2018 2nd Int. Conf.

on Innovations in Science, Engineering and Technology (ICISET)

27-28 October 2018, Chittagong, Bangladesh

An Internet of Things (IoT) based Smart Traffic

Management System: A Context of Bangladesh
Abdul Kadar Muhammad Masum Md. Kalim Amzad Chy Iaamanur Rahman
Department of Computer Science and Department of Computer Science and Department of Computer
Engineering Engineering Science and Engineering
International Islamic University Chittagong, International Islamic University International Islamic University
Bangladesh Chittagong, Bangladesh Chittagong, Bangladesh
[email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

Mohammad Nazim Uddin Khairul Islam Azam

Department of Computer Science and Engineering Department of Computer Science and Engineering
International Islamic University Chittagong, Bangladesh International Islamic University Chittagong, Bangladesh
[email protected] [email protected]

Abstract— With the fast growth of population, traffic sensor data. It sets the timing for traffic signal light by traffic
congestion monitoring and control has become a great challenge. management algorithm. Traffic density is visualised
Increasing vehicles creates lots of problem like time wastage, fuel graphically at Thingspeak by sending data through ESP8266
wastage, air and sound pollution, even death by getting stuck Wi-Fi module. In case of emergency vehicles like ambulance,
emergency vehicles. This paper proposes a real-time traffic
fire brigade, the system stops it’s as usual task and changes the
management system (TMS) using the Internet of Things (IoT)
and data analytics. Ultrasonic sensors are used to measure the signal as green until that emergency vehicle passes to that
traffic density. After analysing the sensor data, system controller intersection. In violation of traffic signal, it can detect the
sets traffic signal time by traffic management algorithm and also vehicle through RFID module and the system can charge fine,
sends data to a cloud server through a Wi-Fi module. The and a notification will send to that person through Traffic
proposed system can predict probable traffic congestion in the Wallet Mobile App.
intersection point. If an emergency vehicle is detected, it gives The prime objective of this paper is to develop a smart
priority, i.e. high signal duration to pass the intersection. In case traffic management system (TMS) using IoT. To the best of
of the signal violation, the system can identify the vehicle and our knowledge, smart traffic system is not implemented in
charge a fine that is paid through Traffic Wallet mobile app. This
Bangladesh yet. This whole approach will cost less than other
proposed system is cost-effective, very simple to install and easy
to maintain. approaches. Moreover, operating the proposed system is more
comfortable than other existing systems.
Keywords - Data Analytics; Internet of Things (IoT); smart The rest of this paper is structured as follows. Section II
traffic system; Sensors; Wi-Fi module deliberates the literature reviews. The architecture of the
proposed system is described in Section III while Section IV
I. INTRODUCTION describes the methodology of the system. An experimental
A recent statistic shows that 30% of the air pollution is result is presented on in Section V. Finally; the last section
caused by the fuel that is used in the vehicle. It has been includes the limitations, future directions and implications of
reported that congestion in the Dhaka – capital of Bangladesh the study.
eats up around TK 200 billion in a year [1]. Researchers also
II. LITERATURE REVIEW
stated that this traffic jam lost 32 lakh business hours per day
[2]. Centre for Economics and Business Research reported that The urban population is incredibly increasing in this
it would rise to nearly TK 300 billion by 2030 [2]. The modern era, and that affects everyday life very badly,
congestion for hours causes different severe types of pollution. especially in transportation. Cities like Delhi, Dhaka and many
Consequently, people are suffering from any kind of physical more developing countries are still using the traditional way of
and mental discomfort [3]. To get rid of this unwanted managing the vehicles for the intensely increasing population.
congestion, Bangladesh needs a system that will overcome the According to United Nations report, in 2018, about 55%
problems of the existing system. population of the world resides in an urban area that is
anticipated to be 68%, and increasing rate of Asia and Africa
So, a smart traffic system can be a solution to these closed to be 90% by 2050 [5]. For this growing urban
problems. Controlling the vehicle with the help of the population, an effective smart traffic congestion avoiding
traditional traffic light with the combination of the sensors and system is a crying need for managing the significant number
artificial intelligence is known as the smart traffic system [4]. of vehicles.
The proposed smart TMS measures traffic density by analysing

