and
took place at the Tanza parish house Mariquina to visit the Katipunan in
Cavite.
 January 2, 1897: Bonifacio wrote a
letter to Mariano Alvarez after his
encounter with the Magdalo in Imus.
 January 1897: Riffle shots interrupted
the fiesta of San Francisco de Malabon
which led to a conflict between
Santiago Alvarez and Captain Mariano
San Gabriel.
lOMoARcPSD|16719823
 lOMoARcPSD|16719823

 March 22, 1897: Emilio Aguinaldo

celebrated his birthday with a battle
with a battled with Spanish soldiers in
Salitran. At the same time, the
assembly at Tejeros convened
 April 1897: Spaniards captured the
town of Malabon
Mention of Place  Friar estate house in Tejeros(San  Cavite – successfully rose in revolt
Francisco de Malabon, Cavite)  Batangas – town that was under the
– where the assembly convened Magdalo government
– Where Magdalo Pres. Baldomero  Nasugbu, Tuwi, and Look – towns
Aguinaldo, called another meeting which belonged to the Magdiwang
after the day of the convention government
(March 26, 1897)  Noveleta – the capital of Magdiwang
 Parish house of the Catholic church since its organization; where Esteban
in Tanza(Santa Cruz San Juan invited Bonifacio to attend
de Malabon) the demonstration of the Magdiwang
– where that same night of the rebels
assembly, rumor had it that Messrs.  San Francisco de Malabon – where
Mariano Trias. Daniel Tirona, the capital of Magdiwang was
Emiliano R. de Dios, Santiago Rillo transferred after Noveleta after
and others were conferring with the General Blanco began his offense
priest, Fr. Cenon Villafranca.  Naik – where the capital of
– where the rumored meeting between Magdiwang was transferred after San
Magdalo leaders took place the same Francisco de Malabon
night the day after the assembly  Kawit – Magdalo's capital before it fell
– held a gathering wherein those  Imus, San Francisco de Malabon,
elected at the Tejeros convention Naik and Maragondon –
(Emilio Aguinaldo, Mariano C. Trias successively became the capitals of
and Artemio Ricarte) took their oath Magdalo after they fell in Kawit
of office.
 Mountains of Montalban and
Mariquina – a delegate was sent to
look for Supremo as it is where he has
been staying
 Zapote – where Emilio Aguinaldo,
Candido Tirona, and Edilberto
Evangelista met Supremo and his
family after his arrival in Cavite
 House of Juan Castañeda in Imus –
where Bonifacio was brought by the
rebel leaders of Magdalo
 House of Santos Nocon – where
Bonifacio was accomodated upon
arriving at Malaboon
 House of Mrs. Estefania Potente –
where Bonifacio stayed after being
quartered at the house of Santos
Nocon
until the Spaniards capture the town in
April 1897
 lOMoARcPSD|16719823

 San Francisco de Malabon – where

riffle shots from Captain San Gabriel’s
men interrupted the town fiesta, which
led to a conflict between Santiago
Alvarez and Captain Mariano San
Gabriel.
 Estate house of Friars in Tejeros,
San Francisco de Malabon – a
Magdiwang territory; it is where the
convention took place
 Towns of Kawit, Bakood and Imus –
under the governance of the Magdalo
was at that time threatened by the
Spanishh army
 Salitran – a barrio between the town
of Imus and Dasmariñas; where
General Emilio Aguinaldo, leading the
Magdalo soldiers faced the Spaniards
 Tanza or Santa Cruz de Malabon –
it was this place where the former
summer resort of the friars, that
witnessed the first important election
held under the auspices of the
Katipunan government.
 Laguna – where Emilio Jacinto,
Bonifacio’s friend who he wrote a
letter to about what happened
during the
convention, is staying
Key Personalities  Supremo Andres Bonifacio – was Magdiwang Government
elected as the Secretary of the Interior Administration:
during the assembly  Mariano Alvarez – President
 Emilio Aguinaldo – elected as the  Pascual Alvarez – Executive
President and won over Mr. Andres Secretary
Bonifacio  Emiliano Riego de Dios – Minister of
 Secretary Jacinto Lumbreras – He the Interior (Pagpapaunlad); elected as
signed the invitation meetings and as the Director of War during the
presided over the assembly Convention
 General Apoy(Santiago V. Alvarez  Mariano Trias – Minister of Grace
himself) and Justice; elected as the Vice
 General Artemio Ricarte – was President during the Convention
appointed by Supremo as Secretary  Ariston Villanueva - Minister of War
during the election  Santiago Alvarez – Comander-in-
 Mr. Daniel Tirona – Broke the Chief
meeting rules and insulted Supremo  Diego Moxica - Minister of Finance
Bonifacio; objected that the position of  Artemio Ricarte – Military
Secretary of the Interior should not be Commander with the rank of
occupied by a person without a Brigadier-General; elected as the
lawyer's diploma Captain General during the
Convention
 lOMoARcPSD|16719823

