WATER MANAGEMENT 2017 PASTPAPER QUESTIONS

2 The graph shows the sources of water used by a developed country. (a) Complete the divided
bar graph for domestic use using the following information and the key. groundwater 20%
surface water 50% water from desalination 30%

(b) Name two surface water stores.

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(c) Describe one method of extracting groundwater.
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(d) (i) State what is meant by the term desalination.
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(ii) Suggest reasons why very few countries use desalination to provide drinking water.
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2 The diagram shows different methods of obtaining fresh water.

(a) (i) Match the letters, A to E, in the diagram to the methods of obtaining fresh water.
cloud seeding ......................
dam ......................
rainwater harvesting ......................
stand-pipe ......................
well ...................... [3]
(ii) Suggest why desalination is used to supply fresh water in some countries but not in other
countries.
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(b) (i) Explain why access to safe water and sanitation is often limited in rural areas of
developing countries.
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(ii) Explain why it is important for developing countries to improve access to safe water and
sanitation.
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(d) The fact sheet shows information about the Mekong River in Southeast Asia.
(i) State the direction of flow of the Mekong River.
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(ii) State the number of completed dams and the country in which they are located.
number of completed dams ....................................................
country .................................................... [2]

(iii) Describe the distribution of proposed dams along the Mekong River.
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(iv) Explain how the construction of dams on the Mekong River might affect farmers and
fishermen. farmers
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fishermen ..........................................................................................................................
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(v) Suggest economic reasons why so many hydro-electric dams are being built on this river.
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(e) ‘The availability of fresh water will always be a problem for some countries.’ How far do you
agree with this statement? Give reasons for your answer.
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(e) Most of the water used in Egypt is supplied by canals from the River Nile. The water from the
canals is tested regularly and a water quality index is calculated. The average value for the
water quality index can be used to classify the water quality in a canal as excellent, good, fair,
marginal or poor.

Some results for the average water quality index for eleven canals, labelled A to K, are shown
on the graph. The average water quality index required for each classification is shown.
(i) Complete the table using information from the graph.

The table below shows measurements taken from other canals, P to U

(ii) Suggest which canal, P to U, from the table is likely to have the lowest water quality. Give
reasons for your answer.
canal .....................................
reasons ..............................................................................................................................
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(iii) State which canal, P to U, from the table is the best source of drinking water. Give a reason
for your answer.
canal .....................................
reason ................................................................................................................................
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(iv) State which canal, P to U, from the table is most polluted by industrial wastes. Give a reason
for your answer.
canal .....................................
reason ................................................................................................................................
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(v) Suggest why the biological oxygen demand is highest in canal R.

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5 The diagram shows processes in the water cycle.

(a) (i) State the letter which represents the uptake of water into plants.
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(ii) Name processes shown by letters B, C and D.

B ..................................................
C ..................................................
D .................................................. [2]

(iii) Explain how human activity may lead to an increase in process F.

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The divided bar graph shows the use of fresh water in the world and in some regions of the
world.
(b) (i) Complete the divided bar graph for North America, using the information in the table and
key.

(ii) Complete the paragraph using information from the divided bar graph. The region which
uses the greatest percentage of fresh water for agriculture is
...................................................................... . The region which has the lowest domestic use is
...................................................................... . For industry, the percentage used by North
America is .................................................................. times as much as the world percentage.
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2 In 2015 a United Nations report stated that: ‘Since 1990 2.1 billion people have gained access
to improved sanitation. But 2.4 billion are still using unimproved sanitation facilities.’ At the time
of this report, the world population was 7 billion.

(iii) Explain why access to clean fresh water is better in urban areas than it is in rural areas in
some countries.
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(b) (i) Circle one disease that is carried to humans by a vector. [1]
bilharzia cholera malaria typhoid
(ii) Describe strategies used to control a named vector.
name of vector ...................................................................................................................
strategies ............................................................................................................................
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(b) (i) State one way in which pollution with raw sewage might affect water quality in the ocean.
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(ii) Explain how raw sewage can be managed to reduce its effects on water quality.
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3 The diagram shows the percentage of water found in stores in the water cycle.

(a) (i) Calculate the percentage of water in oceans. Give your answer to one decimal place.
Show your working. ........................................................% [2]

(ii) Name the two main stores of water shown in the diagram.
1 ........................................................................................................................................
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(iii) Explain why only a limited amount of clean fresh water is available for human use.
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(b) In some countries dams have been built across rivers to increase the supply of fresh water.
Suggest reasons why some people do not want dams built.
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1 (a) The diagram shows the distribution of water on Earth.

(i) State the percentage of fresh water available on Earth.

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(ii) Explain what is meant by the term groundwater.

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(iii) Suggest a reason why the water stored in ice caps and glaciers is not directly available for
human use.
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(iv) The table shows the sources of fresh surface water on Earth.
Complete the pie graph using the key to show this information.

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(v) Water in rivers and lakes is often polluted.

Describe how human activity can cause rivers and lakes to become polluted.
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(b) The diagram shows the water cycle.

(i) State two transfers of water shown on the diagram.

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(ii) State the water storage scheme, shown on the diagram, that is the result of human activity.
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(iii) State the name of the alternative source of energy that could be provided by this water
storage scheme.
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(iv) Complete the table of definitions using terms from the diagram.
(c) The pie graphs show the use of water in four countries.

(i) State the name of the country that uses the greatest percentage of their water for agriculture.
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(ii) State the name of the country that uses the smallest percentage of their water for industry.
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(iii) Domestic use is water used in the home. Calculate the difference in the percentage of water
used for domestic use in the UK compared with Bangladesh.
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(iv) Suggest reasons why the UK, which is a developed country, uses a greater percentage of
their water in the home than Bangladesh which is a developing country.
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(e) Forest ecosystems are under threat from human activity. They are affected by acid rain. The
diagram shows some causes and effects of acid rain.

(i) Use the diagram and your own knowledge to explain how acid rain is formed.
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(ii) State one effect of acid rain shown on the diagram.
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