CHEMICAL PROCESS TECUNOLOGY Il330503)

CALCULATION:
TitrationI:Standardisation of Potassium hydroxide
Burctte solution: KOH
Pipette solution :0.1 NOxalic acid
Indicator: Phenolphthalein
End poin: Appearance of pink colour

Volume of oxalic acid (V)=__20 m

Normality of oxalic acid (NI) = 01 N
Volume of KOH consumed (V2) =__L2 16.2
Normality of KOH consumed (N2) = VI* NI /V2

Normality of KOH (N2) = _O.12 34 N

Titration II: Estimation of acidvalue

Burette solution KOH
Pipettesclution: Oil + 50 ml of neutralized atcohol

IndicatorPhenolphthalein
End point:Appearance of pink colour

Acid value =(Volume of KOH (lit) x Normality of KOH x Eq. Wx 1000) = 0,ol62D.12341 2o.g Alo
Weight of Oil sample (gm)
50

Acid Value =
0 ,0335
 (3340503)
CHEMICAL PROCESS TECHNOLOGY II

EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE
. Weigh 5gm of oil and transfer it into 250 ml conical flask.
2. Add 50 ml of neutralized alcohol solution to the oil solution.
3. Heat this mixture for 10 minutes by using the heater.
Take the solution after 10 minutes and add I or 2 drops of phenolphthalein indicator
5. Titrate this
against the KOH solution from the burette.
6. The appearance of pink color indicates the end
point.

RESULT
The acid value
of the given oil sample was found to be O.0335
CHEMICAL PROCESS TECHINOLOGY II (3340503B)

QUIZ;

. What is Acid Value?

Cous tnc in nilas
niligaanng at
+e
potrssium-hlaoude
Acel value is the mass oi substances
gham
od chemical
one
is aequihed to ne 4thahze

Write thc importance of Acid

Valuc?
an estimate o1
datlyacid to prowidle
AV is used onlam
onl cloe Av
to -he AV
fon Aty acids is veiy
SV. The AV
about 2
poi lower than fhe SY.
Usua Auns

is used? CL a
3. Why Phenolphthalein perforned using
itsationL is
base
AAstsona acid -stvon betveen
indicaton, phemalphthakin ph rage between
phenolphthenlein and
appea
basic pink in sol dfon
8.3 4o l0 . 1f wi
acidic Solufi'ons
Cleas in
 CHEMICAL PROCESS TECHNOLOGY II (334O50.3)

CALCULATION:
Titration I:-Standardisation of Sodiun thiosulphate:
Burctte solution Sodium thiosulphate
Pipette solution Potassium dichromate
Additional solution :l test ube of dil HSO4 solution
Indicator: Starch
Endpoint:Disappearance of blue color
Volume of K:Cr20; ( V)= 20 m
Normality of K,Cr,O, (NI)= o .N
Volume of sodium thiosulphate solution (V2) = 1 4 , 4

(VI N1)/ V2
Normality ofsodium thiosulphate soluion ( N2) x
=

= C200.)14.4

= O.li

Titration I:-Estimation of lodinevalue:

Burette solution Std. Sodium thiosulphate solution
chlorofom
iodineflask solution 0.5gm oil sample+10ml
10 ml of KI (!5%)+ 50 ml of water
Additional soBution: 25 ml of Wij's solution
+

Indicator: Starch

End point: Disappearance of blue color

lodine value =(Vl=V2)x N2 x Equivalent weight oflodine x 100
Wx 10000

y o.|t4g435.6+ 1oo
(20-11. u)
0.5 ooo

Where. 2.13
VI = Volume of thiosulphate required by blank.ml
N2 Normality ofthiosulphate
V2= Volume ofthiosulphate required by sample.ml
W Weight of the sample

lodine value = 2 . l 3

n n i n T U T T CRGANDIHINAGAR
Page 8 |8
 TECINOLOGY II (3340503)
CHEMICAL PROCESS

PROCEDURE;
Thiosulphate Solution:
Standardisation of Sodium conical
tkas.
a clean
solution into it
dichromate flask and put
the conical
ipette
out 20 ml of 0.1N potassium of 15% KI
solution to
and 10 ml
Add I test tube of dilute HCl

into dark room for 5 minutes. into pale yellow

until it turned
thiosulphate from the burette
. itrate against thiosulphate
solution.