 Mr. Diego Mojica – the Magdiwang  Mariano Reiego de Dios – Military

secretary of the Treasury; he warned Commander with the rank of
the Supremo Bonifacio that many Brigadier-General
ballots distributed were already filled  Supremo Andres Bonifacio – elected
out and that the voters had not done as the Director of Interior during the
this themselves. Convention
 Mariano C. Trias – won the Vice  Jacinto Lumbreras – a Magdiwang
president position over Mr. Mariano member; the assembly’s presiding
Alvarez and the Supremo Bonifacio officer
 General Vibora – was elected Captain  Teodoro Gonzales – a Magdiwang
over General Apoy member who acted as the secretary of
 Mr. Emiliano R. de Dios – was the assembly
elected Secretary of War, over Messrs.  Severino de las Alas – a Magdiwang,
Santiago V. Alvarez, Ariston took the floor and suggested that the
Villanueva, and Daniel Tirona convention assembled should solve the
 Mr. Jose del Rosario – the lawyer problem of whether a new government
who Daniel Tirona suggested to should be established to take the place
replace Supremo Bonifacio in his of the Katipunan
elected position
 Mr. Baldomero Aguinaldo – the Magdalo Government
Magdalo President Administration:
 Mr. Severino de las Alas – witness  Baldomero Aguinaldo – President
during the oath-taking ceremony  Candido Tirona - Minister of War
 Fr. Cenon Villafranca – a priest who  Emilio Aguinaldo – Comander-in-
officiated the oath-taking ceremony of Chief; lead the Magdalo soldiers
the elected officials: Emilio facing the Spaniards in Salitran; won
Aguinaldo, Mariano C. Trias and the Presidency in absentia over
Artemio Ricart Bonifacio and Trias during the
 Mr. Antonio Montenegro Convention
 Mariano M. Alvarez  Cayetano Topacio - Minister of
 Pascual Alvarez Finance
 Ariston Villanueva  Edilberto Evangelista – Lieutenant
 Santos Nocon General
 Luciano San Miguel  Vito Belarmino – Military
 Pablo Mojica Commander with the rank of
 Santiago Rillo Brigadier-General
 Cayetano Topacio  Crispulo Aguinaldo – Military
 Nicolas Portilla Commander with the rank of
Brigadier-General
 Daniel Tirona – he objected when
Bonifacio was proclaimed as the
Director of the Interior
 Antonio Montenegro – had an
argument with Santiago
Alvarez
 Jose del Rosario - the lawyer who
Daniel Tirona suggested to replace
Bonifacio in his elected position
 lOMoARcPSD|16719823

 Esteban San Juan – invited Bonifacio

to attend the demonstration of the
Magdiwang rebels in Noveleta
 Captain Mariano San Gabriel – a
Magdiwang man, whose men fired
riffle shots during the town fiesta of
San Francisco de Malabon and
caused chaos.
 Emilio Jacinto – Bonifacio’s friend
who he wrote letter to about after
the event/assembly
 Vicente Fernandez
 Governor General Blanco

