MAT 112:

BUSINESS MATHEMATICS
CHAPTER 1:
REVIEW ON ALGEBRA
PREPARED BY:
RUMAIZAH BINTI CHE MD NOR
OCTOBER 2022 – FEBRUARY 2023
 CHAPTER OUTLINE

REVIEW ON ALGEBRA

LINEAR
DECIMALS FRACTIONS PERCENTAGE
EQUATIONS
DECIMAL
 DECIMAL
- Any number written using a decimal point.

Decimal fractions: fractions with

denominators of 10, 100, 1000, 10000 and so
on written as decimals.

Decimal point: placed between the digits.

Decimal places: the number digits after the

decimal point.
 ROUNDING OFF DECIMALS

Rules:
1. If the second digit after the decimal point is greater than or
equal to 5, the first digit after the decimal point will be increased
by 1.
2. If the second digit after the decimal point is less than 5, then the
first digit after the decimal point will remain the same.

Rounding a number to two decimal

Rounding a number to one decimal place
places
- Only have one digit after the decimal
- There must be two digits after the
points.
decimal digits.
 EXAMPLE
Round each of the following numbers to the specified places.
a) 9408.1714
i. 1 decimal place
ii. 2 decimal place
iii. 3 decimal place
iv. 4 decimal place
b) 0.2188
i. 1 decimal place
ii. 2 decimal place
iii. 3 decimal place
iv. 4 decimal place
c) 8.3553
i. 1 decimal place
ii. 2 decimal place
iii. 3 decimal place
iv. 4 decimal place
d) 0.00435
i. 1 decimal place
ii. 2 decimal place
iii. 3 decimal place
iv. 4 decimal place
FRACTION
 FRACTION
!
The numbers in the form " where 𝑎 and 𝑏 are integers and 𝑏 ≠ 0.
Types of fractions:

Proper fractions
The numerator is always less than the denominator. Hence, the value for this
fraction must less than one.

Improper fractions
The numerator is always equal to or greater than the denominator. Hence,
the value for this fraction is equal or greater than one.

Mixed fractions
Is made up of a whole number and a proper fraction
 EXAMPLE:
STEPS:
Add the following fractions:
1. Make sure the bottom
2 3
numbers (the denominators) are a) + =
7 7
OPERATIONS OF FRACTIONS: the same. 1 3
b) + =
Adding fractions 2. Add the top numbers (the 4 8
numerators), put the answer c)
5
+
1
=
over the denominator 12 8
2 5 1
3. Simply the answer. (if needed). d)
9
+
12
+
36
=
 EXAMPLE:
Subtract the following fractions:
STEPS:
1. Make sure the bottom 5 1
a) - =
numbers (the denominators) are 12 12
OPERATIONS OF
the same. 9 3
FRACTIONS: b) - =
2. Subtract the top numbers (the 10 5
Subtracting numerators), put the answer
fractions 2 3
over the denominator. c) 1 - =
3 4
3. Simplify the fraction (if 1 3
needed). d) 2 - 1 =
2 8
2 3 1
e) - - =
3 8 12
 EXAMPLE:
Multiply these fractions:

STEPS: a)
3
´
2
=
1. Multiply the top numbers (the 10 3
OPERATIONS OF 3
FRACTIONS: numerators). b) 2 ´3 =
2. Multiply the bottom numbers 4
Multiplying fractions 1 7
(the denominators). c) 2 ´ -1 =
8 9
3. Simplify the fraction (if needed).
2 7
d) 3 ´ 2 =
3 10
2 7
e) -2 ´ -1 =
3 12
 EXAMPLE:
Perform the following divisions.
STEPS:
1. Turn the second fraction (the 1 1
a) ÷ =
OPERATIONS OF one you want to divide by) 12 4
FRACTIONS: upside-down (reciprocal).
2 6
Dividing fractions 2. Multiply the first fraction by b) ÷2 =
that reciprocal. 3 7
3. Simplify the fraction (if 8 5
needed). c) ÷ =
9 12
15 5
d) ÷ =
4 9
PERCENTAGE
 PERCENTAGE (%)

x% means x per one Commonly used in Can be used to

hundred that is a mathematics write fractional
percentage is a involving real life numbers and decimal
fractional number problems such as: numbers.
with its denominator
equal to 100.

Percentage of increase rate Percentage of decrease Percentage of total gross pro7it Percentage of total lost rate
amount of increase amount of decrease total gross pro7it total lost
= x 100% = x 100% = x 100% = x 100%
original amount original amount cost price/original price cost price
 FRACTIONS, DECIMALS AND PERCENTAGES
Fraction Decimal Percentage
Fraction Steps: Multiply the
1. Convert mix fraction to given fraction
improper fraction. by 100%.
i. Multiply the whole
part by the
numerator.
ii. Sum this product
with the numerator
of the fractional
part.
2. Divide the numerator by
the denominator
Decimal Steps: Multiply the
1. Write the decimal as a given decimal
decimal fraction by by 100%.
putting the denominator
as 1.
2. Multiply the numerator
and denominator with 10n
(n = no. of decimal
places)
3. Simplify or reduce the
fraction to its lowest
form.
Percentage • Change percent to a • Divide the given percentage
fraction with a by 100.
denominator of 100.
• Reduce to lowest terms.
 EXAMPLE
Complete the table below.