978-1-5386-8524-2/18/$31.00 ©2018 IEEE

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 The contemporary research stated that Japan, one of the classification algorithm namely Support Vector Machine
leading positions in the Intelligent Transportation System (SVM).
[ITS], uses two techniques to collect real-time data increasing
congestion control. One is embedding sensors in roadsides and If anyone violates the traffic signal, he will be identified by
another via smartphones[6]. Similarly, South Korea collects scanning RFID tag and rational fine will be imposed on him.
real-time traffic data by camera sensor equipped every 2-3 km Also, the system can locate either a vehicle licence and driver
and Vehicle Detection System (VDS). The data is stored at licence is expired or not and can take steps like rule violation.
their National Transport Information Center (NTIC) [6]. From a national database, the system will get all necessary
Singapore also uses probe vehicles to collect real-time information regarding that people. Fine will be paid through
information. They deliver the services to the commuters the mobile banking system. To implement this, we have
through vehicle devices or ACMS (Advanced Congestion developed a mobile app named “Traffic Wallet” where the
Management System) [6]. Moreover, Research and owner of the vehicle will be notified about his mobile banking
Innovative Technology Administration (RITA) wing of the transaction and many more. By analysing the sensors’ data,
United States deals with the traffic congestion avoiding micro-controller controls signals, processes and sends data to
system. They mainly concentrate on IntelliDrive, Telephonic the cloud server through the ESP8266 Wi-Fi module.
Data Dissemination, Congestion Initiative, Emergency
Transportation Operations and Clarus Initiative [7]. Likewise,
the United Kingdom uses MIRA that utilizes the self-healing
communications networks. It can confirm safeties of a very
complex system [8].
As a developing country, India, in some province, uses
MATLAB, KEIL (Microcontroller coding) based system and
surveillance camera to control traffic congestion [4]. The
system was cumbersome to install and costly so that some
province uses shortest route detections, IR sensors to measure
traffic density[9]. But, IR sensor is impacted by temperature
and humidity. Consequently, the result which was produced
by the IR sensor was not accurate. In Pakistan, traffic density
is measured using camera and sensors. Based upon the Fig. 1. System Architecture
sensors’ data, Pakistan controls the traffic signalling. They
also used a smoke sensor to detect the emergency situation, IV. METHODOLOGY
i.e. fire accident [10]. Camera sensor may be affected by rain Researchers have used several ways to detect traffic
and fog. Moreover, it’s not cost effective. In Nepal, wireless density consisting of different kind of sensors like surveillance
traffic data and CCTV live video are used in 35 traffic cameras, ultrasonic sensors, RFIDs, the light beam that have
junctions. The system can modify signal policies and reroute merits as well as demerits. Ultrasonic sensors and RFIDs are
drivers to prevent congestion [11]. suitable sources for our proposed system. The ultrasonic
sensor is most used sensor to identify the traffic density level
The research on smart traffic system is limited in the
in TMS [9]. It can calculate the distance up to 400 cm [13].
context of Bangladesh. Recently, closed-circuit cameras and
Here, Density is calculated by the following formulae:
car detection devices are used to handle the traffic congestion,
and the system can calculate the number of vehicles on the 3
road [12]. But, in rainy and foggy environment cameras can't ∑ (Pi) = Pi + Pi+1 + Pi+2 (1)
detect vehicle accurately. To the best of our knowledge, i=1
Bangladesh doesn’t have any holistic model to monitor and Where P is the pair of ultrasonic sensors. If the value of the
control the whole traffic system. This paper is the first attempt three pairs of sensors is high, that will be considered as high
to propose a smart traffic management model in the context of density, if two pairs are high and another pair is low, that will
Bangladesh. be medium and if one pair is high and another two pairs are
low that will be low density. The sensors continuously send
III. SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE data to the microcontroller to detect traffic density. So, a
The designed system, consists of IoT and wireless density-based and dynamic traffic signal timing is essential
technology, are equipped at roadsides to monitor traffic instead of manual traffic signalling process. For that reason,
density (Figure 1). To measure traffic density, a series of HC- traffic management algorithm was used. In rush interval, for
SR04 ultrasonic sensors were used which sends data to the high traffic density, a time scheduling formula is followed and
server through the ESP8266 Wi-Fi module. The system if not, then another time scheduling formula is developed that
dynamically sets the signal time based upon the density level is shown in the flow chart (Figure 3). Regression Tree
where time is measured by the traffic management algorithm Algorithm is used to calculate Rush interval time, a span of 30
[10]. Also, the system deals with emergency transports such as minutes. Here, α is the usual time that is pre-fixed, β is
fire brigade, ambulance etc. Sensors data is stored in cloud additional time in case of traffic jam, γ is extra time in case of
storage for further analysis. From those data, the system can rush interval closed to approach, X=0 and Ѳ=90. Also, in case
predict traffic density by using a machine learning of an emergency vehicle like an ambulance, fire brigade it will