Sequencing of 1. It started with the assembly at Tejeros 1. It started by stating that the
events on March 25, 1897, and was presided Katipunan in Cavite were divided into
by Secretary Jacinto Lumbreras. two factions: Magdiwang and
2. Jacinto Lumbreras announced the Magdalo.
main topic of discussion: to discuss 2. The Magdiwang, proceeding with its
how to secure the areas under the election independently of the
Magdiwang control, but this was Magdalo, chose the following men to
countered by Severino de las Alas administer the government. The
who imposed that the important Magdalo also elected people to take
matter should be tackled - the form of the reins of its government.
the government the Katipunan should 3. Both factions agreed to make
have. respective officers wear the same
3. There was a debate whether to change uniform for specific positions.
the state of government the Katipunan 4. The Katipunan called for the
had established or not. reorganization of their territories
4. Mr. Antonio Montenegro spoke in under each Katipunan faction.
defense of Mr. Severino de las Alas's However, the Magdiwang and
stand. He argued that if they would Magdalo had been silently fighting
disagree on the kind of revolutionary over Cavite, both parties not wanting
government, they were to have, then to be ruled over by the other.
they would be no better than a pack 5. The Magdiwang men invited
of bandits or wild, mindless animals. Supremo Andres Bonifacio to visit
5. A conflict between General Apoy and Cavite and intervene with the rising
Antonio Montenegro, as General conflict.
Apoy ordered the arrest of Mr. 6. There were three invitations sent to
Montenegro. Because of this, disorder Bonifacio, and only on the third
occupied the assembly.Conflict was invitation did he approve the request.
immediately resolved and Jacinto 7. Bonifacio arrived at Imus and was
Lumbreras, the presider of the welcomed by Emilio Aguinaldo,
meeting, yielded the chairmanship to Candido Tiron and Edilberto
Supremo Andres Bonifacio. Evangelista of the Magdalo faction
6. Bonifacio accepted and spoke before 8. The Magdalo leaders saw Bonifacio’s
the election began stressing that the gestures as if he was acting superior.
person who gets most of the votes 9. Bonifacio was then brought to the
must be declared and respected as house of Juan Castañeda in Imus,
the winner, regardless of his state in where he was visited by the many
life. from the Magdalo faction.
 lOMoARcPSD|16719823

7. Bonifacio proceeded with the election 10. Seeing Vicente Fernandez angered
and appointed Gen. Artemio Ricarte Bonifacio and ordered his immediate
as Secretary. Then, with the help of arrest. The Magdalo, however, did
Mr. Daniel Tirona, he distributed not allow the arrest of Fernandez.
pieces of paper to serve as ballots. 11. Realizing that he has no influence
8. When the ballots had been collected over the people of Magdalo,
and the votes were ready to be Bonifacio sent a letter to Mariano
canvassed, Mr. Diego Mojica, the Alvarez, explaining to him what
Magdiwang secretary of the happened at this encounter.
treasury, warned the Supremo about 12. Esteban San Juan invited Bonifacio to
the manipulations in the ballot. attend the demonstration of the
9. The elected officials were announced. Magdiwang rebels in Noveleta. He
Bonifacio was elected as the was heartily welcomed by the people
Secretary of the Interior over with a parade as he entered the cities.
Mariano Alvarez, which Mr. Daniel 13. Katipunan lost to Polavieja because
Tirona protested, saying that of the existing rivalry between the
Bonifacio should not be in that two factions, which called for a
position because he lacks the proper convention in Imus. This assembly,
credentials; this humiliated however, yielded no results as there
Bonifacio. were no agreements made as to what
10. Bonifacio, hot and angry, pulled out kind of government they must be
his revolver and aimed. Instead of organized in the country and if there
replying, Mr. Tirona, perhaps because is a need for a new election.
of fear, slid away and got lost in the 14. Suspicious and jealousies continued
crowd. to plague the rebels' ranks and even
11. The meeting was adjourned, and among the members of the same
Bonifacio declared the election be faction. Thus, San Francisco de
nulled and void. Malbon's town fiesta held in January
12. Baldomero Aguinaldo convinced 1897 was disrupted by the riffle shots
members of the Magdiwang to from the men of Captain Mariano San
reconvene the disrupted meeting to Gabriel, a Magdiwang man. This led
revalidate the election proceedings to a conflict between Santiago
and make amends with one another. Alvarez and Captain Mariano San
13. That same night of the Tejeros Gabriel.
Convention, rumor had it that 15. The Magdiwang leaders called for
Mariano Trias, Daniel Tirona, another convention in the estate-
Emiliano R. de Dios, Santiago Rillo, house of Tejeros, which happened on
and others were in the parish house of March 22, 1897.
the Catholic Church at Tanza and that 16. It was also Aquinaldo's birthday,
they were conferring with the priest, when simultaneously the battle in
Fr. Cenon Villafranca. Salitran led by Aguinaldo raged and
14. The next day, Magdalo Pres. the assembly convened in Tejeros.
Baldomero Aguinaldo, called a 17. Jacinto Lumbreras took the
meeting at the same friar estate house Chairmanship of the meeting and
in Tejeros. opened the discussion about creating
15. The Magdalo members did not come defense strategies to protect Cavite.
to the reconciliation meeting. 18. Severino de las Alas pointed out that
16. That same night of the supposed the Katipunan needs to agree on what
meeting, it was rumored that the type of government must be
Magdalo leaders were currently implemented first before proceeding
with the other agenda.
 lOMoARcPSD|16719823