Fraction Decimal Percentage %

3
2 237.5
8
2954
3
50
1.35 135

135.25
23
2.3%
1000
0.25
9
3 3.36
25
 EXAMPLE
Complete the table below.

Fraction Decimal Percentage %

1.1
2
5 5.4
5
9
0.0225
400
200

12.0
3
1.5
200
5.805 580.5
 EXAMPLE
1. Determine the percentage of 4.8km out of 6000m.
 EXAMPLE
2. Fill in the blanks.

a) 2500g is 51.3% of ________________kg.

b) 122 is _______________% of 200.
 EXAMPLE
3. Fill in the blanks.

0.21875 km is ______________% of 1750m.

 EXAMPLE
4. There are 600 students in a school where 46% of the students are boys. If 25% of the girl like to watch
movies, calculate how many of them.
 EXAMPLE
5. Fill in the blanks.

150 minutes is 62.5% of ______________ hours.

 EXAMPLE
6. Fill in the blanks.

40% of ______________ meter is 120 centimeter.

 EXAMPLE
7. Fill in the blanks.

______________ minutes is 75% of 120 minutes.

 EXAMPLE
8. Fill in the blanks.

5.868 km is ______________% of 9000 m.

 EXAMPLE
9. Fill in the blanks.

2275 g is ______________% of 6.5kg.

 EXAMPLE
10. Fill in the blanks.

a) 6% of ________________ is 4.95.

b) 300 m is _______________% of 6 km.

 EXAMPLE
11. A netball team wins 15 games this year. In the previous year, the team won 10 games. Determine the
percentage of increase or decrease in the winning.
 EXAMPLE
12. The price for a set of furniture after 15% discount is RM5550. What is the original price of the
furniture set?
 EXAMPLE
13. The price of a mini chopper in an online shop two weeks ago was RM120. Today, the price is RM95.50.
Find the percentage of discount given.
 EXAMPLE
14. Isobel bought a box of candies. The price for one box after 10% discount was RM9.45. Find the original
price.
 EXAMPLE
15. Suriani saved RM4,000 in 2016. This amount is 25% higher than her previous year saving. Find Suriani’s
saving in 2015.
 EXAMPLE
16. A high school basketball team had won 17 games this year. Last year, the team won 20 games.
Determine the percentage increase or decrease in winning.
 EXAMPLE
17. Julia bought 50 apples and gave 20% of the apples to her neighbor. How many apples left?
 EXAMPLE
18. The price of a house in 2015 was RM185,000. However, the price had increased to RM265,000 in 2016.
Calculate the percentage of increment.
 EXAMPLE
19. Over a period of 18 months, a population of cats will increase in number by 45%. If there are originally
300 cats in the population, how many cats are there at the end of the period?
 EXAMPLE
20. Qayyum bought a pair of shoes for RM265. The price includes GST of 6%. Calculate the original price
without GST.
 EXAMPLE
21. 25% of fruits in a box are oranges. If there are 125 oranges, what is the total number of fruits in the
box?
 EXAMPLE
22. After a 60% discount, Johan sold his watch at RM3,840. Calculate the original price of the watch.
 EXAMPLE
23. The price of a printer after 10% discount is RM60.30.What is the original price for printer?
 EXAMPLE
24. Mawar has just received an electricity bill of RM567.91. This is 33.5% more than her previous bill. How
much was Mawar’s previous bill.
 General form of the linear
LINEAR EQUATIONS equation with two To solve the equation:
variables:

Simplify each side of the equation (if needed) by

distributing or combining like terms.

Move variables to one side of the equation by using

Ax + By + C = 0 the opposite operation of addition or subtraction.
A linear equation is an
equation that describes A, B and C are
a straight line on a coefficients (number) Isolate the variable by applying the opposite
graph. operation to each side.
1. Opposite operation of addition or subtaction.
x and y are variables.
2. Oppsite operation of multiplication or division

Check your answer.

 EXAMPLE
25. Solve for k.

3
(8 - 4k) = 2k - 9
4
 EXAMPLE
26. Solve the equation.

3 y
(8 - 4y) =
4 2
 EXAMPLE
27. Solve for m.
1 1 - m
=
2 6m - 1
 EXAMPLE
28. Solve the equation.
2 + 5y
2 =
3- y
 EXAMPLE
29. Solve the equation.

12x
1.5(9x - 3) = + 28.8
5
 EXAMPLE
30. Solve the equation.

1 - 5(y + 4)
3y - 4 =
2
 EXAMPLE
31. Solve the equation.

7 - (x + 2) = 9 - 4(2x - 1)
 EXAMPLE
32. Solve the equation.

4(2y - 3)
- 6 = 4y - 13
5
 EXAMPLE
33. Solve the equation.

2
(15 - 25y) + 17 = 2y - 13
5