and titrate against

*AddT ml of starch indicator
blue color.
5. End point is disappearance of

EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE:
lodine flask.
I. Weigh 0.5 gm of oil and transfer into slightly and cool
for 10 minutes
then

CCI4 and warm

Add 10 ml of chloroform or lask and
flask and
vigorously.
shake vigorousiy.
solution in the same
Add 25 ml of Wij's
for half an hour in dark place.
Then allow the flask to stand

3. Add 10 ml of KI solution. 50 ml distilled water

and after that
Rinse the stopper and the
sides of the flask using
4. solution untii the
0.1 N Sodium thiosulphate
titrate the solution against
color.
appearance of yellow solution
titrate against the sodium thiosulphte
5. Add l ml of starch indicator and again
from the burette.
6. Disappearance of blue color
indicates end point.
and note the corresponding
7. Repeat the above procedure
without taking sample (i.e. Oil)
reading for blank titration.

RESULT:
The iodine value of the given oil sample was found to be =_213
CHEMICAL PROCESS TECHNOLOGY II (3340503)

QUIZ:

1 Defne lodine numbe.

The Iocine is deined asthe mumber os gams
umbe o
o

iodine which wi1) adel 1oo ams o1 fat 0% oil.

2 How to prepare Wij's Solution?

Dissove sepanate +.5 m o3 AR iodine-tetachloide and 8.5 gm
oo esublimed iodine in glacial acehic acid by waninom awater
loath. Mi thwo soluton amd dihte to 1 lite with alacial aceic arid
in Cold.
3. How lodine nunmber expressed?
Tocine akte is espressed in ghams ot odine auosambed b
loo ms o oi o fat,
 CHEMICAL PROCESS TECHNOLOGY II (330503)

QUIZ:

of SO.
1. Write down the function
5 0S02
2 s used im Phepuation o1 sulwic acid. Sulfen tioside
CAn suHites , sulter djoide also is Sed as a distinfac ted
Cwretrigant, a neabucing gent.a bleach and food phesevakion.
2. What is Gluten?
Ghuten is a houp ot seed stosage prsteins foud in cerin hains,

3. Write down the sources of Starch.

laneal ghains, incndiry coxm, whent , sice zhain, 50yhum aandots
ndots
Leguns,
To0ts o tubens, rchding potato , Sweet patato anow hoot
and fhe toopical cassaVa plant
 CHEMICAI PROCESS
TECHNOLOGY II
(3340503)
Combination of
expcller
quality and
only 18-19% and solvent
of
poor extraction methods
grade oil. yield over 80%
good

QUIZ:
1. Define Oil.

Amy o
mmehous umetuous
0 an be unctuous Combusie
combstie substantes
Substances hat we
mot in liquefied easily on
On wami
wahMi na,ane cure liuid
liquid
warer, and leave a an ng, ane soluble in eithe
but
easy stain on PYpeh o
papeh dst
døtk.
2. Which
solvent is used for oil
extraction?
T F high oil contert seeds
such as cothoseel and suiflowe Seed
oth eHpaession and
smit lowe seed
etracHon 5ahe used for
igther seed
Seed
ield
 CHEMICAL PROCESS TLCIINOLOGY II
(3320503

CALCULATION:
The concentration of glycerol was ealculated as percentage of glycerol in the crude glycerin
using the itration value according to equation as reported by
Ca - I( Vs- Vb ) Ws 0.92

where
Ca is the percentage concentration of glycerol.
Vs is the volume of 0.1 M NaOH added to the sample.
Vb is the volume of 0.1M NaOH added to the blank and
Ws is the weight of sample.

Perccntage impurities in the sample were determined by pouring the whole sample into
a measuring cylinder and allowing it to settle for lh. The percentage impurity was calculated
from the equation (2) as reported by
6 Impurity = ( Level o fimpurity in cylinder /Total volume o fsample) * 100

Ca = Vs - Vb O. 92

4.3 -11.2 0. 92

Ca o. I1o4

Tpuri Level o impuni in cyide loo

Ttalolume o pe

= x loo

Irmpid 12
 TLCINOLOGY
I1R10504)
CUEMICAL PROCTSS

sae unC
with 50 m water al the HCI n
Dink
( C o n t o l sample) was se
up
ycllow
colour. O.1M
obtain
a d d e d to
d indicaler (10 drops) was

the contents of the lask.