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stop it’s as usual task and changes the signal as green until that 5) LEDs signal: LED's signals are used as a traffic
emergency vehicle passes to that intersection. Violating rule is signal
one of the most critical, and this system can detect the user light that is controlled by time scheduling algorithm shown in
through scanning RFID tag who break the rules. Also, the figure 2.
system can check to expire of a license. A proper amount of
fine will be imposed, and a notification will be sent to the B. Softwares:
owner through "Traffic Wallet". That fine will be paid through
the mobile banking system. All the data about traffic density, By analysing real-time traffic data, IoT analytics creates
date and time are sent to the cloud server for further IoT channels to plot real-time graphs. The uploaded code of the
analytics. To predict traffic density at an intersection point system is written in the Arduino language. ESP8266 Wi-Fi
machine learning algorithm named SVM is used. In figure 2, a module transfers sensors’ data to the server through micro-
block diagram of the system appears: controller. Server database stores sensors’ data for further
analysis. Uploaded system code is burnt through Arduino IDE
that is user reliable and easily understandable. Android studio
was used to develop Traffic Wallet mobile app.
C. Flowchart:
The flowchart of the working module is shown in figure 3.
The flowchart was followed to implement the proposed system.
D. System Design Implementation:
To describe our proposed system, a prototype was
Fig. 2. Block Diagram developed. All elements are tested before prototype
implementation. In this part, Arduino Mega 2560 is
In the Block diagram of the proposed framework, at the accommodated with HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensors, RFID
input side, Arduino Mega 2560 controller is accommodated module, LEDs signal and ESP8266 Wi-Fi module shown in
with ultrasonic sensors, RFID module and at output side figure 4.
ESP8266 Wi-Fi module to transfer data at cloud server, LEDs
as signal light.
The proposed system is classified into two main parts:
A. Hardwares: Following sections are used in our proposed
system:
1) Series of HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensors: Ultrasonic
Wave based, HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor’s head emits an
ultrasonic wave and receives the reflected wave from the
target. Measuring the taken time between the emission and
reception it measures the distance to the target. In this system,
HCSR04 ultrasonic sensors are used to measure traffic density
at roads. At 40 KHz frequency, it can detect vehicles at range
from 2cm to 400 cm [14].
2) Arduino Mega 2560 controller: The Arduino Mega
2560 is ATmega2560 based microcontroller that has 16
analogue inputs, 54 digital input/output pins, 4 UARTs, a 16
MHz crystal oscillator, an ICSP header, a USB connection, a
reset button and a power jack [15] which is useful for this
system.
3) RFID module: MF RC-522 based RFID module uses
Electromagnetic fields to automatically identify and track tags
attached to objects. It is a low-cost, small size and non-contact
card reader chip that is used in this system to detect a signal
violation person by scanning his RFID tag.
4) ESP8266 Wi-Fi module: TCP/IP protocol based
ESP8266 Wi-Fi Module has a powerful enough processing
capability that allows it to be integrated with the sensors with
minimal loading during runtime. In this system, it is used to
transfer real-time data at the server side [16].
Fig. 3: Flow Diagram

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 Fig. 7: Interface of Law Enforcement Authority

Fig. 4: Proposed system prototype

V. EXPERIMENTS AND RESULTS

Ultrasonic sensors based real-time traffic monitoring
system can measure traffic density at roads. When the
frequency is high, that route is in green signal, and a low
dense route is in red signal. The system can also detect rule
violation user and check the licence is expired or not. For such
kind of guilty person, the system can take steps automatically
by imposing fine. The system sent and store the data at a cloud
server for further analytics. To show the authorities statistical
data graphically, a web interface is also developed. An Fig. 8: Notification after Fine
authorized person can access those data from anywhere
through internet. The real-time results of traffic density at
roads is shown in Figure 5 and Figure 6. Traffic Wallet VI. CONCLUSION
Mobile app interface is shown in figure 7 and figure 8.
Traditional system has many limitations to manage present
increased traffic effectively. This paper proposed a smart TMS
to control traffic situation more effectively and efficiently. By
analysing sensor data, it sets traffic signal time dynamically
and sends the data to a cloud server through a Wi-Fi module
that is stored for further data analytics. It also deals with
emergency vehicle and in case of traffic signal violation can
detect and charge a fine that is paid through Traffic Wallet
mobile app. This is a unique concept in perspective of
developing countries especially Bangladesh. The whole
system is very cost effective than existing system in
developing countries. But, the security should be ensured for
sensors as these are equipped at roadsides. For further
Fig. 5: Firs Lane Traffic Level research, some features can be initiated to handle Bigdata by
Hadoop HDFS, MapReduce as day by day server data will be
massive. The government can equip this proposed system
immediately to change the current terrible scenario of the
traffic congestion of Bangladesh.
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