holding their own meeting in the 19. There was a debate whether to change
parish house in Tanza. the form of government the
17. The following day, 27 March 1897, Katipunan has established or not.
eyewitnesses who had spied on the Sensing that the situation was getting
proceeding the other night revealed more out of hand without a fruitful
that a meeting had taken place at the result
Tanza parish house and that the 20. Tension aroused when Santiago
Supremo's decisions regarding the Alvarez took his anger on Antonio
election at the friar estate house were Montenegro. Because of this,
not respected. Lumbreras called for the meeting's
18. At the gathering in the Tanza parish recess.
house, those elected at the Tejeros 21. The assembly resumed after an hour
convention knelt before a crucifix. with Lumbreras transferring the
19. The officials elected during the chairmanship of the meeting to
Tejeros Convention (Emilio Andres Bonifacio.
Aguinaldo, Mariano C. Trias, and 22. Bonifacio granted the petition for a
Artemio Ricarte) solemnly took their new form of government, stressing
office without those elected from the that the majority's decision must
Magdiwang. The Magdalo posted always be respected. An election was
troops to guard the Tanza parish held to select the new officials who
house for their oath-taking will govern the recently instituted
ceremonies. Republic of the Philippines.
Bonifacio remarked whoever gets
most of the votes must be declared
and respected as the winner,
regardless of his state in life.
23. A conflict between Andres Bonifacio
and Daniel Tirona was formed after
Bonifacio won the Director of Interior
position
24. Bonifacio angrily whipped out his
pistol to fire at Tirona, but Ricarte
grabbed his hand and prevented what
might have been a tragic affair.
25. As people try to leave, Bonifacio
declared the results of the meeting
null and void, which ended the
Tejeros Convention.
26. Bonifacio sent a letter to Mariano
Alvarez expressing his despair for not
getting the Presidency which, for him,
must be given to him as the initiator
of the revolution. He also shared his
sentiments with his friend, Emilio
Jacinto.
Differences
between 2 accounts  The account was written by an  Agoncillo's Seeds of Discontent was
eyewitness who personally comprehensive since it started with a
experienced the event. detailed account of events before and
 It mainly focused on the election and beyond the convention to further
the delegation of the officials. supply and understand the sentiments
 lOMoARcPSD|16719823

 It was a detailed narration of the of Bonifacio presented in the later

exchange of different views between parts of the text.
each faction and how the election was  It was written based on other
conducted. accounts acquired from different
 Contains dialogues between the sources and not from personal
people involved in the conversations experience.
during the convention  Contains fewer conversations
 The account was brief, and it simply  It is wordy as most events were
narrates the story in the Tejeros described using flowery words and
Convention based on his memoirs and figures of speech.
actual experience.  The account emphasized Bonifacio's
 It is somehow bland due to the lack of emotions as it described what and
adjectives used to describe the how he thought about a particular
situation. situation as if he was the account's
 Contains limited expression of main character.
feelings aside from visible emotions  Teodoro Agoncillo focused more on
that led to certain happenings to the misunderstanding between the
another like anger two factions.
 He gave his interpretation of the
actions of Bonifacio and gave reasons
why he was angry that he did not win
the election.
lOMoARcPSD|16719823