W.S ddcd to neutralize
chamber.
the
lefi to stand for 20
minutes in a dark
the end
point takn
The sample was
to pink colour
as
NaOU
then itrated with 0.1 M
* Wias
blnk sample first

RESULTS:

QUIZ:
I. What is saponification value?
wnumbo o nt o
izrant
ponification vahue hephesent
-he
Potassium ndhovide -equi ned
t saponitt 0ne h4m
fatunderthe Condihiong pecily
of saponification value?
2. Write down the importance
the thy aliods
The igher the saponiticatton Nalue, fhe lower
the mean molecnla weight 4
average lergkt the kgher
a nd Vte-veASa, practically tats
os oi ls with
oiguau
hiph sapo n-ication valwe ahe mone guitable to Scap
makina
 CUEMICAL PROCESS TECINOLOGY II (3340503)

OBSERVATIONS:
Burette Silver Nitrate
Pipette 20 ml water sample
3. Indicator Potassium Chromate
4. End Point Appcarance of Brick Red Colour

OBSERVATION TABLE
Volume of Burette Reading Volume of used
Sample No Sample taken Intial (ml) Final (ml)
(ml)
(m)
20 0.0 16.3
6.
20 0.0 /3
Blank 20 0.0
16.1
CALCULATION
Volume of Samp!e taken 20ml
Normality of Silver Nitrate used = 0.028 N
Volume of Silver Nitrate used (Vs)
=
Volume of Silver Nitrate used for blank
t5ml
(Vb)

Equivalent weight of Chlorine 35.45

Chlorides (Vs- Vb) *

=
N* 35.45
1000
Volume of Sample taken

=
(t.5- I6.3)%0. 023135.45
looo
20

4.44 mg/it
 CEMICALPROLSS TLCINOLOGY I13340503)

RESULT:
The cloine content in iven sea water sample is. .4mg/

QUIZ
. How to make IN Nacl solution?

Lquipmeut nass Noh mality Voha me o1 subs tance

Joo D

58.5 N410O N -
D.S85 m.
00 OX to
2. Write down the formula of silver nitrate and find out its molecular weight.
Formla o
Moleeda weight = 104.84 I 4 (& C3)
 CHEMICAL PROCESS
TECHNOLOGY I1(3340503)
The pulp liquor
of steam which
is
passed through the valve
passes overhcad with blow tank where heat
to
The is removed in the
undigested chips are turpentinc vapor to the chip
removed by using
o
The pulp is
separated sereens. prcheater
from black
The pulp which is obtaincd liquor by using filters.
such as
chlorine, hydrogen finally is sent to bleaching plants where he
pulp peroxide(H O) are used to removed the bleaching agent
The chloine unwanted co
is
gas having some disadvantages so
mainly hydrogen perOXIdC s
ua

QUIZ
1. Write down the methods
of Pulping.
Mechanical pump
Thenmome chanical pu mp, chei tal
AHcmaive pupmg method purp

2. What is white
liquor?
white ligeu is a
stooal alkaline soldion maino3
mainly o3 sodium
sodiun
hydrozide and sodun sulhde
3. Write down the
cooking condition for kraft process.
Khaft phocess Ppi ng cookin at elevatesl temf. od the
chipred wood in alkaline sulade tollawed bya
blenching etep
 TECINOLOGY II (330503)
CHEMICAL PROCESS

OBSERVATION:

Weight ofthe empty erucible =a gm. =3.5 gmn

Weight ofa lid = b gm.= 1. 5 m
= 2 3n
Weight of the crucible with the sample = c gm.
Weight of t h e cucible after heating up to 110" C. = d gm. = o 8 gm

Weight of t h e c i c i b l e after he ating up to 900" C. e gm. = G . 5 m

Weight ofthe cucible after heating up to 815" C. = I gm. = 6 . 4 g m

CALCULATION:
Weight of cucible with sample and the lid = a+b+c gm. = w gm.
3.5+1.5+ 2 = 70GM.
Weight of moisture gone out = (w-d) gm. = q-6.3

= O.2 M

Weight of the volatile matter gone out = (d-c) gm. = G-3 -o 5 0.3

Weight of the ash remaining after the final heating =f-(a+b) gm. =G.u -a.5)H1.5)
=1.4
Moisture fraction in the sample =
(w-d)/c = x* 100= 1o o01o
Volatile Matter fraction in the sample = (d-e)Vc =y* 100 = O3 2lo o = 15

Ash fraction in the sample = (f-a+b))/c =z* 100 = ' 100 1 0

Fixed carbon fraction in the sample = (1- (x+y+z) )* 100 = 1 0,95

 CHEMICAL PROCE SS TECINO1.OGY I(31050)

PROCEDURE
First small pieces
of coal were cnusheed anl ate passeed thureisgh 20) trst i/e
From the under low of the sicve,
ccuratcly weihed grn f
satrtole
lid is wcighed and total
weight is noted
ttu tiu SEAA
Moisture Content
Crucible is kept in furnace and
1emp. in the urnCe ral
1uo 1/ 59 t 1
moisture. p1 e
Now the crucible is taken out carefully and is kept in the deuattn
down up to room temp. Thcn wholc cnucible is weighcd A, v, 1
again ard uesght y ueA
The weighed crucible is kept again in the furnace
Volatile Matter
Now. temp. in the fumace is raised up to 900 " C. and ternp. kept uaVan trn nisate
to remove the volatile matter.

Crucible is taken out and is kept in the deccicator to Cl dWs

is
up rss terry rshe
again weighed and note down the weight.
Ash content
Lid over the crucible
is removed and is heated from 500' C.
t 15 "C. fur 1 hr

Again the crucible is kept in the deccicator to cool down up to r o n tnp

This erucible is weighed and weight is noted

RESULTI:
Proximate analysis of the gíven coal sample
Moisture percent = 1
Velatile Matter percent 15b
=

Ash percent =
Fo
Fixed Carbon percent= 5
 CHEMICAL PROCESS
TECHNOLOGY II 3340503)

QUIZ:
I. What is
proximate analysis of coal?
Poxinate analysis is foTwally
methods and is a dei ned b ap 3o3 astm
g4p test a

tived cobon and essay of the mnoi stuhe, volatile mee

moistue, maO
Content is ash eontent ot a coall sample. The
determimal adterit was been ated fo t1o
mo9stwre
11oc nder atm
ndeh
2. What is
ultimate analysis of coal?
Coal is Compsed Paimahil
niHes o othea elemends, chief cahbon along wrth vohicuble
nitrgen, ulimade anulysis is all hydrggen sulfwe, oro, ,

anakysis + is the methoc to hnown as elemenhl

de termi ne the canbon
content Present in solid , hydnoj
hydnaj enen huel
 CHEMICAL PROCESs TECHNOLOGY
II (3340503)

OBSERVATION
toC
Temperature at which the first drop of condensate received =

volume of distillate collected = 1 5

Density of ethanol = =O: 133 3m/

CALCULATION
Amount of ethanol collected = Volume X Density
1 6 0.139

= 1 0 8 Kg
 CHEMICAL PROCESS
TECHNOLOGY II
(3340503)
RESULT:
Amount of ethanol
Collected =

I1.8

QUIZ
1.
Define Fementation. List out its type.
Fesmentation is 4
meabolic Phocess in which
activty
cSyeates adesihable
chage
which micho
miCho ganisms
ani SmS
its nch osr in Sood ad
food and beveges
beveges, whetho
lovow,
aceHc acid Senmantakion. Platic atid ehmedati o Ethanol whetho
,

Swoadio,

2.
2. Which products are produce by Aercbic Fermentation?
Many cabihee -positrje eust speries ane seal fon thein
fermanblion akili industnial process in the
fn
Phsouthon o3 wine, been , sake i ba ead and bbetbano
 CHEMICAL PROCESS TECHNOLOGY l (3340503)

QUIZ
1.Define stress.
Meas whment 3 sthess ebxadton a ambiend on eleked
ferperaues

2.Define Strain.
A nop * persumal i t h aen-cut
Common a ncestp
physiolagical brut sua not nopholgi cal DsklWations,

3.Define Creep and Fatigue.

along the ound other Sudaces by meunt

Ceep now en

o es fenlrg s taeu ms o baanches

Faigue weakness in metal o other mat enials cased. ba

Yepeateel
peateel vaiaHor ot sthes

asphin

GANDHINAGAR
Page 57157
DEPARTMENT. GP
CIIEMICAL ENGINEERING
 CHEMICAL PROCESS TECHNOLOGY
IIG340503

OBSERVATION:
Weight of Salicylic Acid is taken =W3 = gm
Weight of Acctic Anhydride is taken =W4= m.

CALCULATION:
Theoretical Y'ield of aspirin
For I gmol
COOH
COOH
OH
[HSO) OCOCH
+(CHCO );0

119 gm. 102 gm. 178 gm.

119 gm. of Salicylic Acid is
yielding 178 gm. of Aspirin
While W3 gm. of Salicylic Acid is yielding (W3 * 178)119 =
gm ot Aspirin
Theoretical Yield.=4.u3_

Percentage Yield = Practical Yield / Theoretical Yield * 100

G. 1o o
4.u
=
%6 .8 %
 CHEMIC AL PROUTSS T1CINOLOG) 11 0s0)
5 ml of Disilled
Water is added in ask and is shaken igorousiy
he wole content is filtered throngh Buchner funnel and is dried. It is crystallZcd the
mINture of cqual
propomon of Acetic Acid and Distilled Water mixture
The erystallizedmateial is dricd and is wcighed
1matenal is noted as WI
accurately. The we

RESULT:
Percentagc Yicld of Aspinin 36.CoI

QUIZ
1.Write down the classification
of phamaceuticals
Phasnacetiaals classifiation in vahi0w otheh Oufs
ae
besides +hein osigin on the basic 0
phofe-des like made of action and theisphama cendicas
attion o acivita, such phahma cologica
system atfededl oh he a b chemital pns peh hes, biolagital
rape utio.
2.Write down the reaction involved in manufactuing of Aspirin. 0

oH+HCc
OH
Ssalicgyhe acid acetic anhgide acetic acicl

CeuM3) aceylsa iclin

aciol
CcgH Oa
",O
 II(33-4050.3
TECINOLOGY

PROCESS
CHEMICAL

ml
taken
O B S E R V A T I O N S

p - a m i n o p h e n o l 2 drops
I.
Amount
of taken

of acctic
anhydride
220
Amount added
2. acid
phosphoric
Amount
of

C A L C U L A T I O N S :

109.1g/mol
Theoretical Yield
102.1 g/mol
Molar mass of p - a m i n o p h e n o l
anhydride 151.169 g/mol mass

Molar mass of acetic taken

/molar

p - a m i n o p h e n o l

Molar mass of A c e t a m i n o p h e n mass

of

Moles of p-aminophenol g/(109.lg/mol)

mass
mol taken/molar

anhydride
mass of acetic
Moles ofacetic anhydride
=1. 5 g/ (102.1 g/mol)
acetie
- 1 3 mol and
p-aminophenol
mole of
w e know
that for every
the balanced chemical equation
From
is u s e d up
mole of acetaminophen is produced. p-aminophenol
acid o n e
than p-aminophenol.
m o r e moles of
acetic anhydride is in e x c e s s
and p-
Since there a r e acetic anhydride
conclude that
We can
first as the reaction proceeds.

aminophenol is the limiting reagent.

= no. of acetaminophen produced
Therefore, no. moles of p-aminophenol

Finding the Theoretical Yield. x molar mass of

be produced
moles of acetaminophen that
can
Theoretical Yield
acetaminophen
= o. 013 mol x lSI.IG9 g/mol
1.965
Hence. 109 gm ofp-aminophenol gives 151.609 gm of Acetaminophen
1.5 gm of salicylic acid gives gm of Acetaminophen

Grams of Acetaminophen obtained

SxL.94s
E
2.94 gm
 CHEMICAL PROCESS TECHNOLOGY II (3340503)

Practical Yield
Weight of Acetaminophen obtained on drying :1.12-gm
%yield of Acetanminophen
X 100
% yield Practical Yield
Theoretical Yield

.g4
= 32.69

Melting point
Melting point of Acetaminophen as obtaincd 1 6 3 °C
 CHEMICAL PROCESS TECHNOLOGY II (3340503)

RESULTS:
Theoretical yield of acetaminophen
2-94 gm
Experinental yield of acetaminophen
:1.12
% yield of acetaminophen prepared 32to
Melting point ofacctamunophen prepared

QUIZ
1. Define
Limiting reactant
The
The substance that contsols thqmeauttity ot product
then can fon im chemical
CL reacion

Write down the

properties of paracetamol. acet noph en
fasacetamol has
leasic and qntipyehic operhies
ana
Bt it has no
wesul anti
aacetamo effects ahe haugt inflamatoh Pp Topenties
Tapentes
inhibition of, po5 tag lanain to be relateal to
eal olbsoh bed Joom Synthebic Pahacetamo is
the zetaoin tegstral thae